Pereira Jose Goa and Its Music 5 PDF
Pereira Jose Goa and Its Music 5 PDF
Pereira Jose Goa and Its Music 5 PDF
1988.
In:
Boletim do Instituto Menezes Bragan9a, No. 155, pp. 41-72. Panaji, Goa.
GOA & ITS l\1USIC
Jose Pereira
&
~Jicael ~Jartins
EXCURSUS l
EXCURSUS III
I SOURCES
1 Manuscript
2 Printed
a Books
b Journals and loose publications
II STUDIES
I SOURCES
1 Manuscript
1926 Carlos Eugenio Fereirra Les ballets du Concan (La sup;lique et l'arri-
vee ) . One-step et tango danses c!zaracteristiques (sur les motifs et chan sOilS
indiennes). Op. 8, 9, Bastoni: Tip. Rangel.
1929 Carlos Eugenio ( 1930) Ferreira Custoba's Song ( Crmto de Custoba),
Op. 12, Bast ora : Tip. Range I.
1931 Ermelinda Stuarts Gomes Eusso re gonnam. Song published in
E. G. Gomes' article "Cbandr,lpur nao sera Chando~" m BIJ!eti 11 do
Instituto Vasco da Gama, Pangim, 10 ( 1931 ), 21-22.
1935 Joao Filipe Roque Correia Livro de orat;i5es ( ccinticos navos para
serem adicionados ), Margao: Tip. Progresso.
Joseph J. Rego Tsaltim padam, or Sing-a-Song. A Collection of Popular
· Songs in Konkani and other Languages ( 1st ed ), Mangalore : Simon & Co.
( Kanarese script ).
1938 Joseph J. Rego Op. cit. (2nd ed.), also in Kanarese script.
1940 Joao Filipe Roque Correia Livro de orac;i5es, Contendo hinos, lada{n/zas,
terc;os, dinticos, ant[fonas, etc. etc., que se solenizam nas igrejas, caoelas e
oratorios de Goa, Margao : Tip. Progresso.
A. B. de Braganc;a Pereira A etnografia da India Portuguesa, Bastora :
Tip. Rangel, vol. 2, pp. 256-260.
1948 Jo,eph J. Rego Op. cit. ( 3rd ed. ).
1949 Floriano Augusto Jacques Songs from the Mando. A Collection of
32 Goan Folk Songs with Music, Bombay: Konkan Institute of Arts and
Sciences (no date shown in the book).
1951 F. J. S. Miranda Hosanna, Bombay : Examiner Press.
1953 Anonymous (probable Joseph Saldanha) Xembor cantigo (in Kana-
rese script), lOth ed., Mangalore: Codialbail Pres:<.
J. A. A. Fernandes Album cantarancho ( Goan Folk-lore Song> ) \{an-
plore: Codialbail Press.
1954 Rodrigues Galan co rat De\'ac, G0a: Tin. 'J )'ll B)':'>.
1956 Nita Lupi Af:isictz e alma da India portu:;ucsa, L:s')on : A'-'~ncia
Geral do Ultram.ar.
1958 Joseph J. Rego Op. cit. (4th ed. ). (Four deknnis) I. Prm'
paineonnam. 2. }vfu::o fulancho poddu. 3. Saiba raia11i•n. 4. Bczrik
nac!zi (leaflet), Bombay: Konkani Sanskrutic Akade:ny, Mahi:n ( h:lU-
guralleaf!et, 30 April1961 ).
48 BOLETIM DO INSTITUTO MENEZES BRAGANCA
No date Luzitano Rodrigues Cantos do povo. Fasc. I & 2, Nova Goa (?)
Carlos Eugenio Ferreira Serenata indiana (Manda com variat; 0 es). Op. 6.
( Zaito tempu zal're moga Sopnnant y anvem dekileari tuka).
b Journals
Joseph.in1 Dias Das Chagas Gom<:s e Fernandes (text) & J. 0.1. Leopol-
dino F. Fi!rn::udes ( mu;;ic) Choudam orsam re p:~ssun:~m R:wlim a:nz
ancuarponn sonsunum Ibid., 27 August 1913.
GOA & ITS MUSIC 49
II STUDlES
1846 Felippe Neri Xavier 0 Gabinete Littel·ario das Fontainlzas, Nova Goa:
Imprensa Nacional, vol. I, p. 126.
1858 Joaquim H~liodoro da Cunha Rivara Ensaio hist6rir.o da l£ngua con-
cani, Nova Goa: Imprensa Nacional, 1857.
187-t. Tomas Ribeiro Jornadas Segunda Parte: Entre PalmP.iras (2nd e_d. ),
Nova Goa: Imprensa Nacional, 1932.
1883 James M. Campbell ( ed) (materials for ch. 3 furnished by
P. F. De Souza and P. Fernandez). Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency,.
vol. XV, ch. 3, pp, 219, 386 & 389.
1886 A Lopes Mendes A India Portugueza, Lisbon, Imprensa Nacional,
2 vols. ( vol. 2 p. 42 ).
1889 Frederico Diniz D'Ayalla Goa Antiga e Moderna, (Lisbon,
1889 ), pp. 34-39.
1905 Fernando Leal " Glossario portuguez oriental " 0 Heraldo,
Panjim, no. 1570 ( 10 June 1905). p. 2, cols. 3 & 4.
1906 Floriano Barreto Livro Posthumo, Nova Goa: Casa Luso-
-Franceza, especially "0 Culto da Musica ", pp. 135-147; "0 Mando ",
pp. 243- 260.
1908 Anonymous "Epistolas de Polycarpo ", Hera/do, 6 August,
1906, p. ·2.
1914 Justiniano de Albuquerque Int'ressante Konkanim ", Lu::: do
Orimre, O::tober 1914, pp. 36 4-369.
fama internacional ", Ibid., cols. 3-4. "A poesia na India portuguesa -
temas infinitos, mas que pertencem ao drama corrente da vida", Ibid,
colr. 6-7.
Lambert Mascarenhas " The Konkani • Tcatro' ", Goan
Tribune, 10 January 1960, pp. 5 & 12.
This information was given to us by Mr. Lobo himself. We have not been
able to make it more precise or verify it.
56 BOLETIM DO INSTITUTO MENEZES BRAGAN<;A
NOTES
INTRODUCTION
11. Found mostly in the Central Library, Ponnji, and in various private
collections in Goa.
12. Francisco Joao da Costa (or "Gip" ) , Jacob e Dulce (2nd ed.) ,
Nova-Goa ( Ponnji): Typographia da "Casa Luso-Franceza", 1907.
13. The name of our informants are found in Excursus IV, below.
14. GOANNESS OF THE MAN DO" l\1and6s, em que tanto abunda a
nossa terra, e que constituem a musica de predilecto encanto da sociedade goa-
58 BOLETIM DO INSTITUTO MENEZES BRAGAN<;A
neza ". Maria Aninha da Silva Coelho, leaflet of Mandos, Morhgoum 1890,
introductory page. "Konkani poetry, especially in the form of the Manda, has
been so far the only extinsively successful vehicle for the spontaneous overflow
of our powerful feelings .... No poetry can so surely set the heartstrings Gf a
Goan a-quiver ... as the poetry of a Afando ". Armando Menezes, ''A Peep
at our Parnassus ", The Gaan World, December 1930, p. 28. " ..• the mando
became ... the most intense expression of the p~rsonality of the individual
and the character of the race... On the silken string of the rhythm of the
],Janda are strung, like coloured beads, our na:ional traditions ... " Fran·
cisco Correia-Afonso, "Our National Dance", The Go:m World, num. cit.,
.·~.
pp. 13-14. One of the founders of the study of the Mando, Floriano Barreto.
says! of it: "A alma da terra mater ahi estua e refl~cte-se." Livra posthumo
(Nova Goa: Caza Luso-Franceza, 1906 ), '' 0 culto da musica," p. 138.
15. For the "Konl<ani Composite" of melancholy and star fixation see
chapter VII.
16. The war on Konkani is well described by the language's first historian,
Joaquim Heliodoro da Cunha Rivara in his 0 ensaia historico da lingua con-
cani, which is one of the two prefaces to his Grammatica da lingua cancani
composta pelo padre Thomaz Estevao e ascrescentada par outros padres da
Companhia de Jesus. Nova Goa: Imprensa Nacional, 1857.
GOA & ITS MUSIC 59
CHAPTER I
1. "Goa is all that land that lies between the Western Ghats and the
Arabian sea, between 14 degrees, 53' ·and !5 degrees, 48' Lat. North; and
73 degrees, 45,' and 74 degrees 34' Long. East of Greenwich". C. F. Saldanha,
S. J., A Short History of Goa (Bombay: Anglo-Lusit:mo, 1952 ), Intro-
duction, P. 1.
1962 ), p. 252.
11. Niharranjan Ray, Maurya and Sunga Art (University of Calcutta,.
1945 ), chapter II, pp. 8-10.
12. Fairservis, op. cit., pp. 3 0-31.
13. The Fora! of Afonso Mexia, published by Cunha Rivara in the
Archivo portuguez oriental, Ponnji, fasc. V ( 1865), parte 1, n. 58, pp. 118-133.
14. Saldanha, op. cit., ch. 2, pp. 9-10, attributes the Goan's social spirit
and local individualism to the Gaumponn.
15. Mortimer Wheeler, op. et toe. cit.
16. Fairservis, op. cit. , pp. 12-14.
17. Ibid. , pp. 18 and 20.
18. Ibid. , p. 26.
19. Mortimer Wheeler, op. et lac. cit.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid.
GOA & ITS MUSIC 61
(d) Kadamba
(e) Yadava
(f) Bahmani
(g) Vijayanagara
(h) Bijapur
The events of the last period, he said, could be best classified according
to who the adversaries of the Portuguese were at a given time. Thus in the
years between 1510 and 1650, the main enemies were the Bijapur dynasts;
from 1650 to 1739 the Marathas; from the latter date to 1800 Hyder Ali,
Tippu Sultan, the Nizam and the Marathas; and from 1800 to 1947 the
British.
For other schemes of Goan history see Frederico Dinis de Aiala, Goa
antiga e moderna (Lisbon, 1889) p. 30; J. A. Saldanha, "The Origins and
Growth of Konkani ", The Mangalore Magazine, Vol. 2-8 (Christmas 1902 ),
p. 236 ; and also Joao Manuel Pacheco de Figueiredo," Goa Preportuguesa ",
Studia, Lisbon, no. 12 (July 1963 ), pp. 139-259 and nos. 13-1-+ (January-
-July 196-+ ), pp. 105-225. This latter w0rk is so far p::rhaps the fullest
treatment of Goan history before the Portuguese conquest.
24. Jagdish. Chandra Jain, Life in Ancient India as Depicte in the Jain
Canons (Bombay: New Book Company, 1947 ), ch. 4, p. 299.
26. The material for this and the following section (as well as for some-
-of the previous and latter ones) is taken from the Bbaratiya Vidya Bhavan's
History and Culture of the Indian People ( HCIP) -Vol. I, The Vedic Age
{London: -George Allen and Unwin, i95 t); vol. li, The Age of Imperial
Unity (Bombay : Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 1951 ) ; vol. III, The Classical
Age (Idem, 195-1-) ; vol. IV, The Age of Impuial Kanauj ( Id., 1955); vol.
V, Th': struggle for Empire (Id., 1957) ; vol. VI, The Dc:l!ri Sulranaete ( Id .•
1960); vols. IX & X, British Paramounty and Indian R;maissance ( Id., 1963
& 1965) - e>specially fro.n v.)\s. IV and V. The ditors are: R. C.
Majumdar & A. D. Pusalker, of vols. I-V; R. C. Majumdar, A.D. Pusalkar
& A. K. Majumdar, of vol. VI; and R. C. Majumdar, A. D. Majum?ar,
& D. K. Ghose, ofvols. IX & X.
27. See George :..1ark Moraes, The Kadamba Kula. A History of Ancient
and Mediaval Karnataka. B::>mbay: B. X. Furta::!::> & Sons, 1931.
28. The Jain Canons, fixed by Devardhigani around the si:<th century
A.D., say that 1he Konkan WJ.s n::Jn-Aryan, as for ex:am;>le Jinad1sagani,
Uttaradhyayana Curni ( Rutlam 1933), p. 115, quoted by Jagdish Chandra
Jain, op. cit., pp. 299-300.
29. " .• , esta gentc trabalhadora, pacifica, e verdadeira na sua :,implicidade
como nenhuma outra em terras de Goa ... estes homens ... tern a coragem
rara no paiz de dizer a verdade em quaesquer circumstancias... Sao os
mais fortes, e ao mesmo tempo os mais doceis manducares ... " Antonio
Emilio d' Almeida Azevedo, As communidades de Goa (Lisbon 1890), cap.
I, pp. 18·19.
30. Xennai Goimbab, Coman to panixat (Bombay: Gomantak Pres s,
1933), 1 kadd, 4 arannyak, p. 35.
31. See: The Delhi Sultanate ( HCIP vo!. VI), ch. XU.
32. G.}. r. :0.Ior:Jes, "A Forgotten Chapter in the History of the Konkan" ,
Bharat Kaumudi (Studies in lndology in Honour of Dr. Radha Kumud
:Mookerji, Allahabad 1945), pt. l, pp. 441·475.
33. See Jorge Dias, Os elementos fundamentais da cultura portuguesa,
Lisbon: Agencia Geral do Ultramar, 1960.
34. Battle of Diu: 3 February 1509.
GOA & ITS MUSIC 63
38. "Goa was at that period a city with an estimated population of t\VO
hundred and twenty five thousand,l which would rank it with London and'
Antwerp as one of the largest cities of that time." Boies Penrose, Goa -Queen
of the East (Lisbon, 1960 ), p. 55. "Le sue f&bbriche so no bellissime, alte,
nobili, fatte al modo d'Europa, solo piu frequenti di finestre... Li con vente
de' Regolari sono singalarmente maestosi, tanto che sto in dubbio se in Europa
si possino trovare de piu belli." F. Vincenzo Maria di S. Caterina da Siena
II viaggio alle Indie Orienta!i (Rome 1672 ), lib. 5, cap. 4, p. 424.
39. " ... todas as noites infallivelmente as hora3 destinadas a e:>te sancto
exercicio tod-a a cidade de Goa parecia hum coro da musica ... " Francisco
de Sousa, op. cit., conquista I, div. II, num. 19, p. 74.
40. "Alii dorme, apezar do marquez de Pombal, no seu leito de prata, e
na terra que tanto amou, o maior conquistador do Oriente'' Tomas Ribeiro,..
Jornadas, Segunda parte, ·Entre Palmeiras (2nd ed. Nova Goa: Imprensa
Nacional, 1932 ), :xxxvrn, p. 198.
47. "The legitimate heritage of the baroque period must not be the
absolutizing of what is human in church State, but the awareness of the
absolute character of the divine ; it must be a celebration not of present
triumphalism, but of eternal triumph". Hermann Tnchle, "Baroque Chris-
tianity: Root of Triumphalism ", Concilium, Hilversum, vol. VII-I (Sept.
1965), p. 76.
~S. Chico op. cit., pp. 20-24.
51. The width of St. Paul's nave is 41 feet, while that of Espirito Santo-
, { S. Francisco de Assis) in Velha Goa is a littls over 54 feet. Of course,
St Paul's has aisles, which the Espirito Santo bas not.
53. Ibid.,pp.llS-129.
54. Francisco de Sousa, op. cit., conq. 4, div. 1, n n. 106-108, pp. 398-402.
55. " Peregrinou Xavier em corpo e alma por immensos mares e remotis-
simas Proviticias : desceu em forma de Peregrina do ceu a terra : e ate o seu
corpo ja morto e sem alma andou peregrinando de Sancboao a Malaca,
-de Ivialaca a Goa, de uma sepultura em outra, mudando tumulos e ataudes,
cubicn!os, salas e capellas. E porque ainda se suspeita que bade peregrinar
mais ao longe, ( o que Deus nao permitta por sua Divina Misericordia)
jaz ao presente em um tumulo interior de rodas para se poder tirar mais
facilmente do mausoleu de prata no Oriente. I\'las eu espero ern seu mila-
groso patrocinio que se lhe hao de servir as rodas para se mover com maior
promptidao e velocidade ao socorro da India, porque pedem remedio mui
apressado tao lastimosas ruinas ". Ibid., conq. 4, div. 2, n. 4, p. 415.
56. See, for instance, the sonnets of Be>cage ( 1765-1805) in his period
of expatriation { 1788-1790 ).
65 BOLETIM DO I~STITUTO MENEZES BRAGAN<";A
66. Cunha Rivara wrote Brados a ((!vor das com;;?:u;U~iJ:s dos aldeias
do E~tado da India (Nova Goa: Imprensa Nacional, 1870 '· and Fi!ipe
Neri Xavier, the D?fensa dos dfreitos das gcio-cari:Js, gao-c:1res e dos seus
privilegios, contra a oroposta da sua dissolw;ao, e divisao das suas terras ( No\·a
Goa: Imprensa Nacional, 1856 ).
68 BOLETIM DO INSTITUTO MENEZES BRAGANCA
22 December 1821 ). The editor was the unfortunate Captain Luis Prates.
74. "As elei¥oes tern causado na India portugueza ... mais mal que
q:i:mtas pragas lwuve no Egypto ".Miguel Vicente de Abreu op. cit., p. 66.
77. This mando is the Luizinh moje Luizinh. There is another mand o•
(little known) on this event, the Divarhykaranim ekttaim keleaim S:Jreachirrr
bunyanvam.
80. For a bibliography of the risings of Satari see the Bole tim do Governo,_
Ponnji 1852, pp. 71, 76, 100 and 250. Frederico de Aiala, a great admirer
of the rannos, has a picturesque description of their robbing methods in_
op. cit., pp. 15-16.
S1 Kuxttoba
.i.'rfiraxi lndietso
Terroru Goint.w
Conflit povatso
Inimig bottatso!
82. The mando on this revolt is Soglea sonsara foboro Pakleam' geunum-
85. Arthur Bryant, The Story of England, I, The Makers of the Realm
'07. "These places on earth have been impregnated with man's intell-
igence and toil. It is through history that the union of Nature and man
-is a2complished. As a result Nature radiates with signs and significance,
which makes her beauty blossom forth". Jacques Maritain, Creative Intui-
89. ''A villa de Margao abraya este monte, em cujo top:J esia a Virgem
Sancta, como a cobril-a com o manto da sua piedade ". Tomas Ribeiro,
91. Floriano Barreto, op. cit., pp. 136 and 230. See chapter III, note 33,
below.
92. Some of these poets are Nascimento Mendon9a, Paulino Dias, Ma-
riano Gracias and Floriano Barreto. See Joseph Furtado, Principais poetas
goanos, Bastorii : Tip. Rangel, 1927, and Ethel M. Pope, lndia in Portuguese
Literature, Bastorii: Tip, Rangel, 1937.
93. See Introduction, note 16.
.
Early Goan Emigration into British India, Bombay : Goa Times Press 19-!2 .
100. British Paramountcy and Indian Renaissance, part I ( HCIP, vol. IX),
ch. XIX, pp. 591·602.
72 BOLETt M DO lNSTITUTO MENEZES BRAGAN<;A
103. " Foreign conquerors have treated the natives with violence, and
-often with great crcaulty, but none b:1s treated them with so much scorn as
we; none have stignutizcd the whole people as unworthy of trust, as
incapable of honc~ty, and as fit to be employed only when we cannot
do without them. It seems to be not only ungenerous, but impolitic, to
debase the character of a people fallen under our dominion.:.
The consequence, therefore, of the conquest of India by the British arms
would be in place of raising, to debase the whole people. There is perhaps
no example of any conquest in which the Natives have been so completely
excluded from all share of the government of their country as in British India".
Thomas Munro (Minutes) to the Governor-General, 12 November 1818,
quoted from Gleig, Life of Sir Thomas Munro, pp. 269-270, by Edward
'Thompson and G. T. G:trratt, Rise and Fulfilmt7nt of British Rule in India
(London: Macmillan, 1934 ), p. 657.
104. Toynbee, op. cit., p. 73.
( To be continued).