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    Questionnaire and Conclusion Sand Replacement

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    Muhammad Firdaus Azrai
    In-situ soil density is an important metric for determining soil quality and compaction. It is known as the bulk density measured at the soil's actual depth, which affects properties like penetration, rooting depth, water capacity, and microbial activity. Proper soil compaction is also significant for construction projects, as it increases load-bearing capacity and prevents issues like settlement. Factors like optimum moisture content and degree of saturation influence compaction effectiveness for different soil types, such as cohesive soils compacted best with rollers, and cohesion-less soils compacted with vibration. Determining field density through methods like the sand replacement test is important for understanding soil properties and ensuring structures are built on adequately dense and stable foundations

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    Questionnaire and Conclusion Sand Replacement

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Firdaus Azrai
    1K views2 pages
    In-situ soil density is an important metric for determining soil quality and compaction. It is known as the bulk density measured at the soil's actual depth, which affects properties like penetration, rooting depth, water capacity, and microbial activity. Proper soil compaction is also significant for construction projects, as it increases load-bearing capacity and prevents issues like settlement. Factors like optimum moisture content and degree of saturation influence compaction effectiveness for different soil types, such as cohesive soils compacted best with rollers, and cohesion-less soils compacted with vibration. Determining field density through methods like the sand replacement test is important for understanding soil properties and ensuring structures are built on adequately dense and stable foundations

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    Questionnaire and conclusion sand replacement

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    In-situ soil density is an important metric for determining soil quality and compaction. It is known as the bulk density measured at the soil's actual depth, which affects properties like penetration, rooting depth, water capacity, and microbial activity. Proper soil compaction is also significant for construction projects, as it increases load-bearing capacity and prevents issues like settlement. Factors like optimum moisture content and degree of saturation influence compaction effectiveness for different soil types, such as cohesive soils compacted best with rollers, and cohesion-less soils compacted with vibration. Determining field density through methods like the sand replacement test is important for understanding soil properties and ensuring structures are built on adequately dense and stable foundations

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    1K views2 pages

    Questionnaire and Conclusion Sand Replacement

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Firdaus Azrai
    In-situ soil density is an important metric for determining soil quality and compaction. It is known as the bulk density measured at the soil's actual depth, which affects properties like penetration, rooting depth, water capacity, and microbial activity. Proper soil compaction is also significant for construction projects, as it increases load-bearing capacity and prevents issues like settlement. Factors like optimum moisture content and degree of saturation influence compaction effectiveness for different soil types, such as cohesive soils compacted best with rollers, and cohesion-less soils compacted with vibration. Determining field density through methods like the sand replacement test is important for understanding soil properties and ensuring structures are built on adequately dense and stable foundations

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    Questionnaire

    Soil density is highly important in-situ. The in-situ soil density is used as a metric for
    determining soil compaction, as well as soil quality. The in-situ density is known as the soil's bulk
    density measured at its actual depth affects penetration, rooting depth or limitations, the available
    water capacity, soil porosity, supply of plant nutrients and activity of soil microorganisms. Through
    conducting this test the field density of the soil can be determined. The amount of moisture is likely to
    vary from time and hence also the density of soil.

     https://www.quora.com/Why-is-determination-of-dry-density-of-soil-as-important-as-in-situ-
    density
     https://theconstructor.org/practical-guide/in-situ-dry-density-sand-replacement-method/2687/
    Field engineers are also found discussing about optimum moisture content (OMC)
    when building sub-grade roads. First, sub-grade is classified as a material in-situ on which the
    pavement structure is placed. Sub-grades are very important in deciding pavement efficiency,
    since they play a major role. OMC conditions are conditions under which a maximum dry
    density is obtained in soils. The OMC values are for the precise amount of compaction that is
    added to the soil. The relation between sub-grades and OMCs go hand in hand to result in
    adequate and sufficient structural support for roads. In order to do so, a sub-grade soil should
    be compacted into its most adequate density to prevent the sub-grade to compress, deform or
    erode after construction, resulting in cracked roads or pavements. Adequate density is actually
    said to be the relative density for the top 150mm of sub-grade, with a percentage of not less
    than 95% of maximum density. To achieve this, OMC comes into place. Basically, as the
    value of OMC decreases or is of a lower value, the higher the stability of a sub-grade. A
    higher value of OMC is detrimental to the stability of a road or pavement because it
    jeopardizes its stability. An increase in moisture content is also affiliated with the degree of
    saturation (DOS) factor. DOS indicates the ratio of volume of water to the combined volume
    of air voids and water within a material. If the value of DOS is higher (also known as highly
    saturated), it results in an extremely high pore pressure, leading to instability when a load is
    subjected onto the material.

    https://www.scribd.com/document/188948685/Sand-Replacement

    In construction, this is a significant part of the building process. If performed improperly,


    settlement of the soil could occur and result in unnecessary maintenance costs or structure
    failure. Almost all types of building sites and construction projects utilize mechanical
    compaction techniques. There are five principle reasons to compact soil which are increases
    load-bearing capacity, prevents soil settlement and frost damage, provides stability, reduces
    water seepage, swelling and contraction and reduces settling of soil There are four types of
    compaction effort on soil or asphalt which are vibration, impact, kneading and pressure. Soil
    compaction is the pressing of surrounding soil particles by mechanical methods. Air is
    removed from the void space within the soil mass during soil compaction and thus the mass
    density is increased. Furthermore, some noteworthy factors are the methods of compaction
    used for cohesive and cohesion-less soils. By definition, cohesive soils are sticky soils; known
    as clay or silty clay. Cohesive soils have inter-particular attraction, which is a contributing
    factor to the shear strength of the soil. Moreover, such soil types are not affected by friction
    between particles. Hence, it can be said that the angle of friction will not play a role in
    determining the shear strength of a cohesive soil. The most plausible method to compact
    cohesive soil is by rolling using a roller. For cohesive soils of lower plasticity, pneumatic
    rollers are utilized whereas sheepsfoot rollers are used for cohesive soils of moderate
    plasticity. On the other hand, cohesion-less soils are defined as soils which do not possess
    cohesive forces. These soils are comparatively coarser, with self-weight governing their
    behaviour. Meaning that the particles have internal friction and their shear strength is
    determined by the angle of friction between soil particles. An example of cohesion-less soils
    is sand. Cohesion-less soils are compacted through imparting vibrations, by ramming or
    tamping. They are also compacted via watering, in which the seepage of water into the sand
    causes grains to occupy more stable positions.
    https://pavementinteractive.org/reference-desk/construction/site-preparation/subgrade-
    preparation-for-new-pavements/

    CONCLUSION
    In conclusion, from test determination of field density of soils by the sand
    replacement method is determine the in-situ density of natural or compacted soils using and
    pouring cylinder. The relationship that can be established between the dry density with known
    moisture content. After conducting process experiments, the data obtained are to determine
    the dry soil density. The object of this experiment is to determine the density of natural soil or
    compacted with a cylinder that pours sand. The probability of experimental error there is in
    progress in the course of this experiment. Of them is in terms of the amount of sand taken is
    less, the land taken as a sample is not enough, a hole dug with a slightly different depth and
    soil also contain impurities which may cause different densities.

    http://docshare.tips/sand-replacement_57527077b6d87fee7c8b4815.html

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