P443-45 1420 PDF
P443-45 1420 PDF
P443-45 1420 PDF
KEY FEATURES
AREVA T&D
Protection Functions Overview
ANSI FEATURE P446 P443 P445
A B C A B C D A B C D
Optocoupled logic inputs 24 24 24 16 24 16 24 8 12 16 16
Relay output contacts 32 8 16 24 32 16 16 8 12 16 8
High Speed, 12 8 4 8 4
high break contacts
Tripping Mode - 1 or 3ph 3ph
single or three pole
Clockwise and Anticlockwise •
phase rotation
21P / 21G Distance Zones 5
Characteristics Phase: Mho and Quad Mho
Ground: Mho and Quad Mho and Quad
CVT Transient overreach
elimination •
Load Blinder •
Easy Setting mode •
Mutual compensation •
85 Communication-aided schemes,
PUTT, POTT, •
Blocking, Weak Infeed
Accelerated tripping -
Loss of Load, and •
Zone 1 extension
50 / 27 Switch on to Fault •
68 Power Swing Blocking •
78 Out of Step Tripping •
∆I / ∆V Delta Directional Comparison •
67N Directional Earth Fault (DEF) •
unit protection
50 / 51 / 67 Phase overcurrent stages 4
50N / 51N / 67N Earth/ground overcurrent stages 4
67 / 46 Negative sequence overcurrent 4
46BC Broken conductor •
49 Thermal protection •
27 Undervoltage protection stages 2
59 Overvoltage protection stages 2
59N Residual voltage protection 2
stages
50BF High speed breaker fail •
CTS / VTS Current and Voltage •
Transformer supervision
79 Autoreclose - shots supported 4
25 Check synchronism •
No. of Breakers controlled 1 or 2 1 1
Alternative setting groups 4
FL Fault Locator •
Fault Records 15
SOE Event Records 512
Disturbance recorder, 48
samples per cycle
Circuit Breaker condition monitor •
Graphical Programmable •
Scheme Logic (PSL)
IRIG-B time synchronism (•)
InterMiCOM teleprotection (•)
2>3 Key (•) : denotes optional
FUNCTIONAL OVERVIEW DIAGRAM
BUS
I
LINE
V
Vref
27/
59N FL 50BF VTS 85 79 25 PSL LEDs
LINE 59
Neutral current
(if present) conventional protection
from parallel line
Inter MiCOM always P443 & P446 P446 Distance Relays
communication optional
X
signalling
available only only P443,P445 & P446
BUS
(Description of ANSI code nos. see protection Functions Overview)
Figure 1
P443 / P446 User interface
Directional
The trip time is typically 0.7 to 1 cycle for the P443 &
(forward) P446, and 1 to 1.3 cycle for the P445.
Zone P
(reverse) > High Speed - High Break Contacts
The trip times shown in Figures 3 and 4 relate to a
Zone 4 P443 with standard relay contacts, and fully include
the contact closure time.
When fitted with High Speed-High Break (HSHB)
contacts, all trip times are reduced by 3 to 4ms. The trip
Figure 2 Mho characteristics
time for P443 becomes 0.5 to 0.85 cycle.
HSHB contacts easily rupture repetitive shots of 10A
trip or close coil currents.
Figure 3 P443 Example Min-Max Timing Contour, 50Hz, SIR=5
50Hz, SIR = 5
> Power Swing Blocking (PSB)
The MiCOMho recognizes power swings quickly, by
means of the superimposed currents measured by the
40 phase selector.
Performance:
Subcycle up
The PSB does not require any impedance band or
to 75% Reach timers to be set.
30
The technique is essentially “Settings-Free”, and
without any load encroachment issues.
20
60Hz, SIR = 5
Zone 3
Zone P (fwd)
40 Zone 2
Performance: Zone 1
30 Subcycle up
to 75% Reach
Directional
(forward)
20 Zone P
(Reverse)
10 Zone 4
Offset Reverse Z3
MiCOMho P446 :
A full-scheme distance relay with subcycle
technology, suitable for dual breaker 1/3 ph
4>5
reclosing applications, 2 x c/s included.
MAIN PROTECTION SCHEMES > InterMiCOM (optional)
InterMiCOM allows high performance permissive and
Pre-configured distance schemes allow single and blocking type unit protection to be configured, plus
three phase tripping with or without a signalling transfer of any digital status information between line
channel. ends. Intertripping is supported too, with channel
health monitoring and cyclic redundancy checks (CRC)
• Basic scheme logic for stand alone operation
on the received data for maximum message security.
(without a signalling channel).
• Trip on Close logic allows accelerated tripping to be InterMiCOM provides eight end-end signals, assignable
selected following manual, or auto-reclose. to any function within a MiCOM relay's programmable
logic. Default failsafe states can be set in case of
channel outage.
CARRIER AIDED SCHEME
INCLUDE: Two physical formats for InterMiCOM are possible:
• EIA (RS) 232 for MODEM links
• Direct transfer tripping • InterMiCOM64 at 56/64kbit/s for direct fiber or
• Permissive underreach scheme (PUR) multiplexed links.
• Permissive overreach (POR) with open breaker,
weak infeed echo logic and weak infeed trip feature InterMiCOM64 additionally includes support for
• Blocking scheme 3-terminal applications, employing the same
• User-defined custom schemes communications topology as in successful LFCB and
P540 series products. 850nm fiber communication is
The relay provides two independent teleprotection used to interface to multiplexers in IEEE C37.94 format
schemes each using a separate communication (and to G.703, V.35 and X.21 via P590 interfaces).
channel. The distance, directional and DEF functions 1300nm channel options are used for direct fiber
are thus flexible in configuration, to operate in shared teleprotection. In 3-terminal schemes, the
channel logic or in discrete modes. communications are self-healing if one leg of the
triangulation fails.
> Delta Directional Comparison (P443 & P446 only) End-end transfer time of permissive or blocking scheme
Superimposed voltage and current signals are used to data is typically just 5ms for InterMiCOM64.
make highly-secure fault directional decisions.
The respective forward/reverse decisions at each line
end can be used in a teleprotection scheme, for full line BACKUP PROTECTION
unit protection as proven in the LFDC product.
The advantage is a channel send even faster than for > Overcurrent Protection
distance aided schemes. Four stages of both phase and earth (ground) fault
protection are provided with a choice of standard IDMT
> Directional Earth Fault (DEF) curves (Figure 7). Negative sequence overcurrent is
The DEF element can be used within the aided also available.
schemes to detect high resistance ground faults.
The innovative "Virtual Current Polarizing" feature even > Voltage Protection
ensures correct operation when the fault generates Phase under and overvoltage protection functions are
negligible zero or negative sequence voltage. available in addition to residual overvoltage and
Traditional relays would have required an extra compensated overvoltage.
CT input to cover this scenario - not required for the
MiCOMho. > Broken Conductor
This protection detects the percentage phase
Figure 6 Load blinder unbalance due to an open phase condition.
10
time (s)
10
UK LTI
> Power system measurements
IEC SI 1
1
IEEE MI Instantaneous and time integrated voltage, current and
IEEE VI
IEC VI
power measurements are provided. These may be
US CO2
US CO8
viewed in primary, or secondary values.
IEC EI
IEEE EI
0.1 0.1
1 10 100 1 10 100
Current (Multiples of Is) Current (Multiples of Is)
Figure 8 PSL Editor (MiCOM S1)
TMS 0.025 to 1.2 TD 0.01 to 100
0.14
IEC Standard inverse t = TMS x IEEE Moderately inverse
0.02
( ) -1
I
Is t = TD x
0.0515
0.02
+ 0.114
( ) -1
I
Is
13.5
IEC Very inverse t = TMS x IEEE Very inverse
( ) -1
I
Is t = TD x
19.61
2
+ 0.491
( ) -1
I
Is
80
IEC Extremely inverse t = TMS x IEEE Extremely inverse
2
( )-1I
Is t = TD x
28.2
2 + 0.1217
( ) -1
I
Is
6>7
POST FAULT ANALYSIS REMOTE AUXILIARY
COMMUNICATIONS
> Fault location
A fault location algorithm provides distance to fault in The wide range of communication options, including
miles, kilometres, ohms or percentage of the line length. IEC 61850, provides interfacing to almost any type of
The proven algorithm used tolerates pre-fault loading Substation Automation System or SCADA system.
and fault arc resistance.
Two auxiliary communication ports are available; a rear
> Event records port providing remote communications and a front port
Up to 512 time-tagged event records are stored in providing local communications. An additional, second
battery backed memory. rear port can be ordered as an option.
> Fault records Any of the following listed rear port protocols can be
chosen at the time of ordering.
The last 15 faults are stored :
• Indication of the faulted phase • Courier/K-Bus
• Fault location (distance to fault) • IEC 61850 (P443 and P446 only)
P443 relays are housed in full 80TE cases, for 19” rack
> CB State monitoring
or flush mounting.
An alarm will be generated if there is a discrepancy
between the open and closed CB auxiliary contacts. P445 hardware A is housed in a narrow 40TE (8”) case
to retrofit in any compact or vertical case footprints.
> Circuit breaker condition monitoring P445 hardware B, C and D are supplied in 60TE (12”)
• Monitoring the number of breaker trip operations case width.
MiCOM is a registered trademark of AREVA. All trade names or trademarks mentioned herein whether registered or not, are the property of their owners. - 389191982 RCS PARIS - Printed in France - SONOVISION-ITEP
AUTOMATION-L3-P443/45/46-BR-07.08-1828b-GB - © - AREVA - 2008. AREVA, the AREVA logo and any alternative version thereof are trademarks and service marks of AREVA.
AREVA T&D Worldwide Contact Centre: Our policy is one of continuous development. Accordingly the
http://www.areva-td.com/contactcentre/ design of our products may change at any time. Whilst every
effort is made to produce up to date literature, this brochure
Tel.: +44 (0) 1785 250 070 should only be regarded as a guide and is intended for
information purposes only. Its contents do not constitute an offer
for sale or advise on the application of any product referred to in
www.areva-td.com it. We cannot be held responsible for any reliance on any
decisions taken on its contents without specific advice.
www.areva-td.com/protectionrelays