Chapter 4 - 1 PDF
Chapter 4 - 1 PDF
Chapter 4 - 1 PDF
Laila Amera Aziz (Universiti Malaysia Pahang)BUM1113 Technical MathematicsChapter 4:The Trigonometric
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Chapter Overview
Laila Amera Aziz (Universiti Malaysia Pahang)BUM1113 Technical MathematicsChapter 4:The Trigonometric
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Learning Outcomes
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4.1 Radian Measure
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4.1 Radian Measure
Definition
Place the vertex of the angle at the center of a circle of radius r . Let s
denote the length of the arc intercepted by the angle. The radian
measure θ of the angle is the ratio of the arc length, s to the radius r .
In symbols,
s
θ=
r
Laila Amera Aziz (Universiti Malaysia Pahang)BUM1113 Technical MathematicsChapter 4:The Trigonometric
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Example
Determine the radian measure of each angle
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Relationship between Degrees and Radians
◦
180 π
180◦ = π rad 1 rad = 1◦ = rad
π 180
Example
1 Express 60◦ in radians.
π
2 Express rad in degrees.
6
Laila Amera Aziz (Universiti Malaysia Pahang)BUM1113 Technical MathematicsChapter 4:The Trigonometric
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Formulas for Arc Length and Sector Area
s = rθ
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Example
1 Find the arc length s in the following figure.
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Example
π
1 Find the area of a sector of a circle with central angle rad if the
3
radius of the circle is 3m.
2 From the figure, find
Laila Amera Aziz (Universiti Malaysia Pahang)BUM1113 Technical MathematicsChapter 4:The Trigonometric
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Exercise I
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Exercise II
(b) For r = 12m, what angle is required to water twice as much area?
(c) For θ = 40◦ , what range for the water stream is required to water
twice as much area?
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Circular Motion
Suppose a point moves along a circle as shown in the Figure below.
There are two ways to describe the motion of the point - linear speed
and angular speed.
θ
angular speed ω=
t
s
linear speed ν=
t
Laila Amera Aziz (Universiti Malaysia Pahang)BUM1113 Technical MathematicsChapter 4:The Trigonometric
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Example I
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Example II
Solution :
In 10s, the angle θ changes by
15 × 2π = 30π radians
θ 30π rad
ω= = = 3π rad/s
t 10s
The distance travelled by the stone in 10s is
s 90π ft
ν= = = 9π ft/s
t 10s
Laila Amera Aziz (Universiti Malaysia Pahang)BUM1113 Technical MathematicsChapter 4:The Trigonometric
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Relationship between Linear and Angular Speed
If a point moves along a circle of radius r with angular speed ω, then its
linear speed, ν is given by
s rθ θ
ν= = =r = rω
t t t
Laila Amera Aziz (Universiti Malaysia Pahang)BUM1113 Technical MathematicsChapter 4:The Trigonometric
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Example
A woman is riding a bicycle whose wheels are 26 inches in diameter. If
the wheels rotate at 125 revolutions per minute (rpm), find the speed at
which she is travelling.
Solution :
The angular speed of the bicycle is
2π × 125 rad
ω= = 250π radian/min
1min
Since the radius of the wheel is 13 inch, the linear speed is
Laila Amera Aziz (Universiti Malaysia Pahang)BUM1113 Technical MathematicsChapter 4:The Trigonometric
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Exercise I
Laila Amera Aziz (Universiti Malaysia Pahang)BUM1113 Technical MathematicsChapter 4:The Trigonometric
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Exercise II
(b) the linear speed of a point on the circumference of the larger wheel;
(c) the angular speed of the smaller wheel in radians per minute.
Hint: Because of the belt, the linear speed of a point on the
circumference of the larger wheel is equal to the linear speed of a
point on the circumference of the smaller wheel.
(d) The number of revolution per minute of the smaller wheel in rpm.
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4.2 Trigonometric Function of Angles
Let POQ be a right triangle with acute angle θ as shown in Figure (a)
below. Place θ in standard position as shown in Figure (b) below.
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Using the Pythagorean
p Theorem, we see that the hypotenuse has
2
length r = x + y .2
y x y
sin θ = cos θ = tan θ =
r r x
r r x
csc θ = sec θ = cot θ =
y x y
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Trigonometric Functions of Angles in Unit Circle
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Example
Referring to the figure,
(a) Specify cos θ, sin θ and tan θ.
(b) Specify cos β, sin β and tan β.
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Exercise I
Laila Amera Aziz (Universiti Malaysia Pahang)BUM1113 Technical MathematicsChapter 4:The Trigonometric
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Exercise II
2
2 Given that the x-coordinate of the point P is , evaluate the
5
trigonometric functions of θ.
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Exercise III
3 Suppose that there are two sticks (AB and AC) and a piece of wire
(BC), each of length one metre fastened at the end of both sticks
to form an equilateral triangle as shown in the following figure.
(a) By using the unit circle, find the six trigonometric ratios at θ = 30◦ .
(b) If BC is bent out to form an arc of a circle with centre A, then the
angle at A will be less than 60◦ . What is the measure of this new
angle at A in both radian and degree?
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4.3 Algebra and Trigonometric Functions
Example
Perform the following operations.
(a) Simplify 10sin θcos θ + 4sin θcos θ − 16sin θcos θ
sin θ − cos θ
(d) Simplify
cos θ − sin θ
cot 2 θ tan2 θ
(e) +
csc 2 θ sec 2 θ
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Exercise
Carry out the indicated operations.
(a) Simplify −cos2 θsin2 θ + (2sinθcosθ)2
1 3
(c) Find −
sinA cosA
(d) Factorise 5csc 2 B cot 2 B − 15cscB cotB
sin2 A − cos2 A
(e) Simplify
sinA − cosA
3sin θ + 6
(f) Simplify
sin2 θ − 4
tan θ + tan θsin θ − cos θsin θ
(g) Simplify
sin θ tan θ
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