User Manual: & Product Guide

FREE
User Manual
& Product Guide
002-950
Contents
PRODUCT GUIDE
Our Epoxies 4
The 105 System 6
Resin 8
Hardener 9
Fillers 10
Additives 12
Metering Pumps 13
Reinforcing Materials 14
Application Tools 15
Specialty Items 16
Skin Protection 17
Instruction 18
USER MANUAL
Epoxy Handling 21
Basic Techniques 28
Problem Solver 40
Product Guide
User Manual
& Product Guide
WEST SYSTEM Epoxy is a versatile, high-quality, Why WEST SYSTEM Epoxy?

two-part epoxy that is easily modified for a wide All epoxies are not created equal. Epoxy brands can vary widely in
range of coating and adhesive applications. It is their formulations, quality of raw materials and their suitability for
used for construction and repairs requiring superior marine environments. It’s easy to market an off-the-shelf industrial
moisture resistance and high strength. It bonds to epoxy product as a marine epoxy,
fiberglass, wood, metal, plastics, fabrics, and other or formulate an epoxy with one
or two favorable characteris-
composite materials, and is especially suited for Safety Toughness
tics, while sacrificing other
marine applications.
important characteristics. Moisture
Resistance
Fatigue
Resistance
This manual is designed to help you become It’s much more difficult Epoxy
familiar with WEST SYSTEM products and use
Performance Properties
Strength Thermal
balancing all of the physical
them effectively. and mechanical properties
necessary for a versatile, high- Handling Creep
• The User Manual provides information about safety, Characteristics Resistance
quality marine epoxy. Defining
handling and the basic techniques of epoxy use. an epoxy’s performance criteria, Flexibility Cost
Understanding these basic techniques will allow you and designing a formula to meet
to tailor WEST SYSTEM products to your exact repair those criteria requires good chem-
and construction needs. These techniques are used istry, rigorous test programs, skillful shop work and direct experience
in a wide range of repair and building procedures with today’s high-performance boats and other composite structures.
such as those described in detail in WEST SYSTEM
instructional publications and DVDs. Reliability and Performance
• The Problem Solver will help you identify and WEST SYSTEM Epoxy was created by Gougeon Brothers–sailors,
prevent potential problems associated with builders and formulators who know the engineering and the chemistry
using epoxy. required for high-performance composite structures. We have main-
tained that performance driven development of marine epoxies since
• The Product Guide gives you complete descriptions the company was founded in 1969, continually formulating, testing
of WEST SYSTEM products, including selection and and improving WEST SYSTEM Resins and Hardeners and developing
coverage guides to help you choose the most appro- specialty epoxies to produce the most reliable and well-balanced
priate products and product sizes for your project. epoxy systems available.
Our resin and hardener formulas, ingredients and combinations are
WEST SYSTEM products are available from quality
tested to compare fatigue strength, compression strength, glass tran-
marine chandleries and hardware outlets in many
sition temperature, and peak exotherm. Qualified samples undergo
areas. For the name of the WEST SYSTEM dealer additional tests for hardness, tensile strength, tensile elongation,
nearest you, or for additional technical, product, or tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, heat deflection
safety information contact Gougeon Brothers, Inc. or temperature, impact resistance and moisture exclusion effective-
visit westsystem.com ness. This level of testing ensures that any change in a formula
WEST SYSTEM User Manual & Product Guide || 1
Product Guide
will improve one or more of a product’s characteristics without diminishing

any characteristics.
As an ISO 9001 certified company, Gougeon Brothers has numerous proto-
cols in place to ensure the quality of every batch of epoxy we make. We are
dedicated to providing the highest quality product to meet the standards our
customers expect.
Comprehensive Testing
Good science and comprehensive testing are essential not only for the develop-
ment of improved epoxy formulations, but also for the development of much better
construction and repair methods. In addition to the tests conducted to support
in-house product development, our materials test lab also conducts testing to
support our outside builders, designers, and government organizations in the engi-
neering of epoxy composite structures.
Aside from performing a battery of standard ASTM tests, we have developed
new testing methods to evaluate adhesives and composites. Some of these
tests, like our patented Hydromat Panel test, have become industry standards.
This test uses a special fixture in one of the lab’s MTS™ test machines to
simulate the pressure loads a section of a hull would endure in a lifetime on
the water. In 1999, the American Society for Testing and Materials approved
the Hydromat test as an official ASTM standard (D6416). This unique testing
program is used by designers and builders around the world to evaluate various
combinations of sandwich composite materials and epoxy formulations and
ultimately build lighter, stronger, safer structures.
The information provided by a comprehensive test program, along with our own
building experience, and feedback from our customers contributes to a data
base on epoxies and epoxy composites that has been growing since 1969. This
knowledge is invaluable for achieving the proper balance of properties required
for a versatile, high-quality marine epoxy, and assures that the building and
repair information provided by Gougeon Brothers is up-to-date and reliable.
Technical Support
To help you make the most of WEST SYSTEM Epoxy’s balanced performance and
versatility, Gougeon Brothers provides you with one other important ingre-
dient—knowledge. Whether your project is large or small, WEST SYSTEM tech-
nical publications and videos offered in this guide provide detailed procedures
and instructions for specific repair and construction applications.
We are always interested in your views and welcome suggestions about our
products and service. We encourage you to call or write with comments on
WEST SYSTEM products and their use. Gougeon Brothers, Inc.
P.O. Box 908
For the most current product selection visit westsystem.com
Bay City, MI 48707 USA
Because Gougeon Brothers, Inc. cannot control how its products will be used, it makes no warranties, 866-937-8797
either expressed or implied, including no warranties of merchantability and fitness for purpose intended.
Gougeon Brothers, Inc. will not be liable for incidental or consequential damages. westsystem.com
2 || WEST SYSTEM User Manual & Product Guide

Product Guide
Good science
and compre-
hensive testing
are essential
for the devel-
opment and
improvement of
epoxy formu-
lations, and for
the develop-
ment of much
better construc-
tion and repair
methods.

Product Guide
Our Epoxies
Based on 105 Epoxy Resin, G/flex Epoxy is an Six10 Adhesive gives G/5 Five-Minute Adhe-
West System Epoxy is a versatile easy-to-use, toughened you the strength and sive is an easy-to-use
low-viscosity epoxy system. It is epoxy designed to make reliability of a two-part epoxy for quick repairs
used for boat building, composite structural bonds that WEST SYSTEM Epoxy and general bonding.
construction and repairs that absorb the stresses of with the convenience of It is a durable, water
require high-strength, waterproof extraordinary expan- a single part product. resistant adhesive that
coating, bonding, and filling. It sion, contraction, shock, Six10 is dispensed with bonds to most mate-
readily wets out fabrics and porous and vibration. Excellent a standard caulking rials. Use it for making
materials, and is easily modified for adhesive properties gun. Non-sagging Six10 jigs and fixtures quickly.
a wide range of working conditions allow you to glue a wide bonds tenaciously to An exceptionally strong
and applications. West System range of materials. wood, metals, fiberglass and cost effective five-
Epoxy is the world’s most reliable and concrete. minute epoxy.
and widely used marine epoxy.

Product Guide
G/flex® Epoxy Repair Kits

G/flex Epoxies are toughened, resilient two-part
epoxies engineered for a superior grip to metals, 105-K Fiberglass Boat Repair Kit
plastics, glass, masonry, fiberglass, and wet and Repair cracks and scrapes, gelcoat blisters,
difficult-to-bond woods. Make structural bonds loose hardware, delaminated decks and
that absorb the stresses of expansion, contraction, panels, damaged keels and holes up to 1"
shock and vibration. Easy-to-use 1:1 mix ratio gives diameter in solid laminates up to ¼"-thick and
you 46 minute pot life and a long open, or working, smaller holes in thicker laminates. Includes
time of 75 minutes at 72°F. Reaches an initial cure complete, illustrated instructions.
in 3–4 hours and a workable cure in 7–10 hours. 105-K 1 Kit.
Available in two consistencies:
650-K Aluminum Boat Repair Kit
G/flex 650 Epoxy is a versatile easi- Repair the most common problem with
ly-modified liquid epoxy. It is packaged in the aluminum boats and canoes—leaking
Aluminum Boat Repair Kit or individually. seams and rivets. Includes complete, illus-
650-8 4 fl oz resin, 4 fl oz hardener. trated instructions.
650-32 16 fl oz resin, 16 fl oz hardener.
Larger sizes available. 650-K 1 Kit.
G/flex 655 Epoxy Adhesive is a conve- 655-K Plastic Boat Repair Kit
nient pre-thickened epoxy. It is packaged in Repair splits, cracks and small holes in
the Plastic Boat Repair Kit or individually. plastic canoes, kayaks and other small boats.
655-8 4.2 fl oz resin, 4.2 fl oz hardener. Includes instructions for patching air leaks,
655-2QT 1 qt resin, 1 qt hardener. re-bonding attachment points, repairing
655-2G 1 gal resin, 1 gal hardener. delaminated transoms and damaged floors in
Larger sizes available. inflatable boats. Includes complete, illus-
trated instructions.
Six10® Epoxy Adhesive
A two-part thickened epoxy adhesive in a conve- 655-K 1 Kit.
nient, self-metering cartridge. For permanent,
101 Handy Repair Pack
waterproof, structural gap-filling and gluing. Bonds
Everything you need to complete small repairs
to wood, fiberglass, metals and masonry. With
around the boat, shop or home. The Handy
the included 600 Static Mixer attached you can
Repair Pack contains two WEST SYSTEM 105
dispense fully mixed adhesive right where you need
Epoxy Resin/205 Fast Hardener packets, and
it using a standard caulking gun. Trim the mixer tip
enough adhesive filler to complete a variety of
to suit your job. A 1/8" diameter tip opening will give
coating and bonding operations. Also included
you a bead of adhesive about a 40’ long. Working
are a 2"×10" piece of 9 oz fiberglass tape
time is 42 minutes at 72°F, cures to a solid in 5–6
(useful for patching, reinforcing or abrasion
hours and takes high loads in 24 hours.
resistance), an application brush, mixing stick,
610 190 ml resin/hardener cartridge. pipe cleaner, two cleaning pads and complete
600-2 Static Mixers only, 2 ea.
instructions. The components can be mixed in
600-12 Static Mixers only, 12 ea.
the disposable package.
G/5® Five-Minute Adhesive 101 1 Kit.
An easy to use, fast curing epoxy system for
quick repairs, tooling and general bonding. It 101-T Resin/Hardener Packets
is a strong, water resistant adhesive that can 101-T Six resin/hardener packets only. Each
be thickened as necessary with WEST SYSTEM pre-measured packet contains 16g of 105
fillers. Bonds to wood, fiberglass and metal. Resin and 3.2g of 205 Fast Hardener (19.2g
1:1 mixture, no pumps are required. Cures in or 0.56 fl oz of mixed epoxy).
3-5 minutes at 72°F. 101-T Pack of 6.
Larger sizes available.
Product Guide
The 105 System

West System Epoxy products make up a versatile epoxy
system that can be used for everything from basic long-lasting
repairs to the construction of high-performance composites.
West System Epoxy will cure to a high-strength plastic solid at 72°F, when
you mix specific proportions of liquid epoxy resin and hardener. This plastic
adheres to a wide range of materials, making it ideal for projects that require
water and chemical resistance, and strong physical properties for structural
bonding. Select from a range of hardeners and additives that allow you to
tailor the mixture’s handling characteristics and cured physical properties to
suit your working conditions and specific coating or bonding application.

Product Guide
HARDENERS page 9
EPOXY RESIN CLEAR COATING and CLEAR FIBERGLASSING
page 8
1
Special Clear
Hardener
™
APPLYING FIBERGLASS Start with 105 Epoxy Resin,
the basic ingredient of all
SEALING and BARRIER COATING WEST SYSTEM Epoxy
GLUING TIGHT JOINTS and LAMINATING compounds. Use 300 Mini
Pumps for convenient and
METERING accurate metering.
PUMPS Microlight
®
FILLERS page 10
2
page 13 Lowest Weight
Mix with one of four WEST
SURFACE SYSTEM hardeners.
Extra Slow Low-Density FILLING Select a hardener for
Hardener
™
Light Structural its intended use and

for the cure speed best
Colloidal Silica suited for your job in the
Slow General Structural temperature range in
Hardener
®
which you are working.

Filleting Blend
Wood Toned
3
GLUING Add one of six WEST
Fast and GAP SYSTEM fillers to thicken
Hardener
® High-Density FILLING
High Load the mixture as needed.
Select a filler for its
handling characteristics or
Microfibers
General Wood cured physical properties.
Or, add one of four WEST
SYSTEM additives to
Pigment provide specific coating
Pigmented Undercoat
ADDITIVES page 12 properties.
Graphite Powder
Low-friction
SPECIAL
Barrier Coat
™
COATING
Blister Resistance
Aluminum Powder
Abrasion Resistance
PRODUCTS APPLICATIONS
Instruction Reinforcing Materials

We offer a range of detailed publications that can help Whether repairing a fiberglass boat or building a
For excellent results, in addition you get started. Our publications include manuals on wooden canoe, reinforcing materials are an important
Fiberglass Boat Repair and Maintenance, Wooden Boat part of many building and repair projects.
to proper product selection, it is Restoration and Repair, and Boat construction. We also (See detailed reinforcing descriptions on page 14)
important to know best practices offer a How-To DVD which covers everything from basic
epoxy handling to advanced epoxy repair techniques. Skin Protection
for epoxy use, know how to (See detailed publication descriptions on page 18) Our personal protective clothing is made out of
microporous film laminate material which provides a
use epoxy safely and have the Application Tools superior combination of strength, barrier protection,
Roller covers, mixing sticks, mixing cups and plastic and breathability.
proper tools for your project. spreaders are just a few of the tools we offer that (See detailed skin protection descriptions on page 17)
make working with epoxy easier.
(See detailed tool descriptions on page 15)

Product Guide
Resin
105 Epoxy Resin®
105 Resin is a clear, low-viscosity liquid epoxy resin. Formulated for use with WEST SYSTEM Epoxy resin and hardeners
are packaged in three “Group Sizes.” For
one of four WEST SYSTEM hardeners, it can be cured in a wide temperature
each container size of resin, there is a
range to form a high-strength solid with excellent moisture resistance. corresponding sized container of hardener.
105 Epoxy Resin, when mixed at the proper ratio with a WEST SYSTEM hard- When purchasing resin and hardener, be sure
both containers are labeled with the same
ener, is an excellent adhesive. It is designed specifically to wet out and bond to
Group Size letter (A, B or C).
wood fiber, fiberglass, reinforcing fabrics, foam other composite materials, and
a variety of metals. 105 Resin-based epoxy will bridge gaps and fill voids when
modified with WEST SYSTEM fillers and can be sanded and shaped when cured.
Estimated Epoxy Coverage for Fabric Application
With roller applications, it has excellent thin film characteristics, allowing Below is an estimation of how much epoxy is needed wet
it to flow out and self-level without “fish-eyeing.” Multiple coats of a 105 out 1 sq. ft. of fiberglass cloth and apply two fill coats.
epoxy create a superior moisture barrier and a tough, stable base for paints
Fabric Product Number Fabric weight Mixed Epoxy Needed
and varnishes. (see page 24) per yd2
105 Resin is formulated without volatile solvents and does not shrink after 740 4 oz 1.4 fl. oz.
curing. It has a relatively high flash point and no strong solvent odor, making it 742 6 oz 1.61 fl. oz.
safer to work with than polyester or vinylester resins. Resin viscosity is approxi-
729, 731, 732, 733 9 oz 1.94 fl. oz.
mately 1000 centipoise (cP) at 72°F (22°C).
745 10 oz 2.05 fl. oz.
Refer to the Hardener Selection Guide for the most appropriate hardener for
727, 737 17 oz 2.81 fl. oz.
your application.
738 23.8 oz 3.55 fl. oz.
* Includes 15% waste factor.
PACKAGE SIZE/QUANTITY COATING COVERAGE

Saturation coat Buildup coats
Resin/Hardener Group Resin Quantity Hardener Quantity Mixed quantity porous surfaces non-porous surfaces
205-A or 206-A
1.2 qt (1.15 L) 90–105 ft2 120–135 ft2
.43 pt (206 ml)
2.87 lb (8.5–10m2) (11–12.5 m2)
105-A .47 lb
1 qt (946 ml)
2.40 lb 207-SA or 209-SA
1.3 qt (1.26 L) 90–105 ft2 120–135 ft2
.66 pt (315 ml)
3.1 lb (9–10 m2) (11–13 m2)
.70 lb
205-B or 206-B
1.2 gal (4.55 L) 350–405 ft2 462–520 ft2
.86 qt (814 ml)
11.36 lb (32–37 m2) (43–48 m2)
105-B 1.86 lb
.98 gal (3.74 L)
9.50 lb 207-SB or 209-SB
1.3 gal (4.98 L) 370–430 ft2 490–550 ft2
1.32 qt (1.23 L)
12.25 lb (35–40 m2) (45–50 m2)
2.75 lb
205-C or 206-C
5.29 gal (20 L) 1530–1785 ft2 2040–2300 ft2
.94 gal (3.58 L)
50.02 lb (142–165 m2) (190–213 m2)
105-C 8.20 lb
4.35 gal (16.47 L)
41.82 lb 207-SC or 209-SC
5.8 gal (21.9 L) 1675–1955 ft2 2235–2520 ft2
1.45 gal (5.49 L)
53.82 lb (155–180 m2) (207–233 m2)
12.0 lb

Product Guide
Hardener
Hardener Selection HARDENER TEMPERATURE RANGE (°F) CURE SPEEDS at room temp.*
Guide USES
HARDENER Room Temperature WORKING CURE TO
Select a hardener for its Resin/Hardener
POT LIFE TIME SOLID
intended use and for the 40� 50� 60� 70� 80� 90� 100� 100g cupful thin film thin film
cure speed best suited
for your job in the tem- Fast cure—General bonding, fabric 9–12 60–70 6–8
205 application and barrier coating minutes minutes hours
perature range in which
you are working. Slow cure—General bonding, fabric 20–25 90–110 10–15
206 application and barrier coating minutes minutes hours
Extra Slow cure—General bonding, 40–50 3–4 20–24

209 fabric application, barrier coating minutes hours hours
Clear fabric application, clear 20–26 100–120 10–15

207 coating and general bonding. minutes minutes hours
*Epoxy cures faster in warmer temperatures and in thicker applications—Epoxy cures slower in cooler temperatures and in thinner applications.
205 Fast Hardener® 206 Slow Hardener® 207 Special Clear Hardener™
205 Fast Hardener is formulated for general 206 Slow Hardener is formulated for general 207 Special Clear Hardener was developed
coating and bonding applications at lower coating and bonding applications when for coating and fiberglass cloth application
temperatures and to produce a rapid cure extended working and cure time are needed where an exceptionally clear, moisture-resis-
that develops its physical properties quickly or to provide adequate working time at higher tant, clear carbon fiber or natural wood finish
at room temperature. 105/205 forms a high- temperatures. 105/206 forms a high-strength, is desired. 207 Hardener will not blush or turn
strength, moisture-resistant solid with excellent moisture-resistant solid with excellent bonding cloudy in humid conditions. Thin film appli-
bonding and barrier coating properties. Not and barrier coating properties. Not intended cations roll out and tip off smoothly, requiring
intended for clear coating. for clear coating. less sanding in preparation for finish coatings.
Mix ratio 5 parts resin : 1 part hardener Mix ratio 5 parts resin : 1 part hardener Professional and first-time builders like 207
Pot life at 72°F (22°C) 9 to 12 min. Pot life at 72°F (22°C) 20 to 25 min. because it is reliable and easy to use. Three
Cure to a solid state 6 to 8 hrs Cure to a solid state 10 to 15 hrs
Cure to working strength 1 to 4 days Cure to working strength 1 to 4 days
coats or more can be applied in one day
Min. recommended temp. 40°F (4°C) Min. recommended temp. 60°F (16°C) without additional surface preparation. Fewer
coats are required to fill fiberglass weave and
209 Extra Slow Hardener™ in most cases the final coating can be sanded
Storage/Shelf Life 209 Extra Slow Hardener is formulated for the following day. Builders also appreciate the
Store at room temperature. Keep general coating and bonding applications in excellent fiberglass wet-out characteristics
containers closed to prevent
extremely warm and/or humid conditions or achieved with 105/207, yet it won’t drain from
contamination. With proper storage,
resin and hardeners should remain when extended working time is desired at room vertical surfaces like the very slow curing,
usable for many years. After a temperature. Provides approximately twice the low-viscosity epoxies.
long storage, verify the metering working time of 206 Slow Hardener. 105/209
105/207 has strong physical properties, so it
accuracy of the pumps. Mix a small forms a high-strength, moisture-resistant solid
test batch to assure proper curing. can be used as a structural adhesive for gluing
with excellent bonding and barrier coating
Over time, 105 Resin will thicken
and laminating. It has excellent compatibility
properties. Not intended for clear coating.
slightly and will therefore require with paints and varnishes. An ultraviolet
extra care when mixing. Repeated Mix ratio 3 parts resin : 1 part hardener inhibitor in 207 helps provide a beautiful, long
freeze/thaw cycles during storage Pot life at 72°F (22°C) 40 to 50 min
lasting finish when used with quality UV-fil-
may cause crystallization of 105 at 95°F (35°C) 15 to 20 min
Cure to a solid state tering top coat.
Resin. Warm resin to 125°F and stir
to dissolve crystals. at 72°F (22°C) 20 to 24 hrs Mix ratio 3 parts resin : 1 part hardener
at 95°F (35°C) 6 to 8 hrs Pot life at 72°F (22°C) 20 to 26 min
Hardeners may darken with age, but
Cure to working strength Cure to a solid state 10 to 15 hrs
physical properties are not affected
at 72°F (22°C) 4 to 9 days Cure to working strength 1 to 4 days
by color. If clear finishing, be aware
Min. recommended temp. 70°F (21°C) Min. recommended temp. 60°F (16°C)
of a possible color shift if very old
and new hardeners are used on the WEST SYSTEM User Manual & Product Guide || 9
same project.
Product Guide
Fillers
Adhesive Fillers Fairing Fillers
403 Microfibers 405 Filleting Blend 407 Low-Density
403 Microfibers, a fine fiber blend, is used as a This strong, wood-toned filler is good for 407 Low-Density Filler is a blended
thickening additive that builds volume quickly and use in glue joints and fillets on natural- microballoon-based filler used to make
blends easily to create a multipurpose adhesive, ly-finished wood. It mixes easily with fairing putties that are easy to sand or
especially for bonding wood. Epoxy thickened with epoxy and has good gap-filling proper- carve. Reasonably strong on a strength-
Microfibers has good gap-filling qualities while ties. It cures to a dark brown color, and to-weight basis. Cures to a dark red/
retaining excellent wetting/penetrating capability. can be used to modify the color of other brown color.
Cures to an off-white color. WEST SYSTEM fillers.
404 High-Density 406 Colloidal Silica 410 Microlight®

404 High-Density Filler is a thickening 406 Colloidal Silica is a thickening additive used to 410 Microlight is the ideal low-density filler
additive developed for maximum physical control the viscosity of the epoxy and prevent epoxy for creating a light, easily-worked fairing
properties in hardware bonding where runoff in vertical and overhead joints. 406 is a very compound especially suited for fairing large
high-cyclic loads are anticipated. It can strong filler that creates a smooth mixture, ideal for areas. Microlight mixes with greater ease
also be used for filleting and gap-filling general bonding and filleting. It is also our most versatile than 407 Low-Density Filler or microbal-
where maximum strength is necessary. filler. Often used in combination with other fillers, it can loons and is approximately 30% easier to
Cures to an off-white color. be used to improve the strength, abrasion resistance, and sand. It feathers to a fine edge and is also
consistency of fairing compounds, resulting in a tougher, more economical for large fairing jobs. Not
smoother surface. Cures to an off-white color. recommended under dark paint or other
surfaces subject to high temperatures.
Cures to a light tan color.

Product Guide
Fillers are used to thicken the basic resin/hardener mixture for specific
applications. Each filler possesses a unique set of physical characteristics,
but they can be generally categorized as either Adhesive (high-density) or
Fairing (low-density).
Filler Selection Guide

ADHESIVE FILLERS FAIRING FILLERS
Highest Density Lowest Density
Uses—Use description—desired characteristics Highest Strength Easiest Sanding
(Resin/Hardener mixture thickened with a Filler)
404 406 403 405 407 410
High-Density Colloidal Silica Microfibers Filleting Blend Low-Density Microlight®
Bonding Hardware—Increased fastener interface and hardware
load capability—maximum strength
   
General Bonding—Join parts with epoxy thickened to create a
structural gap filler—strength/gap filling
    
Bonding with Fillets—Increase joint bonding area and create a
structural brace between parts—smoothness/strength
    
Laminating—Bond layers of wood strips, veneers, planks, sheets
and cores—gap filling/strength
    
Fairing—Fill low areas and voids with an easily sanded surface
filler/fairing compound—sandability/gap filling
 
Filler suitability for various uses: =excellent, =very good, =good, =fair, (no stars)=not recommended.
Filler Buying Guide

Quantity of Mixed Epoxy Required for:
Filler Package Size catsup mayonnaise peanut butter Adhesive fillers are suitable for most
consistency consistency consistency
bonding situations especially high-density
403-9 6.0 oz 3.8 qt 2.5 qt 1.0 qt
materials like hardwoods and metals. Adhe-
403-28 20.0 oz 3.2 gal 2.0 gal .9 gal
sive filler mixtures cure to a strong, hard-to-
403-B 20.0 lb 48.0 gal 32.0 gal 15.3 gal
sand plastic useful in structural applications
404-15 15.2 oz 1.2 qt .9 qt .7 qt
like bonding, filleting and hardware bonding.
404-45 43.0 oz 3.6 qt 2.8 qt 2.0 qt
404-B 30.0 lb 9.4 gal 7.4 gal 5.3 gal
Fairing filler mixtures cure to light, easily
405 11.0 oz .8 qt .6 qt .5 qt
sandable material that is generally used
406-2 1.7 oz 1.3 qt .9 qt .5 qt for cosmetic or surface applications like
406-7 5.5 oz 1.1 gal 3.0 qt 1.7 qt
shaping, filling or fairing. Seal all faired
406-B 10.0 lb 27.0 gal 16.0 gal 6.0 gal
surfaces with epoxy before painting.
407-5 4.0 oz .5 qt .4 qt .3 qt
407-15 12.0 oz 1.7 qt 1.3 qt 1.0 qt
General use filler selection may be
407-B 14.0 lb 6.0 gal 4.8 gal 3.7 gal
based on the handling characteristics you
410-2 2.0 oz 1.2 qt .9 qt .7 qt
prefer. Fillers may also be blended to create
410-7 5.0 oz 3.0 qt 2.4 qt 1.8 qt
mixtures with intermediate characteristics.
410-B 4.0 lb 8.9 gal 7.2 gal 5.6 gal
Estimates based on 72°F. More filler/less epoxy may be required at higher temperatures.

Product Guide
Additives
Additives are blended with mixed epoxy to alter the
physical properties of epoxy when used as a coating.
Additives can be used to alter the color, abrasion
resistance or moisture resistance of cured epoxy.
420 Aluminum Powder 423 Graphite Powder 422 Barrier Coat Color Pigments
420 Aluminum Powder will 423 Graphite Powder is a fine Additive™ WEST SYSTEM pigments are
increase the hardness and black powder that can be mixed A proprietary blend designed to epoxy-based liquid colorants
abrasion resistance of the coated with WEST SYSTEM epoxy to improve cured epoxy’s mois- used to tint the epoxy mixture
surface and improve its moisture produce a low-friction exterior ture-exclusion effectiveness. to provide an even color base
resistance. 420 provides limited coating with increased scuff 422 is used as a barrier coating for the final finish system. The
protection from ultraviolet light in resistance and durability. Epoxy/ additive to help prevent gelcoat colored surfaces also tend to
areas that will not be protected graphite is commonly used as blistering in polyester fiberglass highlight flaws and imperfections.
with other coatings and can be a low-load, low-speed bearing boat hulls. 422 also increases Cured, pigmented epoxy surfaces
used as a base for subsequent surface, and as a coating on the epoxy’s abrasion resistance. are not a final finish surface, but
painting. Cures to a metallic rudders and centerboards, or Cures to a light gray color. require an additional paint or UV filter
gray color. on the bottoms of racing craft Add to mixed resin/hardener at the coating for ultraviolet protection. Add
Add to mixed resin/hardener at that are dry sailed. It does not rate of 15 to 20% by volume or 3 to the mixed resin/hardener at a rate
the rate of 5%–10% by volume provide antifouling qualities. The tablespoons per 8 fl oz. of epoxy. of approximately one teaspoon of
or 1½ tablespoons per 8 fl oz of epoxy/graphite mixture cures to a 16 oz. can of 422 will modify pigment to 8 fl oz of epoxy. More
epoxy (10 strokes each of resin black color. approximately half a gallon of epoxy. pigment will increase opaqueness
and hardener from 300 Mini Add to mixed resin/hardener at and mixture viscosity. One 4 fl. oz.
422-16 16 oz.
Pumps). 36 oz. of 420 will modify the rate of 10% by volume or 1½ bottle will tint approximately 1½
up to five gallons of mixed epoxy. tablespoons per 8 fl. oz. of epoxy. gal of epoxy.
420-36 36 oz. 12 oz. can of 423 will approxi- 501 White Pigment 4 fl. oz.
mately one gallon of epoxy. 502 Black Pigment 4 fl. oz.
503 Gray Pigment 4 fl. oz.
423 12 oz.

Product Guide
Metering Pumps
Metering Pumps
300 Mini Pump Set
300 Mini Pumps are designed for convenient
and accurate metering of Group Size A, B
and C WEST SYSTEM 105 Resin-based epoxy.
The 300 Mini Pump Set contains one resin
pump and two hardener pumps. Pumps
mount directly on the resin and hardener
containers and eliminate the mess involved
with measuring by weight or volume.
300 Mini Pumps are calibrated to deliver the
proper working ratio with one full pump stroke
of resin for each one full pump stroke
of hardener. 105/205-206 pumps deliver
approximately 0.8 fl. oz. of resin/hardener with
one full stroke of each pump. 105/207-209
pumps deliver approximately 0.9 fl. oz. of resin/
hardener with one full stroke of each pump.
Made of durable polypropylene, the pumps
give years of dependable service. Read and
follow the priming, ratio verification and oper- Large Capacity Pumps
ating instructions that come with the pumps.
As packaged, the pumps are ready to install
306-23 Metering Pump 303 Positive Displacement Pump
For metering 105 Resin and 207 Special Clear This positive displacement metering pump
on the Group Size B containers. A package of
or 209 Extra Slow (3:1 ratio) Hardeners. Can be dispenses three parts resin and one part hard-
extension tubes for Group Size A containers is
converted to a 5:1 ratio. The 306-23 Pump will ener (3:1) by volume. It consists of two sepa-
included with the set. Group Size C extension
reduce mixing time and waste on large projects. rate parallel pump systems, one for the resin
tubes are included in the 105-C Resin and in
A carrying handle allows you to move the pump and one for the hardener. The two systems
the 207-SC or 209-SC packages.
where the work is. Reservoirs hold one gallon are operated simultaneously by a single lever.
of resin, one quart of hardener. Dispenses The pump delivers 2.3 fl. oz. of resin and
Metering Scale approximately 0.5 fl. oz. of resin/hardener per hardener per full stroke of the dispensing
320 Small-Batch Epoxy Scale pump stroke (about 1 qt. per. minute). lever. The reservoirs hold two gallons of resin
For batches smaller than one Mini Pump and one gallon of hardener.
stroke, the 320 scale accurately measures the 306-25 Metering Pump
correct ratio of resin and hardener from 4.4 fl. Similar to 306-23 Metering Pump described 305 Positive Displacement Pump
oz. down to just a few drops of mixed product. above. For metering 105 Resin and 205 or Similar to 303 Positive Displacement Pump
The scale can also be used to confirm the 206 (5:1 ratio) Hardeners. Can be converted to described above, the 305 pump is designed
accuracy of your WEST SYSTEM dispensing a 3:1 ratio. to accurately dispense WEST SYSTEM resins
pumps and to consistently add pigments or and hardeners at 5:1 by volume.
other additives. The scale comes in a conve- 306-Kit Rebuild Kit
nient kit for small projects. The kit includes For all 306 pumps. Includes seals, balls,
dispensing bottles, 3¼ oz. and 1 oz. plastic gaskets, springs, high-rise tubes with ferrules
mixing cups, mixing sticks, and pipe cleaners. and new resin and hardener reservoirs with lids.
Product Guide
Reinforcing Materials
To determine the number of
fabric layers required to achieve
a specific laminate thickness,
Woven E-Glass
divide the thickness desired by
Glass Fabrics 737 Biaxial Fabric the single layer thickness of the
Woven E-glass fabrics are ideal for building 17 oz. non-woven E-glass fabric. tape or fabric you intend to use.
composite laminates and repairing fiberglass Two layers, ±45° fiber orientation.
structures. May also be used to provide an For composites, repairs and rein- Product Fabric Weight Single Layer Thickness*
abrasion-resistant covering for wooden struc- forcing. Achieves high fiber-to-resin
740 4 oz. .006" - .008"
tures. When wet-out, the 4 and 6 oz. fabrics ratio with hand wet-out.
become transparent, allowing a clear, natural 742 6 oz. .009" - .011"
737-20 50" wide × 20 yd. roll
wood finish. Perfect for stripper canoes. May 713 11 oz. .016" - .021"
be painted or varnished. 738 Biaxial Fabric with Mat 702 11 oz. .015" - .018"
740-10 4 oz. – 50" wide × 10 yd. roll 17 oz. non-woven E-glass fabric. Two
layers, ±45° fiber orientation. The 729 9 oz. .013" - .017"
740-20 4 oz. – 50" wide × 20 yd. roll
742-10 6 oz. – 60" wide × 10 yd. roll same as 737 fabric with a .75 oz./sq. 745 10 oz. .014" - .019"
742-20 6 oz. – 60" wide × 20 yd. roll ft. mat backing. Approximately 23.8 737 17 oz. .025" - .032"
745-10 10 oz. – 60" wide × 10 yd. roll oz./sq. yd. total fabric weight.
745-20 10 oz. – 60" wide × 20 yd. roll 738 23.8 oz. .039" - .053"
745-30 10 oz. – 30" × 30" sheet 738-20 50" wide × 20 yd. roll *Average of multiple layers applied by hand lay-up
Unidirectional Carbon Biaxial Glass
Unidirectional Carbon Tapes 713 Unidirectional Glass Tape Glass Tape

Unidirectional 11.1 oz. carbon fiber reinforcing Unidirectional 11.1 oz. E-glass fiber reinforcing Versatile WEST SYSTEM 9 oz. woven E-glass
tapes are used for selective reinforcement to tape is used to add strength in one direction, fabric tapes, with bound edges, are ideal
improve tensile strength and stiffness in one but with less stiffness than carbon fiber. Easy for reinforcing chines, hull/deck corners and
direction while adding minimum thickness and to handle and wet out. similar structural applications. When bonded
weight. Fiber bundles are held in place by a 713-50 3" wide × 50' roll with WEST SYSTEM Epoxy, they provide addi-
polyester fill thread for easy handling and wet tional tensile strength to resist hairline crack
out. 144,000 fibers per inch of tape width. 727 Biaxial Tape development and abrasion.
702-12 1½" wide × 12' roll 17 oz. non-woven E-glass fabric. Two layers at 729-10 2" wide × 10' roll
702-50 1½" wide × 50' roll a ±45° fiber orientation are held together by 729 2" wide × 50 yd. roll
703-12 3" wide × 12' roll a light stitching. Flat, non-crimped fibers yield 731 3" wide × 50 yd. roll
703-50 3" wide × 50' roll reduced print-through and higher stiffness 732-10 4" wide × 10' roll
than woven fabrics. Ideal for repairs, tabbing 732 4" wide × 50 yd. roll
733 6" wide × 50 yd. roll
and reinforcing.
727-10 4" wide × 10' roll
727-20 4" wide × 20 yd. roll
Product Guide
Application Tools
800 Roller Covers 802 Roller Pan 807 Syringes

These thin polyurethane foam covers are the Heavy duty, flexible plastic roller pan allows Reusable syringes that can be loaded with
only roller covers recommended for epoxy you to “pop out” epoxy after it has cured so epoxy mixture for injecting into tight spots.
application. The thin foam allows you to control the pan can be re-used. Eliminates the need Ideal for hardware bonding and small repairs.
film thickness, avoid drips and runs and get a for liners. 1 ea. Holds 12 cc (about 0.4 fl oz).
smoother coating. The 7" covers can be cut for 807-2 2 ea.
smaller jobs, narrow strips and tight areas. Cut 803 Glue Brushes 807-12 12 ea.
segments make ideal tipping brushes. Handy, disposable, ½" × 6" glue application
brushes with a metal handle. These brushes
808 Flexible Plastic Spreader
800-2 2 ea.
Flexible, reusable 3½"× 6" double-edged
are useful in a wide variety of small bonding
spreader for flow coating, fairing, filling and
and coating applications.
applying fabrics.
803-12 12 ea.
803-144 144 ea. 808-2 2 ea.
Cut into segments for tipping off 808-12 12 ea.
freshly applied coats of epoxy
804 Reusable Mixing Sticks
A practical mixing, application, filleting, and
809 Notched Spreader
Stiff 4" × 4" plastic spreader with 1/8", 3/16"
Cut covers into narrower widths
to coat smaller areas
cleaning tool. Squared, beveled end reaches
and ¼" notches on three sides for quickly
mixing pot corners for thorough mixing and
801-HD Roller Frame blending in fillers and for cleaning up excess
applying thickened epoxy at a constant rate
3" caged roller frame holds 7" full-width covers over large areas. Thin straight edge is ideal for
epoxy. Use rounded end to shape 3/8" radius
and covers cut to narrower widths. 1 ea. applying layers of reinforcing fabrics.
fillets. Cured epoxy pops off easily, so they
can be reused many times. ¾"-wide × 5½". 809 1 ea.
804-8 8 ea. 810 Fillable Caulking Tubes

Epoxy will not bond to many plastic tools
804-60 60 ea.
or mixing pots because their glossy For use with a standard caulking gun. Great for
surface does not provide enough texture, injecting large amounts of epoxy, laying a lengthy
or tooth, for epoxy to key into. When
805 or 806 Mixing Pots
Cured epoxy pops out of these heavy-duty, bead of epoxy or making fillets. Can be refilled
cured, flex the tool to loosen epoxy. Thick
reusable plastic mixing pots. Convenient batch several times, before epoxy begins to cure.
films pop off easier than thin films. As a
tool gets scuffed and scratched from use, sizes for most projects. Pots are calibrated to Tubes can be refilled again after cured epoxy is
it will become more difficult to pop the help mix larger batches. popped out. Holds approximately 10 fl oz.
cured epoxy from the surface. 810-2 2 ea.
805 16 oz pot, 1 ea.
806 32 oz pot, 1 ea. 810-24 24 ea.

Product Guide
Specialty Items
Vacuum Bagging Materials

879 Release Fabric 882 Vacuum Bag Film shop air compressors delivering at least 65 psi
Release Fabric is a tough, finely woven nylon Clear, heat-stabilized, modified nylon resin at 3.5 SCFM continuously.
fabric treated with a release agent. It is used film. Can be used at temperatures up to
to separate the breather fabric and vacuum 350°F (176°C) for typical composite cure 885-34 Vacuum Cups and Tubing
bag from the laminate in vacuum bagging cycle times. A tough, stretchable film for Includes 3 vacuum cups and 20' of ¼" I.D.
operations. Excess epoxy bleeds through and high vacuum pressures. vacuum tubing.
is peeled from the cured laminate along with 882-20 60" wide × 20 yd roll
the Release Fabric. It’s also used in hand 885 Vacuum Bagging Kit
lay-up applications to allow more squeegee 883 Vacuum Bag Sealant A complete starter kit for room temperature
pressure and protect the lay-up from contam- Mastic tape sealant for airtight seals repairs and small laminating projects up to 13
ination and blush. Peels easily and leaves a between vacuum bags and molds. Easy to square feet. Some item specifications may vary.
smooth textured surface, ready for bonding, work around difficult angles, patching small Kit includes:
sanding or finishing. Not recommended for leaks in the vacuum system. • Venturi Vacuum Generator with Silencer
post-cure temperatures over 120°F (49°C). ½" wide × 25' roll • 3 Vacuum Cups, 20' of ¼" I.D. Vacuum Tubing
879-2 60" wide × 2 yd roll • 0–30Hg Vacuum Gauge
879-10 60" wide × 10 yd roll 885-5 Vacuum Gauge
• 2 Junction “T” barbs
879-18 60" wide × 9" sheet 0–30 Hg (mercury) vacuum gauge.
• 15 sq. ft. Release Fabric
881 Breather Fabric 885-6 Venturi Vacuum Generator
• 15 sq. ft. Breather Fabric
Breather Fabric is a lightweight, polyester blanket • 15 sq. ft. Vacuum Bag Film
Includes silencer. Generator develops over
that provides excellent air passage within the • 25' Vacuum Bag Sealant
20 inches Hg (mercury) of vacuum (10 psi)
vacuum envelope while it absorbs excess epoxy. • Complete, illustrated instructions
at .4 SCFM (standard cubic feet per minute)
881-10 45" wide × 10 yd roll and is designed to run off of conventional
Vacuum Bagging is a clamping system used Special Tools

for laminating a wide range of fabrics, core
materials and veneers. It uses atmospheric 875 Scarffer®
pressure to deliver firm, even clamping pressure A unique tool designed by boatbuilders for
over the entire surface area of a composite part cutting accurate scarf joints in plywood up to ³/8"
or repair, regardless of the material or materials thick. Attaches easily to most circular saws and
being laminated. By laminating over simple
is easily removed. Saw must have a base plate
molds, composites can be molded into an
endless variety of functional shapes. extension (outside of the blade) ½" or wider.
1 ea. (saw not included).

Product Guide
Skin Protection It is much easier and safer to

keep epoxy off your skin than
Our personal protective clothing is made out of a it is to clean it off. Gloves,
microporous film laminate material which provides a coveralls, aprons, lab coats and
superior combination of strength, barrier protection sleeves help you work clean.
and breathability.
832 Disposable Gloves 836 Coverall

Lightweight, seamless neoprene gloves are These suits are inexpensive enough to be
more chemically resistant than latex gloves. disposable, yet durable enough to be reused again
They provide excellent protection while retaining and again. For maximum personal protection, use
good finger sensitivity and dexterity and they coveralls with gloves to prevent accidental contact
are more puncture resistant than conventional with uncured epoxy. Elastic wrists and ankles
disposable gloves. Large size fits most. help prevent sleeves and pant legs from riding up.
832-4 4 pr. Coveralls available in large,
832-50 50 pr. extra-large and XXL.
Working Cleanly
836-L 1 ea. In addition to gloves, coveralls,
834 Lab Coat 836-XL 1 ea. aprons, lab coats and sleeves,
For upper body protection, use the lab coats 836-XXL 1 ea. there are a two other common,
with gloves to prevent accidental skin and yet essential, items you can use
clothing contact with uncured epoxy. 838 Sleeves to help contain epoxy and work
834-L 1 ea. If you need to cover only more cleanly.
834-XL 1 ea. your arms, try these Always keep a roll of paper
convenient sleeves. towels within reach before
835 Apron 18" sleeves with elastic mixing a batch of epoxy. We
For torso protection, use the aprons with gloves recommend using paper
top and cuff. Use with
towels to clean spills and wipe
to prevent accidental contact with uncured coverall and gloves for up excess epoxy. To remove
epoxy. For added protection, use with sleeves. extra protection. contamination from bonding
835 1 ea. 838-2 2 pr. surfaces, we recommend
plain white (non-printed)
towels as the ink may be
a contaminant that can
affect bonding.
It is also a good practice to use
plastic sheeting (4 or 6 mil) to
protect floors and work surfaces
from epoxy spills and mask off
areas of your project you want
to protect.
Epoxy won’t bond to plastic
sheeting and will peel off when
cured. Use small pieces of plastic
under clamps to avoid inadvertent
bonding. Clear plastic packaging tape
also works well to protect clamps,
tools and other surfaces you
don’t want epoxy to stick to.

Product Guide
Instruction
For more about West System products or technical information for a
building or repair project, Gougeon Brothers offers a range of detailed
publications that can help get you started. Our print publications are
available as free downloadable PDFs at westsystem.com.
002-898 WEST SYSTEM Epoxy 002 The Gougeon Brothers on 002-550 Fiberglass Boat Repair &
How-To DVD Boat Construction Maintenance
A compilation of three instructional videos Decades of experience building with wood and This is a complete, illustrated guide to a
demonstrating basic handling and advanced epoxy are compiled in this classic on wood/ variety of fiberglass repair problems, including
epoxy repair techniques. Basic Application epoxy boat building. Extensive chapters on detailed instructions on repairing cracks and
Techniques—A guide to the optimum use of lofting, safety, tools and construction methods holes, delamination, rot and keel damage. It
WEST SYSTEM Epoxy products, including epoxy are described with the aid of hundreds of also covers fairing keels, hardware bonding,
safety and procedures for coating, bonding detailed illustrations and photographs. This 5th final fairing and finishing, installing teak
and fairing. Fiberglass Repair with WEST edition includes about 20% new and updated veneers and gelcoat blister diagnosis, preven-
SYSTEM Epoxy—making structural repairs on material and a revised layout for easier tion and repair. Softcover—144 pages.
fiberglass boats, including repairs to cored navigation. Used as a textbook in boat building
and non-cored hulls and how to apply gelcoat schools. Over 100,000 copies in print. Hard- 002-970 Wooden Boat Resto-
over epoxy repairs. Gelcoat Blister Repair with cover—406 pages. ration & Repair
WEST SYSTEM Epoxy—A guide for analyzing This manual shows you how to do professional
the causes of blister formation, repairing and level repairs and renovations that dramatically
preventing gelcoat blisters on fiberglass boats. extend the life of your wooden boat. Dry rot
Interactive menus allow for easy navigation repairs, structural frame repairs, and plank
through these subjects. DVD—59 minutes. repairs using modern products and techniques
are among the many solutions covered in this
fully illustrated manual. Softcover—80 pages.
Product Guide
000-605 EPOXYWORKS® FREE

(USA and Canada only)
EPOXYWORKS is a FREE semiannual maga-
zine published by Gougeon Brothers, Inc. It
discusses building, restoring and repairing
with epoxy. It offers helpful tips, the latest
techniques, projects you can build, readers’
projects, and news from the Gougeon
research and test labs.
Subscribe to the print edition of EPOXY-
WORKS by calling Gougeon Brothers at
866-937-8797, or by visiting westsystem.com
or epoxyworks.com to fill out the online form.
Subscriptions do not expire.
You can also view current or back issues of
EPOXYWORKS online at epoxyworks.com and
follow us on Facebook at facebook.com/epoxy-
works. Digital-only subscriptions are available
by emailing [email protected]
westsystem.com
Our website is a great resource for product
information, technical information such as
SDS, how-to videos, customer projects, the
latest updates and dealer information. Search
our extensive database for articles on boat
repair and construction, techniques and
materials, home and architecture, building and
restoring vehicles of every kind and the arts.
Safety Data Sheets

Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for specific WEST
SYSTEM products are available at westsystem.
com, through WEST SYSTEM distributors or by
contacting Gougeon Brothers, Inc. For additional
information about the use or suitability of WEST
SYSTEM products contact the Gougeon Technical
Staff at 866-937-8797.

User Manual

User Manual
Epoxy Handling
This section explains the fundamentals of epoxy safety, curing and the
steps for proper dispensing, mixing and adding fillers to assure that every
batch cures to a reliable high-strength solid.
Epoxy Safety
Precautions
1. Avoid contact with resin, hardeners, mixed epoxy and sanding dust from epoxy that is
not fully cured. Wear protective gloves and clothing whenever you handle WEST SYSTEM
Epoxies. If you do get resin, hardener or mixed epoxy on your skin, remove it as soon as
possible. Resin is not water soluble—use a waterless skin cleanser to remove resin or
mixed epoxy from your skin. Hardener is water soluble—wash with soap and warm water
to remove hardener or sanding dust from your skin. Always wash thoroughly with soap
and warm water after using epoxy. Never use solvents to remove epoxy from your skin.
Stop using the product if you develop an allergic type of reaction. Resume work only after
the symptoms disappear, usually after several days. When you resume work, improve
your safety precautions to prevent exposure to epoxy, its vapors, and sanding dust. If
problems persist, discontinue use and consult a physician.
1. Protect your eyes from contact with resin, hardeners, mixed epoxy, and sanding dust by
wearing appropriate eye protection. If contact occurs, immediately flush the eyes with
water under low pressure for 15 minutes. Seek medical attention or advice.
2. Avoid breathing concentrated vapors and sanding dust. WEST SYSTEM Epoxies have
low volatile organic content (VOC), but vapors can build up in unventilated spaces. Use
adequate ventilation to avoid breathing vapors, fumes and sanding dust, particularly when
working in confined spaces, such as boat interiors. When ventilation cannot be made
adequate to keep exposures below safe levels, use a NIOSH approved respirator with an
organic vapor cartridge, organic vapor cartridge + P100 particulate filter or a multi-con-
taminant cartridge. Consult with your respiratory and cartridge supplier to ensure the
proper selection based on chemical ingredients and specific workplace conditions.

User Manual
Provide ventilation and wear a dust mask when sanding epoxy, especially uncured
epoxy. Breathing dust from epoxy that is not fully cured increases your risk of sensiti-
zation. Although epoxy cures quickly to a sandable solid, it may take over two weeks
at room temperature, or post-curing, to cure completely.
3. Avoid ingestion. Wash thoroughly after handling epoxy, especially before eating or
smoking. If epoxy is swallowed, rinse mouth with water—DO NOT induce vomiting.
Because hardeners are corrosive, they can cause additional harm if vomited. Call a
physician immediately. Refer to First Aid procedures on the Safety Data Sheet.
4. KEEP RESINS, HARDENERS, FILLERS AND SOLVENTS OUT OF THE REACH OF
CHILDREN. For additional safety information or data, refer to the Safety Data Sheets
or write to: EPOXY SAFETY, WEST SYSTEM, P.O. Box 908, Bay City, MI 48707 USA
Caution! Large pots of curing

Hazards
epoxy can get hot enough to ignite
Epoxies are safe when handled properly. To use WEST SYSTEM Epoxies safely, you must
surrounding combustible materials understand their hazards and take precautions to avoid them.
and give off hazardous fumes.
Place pots of mixed epoxy in a safe The primary hazard associated with epoxy involves skin contact. WEST SYSTEM Resins
and ventilated area, away from may cause moderate skin irritation. WEST SYSTEM Hardeners are corrosive and may
workers and combustible materials. cause severe skin irritation. Resins and hardeners are also sensitizers and may cause an
Dispose of the solid mass only if allergic reaction similar to poison ivy. Susceptibility and the severity of a reaction varies
cure is complete and the mass has
cooled. Follow federal, state or local
with the individual. Although most people are not sensitive to WEST SYSTEM Resins and
disposal regulations. Hardeners, the risk of becoming sensitized increases with repeated contact. For those
who become sensitized, the severity of the reaction may increase with each contact.
These hazards also apply to the sanding dust from epoxy that has not fully cured. These
hazards decrease as resin/hardener mixtures reach full cure. Refer to product labels or
Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for specific product warnings and safety information.
Cleanup
Contain large spills with sand, clay or other inert absorbent material. Use a squeegee to
contain small spills and collect as much material as possible. Follow up with absorbent towels.
DO NOT use sawdust or other fine cellulose materials to absorb hardeners.
DO NOT dispose of hardener in trash containing sawdust or other cellulose materials—

spontaneous combustion can occur.
Clean resin or mixed epoxy residue with lacquer thinner, acetone or alcohol. Follow all
safety warnings on solvent containers. Clean hardener residue with warm soapy water.
Clean 207 Hardener residue with lacquer thinner, acetone or alcohol.
Dispose of resin, hardener and empty containers safely. Puncture a corner of the can
and drain residue into the appropriate new container of resin or hardener. DO NOT
dispose of resin or hardener in a liquid state. Waste resin and hardener can be mixed
and cured (in small quantities) to a non-hazardous inert solid.
Removing uncured or non-curing epoxy. Uncured epoxy is removed as you would
spilled resin. Scrape as much material as you can from the surface using a stiff metal or
plastic scraper—warm the epoxy to lower its viscosity. Clean the residue with lacquer
thinner, acetone, or alcohol. (Follow safety warnings on solvents, and provide adequate
ventilation.) Allow solvents to dry before re-coating.
Removing fiberglass cloth applied with epoxy. Use a heat gun to heat and soften the
epoxy. Start in a small area a near a corner or edge. Apply heat until you can slip a putty

User Manual
knife or chisel under the cloth (about 250°F). Grab the edge with a pair of pliers and
slowly pull up on the cloth while heating just ahead of the separation. On large areas,
use a utility knife to score the glass and remove in narrower strips. Resulting surface
texture may be coated or remaining epoxy may be removed as follows. Provide ventila- CAUTION! Heating epoxy that has
tion or wear a respirator when heating epoxy. not gelled will lower its viscosity,
allowing the epoxy to run or sag
Removing cured epoxy coating. Use a heat gun to soften the epoxy (about 250°F). more easily on vertical surfaces. In
addition, heating epoxy applied to a
Heat a small area and use a paint or cabinet scraper to remove the bulk of the coating.
porous substrate (soft wood or low
Sand the surface to remove the remaining material. Provide ventilation or wear a respi- density core material) may cause
rator when heating epoxy. the substrate to “out-gas” and form
bubbles or pinholes in the epoxy
Epoxy Chemistry coating. To avoid out-gassing, wait

until the epoxy coating has gelled
before warming it. Never heat mixed
epoxy in a liquid state over 120°F
Epoxy’s Cure Stages (49°C). Regardless of what steps
Mixing 105 Epoxy Resin® with a hardener begins a chemical reaction that transforms the are taken to control the cure time,
combined liquid ingredients to a solid. This period of transformation is the cure time. As thorough planning of the application
and assembly will allow you to make
it cures, epoxy passes from the liquid state, through a gel state, before it reaches a solid
maximum use of epoxy’s open time
state (Figure 1). and cure time.
Figure 1 As it cures, mixed epoxy

passes from a liquid state,
through a gel state, to a solid
state.
Cure time is shorter when

the epoxy is warmer.
Cure time is longer when

the epoxy is cooler.
Liquid—Open Time
Open time (also working time or wet lay-up time) is the portion of the cure time, after mixing, You can improve ep-
that the resin/hardener mixture remains a liquid and is workable and suitable for application. All
assembly and clamping should take place during the open time to ensure a dependable bond.
oxy’s thermal perfor-
mance and reduce
Gel—Initial Cure Phase the potential for fabric
The mixture passes into an initial cure phase (also called the green stage) when it begins to
gel, or “kick-off.” The epoxy is no longer workable and will progress from a tacky, gel consis- “print-through” by ap-
tency to the firmness of hard rubber, which you will be able to dent with your thumbnail. plying modest heat to
The mixture will become tack free about midway through the initial cure phase. While the epoxy after it has
it is still tacky (about like masking tape), a new application of epoxy will still chemically
bond with it, so you may still bond to or recoat the surface without special preparation. cured to a solid state.
However, this ability diminishes as the mixture approaches the final cure phase. Contact our technical
staff for more infor-
Solid—Final Cure Phase
The epoxy mixture has cured to a solid state and can be dry sanded. You will no longer be mation about post
able to dent it with your thumbnail. At this point the epoxy has reached most of its ultimate
curing.
strength, so clamps can be removed. A new application of epoxy will no longer chemically
bond to it, so the surface of the epoxy must be properly prepared and sanded before
re-coating to achieve a good mechanical, secondary bond. See Surface Preparation.
The mixture will continue to cure for the next several days to two weeks at room
temperature, becoming an inert plastic solid.

User Manual
Controlling Cure Time
Open time and overall cure time govern much of the activity of building and repairing
with epoxy. Open time dictates the time available for mixing, application, smoothing,
shaping, assembly and clamping. Cure time dictates how long you must wait before
removing clamps, or before you can sand or go on to the next step in the project. Two
factors determine an epoxy mixture’s open time and overall cure time—hardener cure
speed and epoxy temperature.
1. Hardener Cure Speed

Each hardener has an ideal temperature cure range. At any given temperature, each
resin/hardener combination will go through the same cure stages, but at different
rates. Select the hardener that gives you adequate working time for the job you are
doing at the temperature and conditions you are working under. The Hardener Selec-
tion Guide and container labels describe hardener pot lives and cure times.
WARNING! Curing epoxy generates
heat. Do not fill voids or cast layers Pot life is a term used to compare the cure speeds of different hardeners. It is the
of epoxy thicker than ½"—thinner if amount of time a specific mass of mixed resin and hardener remains a liquid at a
enclosed by foam or other insulating specific temperature (a 100g-mass mixture in a standard container, at 72°F). Because
material. Several inches of mixed pot life is a measure of the cure speed of a specific contained mass (volume) of epoxy
epoxy in a confined mass (such as
rather than a thin film, a hardener’s pot life is much shorter than its open time.
a mixing cup) will generate enough
heat to melt a plastic cup, burn your
skin or ignite combustible materials 2. Epoxy Temperature
if left to stand for its full pot life.
The warmer the temperature of curing epoxy, the faster it cures (Figure 1, page 23).
For this reason do not use foam or
glass mixing containers or pour into The temperature of curing epoxy is determined by the ambient temperature plus the
confined spaces. If a pot of mixed exothermic heat generated by its cure.
epoxy begins to exotherm (heat
up), quickly move it outdoors. Avoid Ambient temperature is the temperature of the air or material in contact with the
breathing the fumes. Do not dispose epoxy. Air temperature is most often the ambient temperature unless the epoxy is
of the mixture until the reaction is applied to a surface with a different temperature. Generally, epoxy cures faster when
complete and has cooled.
the air temperature is warmer.
Exothermic heat is produced by the chemical reaction that cures epoxy. The amount
of heat produced depends on the thickness or exposed surface area of mixed epoxy.
In a thicker mass, more heat is retained, causing a faster reaction and more heat. The
mixing container’s shape and the mixed quantity have a great effect on this exothermic
reaction. A contained mass of curing epoxy (8 fl oz or more) in a plastic mixing cup can
quickly generate enough heat to melt the cup and burn your skin. However, if the same
quantity is spread into a thin layer, exothermic heat is dissipated, and the epoxy’s cure
time is determined by the ambient temperature. The thinner the layer of curing epoxy,
the less it is affected by exothermic heat, and the slower it cures.
Adapting to Warm and Cool Temperatures

In warm conditions, gain open time by using a slower hardener. Mix smaller batches that
can be used up quickly, or pour the epoxy mixture into a container with greater surface area
(a roller pan, for example), thereby allowing exothermic heat to dissipate and extending open
time. The sooner the mixture is transferred or applied (after thorough mixing), the more of
the mixture’s useful open time will be available for coating, lay-up or assembly.
In cool conditions use a faster hardener, or use supplemental heat to raise the epoxy
temperature above the hardener’s minimum recommended application temperature. Use
a hot air gun, heat lamp or other heat source to warm the resin and hardener before
mixing or after the epoxy is applied. At room temperature, supplemental heat is useful
when a quicker cure is desired. NOTE! Unvented kerosene or propane heaters can inhibit
the cure of epoxy and contaminate epoxy surfaces with unburned hydrocarbons.
User Manual
Dispensing and Mixing 105 Resin and

Hardeners
Careful measuring of epoxy resin and hardener and thorough mixing are essential for
a proper cure. Whether the resin/hardener mixture is applied as a coating or modified
with fillers or additives, observing the following procedures will assure a controlled and
thorough chemical transition to a high-strength epoxy solid. Figure 2 Dispense the proper propor-
tions of resin and hardener.
With Mini Pumps—Pump one full pump
Dispensing stroke of resin for each one full pump
Dispense the correct proportions of resin and hardener into a clean plastic, metal or stroke of hardener.
wax-free paper container (Figure 2). Don’t use glass or foam containers because of the
potential danger from exothermic heat buildup.
DO NOT attempt to adjust the epoxy cure time by altering the mix ratio. An accurate ratio
is essential for a proper cure and full development of physical properties.
Dispensing With Mini Pumps

Most problems related to curing of the epoxy can be traced to the wrong ratio of resin and
hardener. To simplify dispensing and reduce the possibility of errors, we recommend using
calibrated WEST SYSTEM Mini Pumps to meter the correct working ratio of resin to hardener.
Pump one full pump stroke of resin for each one full pump stroke of hardener.
Scrape Corners
Depress each pump head fully and allow the head to come completely back to the top
before beginning the next stroke. Partial strokes will give the wrong ratio. Read the
Figure 3 Stir resin and hardener together
pump instructions before using pumps. thoroughly—at least 1 minute, longer in
cooler temperatures.
Before you use the first mixture on a project, verify the correct ratio according to the
instructions that come with the pumps. Recheck the ratio anytime you experience prob-
lems with curing.
Dispensing Without Mini Pumps—Weight/Volume Measure If you have any ques-

To measure 105 Resin and 205 or 206 Hardener by weight or volume, combine 5 parts tions about selecting
resin with 1 part hardener. To measure 105 Resin and 207 or 209 Hardener by volume,
combine 3 parts resin with 1 part hardener. To measure 207 or 209 Hardener by weight, or using WEST SYSTEM
combine 3.5 parts resin with 1 part hardener. (The weight measurement for these ratios products that are not
is slightly different from the volume ratio due to hardener density.)
answered in this man-
First Time Users ual, contact our tech-
If this is the first time you have used WEST SYSTEM Epoxy, begin with a small test batch nical staff. Call 866-
to get the feel for the mixing and curing process, before applying the mixture to your
project. This will demonstrate the hardener’s open time for the temperature you are 937-8797 toll free or
working in and assure you that the resin/hardener ratio is metered properly. Mix small
batches until you are confident of the mixture’s handling characteristics.
visit westsystem.com,
where you can fill out
Mixing a form and receive an
Stir the two ingredients together thoroughly—at least 1 minute—longer in cooler
temperatures (Figure 3). To assure thorough mixing, scrape the sides and bottom of the emailed response to
pot as you mix. Use the flat end of the mixing stick to reach the inside corner of the pot. your question.
If you are using a power mixer, occasionally scrape the sides and corners of the mixing
pot while mixing. If you are going to be using the mixture for coating, quickly pour it into
a roller pan to extend the open time.
User Manual
Unthickened (neat) Slightly Thickened Moderately Thickened Maximum Thickness
Figure 4 Epoxy can CONSISTENCY
be thickened to Syrup Catsup Mayonnaise Peanut Butter
the ideal consis-
tency needed for a
particular job. The
procedures in this
manual refer to four GENERAL
common consisten- APPEARANCE
cies: syrup, catsup,
mayonnaise and
peanut butter.
Drips off vertical surfaces. Sags down vertical Clings to vertical Clings to vertical
CHARACTERISTICS
surfaces. surfaces, peaks fall over. surfaces, peaks stand up.
Coating, “wetting-out” Laminating/bonding flat General bonding, filleting, Gap filling, filleting,
before bonding, applying panels with large surface hardware bonding. fairing, bonding uneven
USES
fiberglass, carbon fiber areas, injecting with a surfaces.
and other fabrics. syringe.
Adding Fillers and Additives

Fillers
Throughout this and other WEST SYSTEM manuals, we refer to epoxy or resin/hardener
mixture, meaning mixed resin and hardener without fillers added; and thickened mixture
or thickened epoxy, meaning mixed resin and hardener with fillers added. Fillers are
Figure 5 Stir in small handfuls of filler used to thicken epoxy for specific applications such as bonding or fairing.
until the desired consistency is
reached.
After selecting an appropriate filler for your job (see Filler Selection Guide, page 11), use
it to thicken the epoxy mixture to the desired consistency. The thickness of a mixture
required for a particular job is controlled by the amount of filler added. There is no strict
formula or measuring involved—use your eye to judge what consistency will work best.
Figure 4 gives you a general guide to the differences between unthickened (neat) epoxy
and the three consistencies referred to in this manual.
Always Add Fillers in a Two-Step Process:

1. Mix the desired quantity of resin and hardener thoroughly before adding fillers. Begin
with a small batch—allow room for the filler.
2. Blend in small amounts of the appropriate filler until the desired consistency is
reached (Figure 5).
For maximum strength, add only enough filler to completely bridge gaps between
surfaces without sagging or running out of the joint or gap. A small amount should
squeeze out of joints when clamped. For thick mixtures, don’t fill the mixing cup more
than 1/3 full of epoxy before adding filler. When making fairing compounds, stir in as
much 407 or 410 as you can blend in smoothly—for easy sanding, the thicker the
better. Be sure all of the filler is thoroughly blended before the mixture is applied.
Spread the mixture into a thinner layer, either around the inside of the mixing cup or onto
a flat non-porous surface or palette to extend its working life.
Thinning Epoxy
There are epoxy-based products specifically designed to penetrate and reinforce rotted
wood. Those products, basically an epoxy thinned with solvents, do a good job of pene-
trating wood. But the solvents compromise the strength and moisture barrier properties
of the epoxy. WEST SYSTEM Epoxy can be thinned with solvents for greater penetration,
but this results in similar compromises in strength and moisture resistance. Acetone and
lacquer thinner have been used to thin WEST SYSTEM Epoxy and duplicate these pene-
User Manual
trating epoxies with about the same effectiveness. If you choose to thin the epoxy, keep
in mind that the strength, especially compressive strength, and moisture protection of
the epoxy are lost in proportion to the amount of solvent added.
There is a better solution to get good penetration without losing strength or moisture
resistance. We recommend moderate heating (up to 120°F) of the project area with a
heat gun or heat lamp before applying epoxy. On contact with the warmed substrate, the
epoxy will thin out, penetrating cavities and pores, and will be drawn even deeper into
pores as the substrate cools. Although the working life of the epoxy will be considerably
shortened, slower hardeners (206, 207, 209) will have a longer working life and should
penetrate more than 205 Hardener before they begin to gel. When the epoxy cures it will
retain all of its strength and effectiveness as a moisture barrier, which we feel more than
offsets any advantages gained by adding solvents to the epoxy.
Additives
Additives are used to give epoxy additional physical properties when used as a coating.
Although additives are blended with mixed epoxy in the same two-step process as
fillers, they are not designed to thicken the epoxy. Refer to the Additive descriptions.
Follow the mixing instructions on the individual additive containers.
Coloring Epoxy
West System pigments are available to color epoxy black, white or gray. Powdered
pigments (tempera paint, colored tile grout, aniline dyes) and universal tinting pigment
can be added to the epoxy mixture to tint it any color. Acrylic paste pigments (available
from marine chandleries) can also be used to tint the mixture, as long as they are speci-
fied for use with polyester or epoxy resin. 423 Graphite Powder will also color the epoxy
black or impart darker shades to colors.
Generally, coloring agents can be added to the mixed epoxy up to 5% by volume with
minimal effect on the cured epoxy’s strength. Always make test samples to check for
desired color and opaqueness and for proper cure. None of these coloring additives
provide UV resistance to the cured epoxy, so limit their use to areas not exposed to
sunlight unless additional UV protection is applied.

User Manual
Basic Techniques
The following basic techniques are common to most repair or
building projects, regardless of the type of structure or material you
are working with.
Surface Preparation
Whether you are bonding, fairing or applying fabrics, the success of the application
depends not only on the strength of the epoxy, but also on how well the epoxy adheres
to the surface to which it is being applied. Unless you are bonding to partially cured
epoxy, the strength of the bond relies on the epoxy’s ability to mechanically “key” into
Figure 6 Clean the surface. Use a the surface. That is why the following three steps of surface preparation are a critical
solvent, if necessary, to remove all part of any secondary bonding operation.
contaminates.
For good adhesion, bonding surfaces should be:

1. Clean—Bonding surfaces must be free of any contaminants such as grease, oil,
wax or mold release. Clean contaminated surfaces with lacquer thinner, acetone or
other appropriate solvent (Figure 6). Wipe the surface with paper towels before the
solvent dries. Clean surfaces before sanding to avoid sanding the contaminant into
the surface. Follow all safety precautions when working with solvents.
Figure 7 Dry the surface. Allow wet 2. Dry—All bonding surfaces must be as dry as possible for good adhesion. If neces-
surfaces to dry thoroughly or use heat sary, accelerate drying by warming the bonding surface with a hot air gun, hair dryer
or a fan to speed drying.
or heat lamp (Figure 7). Use fans to move the air in confined or enclosed spaces.
Watch for condensation when working outdoors or whenever the temperature of the
work environment changes.
3. Sanded—Sand smooth non-porous surfaces—thoroughly abrade the surface
(Figure 8). 80-grit aluminum oxide paper will provide a good texture for the epoxy to
“key” into. Be sure the surface to be bonded is solid. Remove any flaking, chalking,
blistering, or old coating before sanding. Remove all dust after sanding.
Figure 8 Sand non-porous surfaces.
Provide a texture for epoxy to key into. Special Preparation for Various Materials
Cured Epoxy—Amine blush may appear as a wax-like film on cured epoxy surfaces,
except for epoxy 207 Special Clear Hardener. It is a byproduct of the curing process and
User Manual
may be more noticeable in cool, moist conditions. Amine blush can clog sandpaper and
inhibit subsequent bonding, but it is water soluble and can easily be removed. It’s a good
idea to assume it has formed on any cured epoxy surface.
To remove the blush, wash the surface with clean water (not solvent) and an abrasive
pad, such as Scotch-brite™ 7447 General Purpose Hand Pads. Dry the surface with paper
towels to remove the dissolved blush before it dries on the surface. Sand any remaining
glossy areas with 80-grit sandpaper. Wet-sanding will also remove the amine blush. If a
release fabric is applied over the surface of fresh epoxy, amine blush will be removed when
the release fabric is peeled from the cured epoxy and no additional sanding is required.
Epoxy surfaces that are still tacky may be bonded to or coated with epoxy without
washing or sanding. Before applying coatings other than epoxy (paints, bottom paints,
varnishes, gelcoats, etc.), allow epoxy surfaces to cure fully, then wash and sand.
Hardwoods—Sand with 80-grit paper.
Teak/Oily Woods—Wipe with acetone 15 minutes before coating, allowing the solvent
to evaporate before coating. Use G/flex epoxy for bonding.
Porous Woods—No special preparation needed. If surface is burnished, possibly by dull
planer or saw blades, sand with 80-grit paper to open pores. Remove dust.
Steel, Lead—Remove contamination, sand or grind to bright metal, coat with epoxy
then (wet) sand freshly applied epoxy into surface. Re-coat or bond after first coat gels.
Aluminum—Remove contamination, sand to a bright finish and then wet sand. Follow
kit directions. Use G/flex epoxy, especially on flexible pieces.
Fiberglass (Polyester)—Clean contamination with a silicone and wax remover such as
DuPont Prep-Sol™ 3919S. Sand with 80-grit paper to a dull finish.
Plastic—Clean plastics, except for polycarbonate, with isopropyl alcohol to remove
contamination. Sand all plastics including polycarbonate with 80-grit sandpaper to
provide texture for good adhesion. Flame treat (Pass the flame of a propane torch across
the surface quickly—about 12 inches per second) ABS and PVC for additional benefit.
HDPE (high-density polyethylene) and LDPE (low-density polyethylene) must be flame
treated for good adhesion. Use G/flex epoxy for plastics.
Bonding (Gluing)
This section describes two methods of structural bonding. Two-step bonding is the preferred
method for most situations because it promotes maximum epoxy penetration into the
bonding surface and prevents epoxy-starved joints. Single-step bonding can be used when
joints have minimal loads and excess absorption into porous surfaces is not a problem. In
both cases, epoxy bonds best when it is worked into the surface with a roller or brush.
Before mixing epoxy, check all parts to be bonded for proper fit and surface preparation
(see Surface Preparation), gather all the clamps and tools necessary for the operation,
and cover any areas that need protection from spills.
Primary/Secondary Bonding
Primary bonding relies on the chemical bonding of adhesive layers such as the wet
lay-up of fiberglass laminate in a mold. All the layers of adhesive cure together into
a single fused layer. Epoxy applied over partially cured epoxy will chemically bond
with it and is considered a primary bond. The ability to chemically bond diminishes
User Manual
as the previous layer of epoxy cures. You must then prepare the cured surface for a
secondary bond.
Secondary bonding relies on mechanical, rather than chemical, bonding of an adhesive
to a material or cured epoxy surface. The adhesive must “key” into pores or scratches
in the surface—a microscopic version of a dovetail joint. Proper surface preparation
provides a texture that will help bond the cured epoxy to the surface. Except for bonding
to uncured or partially cured epoxy surfaces, all epoxy bonds are secondary bonds.
Clamping
Any method of clamping is suitable as long as there is no movement between the parts
being joined. Common methods include spring clamps, “C” clamps and bar clamps,
rubber bands, packaging tape, applying weights, and vacuum bagging. If necessary,
cover clamp pads with tape, or use polyethylene sheeting or release fabric under the
clamps so they don’t inadvertently bond to the surface. Staples, nails or drywall screws
Figure 9 Apply resin/hardener mixture to are often used where conventional clamps will not work. In a corrosive environment,
the bonding surfaces. any fasteners left in should be a non-corroding alloy such as bronze. In some cases the
thickened epoxy or gravity will hold parts in position without clamps. Avoid excessive
clamping pressure.
Two-Step Bonding
1. Wet-out bonding surfaces—Apply an unthickened resin/hardener mixture to the
surfaces to be joined (Figure 9). Wet out small or tight areas with a disposable brush.
Wet out larger areas with a foam roller or by spreading the resin/hardener mixture
Figure 10 Apply thickened epoxy to one
of the bonding surfaces.
evenly over the surface with a plastic spreader. You may proceed with step two
immediately or any time before the wet-out coat becomes tack free.
2. Apply thickened epoxy to one bonding surface. Modify the resin/hardener mixture
by stirring in the appropriate filler until it becomes thick enough to bridge any gaps
between the mating surfaces and to prevent “epoxy-starved” joints. Apply enough of
the mixture to one of the surfaces so that a small amount will squeeze out when the
surfaces are joined together with a force equivalent to a firm hand grip (Figure 10).
Thickened epoxy can be applied immediately over the wet-out surface or any time
Figure 11 Clamp components in place before the wet-out is no longer tacky. For most small bonding operations, add the
before the epoxy gels. filler to the resin/hardener mixture remaining in the batch that was used for the
wet-out. Mix enough resin/hardener for both steps. Add the filler quickly after the
surface is wet out and allow for a shorter working life of the mixture.
3. Clamp components. Attach clamps as necessary to hold the components in place.
Use just enough clamping pressure to squeeze a small amount of the epoxy mixture
from the joint, indicating that the epoxy is making good contact with both mating
surfaces (Figure 11). Avoid using too much clamping pressure, which can squeeze all
of the epoxy mixture out of the joint.
Figure 12 Remove or shape excess epoxy 4. Remove or shape excess adhesive that squeezes out of the joint as soon as the joint
that squeezes out of the joint.
is secured with clamps. An 804 mixing stick is an ideal tool for removing the excess
(Figure 12). Allow to cure thoroughly before removing clamps.
Single-Step Bonding
Single-step bonding is applying the thickened epoxy directly to both bonding surfaces
without first wetting out the surfaces with neat resin/hardener. We recommend that you
thicken the epoxy no more than is necessary to bridge gaps in the joint (the thinner the
mixture, the more it can penetrate the surface) and that you do not use this method for
highly-loaded joints, especially when bonding end grain or other porous surfaces.

User Manual
Laminating
The term “laminating” refers to the process of bonding numbers of relatively thin layers,
like plywood, veneers, fabrics or core material to create a composite. A composite
may be any number of layers of the same material or combinations of different mate-
rials. Methods of epoxy application and clamping will differ depending on what you
are laminating.
Because of large surface areas and limitations of wet lay-up time, roller application is Pre-coating porous
the most common method for applying epoxy. A faster method for large surfaces is to surfaces with neat
simply pour the resin/hardener mixture onto the middle of the panel and spread the
mixture evenly over the surface with a plastic spreader. Apply thickened mixtures with (unthickened) ep-
an 809 Notched Spreader. oxy before applying
Using staples or screws is the most common method of clamping when you laminate a a thickened epoxy
solid material to a solid substrate. An even distribution of weights will work when you
are laminating a solid material to a base that will not hold staples or screws, such as a adhesive or fairing
foam or honeycomb core material. compound improves
Vacuum bagging is a specialized clamping method for laminating a wide range of mate- adhesion. Neat epoxy
rials. Through the use of a vacuum pump and vacuum bag film, the atmosphere is used
to apply perfectly even clamping pressure over all areas of a panel regardless of the size, penetrates and “keys”
shape or number of layers. into surface pores and
end grain better than
Bonding with Fillets thicker epoxy.
A fillet (fil’it) is a cove-shaped application of thickened epoxy that bridges an inside
corner joint. It is excellent for bonding parts because it increases the surface area of the
bond and serves as a structural brace. All joints that will be covered with fiberglass cloth
will require a fillet to support the cloth at the inside corner of the joint.
Joint strength is the ability of a joint to adequately transfer a load from one part to
another—depends on the combined effects of three factors.
GLUE STRENGTH—Careful metering and thorough mixing will assure the epoxy
mixture cures to full strength.
ADHESION—For the best adhesion and load transfer, the joint’s bonding surfaces
must be properly prepared.
JOINT AREA—The bonding area of the joint must be adequate for the load on the
joint and materials being joined. Increased overlap, scarf joints, fillets and reinforcing
fibers can be used to increase joint bonding area.
The procedure for bonding with fillets is the same as normal bonding except that instead
of removing the squeezed-out thickened epoxy after the components are clamped in
position, you shape it into a fillet. For larger fillets, add thickened mixture to the joint as
soon as the bonding operation is complete, before the bonding mixture becomes tack
free, or any time after the final cure and sanding of exposed epoxy in the fillet area.
1. Bond parts as described in Bonding.
2. Shape and smooth the squeezed-out thick epoxy into a fillet by drawing a rounded
filleting tool (804 Mixing Stick) along the joint, dragging excess material ahead of
the tool and leaving a smooth cove-shaped fillet bordered on each side by a clean Figure 13 Shape and smooth the fillet
margin. Some excess filleting material will remain outside of the margin (Figure 13). with a rounded filleting tool.
Use the excess material to refill any voids. Smooth the fillet until you are satisfied
with its appearance. A mixing stick will leave a fillet with about a 3/8" radius. For
User Manual
larger fillets, an 808 Plastic Spreader, cut to shape or bent to the desired radius,
works well.
Apply additional thickened epoxy to fill voids or make larger fillets. Apply the mixture
along the joint line with the rounded mixing stick, using enough mixture to create
the desired size of fillet. For longer or multiple fillets, empty caulking gun cartridges
or disposable cake decorating bags can be used. Cut the plastic tip to lay a bead of
thickened epoxy large enough for the desired fillet size. Heavy duty, sealable food
storage bags with one corner cut off may also be used.
3. Clean up the remaining excess material outside of the margin by using a mixing stick
Figure 14 Clean up the excess epoxy or a putty knife (Figure 14). Fiberglass cloth or tape may be applied over the fillet
outside of the fillet margin.
area before the fillet has cured (or after the fillet is cured and sanded).
4. Sand smooth with 80-grit sandpaper after the fillet has fully cured. Wipe the surface
clean of any dust and apply several coats of resin/hardener over the entire fillet area
before final finishing.
Bonding Fasteners and Hardware

Epoxy Annulus Installing screws and other threaded fasteners with WEST SYSTEM Epoxy dramatically
Figure 15 Wet out a standard pilot hole improves load carrying capacity by spreading the fastener’s load into a greater area of
and install the fastener. the substrate. There are several methods or levels of hardware bonding depending on
the loads on the hardware.
a b
Basic Fastener Bonding

For improved pullout strength and waterproof connections, the easiest fastener bonding
method is to simply wet out stripped fastener holes and new pilot holes before installing
the screws. Epoxy penetrates the fiber around the hole, effectively increasing the
fastener diameter. Epoxy also provides a stronger interface with the fastener threads
Figure 16 Drill oversized holes to than wood fiber and keeps out water.
increase the exposed substrate area
and the amount of epoxy around the
fastener. 1. Wet out a standard-size pilot hole. Work the mixture well into the hole with a pipe
cleaner or syringe (Figure 15). Thicken a second coat of epoxy as necessary for
stripped or oversized holes.
2. Insert the fastener in the hole and allow the epoxy to cure.
Advanced Fastener Bonding

For greater strength and stability, drill oversized holes to increase the exposed substrate
area and the amount of epoxy around the fastener.
1. Drill oversized holes 2/3 – 3/4 the depth of the fastener. The hole diameter is ¼" larger
than the fastener diameter (Figure 16-a).
2. Drill a normal sized pilot hole at the bottom of the oversized hole to the full length
of the fastener. The normal sized pilot hole serves to hold or clamp the hardware
in position until the epoxy cures. If the fastener/hardware can be clamped by other
means, the oversized hole can be extended to the end of the fastener.
3. Wet out the holes and the fastener with epoxy. Allow the epoxy to thoroughly soak
into the exposed substrate.
4. Fill the hole with thickened epoxy/adhesive filler. Use 404 High-Density (preferred) or
406 Colloidal Silica.
5. Install the fasteners with just enough force to hold the hardware in place. Allow the
epoxy to cure thoroughly before applying load to the hardware (Figure 16-b).

User Manual
Bonding Hardware
Bonding hardware goes a step beyond bonding the fasteners only. By bonding the
hardware base directly to the surface you further increase hardware load capacity and
provide a solid bearing surface for the hardware. It also seals the substrate underneath,
and is a stronger, longer lasting attachment than bonding the fasteners only. It is espe-
cially useful to mount hardware on curved, uneven or un-level surfaces.
1. Prepare the mounting surface and the hardware base for good adhesion (see Surface
Preparation). Figure 17 Coat the hardware bottom and
the fastener threads with thickened
2. Wet out the oversized hole with epoxy. Allow the epoxy to soak into the exposed epoxy.
substrate (as with faster bonding).
3. Coat the bottom contact surface of the hardware with unthickened epoxy. Wire brush
or sand the wet epoxy into the surface with 50-grit sandpaper.
4. Inject a non-sagging epoxy/404 or 406 mixture into the hole. Use enough mixture
so there are no voids in the hole after inserting the fastener. Coat the bottom of the
hardware and the fastener threads with thickened epoxy (Figure 17). Backing Plate
5. Place the hardware in position. Insert and tighten fasteners until a small amount of Figure 18 Tighten fasteners until a small
amount of epoxy squeezes from the
the mixture squeezes out of the joint (Figure 18). joint.
6. Remove excess epoxy or shape into a fillet. Allow the epoxy to cure at least 24 hours
before applying load to the hardware. Allow more time in cool weather.
Casting a Base
Use the thickened epoxy to cast a base under the hardware when mounting hardware to
a curved or uneven surface, or mounting hardware at an angle to the surface.
1. Prepare the fasteners, holes, substrate and base as described above.
2. Bond small blocks to the substrate to support the base at the desired height and
position (e.g., winch base, Figure 19-a).
3. Apply enough thickened epoxy to cover the blocks. If the gap between the base and
the surface is over ½", fill the gap in two separate layers to avoid exotherm.
4. Place the hardware in position, resting on the blocks (Figure 19-b) and install a c
the fasteners.
5. Smooth the excess epoxy into the desired fillet shape around the base (Figure 19-c).
Allow the epoxy to cure fully before loading. Protect exposed epoxy from UV. b
Bonding Studs
Figure 19 Support the base in position
Bond threaded rods or studs into the substrate (instead of bolts or screws) and attach with blocking. Fill the void with thick-
the hardware with nuts. This variation is appropriate for many engine, motor or machine ened epoxy.
installations. Coat the base with wax/mold release to make the hardware removable.
Although the hardware is not “bonded” to the substrate, the epoxy will still provide a
Slightly Above Surface
bearing surface that perfectly matches and supports the base of the hardware.
1. Prepare the stud/threaded rod by waxing the upper end (above the surface) and
cleaning the lower end (below the surface). Place a nut on the stud, positioned with
the top of the nut slightly above the surface.
2. Fill the hole 2/3 full with epoxy. Allow to penetrate and refill as necessary.
Figure 20 Bond threaded rods or studs
3. Wet out the lower end of the stud and push it into the epoxy filled hole. Top off the into the substrate as an alternative for
hole or clean away excess as necessary. Allow the epoxy to cure thoroughly before easily removable hardware.
attaching hardware and tightening the nut (Figure 20).

User Manual
Removing Fasteners
If you know that you will want to remove the fastener, you can coat the threads with wax
or mold release (contaminating the surface enough to prevent a good bond).
Remove a permanently bonded fastener by applying heat to the head of the fastener with
a soldering iron or propane torch. Use a heat shield to protect the surrounding area. Heat
will travel down the fastener, softening the epoxy in contact with it. At about 250°F the
epoxy should soften enough to allow the fastener to be backed out. Allow more time for
heat to travel down longer or larger diameter fasteners.
Figure 21 Wet out porous surfaces

Fairing
before applying fairing compound.
Fairing refers to the filling of low areas and the shaping and smoothing of a surface to
blend with the surrounding areas and appear “fair” to the eye and touch. After major
structural assembly has been completed, final fairing can be easily accomplished with
WEST SYSTEM Epoxy and low-density fillers.
1. Prepare the surface as you would for bonding (see Surface Preparation). Sand smooth
any bumps or ridges on the surface and remove all dust from the area to be faired.
2. Wet out porous surfaces with unthickened epoxy (Figure 21).
Figure 22 Apply fairing compound to fill 3. Mix resin/hardener and 407 Low-Density or 410 Microlight® filler to a peanut butter
all voids and smooth to shape.
consistency. The thicker the mixture, the easier it will be to sand when cured.
4. Trowel on the thickened epoxy mixture with a plastic spreader, working it into all
voids and depressions. Smooth the mixture to the desired shape, leaving the mixture
slightly higher than the surrounding area (Figure 22). Remove any excess thickened
epoxy before it cures. If the voids you are filling are over ½" deep, apply the mixture
in several applications or use 206 Slow Hardener® or 209 Extra Slow Hardener™,
depending on ambient temperature.
Note: On vertical and overhead surfaces, allow the wet-out coat to gel before
Figure 23 Sand cured fairing compound applying fairing compound. The fairing compound may sag or slide off the fresh
to desired contour.
wet-out coat. Apply the fairing compound while the wet-out is still tacky.
5. Allow the final thickened epoxy application to cure thoroughly.
6. Sand the fairing material to blend with the surrounding contour (Figure 23). Begin
with 50-grit sandpaper if you have a lot of fairing material to remove. Use 80-grit
paper on the appropriate sanding block when you are close to the final contour.
CAUTION! Don’t forget your dust mask. Remove the sanding dust and fill any
remaining voids following the same procedure.
7. Apply several coats of resin/hardener to the area with a disposable brush or roller
after you are satisfied with the fairness. Allow the final coat to cure thoroughly before
final sanding and finishing. Note: 410 Microlight filler can be affected by the solvents
in most paints. Surfaces faired with 410 filler must be sealed with epoxy before
applying any solvented paints.
Applying Woven Cloth and Tape

Fiberglass cloth is applied to surfaces to provide reinforcement and/or abrasion resis-
tance. It is usually applied after fairing and shaping are completed, and before the final
coating operation. It is also applied in multiple layers and in combination with other
materials to build composite parts.
Fiberglass cloth may be applied to surfaces by either of two methods. The “dry” method
refers to applying the cloth over a dry surface. The “wet” method refers to applying the
User Manual
cloth to an epoxy-coated surface often after the wet-out coat becomes tacky, which helps
it cling to vertical or overhead surfaces. Since this method makes it more difficult to posi-
tion the cloth, the dry method is the preferred method especially with thinner cloth.
Dry Method
1. Prepare the surface as you would for bonding (see Surface Preparation).
2. Position the cloth over the surface and cut it several inches larger on all sides. If the
Figure 24 Spread the epoxy over the
surface area you are covering is larger than the cloth size, allow multiple pieces to cloth surface with a plastic spreader.
overlap by approximately two inches. On sloped or vertical surfaces, hold the cloth in
place with masking or duct tape, or with staples.
3. Mix a small quantity of epoxy (three or four pumps each of resin and hardener).
4. Pour a small pool of resin/hardener near the center of the cloth.
5. Spread the epoxy over the cloth surface with a plastic spreader, working the epoxy
gently from the pool into the dry areas (Figure 24). Use a foam roller or brush to wet
out fabric on vertical surfaces. Properly wet out fabric is transparent. White areas
Figure 25 Squeegee away excess epoxy
indicate dry fabric. If you are applying the cloth over a porous surface, be sure to before it begins to gel.
leave enough epoxy to be absorbed by both the cloth and the surface below it. Try
to limit the amount of squeegeeing you do. The more you “work” the wet surface,
the more minute air bubbles are placed in suspension in the epoxy. This is especially
important if you plan to use a clear finish. You may use a roller or brush to apply
epoxy to horizontal as well as vertical surfaces.
Smooth wrinkles and position the cloth as you work your way to the edges. Check for
dry areas (especially over porous surfaces) and re-wet them with epoxy as necessary
before proceeding to the next step. If you have to cut a pleat or notch in the cloth to Figure 26 Trim excess cloth after the
lay it flat on a compound curve or corner, make the cut with a pair of sharp scissors epoxy gels.
and overlap the edges for now.

6. Squeegee away excess epoxy before the first batch begins to gel (Figure 25). Slowly
drag the spreader over the fabric at a low (almost flat) angle, using even-pressured,
overlapping strokes. Use enough pressure to remove excess epoxy that would allow the
cloth to float off the surface, but not enough pressure to create dry spots. Excess epoxy
appears as a shiny area, while a properly wet-out surface appears evenly transparent,
with a smooth, cloth texture. Later coats of epoxy will fill the weave of the cloth. Figure 27 Trim overlapped cloth after the
7. Trim the excess (Figure 26) and overlapped cloth after the epoxy has reached its epoxy gels.
initial cure. The cloth will cut easily with a sharp utility knife. Trim overlapped cloth, if
desired, as follows:
a) Place a metal straightedge on top of and midway between the two over-
lapped edges.
b) Cut through both layers of cloth with a sharp utility knife (Figure 27), being very
careful not to cut too deeply.
c) Remove the topmost trimming and then lift the opposite cut edge to remove the Figure 28 Remove the topmost trimming,
lift the opposite cut edge to remove
overlapped trimming (Figure 28). d) Re-wet the underside of the raised edge with the overlapped trimming.
epoxy and smooth into place.
The result should be a near perfect butt joint, eliminating double cloth thickness. A
lapped joint is stronger than a butt joint, so if appearance is not important, you may
want to leave the overlap and fair in the unevenness after coating.
8. Coat the surface to fill the weave before the wet-out becomes tack free (Figure 29).
Follow the procedures for final coating in the next section. It will take two or three
coats to completely fill the weave of the cloth and provide a thick enough coating to
Figure 29 Coat the surface to fill the weave
allow for a final sanding that will not affect the cloth. before the wet-out becomes tack free.

User Manual
A variation of this method is to apply the fabric after a wet out coat has cured thoroughly
and the surface has been prepared for bonding. This method assures a thorough wet out of
the substrate and fabric, and the fabric can still be positioned easily while it is being wet out.
Wet Method
An alternative is to apply the fabric or tape to a surface coated with wet epoxy. As
mentioned, this is not the preferred method, especially with large pieces of cloth,
because of the difficulty removing wrinkles or adjusting the position of the cloth as it
is being wet out. However, you may come across situations, such as applying fabric on
vertical or overhead surfaces, when this method may be useful or necessary.
1. Prepare the surface for bonding (see Surface Preparation). Pre-fit and trim the cloth to
size. Roll the cloth neatly so that it may be conveniently rolled back into position later.
2. Roll a heavy coat of epoxy on the surface.
3. Unroll the glass cloth over the wet epoxy and position it. Surface tension will hold
most cloth in position. If you are applying the cloth vertically or overhead, you may
want to thicken the epoxy slightly with 406 filler, then wait until it becomes sticky.
Work out wrinkles by lifting the edge of the cloth and smoothing from the center with
your gloved hand or a plastic spreader.
4. Apply a second coat of epoxy with a foam roller. Apply enough epoxy to thoroughly
wet out the cloth.
5. Remove the excess epoxy with a plastic spreader, using long overlapping strokes.
The cloth should appear consistently transparent with a smooth cloth texture.
6. Follow steps 7 and 8 under the Dry method to finish the procedure.
Any remaining irregularities or transitions between cloth and substrate can be faired
by using an epoxy/filler fairing compound if the surface is to be painted. Any addi-
tional fairing done after the final coating should receive several additional coats over
the faired area.
Barrier Coating
The object of barrier coating is to build up an epoxy coating that provides an effective
moisture barrier and a smooth base for final finishing.
Apply a minimum of two coats of WEST SYSTEM Epoxy for an effective moisture barrier—
three coats if sanding is to be done (recommended for most wooden boats). Moisture
protection will increase with additional coats, up to six coats or about a 20 mil thickness.
Six coats, with 422 Barrier Coat Additive™ in the final five coats, provides maximum
moisture protection (recommended for polyester fiberglass boats with gelcoat blisters).
Additives or pigments should not be added to the first coat. Mixing thinners with WEST
SYSTEM Epoxy is not recommended (see Thinning Epoxy).
WEST SYSTEM 800 Roller Covers, allow you greater control over film thickness, are less
likely to cause the epoxy to exotherm and leave less stipple than thicker roller covers.
Cut the covers into narrower widths to reach difficult areas or for long narrow surfaces
like stringers. A paint brush can be used for smaller areas, if the bristles are stiff enough
to spread the epoxy to an even film. If necessary, cut the bristles shorter. Foam brushes
are generally too flexible.
Epoxy applied with the 800 Roller Cover at room temperature (70°F), and tipped off as
described, results in a film 3–4 mils thick. A 6 or 7 mil film thickness (two coats—three
coats if sanded) provides an excellent moisture barrier for most exterior surfaces. A 9 or
10 mil film thickness is the minimum recommended for hull bottoms or other surfaces

User Manual
that are continuously wet. Additional coats provide additional moisture protection up to
20 mils (five or six coats). Epoxy film thickness per coat will vary with temperature—
thinner in warm temperatures, thicker in cooler temperatures.
Six coats with the last five modified with 422 Barrier Coat Additive provide maximum
protection and are generally recommended only for polyester fiberglass hull bottoms
prone to gelcoat blistering.
Complete all fairing and cloth application before beginning the final coating. Allow the
temperature of porous surfaces to stabilize before coating. Otherwise, as the material
warms up, air within the porous substrate may expand and pass from the material
(out-gassing) through the coating and leave bubbles in the cured coating. Figure 30 Roll lightly and randomly over a
small area. Spread the epoxy into a thin
1. Prepare the surface for bonding (see Surface Preparation). even film.
2. Mix only as much resin/hardener as you can apply during the open time of the
mixture. Pour the mixture into a roller pan as soon as it is mixed thoroughly.
3. Load the roller with a moderate amount of the epoxy mixture. Roll the excess out on
the ramp part of the roller pan to get a uniform coating on the roller.
4. Roll lightly and randomly over an area approximately 2'×2' to transfer the epoxy
evenly over the area (Figure 30).
5. As the roller dries out, increase pressure enough to spread the epoxy into a thin even Figure 31 Tip off the coating by dragging
film. Increase the coverage area if necessary to spread the film more thinly and evenly. a foam roller brush lightly over the
fresh epoxy.
The thinner the film, the easier it is to keep it even and avoid runs or sags in each coat.
6. Finish the area with long, light, even strokes to reduce roller marks. Overlap the
previously coated area to blend both areas together.
7. Coat as many of these small working areas as you can with each batch. If a batch
begins to thicken before it can be applied, discard it and mix a fresh, smaller batch.
8. Tip off the coating by dragging a foam roller brush lightly over the fresh epoxy in long,
even, overlapping strokes after each batch is applied. Use enough pressure to smooth
the stipple, but not enough to remove any of the coating (Figure 31). Alternate the
direction in which each coat is tipped off, 1st coat vertical, 2nd coat horizontal, 3rd coat
vertical, etc. An 800 Roller Cover can be cut into segments to make a tipping brushes.
Re-coating
Apply second and subsequent coats of epoxy following the same procedures. Re-coat
when the previous coat is still tacky (about as tacky as masking tape). To avoid sanding
between coats, apply all of the coats when previous coats have cured to this tacky
stage. After the final coat has cured, wash and sand it to prepare for the final finish (see
Surface Preparation—Cured Epoxy.)
Final Surface Preparation

Proper finishing techniques will not only add beauty to your efforts, but will also protect
your work from ultraviolet light, which will break down epoxy over time. The most
common methods of finishing are painting or varnishing. These coating systems protect
the epoxy from ultraviolet light and require proper preparation of the surface before
application. Preparation for the final finish is just as important as it is for re-coating with
epoxy. The surface must first be clean, dry and sanded.
1. Allow the final epoxy coat to cure thoroughly.
2. Wash the surface with a Scotch-brite™ pad and water to remove amine blush. Dry
with paper towels.
User Manual
3. Sand to a smooth finish (Figure 32). If there are runs or sags, begin sanding with
80-grit paper to remove the highest areas. Sand until the surface feels and looks fair.
Complete sanding with the appropriate grit for the type of coating to be applied—
check coating instructions. Paint adhesion relies on the mechanical grip of the
paint keying into the sanding scratches in the epoxy’s surface. If a high-build or
filling primer is to be applied, 80–100 grit is usually sufficient. 120–180 grit may be
adequate for primers and high-solids coatings. Finishing with 220–400 grit paper will
result in a high-gloss finish for most paints or varnishes. Grits finer than this may not
provide enough tooth for good adhesion. Wet sanding is preferred by many people
because it reduces sanding dust and it will allow you to skip Step 2. See coating
manufacturer's instructions for proper surface preparation.
Figure 32 Sand to a smooth finish.

4. After you are satisfied with the texture and fairness of the surface, rinse the surface
with fresh water (Figure 33). Rinse water should sheet evenly without beading or
fish-eyeing. If rinse water beads up (a sign of contamination), wipe the area with
solvent and dry with a paper towel, then wet sand again until beading is eliminated.
Proceed with your final coating after the surface has dried thoroughly. To reduce
the possibility of contamination, it is a good idea to begin coating within 24 hours of
the final sanding. See coating manufacturer's instructions for proper surface
preparation. A good trick used by professionals is to make a test panel to evaluate
the degree of surface preparation required and the compatibility of the finish system.
Finish Coatings
Figure 33 Rinse the surface with
fresh water after sanding.
Coating Function
A finish coating—paint or varnish—over an epoxy barrier coat protects the epoxy from
sunlight as well as decorating the surface. In doing so, the finish coating extends the life
of the epoxy moisture barrier, which in turn, provides a stable base that extends the life
of the finish coating. Together, the two form a protective system far more durable than
either coating by itself.
Protection from sunlight is a primary consideration in the selection of a finish coating. Long
term UV protection of the barrier coat depends on how well the finish coating itself resists
UV and keeps its pigments, or its shield of UV filters on the surface of the epoxy barrier
coat. A high gloss finish reflects a higher proportion of the light hitting the surface than a
dull surface. All other things being equal, a white (especially a glossy white) coating will
last the longest.
Coating Compatibility
Most types of coatings are compatible with epoxy. Thoroughly cured epoxy is an almost
completely inert hard plastic. Most paint solvents will not soften, swell or react with it.
One-part polyurethanes and polyester gelcoat can be affected by epoxy amines and if used
must be applied when the epoxy is thoroughly cured, generally after two weeks at room
temperature. A thorough cure can be achieved much quicker with elevated temperature
post curing. Post curing will also improve epoxy’s thermal properties and is recommended
if dark paint is to be applied over epoxy.
Finish Coating Types

Latex paints are largely compatible with epoxy, even partially cured epoxy, and they do an
adequate job of protecting the epoxy barrier from UV radiation. In many architectural appli-
cations, a latex paint may be the most suitable coating to use. Their durability is limited.

User Manual
Alkyd finishes—enamel, alkyd enamel, marine enamel, acrylic enamel, alkyd modified
epoxy, traditional varnish and spar varnish—offer ease of application, low cost, low
toxicity, and easy availability. Their disadvantages are low UV resistance and low abra-
sion resistance. Make a test panel to ensure compatibility.
One-part polyurethanes offer easy application, cleanup and better properties than
alkyds. They are also more expensive and some may be incompatible with amine
cure epoxy systems such as WEST SYSTEM Epoxy, although 207 Hardener may offer
better compatibility. Be sure epoxy has cured thoroughly. Make a test panel to
ensure compatibility.
Epoxy paints are available in one-part and two-part versions. Two-part epoxies offer
many characteristics similar to the higher performance polyurethanes. They are durable
and chemical resistant, but offer limited UV protection compared to the linear polyure-
thanes. Make a test panel to ensure compatibility.
Two-part linear polyurethane (LP) paints offer the most durable protection avail-
able. LPs are available as pigmented or clear coatings and offer excellent UV protec-
tion, gloss retention, abrasion resistance, plus compatibility with epoxy. However,
compared to other types of coatings, they are expensive, require more skill to apply
and present a greater health hazard, especially when sprayed. Make a test panel to
ensure compatibility.
Bottom paints are available in a variety of formulations. Most bottom paint systems
are compatible with epoxy and can be applied directly over a prepared epoxy barrier
coat. If you are unsure of compatibility or have curing or adhesion problems with a
specific bottom paint, use only a primer recommended for that bottom paint over the
barrier coat. Follow the recommendations given for preparation of fiberglass surfaces.
Other paints, including marine LP’s and primers, are not recommended for use below
the waterline.
Primers are usually not needed to help a paint film bond to epoxy, although interfacing
primers may be required with some specialized bottom paints and high-build primers
are useful for hiding scratches or flaws in the substrate. If the instructions on your paint
or varnish recommend a specially primed surface, follow the recommendations given
for fiberglass preparation. Self-etching primers do not work well on an epoxy coating
because of epoxy’s chemical resistance. Make a test panel to ensure compatibility.
Polyester gelcoat is a pigmented version of the resin used to build fiberglass boats and
other products. Gelcoat is sprayed into a mold before the glass fabric and resin are applied to
provide a smooth pre-finished surface when the part is removed from the mold. It is not often
used as a post-production finish coating, but it can be applied over epoxy and is useful in
some repair situations. Epoxy must be cured thoroughly. Refer to 002-550 Fiberglass Boat
Repair & Maintenance, for detailed information on patching gelcoat over an epoxy repair.
Follow all instructions from the coating systems manufacturer. It is a good idea to
make a test panel to evaluate the degree of surface preparation required, and the
compatibility and handling characteristics of the finish system.

User Manual
Problem Solver
This guide is designed to help identify and prevent potential problems you may encounter using
WEST SYSTEM Epoxy. If the solutions described here do not resolve the problem, call the Gougeon
Brothers technical staff, 866-937-8797.
The epoxy mixture has not cured after the recommended cure time has passed.
1. Remove epoxy. Do not apply additional material over non-curing epoxy. See Removing
epoxy, page 22.
Off ratio—too much or too little
hardener will affect the cure 2. Check correct number of pump strokes—use equal strokes of resin and hardener. DO
time and thoroughness of the NOT add extra hardener for faster cure!
cure. 3. Check for correct pump (5:1 or 3:1 ratio).
4. Check pump metering ratio (see pump instructions). See Dispensing, page 25.
1. Allow extra curing time in cool weather.
Low temperature—epoxy 2. Apply heat to maintain the chemical reaction and speed the cure. Raise the temperature
Possible Causes
mixtures cure slower at low above the hardener’s minimum recommended cure temperature. (NOTE! Unvented kero-
sene or propane heaters can inhibit the cure of epoxy and contaminate epoxy surfaces.)
Solution
temperatures.
3. Use a faster hardener, designed to cure at lower temperatures. See Controlling Cure
Time, page 24.
Epoxy, page 22.
Insufficient mixing. 2. Mix resin and hardener together thoroughly to avoid resin rich and hardener rich areas.
3. Add fillers or additives after resin and hardener have been thoroughly mixed. See Mixing,
page 25.
epoxy, page 22.
Incorrect products.
2. Check for proper resin and hardener. Resin will not cure properly with other brands of
hardener or with polyester catalysts.
Bond Failure
Insufficient cure. See above.
Resin starved joint-epoxy has Wet out bonding surfaces before applying thickened epoxy. Re-wet very porous surfaces
wicked into porous surfaces and end grain. See Two-step Bonding, page 30.
Possible Causes
leaving a void at the joint.

Solution
Contaminated bonding surface. Clean and sand the surface following the procedure on page 28. Sand wood surfaces
after planing or joining.
Bonding area too small for the Increase bonding area by adding fillets, bonded fasteners or scarf joints.
load on the joint.
Too much clamping pressure Use just enough clamping pressure to squeeze a small amount of epoxy from the joint.
squeezed epoxy out of the joint. See Clamping, page 30.
Clear coating turned cloudy.

Moisture from condensation or 1. Apply moderate heat to partially cured coating to remove moisture and complete cure.
very humid conditions reacts See out-gassing caution, page 23.
Possible Causes
with components in uncured 2. Use 207 Special Clear Hardener for clear coating applications and for bonding thin
Solution
hardener. veneers where epoxy may bleed through to the surface.

1. Apply coating at warmer temperature—epoxy is thinner at warmer temperatures.
Entrapped air from aggressive 2. Apply epoxy in thin coats.
roller application.
3. Apply moderate heat to release trapped air and complete cure. See Caution, page 23.
Waxy film appears on surface of cured epoxy.

Amine blush formation is a 1. Blush is water soluble. Remove with water. See Special preparation—Cured Epoxy, page 28.
Caus.
Solu.
typical result of the curing

process. 2. Use 207 Special Clear Hardener. 207 Hardener is blush free.
Runs or sags in coating. User Manual
1. Use 800 Roller Covers and roll the coating out into a thinner film. A thin film will flow
Possible Causes out much smoother than a thicker film after it is tipped off with the foam roller brush.
Epoxy applied too thickly.
2. Warm the epoxy to thin it or apply the coating at a warmer temperature. See Barrier
Solution
Coating, page 36.
1. Apply the coating at a warmer temperature.
Coating curing too slowly. 2. Warm the resin and hardener before mixing to speed the cure in cool weather.
3. Switch to a faster hardener if possible. See Controlling Cure Time, page 24.
Fairing Compound (epoxy/407 or 410 mixture) sags and is difficult to sand.

Fairing material not thick Add more filler to the mixture until it reaches a “peanut butter” consistency—the more
Solu.
Caus.
enough. filler added, the stiffer and easier it will be to sand.
Thick fairing compound (epoxy/407 or 410 mixture) sags.

Fresh epoxy wet-out won’t sup- Allow the wet-out coat to gel before applying the fairing material to vertical surfaces. See
Solu.
Caus.
port weight of fairing. Fairing, page 34.
Paint, varnish or gelcoat will not set up over epoxy.

Allow the final epoxy coat to cure thoroughly. Allow several days if necessary for slow
Epoxy not completely cured. hardeners at cooler temperatures. Apply moderate heat to complete the cure if necessary.
Possible Causes
See Controlling Cure Time, page 24.

Solution
1. Use a different type of paint. Some paints and varnishes may be incompatible with
Coating incompatible with some hardeners. If unsure, test for compatibility on a coated piece of scrap material.
epoxy.
2. Use 207 Hardener. It is compatible with most paints and varnishes.
Epoxy surface not thoroughly Remove the amine blush and sand the surface thoroughly before applying paints or var-
prepared. nishes. See Final Surface Preparation, page 37.
Epoxy became very hot and cured too quickly.
1. Mix smaller batches.
Batch too large, or left in mix-
Possible Causes
ing pot too long. 2. Transfer the mixture to a container with more surface area,such as a paint roller tray, imme-
Solution
diately after mixing. See Controlling Cure Time, page 24, Dispensing and Mixing, page 25.
Temperature too warm for the Use 206 Slow or 209 Extra Slow Hardener in very warm weather.
hardener.
Application too thick. Apply thick areas of fill in several thin layers.
Bubbles formed in coating over porous material (bare wood or foam).

Air trapped in the material 1. Coat the wood as its temperature is dropping—after warming the wood with heaters or
Solution
during the later part of the day.

Causes
escapes through coating

(out-gassing) as the material’s 2. Apply a thinner coat, allowing air to escape easier.
temperature is rising. 3. Tip off the coating with a roller cover brush to break bubbles. See Caution, page 23.
Pinholes appear in epoxy coating over abraded fiberglass or epoxy.

Surface tension causes epoxy After applying epoxy with an 800 Roller Cover, force epoxy into pinholes with a stiff plas-
Causes
SOLU.
film to pull away from pinhole tic or metal spreader held at a low or nearly flat angle. Re-coat and tip off coating after all
before it gels. pinholes are filled.
Fish-eyeing in coating
1. Be sure mixing equipment is clean. Avoid waxed mixing containers.
2. Be sure surface is properly prepared. Use proper grit sandpaper for the type of coating
Solution
Contamination of the coating or

Causes
you are applying. (See coating manufacturer’s instructions for proper surface prepa-
surface or improper abrasion ration.) After surface is prepared, avoid contamination—fingerprints, exhaust fumes,
for the coating. rags with fabric softener (silicone). Coat within hours of preparation. After wet sanding,
rinse water should sheet without beading (beading indicates contamination). Wipe with
appropriate solvent and re-rinse until rinse water no longer beads.
Hardener has turned red after several years storage.

Moisture in contact with hard- Red color is a normal condition. It will not affect epoxy handling or cured strength. Avoid
Solu.
Caus.
ener and metal container. using hardener for clear coating or exposed areas where color is not desired.
User Manual
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WEST SYSTEM User Manual®
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& Product Guide westsystem.com
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Catalog number 002-950
©2016 Gougeon Brothers, Inc. M1016

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WEST SYSTEM Epoxy is a versatile, high-quality, Why WEST SYSTEM Epoxy?

will improve one or more of a product’s characteristics without diminishing

2 || WEST SYSTEM User Manual & Product Guide

WEST SYSTEM User Manual & Product Guide || 3

4 || WEST SYSTEM User Manual & Product Guide

G/flex® Epoxy Repair Kits

The 105 System

6 || WEST SYSTEM User Manual & Product Guide

Light Structural its intended use and

which you are working.

Instruction Reinforcing Materials

WEST SYSTEM User Manual & Product Guide || 7

PACKAGE SIZE/QUANTITY COATING COVERAGE

8 || WEST SYSTEM User Manual & Product Guide

Extra Slow cure—General bonding, 40–50 3–4 20–24

Clear fabric application, clear 20–26 100–120 10–15

404 High-Density 406 Colloidal Silica 410 Microlight®

10 || WEST SYSTEM User Manual & Product Guide

Filler Selection Guide

Filler Buying Guide

WEST SYSTEM User Manual & Product Guide || 11

12 || WEST SYSTEM User Manual & Product Guide

Unidirectional Carbon Biaxial Glass

Unidirectional Carbon Tapes 713 Unidirectional Glass Tape Glass Tape

800 Roller Covers 802 Roller Pan 807 Syringes

804-8 8 ea. 810 Fillable Caulking Tubes

WEST SYSTEM User Manual & Product Guide || 15

Vacuum Bagging Materials

Vacuum Bagging is a clamping system used Special Tools

16 || WEST SYSTEM User Manual & Product Guide

Skin Protection It is much easier and safer to

832 Disposable Gloves 836 Coverall

WEST SYSTEM User Manual & Product Guide || 17

000-605 EPOXYWORKS® FREE

Safety Data Sheets

WEST SYSTEM User Manual & Product Guide || 19

20 || WEST SYSTEM User Manual & Product Guide

WEST SYSTEM User Manual & Product Guide || 21

Caution! Large pots of curing

DO NOT dispose of hardener in trash containing sawdust or other cellulose materials—

22 || WEST SYSTEM User Manual & Product Guide

Epoxy Chemistry coating. To avoid out-gassing, wait

Figure 1 As it cures, mixed epoxy

Cure time is shorter when

Cure time is longer when

WEST SYSTEM User Manual & Product Guide || 23

1. Hardener Cure Speed

Adapting to Warm and Cool Temperatures

Dispensing and Mixing 105 Resin and

Dispensing With Mini Pumps

Dispensing Without Mini Pumps—Weight/Volume Measure If you have any ques-

Adding Fillers and Additives

Always Add Fillers in a Two-Step Process:

WEST SYSTEM User Manual & Product Guide || 27

For good adhesion, bonding surfaces should be:

30 || WEST SYSTEM User Manual & Product Guide

Bonding Fasteners and Hardware

Basic Fastener Bonding