VOCATIONAL TRAINING REPORT

TH
(FROM 18 MAY -3 TH JULY)

LOCO WORKSHOP

NORTH WESTERN RAILWAY, AJMER

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

(MECHANICAL ENGINEERING)

SUBMITIED TO:
SUBMITTED BY:
Mr. ABHINAV KASHYAP KARTICA
CHOUHAN

(HOD-ME)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We take this opportunity to express our sincere gratitude to

the peoples who have been helpful in the successful
completion of our industrial training and this project. We
would like to show our greatest appreciation to the highly
esteemed and devoted technical staff, supervisors of the
Carriage Workshop, Ajmer. We are highly indebted to
them for their tremendous support and help during the
completion of our training and project.

We are grateful to Mr. AJAY GUPTA, C.I. (B.T.C.) of carriage

workshop, Ajmer and Mr. J.P. SHARMA, Principal of
Training School who granted us the permission of
industrial training in the shed. We would like to thanks to
all those peoples who directly or indirectly helped and
guided us to complete our training and project in the
workshop, including the following instructors and technical
officers of carriage and various sections.
 PREFACE

As a part of curriculum prescribed for bachelor of

technology by Rajasthan Technical University, Kota.
Training was taken at carriage Workshop Ajmer.

This training report is summary of observation during

period of 45 days. Although this was a short in depth study
of a giant organization yet we laid emphasis on touching
most of sections.

I have tried to cover all aspects of our study on my part;

I hope that this report will provide sufficient insight of
industry & its components viz. Man, material, machine and
process.
 CONTENTS
TITLE
PAGE NO
● History of Carriage workshop…………..5
● Paint Shop………………………………...6-8
● Mill wright Shop………………………….9-16
● Machine shop…………………………….11-17
● Wheel shop……………………………….18-25
● Bogie shop………………………………..26-30
● Air Brake and component repair………31-37
● Roller Bearing shop………………….….38-42
● Water supply and plumbing shop……..43-47
● Coach component Repair shop……………48
 HISTORY OF CARRIAGE WORKSHOP

 The foundation of the prestigious Central

workshop was laid in 1876 and was established
in 1877 to undertake repairs and manufacturing
of steam locomotives, carriages and wagons of
Rajputana-Malwa MG system.

 Carriage and Wagon Workshop was built in 1884 for repairs

and manufacture of Carriage and Wagon for the Rajputana-
Malwa Railway.

 This workshop has proud privilege of being the first

workshop in the country to set up facilities in 1902 for
production of steel castings.

 The manufacturing of new coaching and wagon stock

continued in this workshop till the setting up of Integral
Coach Factory and till development of certain private &
public sector factories for manufacture of wagons.

 This workshop was modernized during 1986-92 at a cost of

Rs.31.81 cr.

 This workshop also carries out POH of Palace on

Wheels and Heritage on Wheels.

 This workshop stopped POH of MG wagons from

Dec.’99 and the activity was shifted to loco
workshop.

 Both Carriage and loco workshops are ISO 9001:

2000 certified.
 PAINT SHOP
 Introduction:
When metals are put into use in various forms they are
exposed to environment containing liquids, gases etc. As a
result of this the surface of metal starts deteriorating. This
type of deterioration or destruction may be direct
chemical attack or electrochemical attack.

 Definition:
Corrosion is a chemical process of oxidation with metal to
its surroundings, covering it into metal oxide, carbonates,
hydroxide and sulfides.
Oxidation takes place only when steel surface is exposed to
atmosphere or moisture.
Chemical reaction is as follows:
4Fe + 3O2 --------2Fe2O3
 Reason of corrosion in ICF Coach:
1. Accumulation of water, dust and salty discharge
under luggage compartment in coaches.
2. Incorrect fitness of side panels.
3. Galvanic cell formation between steel and aluminum
near window area.
4. Seepage of water at corners and ends due to water
accumulation on floor.
5. Insufficient surface preparation before welding.
6. Frequent use of concentrated acids for the cleaning of
toilets.
7. Missing/defective commode chutes resulting in
splashing of toilet discharge leads
to corrosion of under frame members.
 8. Carrying of perishables items like fish in SLRS and
Parcel vans and insufficient cleaning after unloading.
Hence, we need some anti- corrosive actions to protect the
coach body from getting deteriorated.

Paint section deals with such problems.

It majorly works on:

 Painting and reworking of the coaches.

 Specifies works on electrical equipments.
 Trimming works on seats.
 PVC floorings

The shop has been dissimilated into following fractions:

1. Paint and rework department.

2. Trimming shop
3. Electrical equipment shop(which includes
phosphating plants)
4. PVC flooring shop
5. Letter writing department.

Paint shop working:

1. Entry of coach.
2. Inspection of coach.
(An inspector goes on for the inspection of the
coaches.)
3. Duration of the job is determined on the basis of
scheduling.
 A-scheduling
 C-scheduling

A-Scheduling:

 9-days total work is to be done.

  POH time is 36 months
 Processing:
 In this, complete makeover of the coach is
done.
 Solvent (paint remover) is applied to the coach.
 Dry time allowance provision.
 Bit of abrasion is done.
 Red oxide zinc chromate primer applied to
resist corrosion. (Oxide must have good binding
ability.)
 Putty application.
 Slight abrasion.
 Filler is applied (A kind of synthetic enamel).
 Undercoat paint is done.
 320 ZSM paper is applied for fine abrasion.
 Finishing-1 is done. It brings out shiny look.
 400-zsm paper for finishing-2.
 Letter writing

C-SCHEDULING:

 The working time is 5-days.

 No complete makeover of the coach is required.
 2-times primer.
 2-times putty.

PAINT ITEMS:

 Pigments (fine powder).

 Base or binder(alkyd based Paints)
 Solvents(petroleum products)
It is basically thinner.
 Additives to decrease the volatility of the paints.
 Mill Wright shop

Mill Wright is a person who is concerned with the reworking and

erection of the machines and the repair of the damage of the
machine parts and coach components.

This department includes:

 Crane section
 Foundation section
 Machine repair section
 Lister section
 Compressor section
1. Crane section:
This section is basically dealing with the repair of the crane
and traverse components.
Cranes are generally of following types:
 EOT cranes (electric overhead travelling cranes)
 Gantry cranes
 Column cranes
 Hoist cranes
  Traverses

The basic difference between cranes and traverses is

that the cranes are running on over the heads and the
traverses are ground supported.
The basic components of the cranes are:
 Hook
 Steel ropes
 Rings
Etc.

Each of the components is judged on its testing basis. If any

component fails to meet the required specification, then it is either
reworked or scraped.

2. Lister section:
For carrying up the heavy and lethargic components, there is
need of the listers and josts to work on.

The basic difference between the lister and josts is that listers run
on the diesel power and josts run on electrical energy.

It is the duty of the mill Wright department to take care of these

machines.

3. Compressor section:
 The compressor section deals with the supply of the high
pressure air to different shops of the workshop.
There are following types of compressors in the sections:
 Piston-cylinder compressors running on electrical
energy.
 Screw compressors.
4. Base or foundation section:

This section deals with the paving up of the foundation of the

machines and their repairing.

MACHINE SHOP

 INTRODUCTION

In this shop we are basically concerned with different types of

machines which are used in railways.

Basic works are like

1. Component or part preparation

2. Repairing of the parts
3. Production works

Some machines which we are concerning are:

1. Lathe machines.
2. Milling machines
3. Boring machines
4. Planar machines
5. Shaper and slotter machines
6. Radial drilling machines
7. Screwing machines
8. Grinders
9. Oxy-acetylene welding and cutting machines
10. Oil fired furnaces
11. Hydraulic hammers

There is a basic description of the machines which can be

visualized in railways machine shop.

 Lathe machines:

These machines are basically concerned with:

1. Turning
2. Facing
3. Taper turning
4. Unconventional threading

There can be many other operations that can be performed on

lathe.

Different types of lathe machines are:

1. Speed lathes:

These lathes have been outdated. They run on externally

connected power shafts. They are low powered and hence
generally used in woodworks.

2. Engine Lathe:

These lathes are mostly used in the present day. They are
generally called as center lathes. They are efficient to perform
multiple functions.

3. Tool room lathes:

These are specially précised lathes which basically are
concerned with the tool regeneration. These are rather
accurate than engine lathe and hence use carbide tools to work
on HSS tools.

4. Capstan and Turret lathe:

In these types of lathe, instead of tailstock there is capstan

which enhances the multitasking ability on the lathe machine.
There is a hexagonal or square tool post at the capstan. They
are mass production machines.

5. Copying Lathe:

These are obsolete type of machines which have been replaced

by the automatic lathes. These lathe machines used a
specimen of some standard dimensions which was connected
to work piece with the kinematic copying mechanism. Work of
any dimension could be produced by proper scaling of the
kinematic mechanism.

6. Automatic and CNC lathe:

These are the new generations lathe machine which does not
need operator’s manual supports. It just needs program codes
for the working of job. They are highly efficient and accurate.
  Milling machines:

A milling machine is a machine tool that removes metal from

work piece, when work is fed against a rotating multi-point
cutter. The cutter rotates at a high speed and removes metal
at a fast rate Machine can hold one or more cutters at a time.
It is one of the most important machine tool as all operations
can be performed on it with high accuracy. Milling machine can
be used for machining flat surfaces, contoured surfaces,
complex and irregular areas, gear cutting, slotting, helical
milling etc.

Main parts of milling machine are:

1. Bed

2. Column

3. Knee

4. Saddle

5. Table

6. Spindle

7. Arbor

8. Front brace

9. Overhanging.

Mainly two types of Milling Machine

a) Horizontal Milling Machine b) Vertical Milling

Machine
Operations of Milling Machine: Plain Milling, Face Milling,
Side Milling, Angular Milling, Form Milling, Profile Milling, End
Milling, Milling Keyway, Grooves and slots.

VERTICAL MILLING MACHINE

 Boring machines:
The boring machine is one of the most versatile machine
tool use to bore holes in large and heavy machine parts
such as engine frames, steam engine, cylinders, machine
housing, etc. which are practically impossible to hold and
rotate in a center lathe or drilling machine boring machine
has been developed primarily to do this,. In addition to its
primary purpose of boring, the range of speeds and feeds
provided to the various traversing components allow
drilling, mailing and facing to be performed with equal
facility.

Size is designated by the maximum diameter of the boring

bar it can hold.

Other details include type of machine, maximum travel of

spindle, maximum travel of table, spindle speed and feed H.P.
of motor, height of column, size of table, floor space.

Operations: Boring, Reaming, Tapping, Drilling, Counter Boring,

Spot Facing.
 BORING MACHINE

 Planar machines:

These machines are used to create flat surfaces, for example

metal sheet, tough floors.

 Drill machine:

This machine is used to drill the hole in various parts, which are
manufactured in the shop. These are of two types:

1. Pillar Type Drilling Machine 2. Radial Type Drilling

Machine

The Radial type drilling machine consist of a base on which a

cylindrical column is mounted on a radial arm. A separate
motor is provided for elevating or lowering the arm.
This arm can swing to any desire angle the drilling head is
mounted on arm. It can be slide on the arm horizontally in
addition vertically movement is given by separate mechanism.

Main parts of a drilling machine are:

(1)Base (2) Column (3) Radial Arm (4) Drill Head (5) Spindle
speed adjustment and feed mechanism

Operation that can be performed on a drilling machine are

drilling, reaming, counter boring, boring, spot facing, tapping
etc.

 Screwing machine:

These are large scale screw production machine by machining

on the cylindrical surfaces.

 Hydraulic hammer:

These are hydraulic power based hammers used to ram on the

component or for resizing any component.
  Oxy-Acetylene welders and cutters:

These are thermal welders and cutters which are using oxygen
and acetylene as their primary suppliants. The nozzle for
cutters and welders are different.

WHEEL SHOP
Introduction

 The movement of rolling stock on the track is possible only

with the help of wheels.
 For proper gripping of wheels on track a turn wheels have
a special type of profile.
 When train takes a turn it is needed that outer wheel
moves more distance than inner wheel.
 Instead of differential system for this purpose the wheel
profile is made tapered.

COMPONENTS OF A WHEEL SET:

Wheel set is an assembly of components-

 Wheel disc (solid) on both sides of the axle.

 An axle to hold these wheel discs in position.
 Axle boxes with roller bearing.

Wheel and axle assembly is the part of a rake which is adjacent

to the track. It basically consists of three parts:-

a) Wheel: Wheel of a rake is a specifically made

cylindrical portion having an outer edge shape to fit in
the railway track. The material is stainless steel.

b) Axle: Axle is the main long cylindrical bar on which

wheels are fixed with the help of bearings. This is also
made of stainless steel. Each axle contains two wheels,
the brake cylinders are also attached to it. In case loco
rack, traction motor and driving gear system are also
attached.
 c) Axle Bearing: A taper roller cartridge type bearing is
used and it makes up a preassembled unit. The axle
bearings on the bogie are fitted with sensors for
detecting speed (whose signal is elaborated by the ant
slipping system) and a current return device.

The ends of the control arms are fitted with

centering devices for the primary suspension spring
assembly. The bearing lubricating plug is fitted in the
lower part.
Wheel Terminology:-

Wheel diameter(new) 918mm

Wheel diameter(old) 837mm
Wheel diameter(scrap) 825mm
Axle length 2136+0.5/0.00mm

Journal diameter 130+068/+0.043m

m
New Wheel Flange gap 16000/-1mm
Old Wheel Flange gap 16002/-1mm
Axle wheel seat 175-178mm
Wheel diameter gap 0.5mm

It is hereby a noteworthy thing that the wheel machining is in

microns.

General procedures that are followed during wheel workings:

 Removal of the Roller Bearings from the wheel and axle

assembly.
 Providing a series to the wheel (also called as the white
number).
 Visual inspection of the wheel is done.
 Measurement of the Wheel Gauge (16002/-1mm).
 Wheel diameter analysis.
 Inspection as per CMI-003
 Analysis of the wheel flange profile.
 Axle inspection.
Diameter - 130+068/+0.043mm.
 Giving up a repair category to the wheel.
 Ultrasonic testing of the wheel is done.
 An ultrasonic stamping is provided.
  Inspection of wheel flanges

The Flanges on both sides of a wheel set are checked with

the help of a profile gauge to measure the height and thickness
of flanges.

Accurate measurement of flange height and flange thickness is

not possible with the profile gauge. It is, therefore,
recommended to use a wheel profile gauge with which accurate
measurement of flange height and flange thickness to extent of
0.1mm can be made.

After recording the diameters of wheels and wheel flange

measurements, the wheel set is nominated for necessary
repairs.
Wheel repair category:

 Normal repair:
 Turning
 AJ Tb (if necessary)
 R.A. wheel:
 Press off
 Press on
 UST
 UST stamping
 Turning
 AJ TB
 R.B. Wheel:
It is similar to the above process with some extra visual and
manual efforts.

 GAUGES:
Different gages are used in this section to check the
profile .
Name of these gauges are:-
1. Star gauge
2. Flange wear gauge
 3. Root wear gauge
4. J-gauge

J-gauge is used to calculate the diameter of wheel.

Diameter Of wheel = 962 +2x (j-gage reading) mm.

 Wheel profile:

 Wheel defects:
 BOGIE SHOP

A bogie is a wheeled wagon or trolley. In mechanics

terms, a bogie is a chassis or framework carrying
wheels, attached to a vehicle. It can be fixed in place, as
on a cargo truck, mounted on a swivel, as on a
railway carriage or locomotive, or sprung as in the
suspension of a caterpillar tracked vehicle. Bogies
serve a number of purposes:-
 1. To support the rail vehicle body.
2. To run stably on both straight and curved track.
3. To ensure ride comfort by absorbing vibration, and
minimizing centrifugal forces when the train runs on
curves at high speed.
4. To minimize generation of track irregularities and
rail abrasion.
5. Usually two bogies are fitted to each carriage,
wagon or locomotive, one at each end.

 KEY COMPONENTS OF A BOGIE:

1. The bogie frame itself.

2. Suspension to absorb shocks between the bogie

frame and the rail vehicle body. Common types are
coil springs, or rubber airbags.
3. At least two wheel set, composed of axle with a
bearings and wheel at each end.

4. Axle box suspension to absorb shocks

between the axle bearings and the bogie
frame. The axle box suspension usually
consists of a spring between the bogie
frame and axle bearings to permit up
and down movement, and sliders to
prevent lateral movement. A more
modern design uses solid rubber springs.

5. Brake equipment:-Brake shoes are used

that are pressed against the tread of the
wheels.
 Main components of ICF bogie:

1. UNDER FRAME:

 Sole bar
 Transom
 Head stock
 Longitudinal bar

2. PRIMARY SUSPENSION: -
 Dash pot
 Axle box safety bolt
 Dash pot spring
 Axle box wing & lug
 Dash pot protection tube
 Safety strap & safety loop
 Air vent screw
 Axle box & axle box plate

3. SECONDARY SUSPENSION:

 Bogie bolster
 Anchor link
 Centre pivot cotter, split pin & cup
 Suspension link, link pin & stone
 Silent block
 Bolster
 Side bearer housing
 Vertical shock absorber
 Side bearer metal plate
 Safety strap & safety loop
 Side bearer bronze wearing piece
 Equalizing stay rod

4. BRAKE GEAR:-

 Brake beam
 Floating lever
 Brake beam hanger & safety bracket
 Curved pull rod
 Brake safety wire rope
 Equalizing truss bar
 Brake shoe & key

 FIAT BOGIE:
 It is assembled in LHB coaches.
 Speed of 160-200 km/h.
 Helical flexible coil spring is used as suspension.
 H-type frame.
 Maximum fastener and rubber mounted silent blades.
 Cartridge Taper Roller Bearing.
 Mounted with disc brake system.
 18 suspensions on the coach.
 Anti roll bar suspension on coach.
AIR BRAKE AND COMPONENT REPAIR
SHOP

 Air brake:
The brake system in which compressed air is
used in the brake cylinder for the application of
brakes is called air brake.

Necessity to introduce the Air Brake in

rolling stock:

The existing vacuum brake had its own

limitations like brake fading, increased
application and release timings etc., in practice it
is not reliable for trains running in higher altitude
due to insufficient vacuum levels in brake van and
train engine.
So to overcome all these, it has became
necessary to introduce Air brake system to control
the speed of the train and to stop it within a
reasonable distance, irrespective of length, load of
the train distance covered and altitude of the train.
 Types of Air Brake System:-

1) Direct Release System :- (100.1 creation & drop of

pressure)

In direct release system, the brake cylinder

pressure cannot be reduced in steps by increasing
the brake pipe pressure in steps during release. The
brakes are released immediately, as soon as releasing
of brakes is initiated.

2) Graduated Release System:-

In this system the brake cylinder pressure

can be reduced gradually in steps in proportion
to the increase in brake pipe pressure.
NOTE: - In both types of the system brake application is directly
proportional to the reduction in brake pipe pressure.

There are two types of Graduated Release Air Brake:-

1) Single Pipe Air Brake System.

2) Twin Pipe Air Brake System.

1) Single Pipe Air Brake System: -

There is only one pipe called brake pipe running

from loco to the brake van in order to get
continuity of air for the application & release of
brakes.
1) At present running in goods stock. (Except
latest developed BOX-N HL, BCN HL wagons)
2) Releasing time is more45 to 60 sec.

Schematic illustration of single pipe braking system

Twin Pipe Air Brake System :-

a) In addition to brake pipe, there is one more pipe

 called feed pipe, running loco to the brake van
to charge the auxiliary reservoir
continuously to 6 kg/cm2.
b) At present running in coaching stock and also in
latest developed BOX-N HL, BCN HL wagons)
c) Releasing time is less 15 to 20 sec
 MAIN COMPONENTS OF AIR BRAKESYSTEM(SINGLE
PIPE):-

 Brake pipe - dia. 32 mm (for goods) & Pressure 5 kg/cm2.

 MU washer
  Palm Coupling
 Air Hose (Length: 660±omm)
 Cut Off Angle Cock
 Grip Seal Joint
 Branch Pipe (Dia.: 20 mm)
 Isolating Cock
 Dirt Collector
 Common Pipe Bracket
 Intermediate Piece
 Distributor Valve
 Control Reservoir
6 liter (Goods): 5 kg/cm2 2
9 liter (Coaching): 5 kg/cm
 Auxiliary Reservoir
100 liter (Goods): 5 kg/cm2
200 liter (Coaching): 6 kg/cm2
 Manual Release Handle
 Isolating Handle of DV
 Drain Cock in DV
 Branch Pipe for BC
 Isolating Cock for BC
 Brake Cylinder DIA - 355 mm (Pressure max.3.8 +0.1
kg/cm2)

Working Principle Of Air Brake System:

 Under normal conditions the Brake pipe is

charged with 5kg/cm2 from the loco.
 The control reservoir and the Auxiliary reservoir
are also charged with 5 kg/cm 2 from BP through
Distributor valve in case of single pipe system.
 In twin pipe system the auxiliary reservoir is
charged to 6 kg/cm2 through feed pipe.
 When the brake pipe is charged at 5 kg/cm 2 the
brake cylinder is connected to exhaust through
distributor valve in
Order to keep the brake in released position fully.
 Whenever the brake pipe pressure is reduced
below the CR pressure, the DV connects the
auxiliary reservoir with the brake cylinder and
the air from AR is sent into the brake cylinder
to apply the brake.
 Whenever the brake pipe pressure is equal to
CR pressure the DV disconnects the BC from
AR and in turn connects the BC with Exhaust
for the release of brakes fully.
 ROLLER BEARING SHOP

INTRODUCTION

In passenger coaches Indian Railway System, only single

bearing type axle arrangement is used, means only two bearing
are used to support the axle. The bearing used for this purpose
is of Spherical Type Roller Bearing.

CONSTRUCTION:

 Spherical roller bearing consist of an outer ring having a

spherical race way within which two rows of barrel shaped
rollers operate. These rollers are guided by an inner ring
with two raceway separated by center rib. This bearing has
self alignment.
 Spherical roller bearings have a large capacity for radial
loads, axle loads in either direction.
 Spherical roller bearing No.223336/C3 with 130 mm parallel
bore on the inner ring are being used on ICF type coaches.
They are directly shrunk fit on the axle journals. These roller
bearings are to be inspected periodically as per schedule.
TOOLS AND PLANTS FOR MAINTENANCE OF
ROLLER BEARING:

S.No Function Equipment used

.
1. Cleaning of roller bearing 3 stage cleaning plant
or pre wash, wash and
water rinsing.
2. Dismounting of spherical roller Hydraulic dismounting
bearings. equipment withdrawal
nut.
3. Mounting of roller bearings Induction heater with
demagnetizing device.
4. Securing of end locking bolts Torque wrench
5. Visual inspection of demounted Magnifying glass with
roller bearings light
6. Checking of radial clearance Long feeler gauge.
7. Measurement of journal Outside micrometer.
DISMOUNTING OF BEARING:-

 For dismounting of bearings, special hydraulic

dismounting equipment is used.
 This machine injects oil between the journal and bore to
the inner ring with high pressure which expands inner ring
resulting in breaking of Interference.
 The bearing becomes loose on the journal and slides over
it.
 The bearing is then removed from the journal and sent to
the cleaning plants.
 All components of bearing such as inner ring, outer ring,
rollers, and cage are examined for cracks, damage and
breakage.
 If bearing is found free from all the defects mentioned
above, the radial clearance is measured with feeler gauge.
 Radial clearance is not within prescribed limits, the
bearing is rejected.

INSPECTION OF OTHER ROLLER BEARING

COMPONENTS
The following components other than roller bearing
should be inspected during roller bearing maintenance in
the workshop.
1. Axle end holes 2. Collar
3. End locking plates 4. Felt ring
5. End locking bolts 6.Rear and Front Cover
7. Retaining Ring 8. Axle box housing
DEFECTS:

1) Rollers- 4) Locking stud loose or

broken
(a)Flaked 5) Roller seized
(b)Pitted 6) Over greasing
(c)Burn 7) Less grease
(d)Dented 8) Contaminated grease
(e)Excessive worn 9) Felt ring broken
(f)Smearing 10) Retainer ring broken
2) Cage broken 11) Excessive lateral play
3) Corrosion
 WATER SUPPLY AND PLUMBING
SHOP

 Introduction: - Earlier, the A.C. equipment such as

compressors, condenser, evaporators etc. in coaches
were mounted in the under frame. These are now getting
mounted in the roof which occupied the space
provided for overhead water tanks.

 Water supply types:

a) Overhead water supply.
b) Under slung water supply.

The latter supply system is used in AC-coaches.

 Overhead and Under-Slung Water Tanks : -

In roof mounted Ac coaches only a small overhead tank
with a capacity of about 50 liters is fitted over the ceiling of
each toilet from which pipe connections are taken for the
taps, in each of the toilets. Water is filled and stored in 4
larger capacity water tanks of cylindrical shape mounted on
the under frame, each having a capacity of 400 liters.
These tanks are called "Under-Slung Water Tanks".

 The need for Water Raising Apparatus : -

In the conventional overhead water tank system, the water
from the tank was supplied to the taps by gravitational
method. The water in under slung water tank however needs
to be pumped up to the smaller capacity overhead water
tanks continuously for the use of passengers, without
any interruption.

 Water Raising Apparatus: -

This is a small air compressor run by electrical motor. This
apparatus raises or pushes water from under-slung water
tank to the smaller overhead water tanks by using
compressed air, as and when the overhead tank needs to be
filled.
 Biodegradable Toilet System:

 Introduction:
The provision of biological toilet is being made in
passenger coaches to control pollution over station
& city area along with running track up to
destination by means of which toilet waste is
being biologically converted in to liquid form.
On trial basis it is provided in 23 newly
built coaches at RCF Kapurthala. All the 23
coaches are being used in Bundelkhand Express.
Advantages of Biodegradable Toilet:

1. The discharge from toilet is without fecal material. The

problem of dropping of night soil on tracks is thus totally
eliminated from these bio-toilets.
2. There is still one conventional toilet with normal
discharge system at each end of the coach. Hence, the
soiling of end walls of the coaches as well as under frame could
not be eliminated completely. But there is a decrease in the
accumulation of fecal muck on under frame and end walls of
the coach.
3. No perceptible foul smell was noticed in the bio-toilet
lavatories. Due to availability of water in P trap, the smell
is not coming back into the coach toilet.
Note:
The anaerobic bacteria which actions on fecal
material are “ANACULUM” .it transforms this
waste matter to CH4 and CO2.

COACH COMPONENT REPAIR SHOP

Draw Gear:
It is a vital component of rolling stock, which
is utilized to connect one rolling stock to
another to form a train & also to transmit draft
forces from engine to last vehicle.
It is located at both the ends in the centre of the
body under frame head stock.
Mainly two types of draft gear are being utilized in
Indian Railways.
i. Conventional Draft Gear
ii. Centre Buffer Coupler
Main components of conventional draw gears are as follows:

 Draft Hook.
 Draft Links
 Draft Key

 Draft Spring/Draft Pad.
 Cotter
 Washer
 Bent Pin ( U-Pin)
 Hexagonal Nut.
 Screw Coupling
 FUTURE PROSPECTS
Since the steam locomotive has been out of use , the load at loco workshop
has been reduced drastically & the workshop is at verge of being shut off.

The no. of employees in both loco and carriage workshop are more than
required .
 RFERENCE

http//indianrailway.com

http//nwreu.in

www.railwayworks.com

www.history of Indian railway.in

 CONCLUSION

My practical training at CENTRAL LOCO WORKSHOP helps me to fill the

gap between and theoretical aspects of engineering life.

The two main objectives of this practical training are-

First to get acquainted with the industrial life & secondly to prove our
worth to the management so that it may be beneficial in our life.

During this practical training we came to know the importance of

human relations in industrial life. The engineering is not any individual’s
job but it’s all about the team work. The better is your team the better will
be your efficiency.

It was a good opportunity to be in such a giant organization. The

Allotted 45 days period was insufficient; we tried our best to learn & get
equipped with tools which may stand by us in forthcoming industrial life.