An Internship Report

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An Internship Report

Dedicated
To My
Parents

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An Internship Report

PREFACE

It is the requirement of the MBA course Al-Khair University, Multan that

all students of MBA have to spent two months in any organization to get
practical exposure and to get familiarized with the ways to live in the
organizational environment which is dramatically different from the
educational environment. That two months period called “Internship
Period “, if spent properly and sincerely, enables the students to be
more confident, more knowledgeable, more responsible and, above all,
more committed to its work in the practical field. I have also been
assigned to do internship of six weeks period in MCB Jhang City
Branch.
It has enabled me to understand the practical scenario and
sharpen our decision making power and utilizing the resources in
an effective manner, so that our resources generate maximum
profit.
In preparing this report, I have put all of my best efforts and tried
my level best to give maximum knowledge. Despite of my all the
coherent efforts, I do believe that there will always be a room for
improvement in the efforts of learner like me.

Farhan Raza

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An Internship Report

Table of Contents
DESCRIPTION PAGE #
Executive Summary 05

History of MCB 08

Head Office 13

Circle office 14

Prominent Features of MCB 15

General Banking Department 20

Current section 28

Financial Products/Services 28

Remittancesection 37

Cash section 41

Clearing sections 45

Credits department 47

Agricultural Credits 65

Commercial Advances` 51

Foreign Exchange Department 58

Foreign Currency Accounts 60

Prime currency scheme 62

Imports & Exports 65

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An Internship Report

Trade Terms 68

Letter of Credit 71

Duty Draw Backs 76

SWOT Analysis 79

Suggestions 83

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An Internship Report

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The banking structure in Pakistan comprises of the following types,

State Bank of Pakistan, Commercial Bank of Pakistan; Exchange
Banks, Saving banks, Cooperative banks, Specialized credit institutions.
The state bank of Pakistan is the Central bank of the country and was
established on July 01, 1948. The network of bank branches now
covers a very large segment of national economy. The State Bank of
Pakistan issues the shares of these periodically. Bank employees and
other common peoples can also purchase these shares and earn profit.
In 1956, MCB transferred its Registered office to Karachi, where the
Head Office is presently located. In April 1991, MCB became
Pakistan’s first privatized bank.
The corporate branch at Shahrah-e-Faisal Karachi (SFK) branch is the
corporate branch of MCB in Karachi. The bank is using SWIFT for
transfer of information about imports and exports. MCB SFK branch
has Currently Following three Departments General Banking
Department, Advances Department & Foreign Exchange Department.
To open an account the customer has to meet the general banking
manager with an introducer. The procedure begins with the punching of
account opening form to the customer file i.e. customer’s master file.
Before closing any account, bank send letter to the account hold for
informing him that his account is going to be closed. There is need an
approval form higher authority to close any account. Current deposits
are those which are payable to bank whenever demanded by the

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customer. Bank does not pay any profit on current deposits. The
following are the financial products/services of MCB Malay Mail
Scheme, PLS Account, Saving 365 Account, Capital growth certificate
scheme, Fund Management Scheme, Khushali Bachat Account, Term/
Fixed Deposits and others like night banking, credit cards, traveler
cheques.
In remittance department like any other bank MCB also have
instruments for transferring of money, Telegraphic Transfer, Mail
Transfer. In cash department both deposits and withdrawals go
side by side. This department works under the accounts
department and deals with cash deposits and payments. This
department maintains the following sheets, books, and ledger of
account cash received voucher sheet.
Cash paid voucher sheet, Paying-in-slip, ChequeBook, Cash
balance book. The clearing in Karachi at MCB or other banks is
being done through NIFT (National Institute of Facilitation
Technology).
Bank provides this facility to the people who need advance money
to meet their requirement. Party dealing with other banks financial
condition of borrower business and as a first step credit proposal

is being made. MCB provides advances, which are two types.

Secured Advances, Unsecured Advances. MCB usually classified
advances in to following types Agricultural Advances, Commercial
Advances
Industrial Advances. Commercial Advances are of following types
Demand Finance, Cash Finance, Foreign bills purchased, Finance
against imported goods, Finance against foreign bills, Export
Refinance Part I (Pre Shipment) & others. Banks Agriculture

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division deals with the agriculture advances. Bank provides the

Agriculture Advances in order to enhance and support the
agriculture sector of the country. Farm Credit & Non Farm Credit.
In foreign exchange, MCB is dealing Foreign Currency Accounts,
Foreign Remittances, and Foreign Bills for Collection, Imports &
Exports
Foreign currency accounts & the foreign currency department deals with
the following types of accounts, Dollar Khushali account, Current
account, Saving bank account, Term deposit, Prime Currency Scheme.
Foreign accounts are convertible on floating rate available to the bank.
Letter Of Credit facility is being provided by MCB in foreign exchange.

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♣
HISTORY OF BANKING
It has not so far been decided as to how the word ‘Bank’ originated.
Some authors opine that this word is derived from the words ‘Bancus’ or
Banque’ which mean a bench. Other authorities hold the opinion that
the word ‘Bank’ is derived from the German word ‘Back’, which means
‘joint stock fund’. It is therefore, not possible to decide as to which of
the opinion is correct, for no record is available to ascertain the validity
of any of the opinions.
Banking in fact is primitive as human society, for ever since man came
to realize the importance of money as a medium of exchange, the
necessity of a controlling or regulating agency or institution was
naturally felt. Perhaps it were the Babylonians who developed banking
system as early as 2000 BC. IT is evident that the temples of Babylon
were used as ‘Banks’ because of the prevalent respect and confidence
in the clergy.
At the time of independence, there were 631 offices of scheduled banks
in Pakistan, of which 487 were located in West Pakistan alone. As a
new country without resources it was very difficult for Pakistan to run its
own banking system immediately. Therefore, the expert committee
recommended that the Reserve Bank of India should continue to
function in Pakistan until 30th September 1948, so that problems of time
and demand liability, coinage currencies, exchange etc. be settled
between India and Pakistan. The non-Muslims started transferring their
funds and accounts to India. By the end of June 1948 the number of
officers of
scheduled banks in Pakistan declined from 631 to 225. There were 19
foreign banks with the status of small branch offices that were engaged


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solely in export of crop from Pakistan, while there were only two
Pakistani institutions, Habib Bank of Pakistan and the Australian Bank.
The customers of the bank are not satisfied with the uncertain condition
of banking. Similarly the Reserve Bank of India was not in the favor of
Govt. of Pakistan. The Govt. of Pakistan decided to establish a full-
fledge central bank. Consequently the Governor-general of Pakistan
Quaid-I-Azam inaugurated the State Bank of Pakistan on July 1, 1948.
Thus a landmark was made in the history of banking when the state
bank of Pakistan assumed full control of banking and currency in
Pakistan. The banking structure in Pakistan comprises of the following
types.

 State Bank of Pakistan

 Commercial Bank of Pakistan
 Saving banks.
 Cooperative banks
 Specialized credit institutions.

Commercial banks have been the most effective mobilizers of savings

and have been providing short-term requirements of working capitals to
trade, commerce and industry.
Up to December 31, 1973, there were 14 Pakistan commercial banks
that functioned all over the country and in some foreign countries
through a network of branches. All these commercial banks were
nationalized in January 1, 1974, and were recognized and merged into
the following five banks:

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 National Bank of Pakistan

 Muslim commercial bank limited
 Habib Bank Limited
 United Bank Limited
 Allied Bank of Pakistan

The state bank of Pakistan is the Central bank of the country and was
established on July 1, 1948. The separation of East Pakistan and its
repercussion in the form of economic depression has caused a lot of
difficulties to the banking system in Pakistan. The network of bank
branches now covers a very large segment of national economy. The
numbers of branches have increased appreciably and there is now on
branch of bank for every 3000 heads of population approximately.
There is done reasonable growth in deposits from the establishment of
Pakistan. Besides this growth, specialized credit and financial
institutions have also developed over the years.

The Government of Pakistan in the late 90’s introducing the need for the
privatization of state owned banks and companies. The private sector
has accepted the challenge and most of the banks are privatized today.
The State Bank of Pakistan issues the shares of these periodically.
Bank employees and other common peoples can also purchase these
shares and earn profit. Throughout the period of banking history the
banks have been expanding rapidly and achieved the desired goal of
progress.

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THE MUSLIM COMMERCIAL

BANK LIMITED
History
MCB was founded by ISFHANI and ADAMJEE families in Calcutta on
July 9, 1947. MCB is not an overnight success story rather good track of
services are responsible for the leaps and bounds progress. After the
partition of the Indo-Pak Subcontinent, the bank moved to Dhaka from
where it commenced business in August 1948. In 1956, the Bank
transferred its Registered office to Karachi, where the Head Office is
presently located. Thus, the bank inherits a 52-year legacy of trust in its
customers and the citizens of Pakistan.

CHANGE OF OWNERSHIP
The performance of MCB was badly affected by bureaucrat
government.
In January 1974, MCB was nationalized by Bhutto Government
following the bank act 1974 subsequently in June 1974 Premier Bank
Limited merged with MCB.

PRIVATIZATION
In the late 1990 after long period of time newly established Democratic
Government of Pakistan have decided to sell nationalized assets of
country for better utilization. In April 1991, MCB became Pakistan’s first
privatized bank. The government of Pakistan transferred the
management of the Bank to National Group, a group of leading
industrialists of the country by selling 26% shares of the bank.

In terms of agreement between the Government of Pakistan and the

National Group, the group, making their holding 50% has purchased

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additional 24% shares. Now, 25% is purchased by the Government,

which shall be sold in the near future.

NEW MILLENNIUM
MCB besides being money financial organization have rendered
invaluable services in the economics and social developments of our
country. MCB today, represents a bank that has grown with time,
experience and Pakistan. A major financial institution, in scope and
size, it symbolizes a fully-grown tree. Evergreen, Strong, and firmly
rooted.

PHILOSOPHY
MCB relies on strong, lasting relationship with its customers and on its
reputation for stability and security for its continued process. Its
philosophy has been to adopt steady course. It has pursued small, less
risky loans to consumers and business, and shied away from risky
loans. MCB extends its philosophy to its technology strategy but not
perusing technology for technology's sake. However, MCB learns from
the mistakes of others especially in "consumer banking". We let others
get in first, take the hit, and find out the flows. Said MCB officials - and
has installed efficient and effective system for processing and delivering
information.
The board of directors has the authority in guiding Bank affairs and in
making general policies. Some directors are the personnel of the MCB
Bank and others are successful businessperson and executives of other
major organization. Nineteen members are included in board of
directors.

HEAD OFFICE AT GLANCE ♣

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An Internship Report

I. I. Chudrigor Road of Karachi has same importance in Pakistan’s

economy as of the Wall Street in world economy. The division working
under MCB Head office are as follows:

 Administration
 Credit Management
 Investment Banking
 Human Resource
 Information Technology
 Corporate Planning & Budgeting
 Finance & Treasury
 International Division
 Inspection & Audit
 Law Division
 Marketing & Development
 Trustee Division

Under the President An Executive Committee and a Credit Committee

works. All the matter of the bank join to the board of director are
presented to the executive committee which is responsible for daily
operation of the bank .The request for credit exceeding the General
Manager power is approved by the Credit Committee. Under the area
Executive is the General Manager who is the in charge of the Circle
Office. Under the General Manager is the Zonal Manager and then the
Branch Manager. At present, there are 9 circles, 47 regions and 1400+
branches. Before privatization there were provincial chiefs for all the
four provinces. But this management now has abolished the provincial
officers and improved the efficiency of the bank.

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CIRCLE OFFICE
The working of circle office is to control and regulate the functions of
branches which are under in its control. The functions of circle office is
to mobilize the deposits and receive reports from branches. Circle office
is like a mini head office. Agents and correspondents of MCB are in all
commercial cities of the world. Circle office is divided in the following
division:
• Credit Management
• Audit & Inspection
• Human Resource
• Marketing & Development

Province Circles Region Branches

Punjab 9 27 823
Sindh 5 12 278
Balochistan 1 2 35
NWFP & AJK 2 7 235

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PROMINENT FEATURES
SBP allowed exporters obtain foreign currency loans against firm
contracts L/Cs and MCB made arrangements for clients to use the
facility at EPZ branch, Karachi and off-Shore Banking Unit, Bahrain for
the purpose. It also offered services to clients for procuring foreign
currency loans from abroad.

The other significant development is the launching of the MCB Imdad-e-

Bahami Scheme for “Housing Improvement” in addition to commercial
lending, MCB has accepted the responsibility to offer social lending.
The scheme, launched with the co-operation of the Swiss institution
aims at providing easy credit to low income group is Urban areas to
improve their living condition. Other Prominent features are as follow:

Committee Structure
Organizational culture
Customer Service
Automation & Modernization
 International Appearance
 Employees Mgt Relation
 Human Resource

COMMITTEE STRUCTURE
MCB employs a very strong committee structure to oversee decision by
decentralized operations. Officers are given strict limit to authority.
Within prescribed limit, officers do indeed make their own decision- but

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according to guidelines, procedures, and rules. Decision outside of

prescribed limits are taken to high-level committees.

ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE
Officers of the bank don't need to spend a lot of time into whether they
should consider issues or ideas. They just know their certain
parameters beyond which they won't go.
The employees in the organization are well dressed, well communicated
and well co-operative.
Officers learn what these parameters are through their experience with
various committees-through a process osmosis. In visiting and in
participating on committees, individuals get to see what their cohorts
are doing. Cross - fertilization of ideas occurs and, often, morale is
helped. Major corporate policy changes occur through a process of
involvement by levels of management.

CUSTOMER SERVICE
Perhaps the most important yardstick for testing the success oriented
organization is in the area of customer services and it is in this very
sphere that MCB have made the leading strides. To eliminate delays in
dealing with credit proposals, of which complaints were frequent is the
past, an effective three lier system was introduced instead of six lier
system. Under this new system adequate sanctioning powers were
delegated to Branch, Regional and General Managers and also to the
senior executives in charge of credit at the Head Office. Only proposals
exceeding their powers are now considered in the credit/executive
committee.

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As a part of the new system, the role of the Head office was redefined
from supervisory to supporting only the inspection division at the Head
Office now has a supervising role for ensuring the implementation of the
Bank’s Directives.

The new policy and the restructuring of the system had a two fold
positive outcome. Customer were provided improved services and
needed facilities. The Bank’s executives and other staff come to
possess a new sense of confidence and dignity in their jobs.

Automation & Modernization

The project of on line banking has been successfully introduced and
provides customer with the facility to operate from any branch in the
network, so for, more than 80 branches have been connected to the
MCB Data Network between/among Karachi, Lahore, Rawalpindi,
Hyderabad, Multan and Islamabad.

The bank has installed a number of Automated Teller Machines (ATM)

to provide 24 hours cash facility to its customer. ATMs have been
installed at 40 branches in Karachi, Lahore and Islamabad. The network
have been expanded to Multan and Faisalabad since 1997. The ATM at
Karachi airport has also started functioning and those at Lahore and
Islamabad airport have been inter-linked in 1997.

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Swift
The bank has also started replacing conventional telex messaging
system for fund transfer, L/C opening etc., by connecting on-line with
the world wide interbank Financial Telecommunication Network
(SWIFT). So for, MCB has on line 20 branches in Karachi, Lahore,
Faislabad, Gujranwala and Sialkot on SWIFT, to meet foreign
correspondence requirement.

Human Resource
The bank has five special importance to the aspect of training and
career planning of its staff members. Forwards this main objective,
several training courses have been organized initiating a self
development process, in order to accelerate organizational growth and
to further improve the Bank’s level of expertise and efficiency.

In 1998, a total of 576 courses were conducted which covered a wide

variety of topics connected with banking and customer services. An
aggregate numbers of 8,776 staff member participated.

Additionally 245 officers and executive took part in training courses and
seminars conducted by professional institution, such as institute of
Bankers Management Association of Pakistan, Pakistan Institute of
Management and Pakistan Banking Council. Eight executive also
participated in courses conducted is foreign countries.

The MCB executive development centre, set up in November, 1995 for

used attention an the development and grooming of our executives.

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Eminent scholars and specialists were invited, during 1996, to apprise

our executives of new concepts and techniques to keep abreast of the
constant changes taking place locally and globally. A total of 54
seminars were held this year in which 518 executive participated.

International Appearance
After the closing down of the London operations prior to privatization,
MCB was left with no foreign branches and operations. In 1994 as
planned the bank opened up its international operations by inaugurating
its branches in Dakha and Colombo. More branches are operating in
Pettah, Srilanka and Chittagang. Access to Middle East and Africa is in
progress.

Employees Management Relation

The employee management relations remained cordial. Up-to-now more
than 290 offspring of the employees are inducted in the bank as cashier
and typists on merit basis. Extensive training PROGRAMME for the
employees continued to supplement their capabilities.

The management is indebted to the employees for sharing its vision and
dream to make MCB the best Bank of the country, that is client driven,
preferred by the customers and tested on the touch- stone of customer
satisfaction.

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General
Banking
Department

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GENERAL BANKING
It is backbone of banking It is one of the major department of MCB. It
consist of following departments:

 Accounts Department
 Current Department
 Remittance Department
 Clearing Department
 Cash Department

ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT
Every transaction which takes place recorded in the computer so all
transactions in different departments are forwarded to account
department. Since all vouchers from different departments are
forwarded to current department so this department tallies all such
transactions with current department after maintaining the ledger of
each department. Following are different functions performed by this
department:

 Preparation of Financial Statements for different time span

 Maintain all accounts of different departments
 Calculation of profit on different schemes
 Calculation of markup on different advances
 Preparation Different types of reports for State Bank
 Daily position of cash & every accounts

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 Matching daily summaries of all departments with ledger

CURRENT DEPARTMENT
This department maintains all formalities of the accounts and account
holders like it account name, account holder’s name, code number and
full address. Different cheques debit and credit voucher come form
different departments like Token, Clearing, Remittances, Cash, Foreign
Exchange, Advances and posted against different accounts.

A working Journal called Manual is prepared daily which shown the

balance accounts of all parties. Mark-up and profit are calculated daily.
That would be debited at credited from or to account holder’s account
after specific period of time.

Markup is debit from the account after every three month profit is
credited to accounts after every six month. New accounts are also
opened in this department. The fund deposited in the MCB bank can be
classified under the main heads:

 CURRENT ACCOUNT
 SAVING ACCOUNT
 TERM /CALL DEPOSITS

ACCOUNT OPENING
To open an account the customer have to meet the general banking
manager with an introducer (the person who is going go introduce that
person in the bank) and get an application form used for account
opening. Different color-coded application forms are available for each

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type of account. Along with the form a card for specimen signature is
also supplied to customer. Manager has every right not to accept this
contract if he is not satisfied by the details provided by the customer. In
case the contract is acceptable to both, now it is ready to open the
account formally.

Procedure
The procedure begins with the punching of account opening form to the
customer file i.e. customer’s master file. The manager records the
necessary details into this register and allots an a/c number from this
a/c opening register. This register is maintained for each type of
account and the a/c no’s are allotted serially. After opening a saving and
current account every applicant’s data is entered into the computer to
maintain a safe record and application form is properly filled so that it
can be available when necessary. Checking officer is responsible to
Tele the manual application form with the computerized a/c opening file.
For fixed deposit only that application form is needed which is prepared
manually, because most of the procedure of fixed deposit is done
manually. The signature specimen card contains three signatures of an
applicant, applicant a/c no, a/c type, branch code, title of a/c, it will be
attached with an application form. Banker uses this card at the time
when he receives the cherub; he compares customer’s signature with
the signature on the cherub for avoiding fraud.

ACCOUNTS TYPES
Though in theory there many types of accounts but commonly account
operators can be classified in one of the following categories, each have
different documentation requirements:

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 Single
 Joint
 Partnership
 Private Limited
 Public Limited

SINGLE
Only one person can operate this a/c. An individual who can fulfill the
requirement of bank can open this a/c. We can call it a personnel or
individual a/c. The requirements for this type are National Identity Card
Photocopy, Minimum Deposited Balance, Account Opening Form,
Letter of Kinship etc.

JOINT
In case of joint a/c applicant mentions that how much person will
operate the a/c. Instruction are given for joint a/c such that the account
shall be operated by anyone or more. The requirements for this type are
National Identity Card Photocopy, Minimum Deposited Balance,
Account Opening Form, Letter Kinship, Additional Signature Form (For
Joint Account), Declaration regarding the operator of account.

PARTNERSHIP
For partnership a/c, along with the application form other requirements
needs satisfied.
The requirements for this type are National Identity Card Photocopy,
Minimum Deposited Balance, Account Opening Form, Registration

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certificate, agreement among partners and Commencement of business

and private registration, resolution of board of directors,
commencement of business, memorandum and articles of association
and balance sheet etc.

PRIVATE LIMITED
Such type of account is opened in the name of the businesses having
private limited concern and mostly medium business enterprises open
such kind of accounts. All the board of directors have to submit the
declaration regarding the account operator on the company pad and
with the rubber stamp with the signature of the all the members of the
board of directors. In case of any change in directors bank must be
informed regarding that. In case funds are borrowed by the company all
the directors approval is necessary rather not only the authorized
partner who can be the operator of the account.

PUBLIC LIMITED
Public Limited A/C type of account is opened in the name of the
businesses having Public limited concern and mostly medium business
enterprises open such kind of accounts. All the board of directors have to
submit the declaration regarding the account operator on the company pad and
with the rubber stamp with the signature of the all the members of the board of
directors. In case of any change in directors bank must be informed regarding
that. In case funds are borrowed by the company all the directors approval is
necessary rather not only the authorized partner who can be the operator of the
account.

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ACCOUNT CLOSING
There are no. of reasons of closing an account can be one of the
following if customer desire to close his account, in case of death of one
account holder, bankruptcy of the account holder and If an account
contain nil balance or not up to the requirement of rules.

Before closing any account, bank send letter to the account hold for
informing him that his account is going to be closed. There is need an
approval form higher authority to close any account.

CURRENT ACCOUNTS
Current deposits are those which are payable to bank whenever
demanded by the customer. Bank does not pay any profit on current
deposits. There are of different scheme of saving deposits, which are
classified under different duration purpose and rate of interest. Fixed
deposits are those deposits which are by the bank under the conditions
that they will not be payable on demand but will be payable under fixed
or determinable future time date.

FEATURES
A sum of Rs. 500/= in cash as initial deposit is required for opening a
current account and the same may be maintained as minimum average
running credit balance. No profit will be paid on credit balances held in
current accounts. The bank reserves the right to allow opening of
current a/c at its description. All deposits and withdrawal from a current
a/c will take place only at the branch where the account is being
maintained. Current a/c cannot be overdrawn, except by prior agreed
agreements with the bank. The correspondence relating to current A/Cs
should be addressed to manager of the branch where the account is

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being maintained. A distinctive number will be allotted to each current

account and shall be quoted on all correspondence relating to the
respective account and at the time of making deposits and withdraws.

The account holder can draw sums from his account by means of
cheque supplied to him by the bank for that particular account. Account
holder should take well care of the chequebooks issued to them. The
account holder will pay excise duty of Rs.4 per leaf to the government.

PAY–IN SLIP
This slip is used for depositing the additional amount. The bank will
accept the Pakistanis notes. All cheques and other instruments should
be crossed before they are deposited for credit into the account. There
shall be no restriction on number of withdrawals in current account. The
account holder is expected to maintain a minimum running credit
balance of Rs.500/. An account holder wishing to close his account
must surrender the unused cheques to the bank. The current account
is computerized, thus it generate the statement of account for all
account holders periodically. Incidental charges are beard by the
account holder if its credit balance is less than Rs.500/. Service charges
of RS. 20/= will be taken by the bank, if an account is closed within 6
months from the date of its opening.

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Financial
Products

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SAVING ACCOUNT
Saving accounts are opened on proper introduction with sums of credit
balance within certain limit for individual (single, joint) institutions,
companies, educational institutions etc. MCB has introduced various
schemes under saving a/c are following:

 Mala Maal Scheme

 PLS Account
 Saving 365 Account
Capital growth certificate scheme
 Fund Management Scheme
 Khanm Bachat Scheme
 Khushali Bachat Account
 Term/ Fixed Deposits

MAAL-A-MAAL SCHEME
This scheme is recently launched by the MCB after severe financial
crisis of year 1998 created as result of atomic bomb explosion, to
mobilize the deposits. It is the most profitable scheme of the bank and
MCB has got
Rs. 20 billion deposits through this scheme and the certificate is for Rs.
25000/-

Procedure
The procedure of Maal-a-Maal certificate is very simple. The applicant
has to fill the slip of certificate where he have to write Branch code,
Applicant’s name, ID Card Number, Address, Phone #, Date and tenure

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etc. For different tenure different profit percentages are declared as

show below:

Tenure (Months) Rate of Return (%)

Two 06
Four 07
Eight 08
Twelve 10

These certificates are automatically renewable after maturity. Copy of

ID card is attached with certificate. Profit is calculated at the time of
drawing. At register, the officer writes reference or serial #, name of
applicant, certificate #, date of issue and date of maturity. At Maal-a-
Maal certificate, the officer write date of issue, maturity date, reference
#, and name of the applicant.

PROFIT & LOSS SHARING (PLS)

ACCOUNT
This account was started in 1980s after the issuing of banking
ordinance in 1980 by Zia Government to develop Islamic banking in
Pakistan. In this case customer would be responsible for bearing profit
as well as loss. The bank would be within its rights to make investment
of credit balances in the PLS saving accounts in any manner at its sole
discretion and to make use of the fund to the best of its judgment in the
banking business under the PLS system. For withdrawal of larger
amount, 7 days notice in writing is required to be given:

 Minimum balance is Rs.500/=

 Below minimum balance charges will be debited

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 Not more than eight withdrawals in a year allowed

 More than Rs.15000/= are not allowed to draw
 Seven day notice is required for withdrawal
 Profit calculated on monthly basis
 Profit paid on annually basis
 Profit paid on lowest balance at the end
 10% Withholding Tax on minimum balance
 Zakat deducted on @ 2.5%

SAVING 365 ACCOUNTS

This account is newly developed of MCB and it provides flexibility of
saving account to business people. Profit on deposits will be payable
on daily product basis on balance of RS. 500,000/- and above.
However, if balance in the account falls below RS. 500,000/- on any
day, the product will be ignored. There will be no restriction on
withdrawal from the account. Zakat and withholding Tax is also
applicable on the account opened under this scheme.

 Minimum balance is Rs.500,000/=

 Below minimum balance, profit calculation ignored
 Profit calculated on daily basis
 Profit paid on annually basis
 10% Withholding Tax on minimum balance
 Zakat deducted on @ 2.5%

CAPITAL GROWTH CERTIFICATE SCHEME

 Long term deposit

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 Profit rate as that of PLS Saving Account

 Minimum amount of deposit is Rs. 10,000/=
 Amount deposited double in of 5 years
 No maximum limit of Deposits
 10% Withholding Tax on minimum balance
 Zakat deducted on @ 2.5%

FUND MANAGEMENT SCHEME

 Rate of return upto 15% per annum
 Offered to corporate and business community
 Development of secondary market for Government
Securities
 10% Withholding Tax on minimum balance
 No maximum limit of deposits
 Zakat deducted on @ 2.5%

KHUSHALI BACHAT ACCOUNT

 Saving type account
 Rate of return is 8% per annum
 Profit calculated on daily basis
 Profit paid on half yearly basis
 Utility bills can be debited through this a/c
 No charges will be debited for utility payments

KHANUM BACHAT SCHEME

 Designed to support small savings of people
 Depositing money for 10 years

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 No return until 10 year

 Payments are made on monthly basis
 No limit for monthly payments
 After 10 year return will be on fixed rates

TERM DEPOSITS
Term deposits are fixation of certain amount of money for a specific
span of time. These can be of majorly two types i.e. short term notice
deposits and long term notice deposits. Different rates are charged for
different period of times like as shown by following table. If presented
before maturity then previous period rate would be charged.

Duration Rate Of Interest

01 month 08.1%
02 month 10.1%
03 month 11.0%
06 month 11.5%
01 year 12.5%
02 year 13.3%
03 year 14.5%
05 year 16.4%

The instrument term deposit is like a slip containing issuing bank name,
a/c # to operate on computer, deal #, customer name, reference #, date
of issue, amount, rate maturity date etc.

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CALL DEPOSITS
These call deposits are presented in the bidding process as guarantee
or security from the bank that this much money is deposited in the bank.
These are made in the favor the party offering contract or any other
person. The bank offer no interest rate on it because these can be
called at any time. For encashment the applicant must have to
cancelled the call deposit instrument from its beneficiary. For collection
the beneficiary usually send the authority letter for paying in the shape
of Demand Draft or pay order. The call deposit instrument containing
the information regarding applicant and beneficiary name, joint name
a/c opened, signature cards for encashment, reference #, amount, date
of issue, authorized signature etc.

OTHER PRODUCT / SERVICES

The privatization process for the expansion and
diversification of economic activities in the country also
demanded the introduction of new banking products. MCB
took initiative in this direction and for the first time MCB
devised and marketed new products and services with
brand names to enter the varying requirements of its
diverse customers. MCB currently have following products
or services in banking sector that are making it more
prominent in the banking sector:
 Night Banking
 Fax Utility
 Consultancy Services
 Traveler Cheques

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 Self Supporting Scheme

 Utility Bills Collection
 Credit Cards
 ATM

CONSULTANCY SERVICES
In the process of privatization of public sector units,
prospective buyers need professional assistance and MCB,
with its expertise offers to their specialized service for
valuation of the market value of the industrial unit,
preparing bid documents and arranging finance for the
purchase of the unit.

SELF SUPPORTING SCHEME

 Loan for poor/needy people
 No mark-up charged
 Maximum amount of Rs. 25,000/=
 Minimum amount of loan Rs. 5,000/=

FAX utility
 Pioneer to introduced Fax for customer service.
 Facilitates speedy transfer of funds.
 Within an hour any where in Pakistan.
 Charges are debited to Customer account.

NIGHT BANKING SERVICES

 To facilitate business community

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 Only in commercial trades centers premises

 Clients can make deposits upto 8:00 pm
 Date moved to next for all such transaction

UTILITY BILLS COLLECTION

 Utility bill collection for maximum customers
 Objective is to create interaction with customers
 Currently 1050 branches are performing this job

MCB RUPEE TRAVELERS CHEQUE

 Can be a safest way to carry cash
 Cheque is accepted at trade centers & branches
 No need to be a/c holder for traveler cheques
 Cheque is signed once when issued.
 Upon delivering second signed are made
 In case of theft no fair to encash
 But informing bank is necessary if thefted

ATM (Automated Teller Machine)

 Minimum balance of Rs. 500/=
 No charges are debited per transaction
 Only two hundred per annum debited

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REMITTANCES
The need of remittance is commonly felt in commercial life particularly
and in every day life general. A major function of any banking system is
the transfer of funds from one client or one place to another. By
providing this service to the customer the bank earns a lot of income in
the form of service charges. This department deals with local currency
remittance i.e. remittance from one city to another without actually
carrying the currency. MCB uses following instrument for transferring of
money:

 Demand Drafts (DD)

 Pay Order (PO)
 Telegraphic Transfer (TT)
 Mail Transfer (MT)

Demand Drafts (DD)

DD is a written order given by the branch of the bank on behalf of the
customer to other branch of the same bank to pay the certain amount to
the customer. DD are issued for the particular place other than place of
issuance. A drafts is a Cheque drawn by a bank on its own branch or
any other branch of another bank at a different place requesting it to
pay on demand a specified amount of money which is already received
to the person named on it. DD is of following two types:

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 DD payable
 DD Paid Suspense a/c

In the first type as advice reaches for payment the immediately pay to
the customer while in later as DD presented by the customer, it is paid
and the suspense account is debited.

Documentation
A printed application form is provided for filling in completely and
signing by the applicant. After depositing an amount of draft and
commission of the bank, duly completed and signed by two authorized
officers, then it is handed over the applicant and credit order is
dispatched to drawee branch. Following are the pre-requisites for the
processing of DD:

 Bank Serial No
 No. of DD
 Central No
 Test Key
 Rs.60 Postage charges
 0.02% With holding tax

Pay Order
For this kind of remittance the payer must have the account in the
issuing bank. Pay order are more liquid as compared to cheques
because cheques may be dishonored while PO can’t be. It is written
order issued by the bank drawn and payable on itself. It is used for local

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transfer of money from one person to another person. It is also used by

the public for depositing money with Government or Semi Government
department.

DOCUMENTATION
The party who requires a pay order will get a printed application from
the bank. He will fill it and deposits the amount and commission. The
bank charges are same as on demand draft.

 Bank Serial No.

 No. of PO
 Central No.
 0.02% With holding tax

TELEGRAPHIC TRANSFER (TT)

In this case the authority is given from one bank to other on the behalf
of the customer through telecommunication to debit their inter office
account through them and credit their parties account mentioned in TT.
It is an inter bank transaction. Telegraphic transfer is an instant transfer
of funds. Through this method applicant can transfer money from one
place to another place. There are two types of TT, Both types of TT are
maintained in separate registers, test is applied by the manager of
every amount of TT.
 Incoming TT
 Outgoing TT

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An Internship Report

Applicant has to fill a form along with depositing amount to be

transferred and bank commission. MCB charges the commission at the
same rate as in the case of demand drafts.

Documentation
 Issuing Branch Name & Code
 Beneficiary Branch Name & Code
 No. of TT
 60 Rs Postage and 140 Rs for Fax
 Amount in words & Figure
 0.02% With holding tax
 Test key

Mail Transfer (MT)

As the name shows, it is transfer of money in the shape of document
through mail. Procedure is like TT. The transfer of funds from one place
to another by mail is called Mail Transfer (MT). The MT can be foreign
or domestic. The applicant who is desiring to remit the funds by way of
Mail Transfer can either deposit cash or ask the bank to debit his/her
account with the cost of MT including the bank charges. These all
measures are for safe transfer of funds.

Documentation
 Issuing Branch Name & Code
 Beneficiary Branch Name & Code
 Number of MT

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 Amount in words & Figure

 0.02% With holding tax
 Test key

C A S H D E P A R T M E NT
In cash department both deposits and withdrawals go side by side. This
department works under the accounts department and deals with cash
deposits and payments. This department maintains the following
sheets, books, ledger of account:

 Cash received voucher sheet.

 Cash paid voucher sheet.
 Paying-in-slip
 Cheque Book
 Cash balance book

Cash department is performing its job completely through computers.

The following staff members are performing their duties with patience
and hard work. Only two peoples are working in cash department
named Mr. Ashraf OG-II and Mr. Arshad OG-III with one computer with
them.

Cash Paid Sheet

The only instrument that can be used to withdraw an amount from an
account is the Cheque book. No payments are made by another
instrument. Cheques can be of two types, they may be presented at the
counter and encashed and the others are clearing or transfer cheques.

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Cashier manually inspect the Cheque for following:

 Signature & date

 Cross cutting
 Drawee’s a/c title
 Amounts in words & figures
 Two signatures at the back

The cheques should not be stated as post dated. If in the Cheque there
may discrepancy regarding any of the aspects described above the
cheque is returned to the customer for rectification. On other hand if the
cheque is valid in all respects, the cashier enters the necessary inputs
in the computer and post the entry so that account balance is updated.

When cashier posts these entries, computer automatically display the

balance before posting the transaction amount, balance after posting.
The cashier easily and quickly see whether the amount being withdrawn
so exceed the balance or within the balance. If the amount does exceed
the balance then it is upon the discretion of the manager to allow an
overdraft and not depending upon the customer’s reputation. If he does
not allow an over draft, the procedure is repeated again as described for
the mismatch of the signature Cheque is return.

The detail of notes (currency) is written on the back side of the Cheque.
The cashier at the same time maintain the “Cash Voucher Received
Record Sheet”. Then once again inspect the signature of the customer
cancellation mark of checking officer and stamp of “POSTED” is placed
on cheque before hand over the cash to customer.

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Cash Received
For depositing the cash into customer’s accounts, there is need to fill in
the paying-in-slip giving the related details of the transaction. This
paying-in-slip contains the date, a/c/no, a/c title, particulars, amount
being deposited and details of the cash. There are two portion of the
paying-in-slip. The depositor signs the one part of the paying-in-slip one
is retained by the bank to show an acceptance of the entries made in
the slip. The different colored paying-in-slip are used for all the types of
deposits. Only the slips related to a particular type of a/c is acceptable
by the bank. For example current paying-in-slip for current a/c and
saving paying-in-slips for saving a/c etc. The paying-in-slip serves as a
voucher to update to computerized transaction ledger. The transaction
ledger is only updated by paying-in-slip and Cheque. The cashier
responsible to receive both the paying-in-slip and cash from the
depositor. The cashier check the necessary details provided I the
paying-in-slip and accounts the cash and tallies with the amount
declared in the slip. If the amount does not tally with the cash given, the
deposit is not entertained until the customer remove the discrepancy.
On the other hand if the two amounts tally, the cashier fills in the “Cash
voucher received Record Sheet” and assigns a voucher no. to both the
transaction being made in the sheet and the slip. This voucher no. starts
with one and continue by serial increments of one for each day till the
closing of the sheet, the cashier fills the voucher no, an account, cash
day till the closing of the sheet. The cashier fills in the voucher no, an

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account of, cash entry in the related type of a/c and he post his initials
on both part of the voucher. Then the cashier send both to the
accountant who verifies all the entries in the two documents, if the
entries in the two documents, if the entries in the two documents tally
with one another, the accountant authenticates the two by singing on
the two documents and posting stamps on the slip. One part of the slip
is then returned to the customer and other is given to the computer
operator. A very important check is that the dates mentioned into the
two documents must be the same.

The 2nd cashier posts the transaction entries in computer ledger. This
ledger contains the a/c no, a/c title, voucher no, voucher date,
transaction code, transaction amount. After posting these entries,
computer display before posting balance and after posting. On every
transaction computer generates an output of transaction ledger. He
assigns the stamp “POSTED” on the voucher to show voucher
transaction entries are posted. Checking officer receive this voucher
and the compute output transaction ledge, he manually inspects the
entries of ledger and voucher. If both are tallied, he then signs the
ledger and put a mark of cancellation on the voucher. After the
verifications from the checking officer, cashier receives the voucher.

CASH BOOK BALANCE

At the end of the working day cashier is responsible to maintain the
cash balance book. The cash book contain the date, opening balance,
detail of cash payment and received in figures, closing balance,
denomination of government notes (Currency). It s checked by
manager. The consolidated figure of receipt and payment of cash is

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entered in the cash book and the closing balance of cash is drawn from
that i.e.

Opening Balance Of Cash + Receipts - Payments = Balance

The closing balance of today will be the opening balance of tomorrow.

This department is one of the most important department of the bank.
All the books maintained in this department are checked by officer.

CLEARING DEPARTMENT

All the external functions of clearing are carried by NIFT (National

Institute of Facilitation Technology) while the internal operations are
performed by clearing department which would be discuss later. NIFT is
providing tremendous facilitation having error rate of 0.3%. It is just like
any courier service which takes the cheques of other banks and delivers
the cheques of that branch to it.

Clearing is a system by which banks exchange cheques and other

negotiable instruments drawn on each other within a specified area and
thereby securing the payment for its clients through the clearing house.
A clearing house is a general organization of the banks at a given place,
Its main purpose is offsetting the cross obligation in the form of
cheques. When there are many banks in the country each will receive a
number of cheques drawn on other banks, deposited within for
collection. A clearing house is an organization where these cheques are
brought and the mutual claims of each bank on the other are offset and
a settlement is made by the payment of differences. The

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representatives off all the banks in Pakistan attend office of the bank
which is performing these duties of clearing house, on each business
day at a fixed time. They deliver cheques that their bank may have
negotiated and receive in exchange cheques drawn on their bank
negotiated by other bank. The responsibility of smooth cooperation of
the clearing function lies with the State Bank of Pakistan.

The operation of clearing refers to the collection of cheques drawn on

other banks. These cheques may be drawn on UBL, HBL, NBP, or any
other bank of Pakistan. The respective clerk collects all cheques and
enter them in clearing Register. Then he affix a stamps on these
cheques and sorts out cheques of different banks and prepares.
schedule for them. These cheques are sent to clearing house. State
Bank of Pakistan has extended the service of Clearing House. MCB will
receive all the cheques drawn by other banks. Finally they exchange
their cheques mutuality. MCB representative will give cheques of UBL,
HBL, ABL, NBP, and SBP to their representatives, and get the cheques
drawn on MCB from these representative.

Further they settle their account. State Bank of Pakistan representative

will work out the balances and will settle their account from their
balances with State Bank of Pakistan. The amount of the cheques are
credited in the account of depositor on the 2nd or 3rd day. If the
cheques are not returned it is under stood that all the cheques are
honored.

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Credit
Department

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ADVANCES DEPARTMENT

It is another major department of the branch. Bank provides this facility

to the people who need advance money to meet their requirements. For
getting the advances, the first step is the preparation of credit proposal.
Some principles of lending are considered whenever financing being is
made. These principles are:

 Character
 Capacity
 Collateral
 Capital
 Condition

REQUIRED INFORMATION
 An assessment of his business abilities
 Accurate & up-to-date financial statements
 Market reports about the borrower
 Party dealing with other banks
 Nature and structure of borrower business
 Names of proprietors, partners or Directors
 Detail of companies associated with borrower business
 Financial condition of borrower business

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PREPARATION OF CREDIT PROPOSAL

At first, a formal application for credit approval is obtained from the party
along with complete group position. The parties credibility report is also
obtained from the banks from which the party has been doing the
business. The party creditability report is also taken from the head office
of Trade information Division.

For obtaining credit, party has to submit the last two years Balance
Sheet and Profit & Loss Statement duly attested but authorized
auditors. If the party also involve in export or import business then the
bank also consider the data of three years about imports and exports.
The Current and Debt equity ratio is also calculated by the bank.
Then recommendations are made the type of data required to prepare
the credit proposal is to be gathered from different departments. Some
data is obtained from the foreign exchange department. Some data is
obtained from current account department and some data is available in
Advance Department. The purpose for which the financing is required
should be explained very clearly. The securities offered by the party to
the bank is also evaluated. In case of pledging of the property in shape
of land or building the complete evaluation of the property should also
be attached.
After all the requirements and necessary documents for applying for
advances is fulfilled by the party then, the case is sent to the Chief
Manager for approval. If the manager find any discrepancies, he may
write on these documents. If the credit limit is in his range, he may
approve the party for credit. If the amount is exceeding the Chief
Manager send the case is forward to the Circle Office for approval and
here the same procedure is repeated and if the credit amount is in the

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range of GM, he can approve and if the credit amount is very large from
Circle Office, the case is then sent to Head Office and if it is a real big
then is to be decided by Board of Director. MCB provides advances
which are two types. These are two types of advances:

 Secured Advances
 Unsecured Advances

In secured advances, the bank takes any security against the loans
while in case of unsecured advance no security is taken by the bank.

ADVANCES TYPES
MCB usually classified advances in to following types:

 Agricultural Advances
 Commercial Advances
 Industrial Advances

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COMMERCIAL ADVANCES
MCB divided the advances in to two major types:

 Fund Based
 Non Fund Based

In the fond base advances, the funds of MCB is involved and in

Non Fund based only guarantee is given by the bank.

Fund Base Advance

MCB have following Fund base facilities of advance in its
corporate branches. The details of these types would be later.
These are as follows:

 Demand Finance (DF)

 Cash Finance (CF)
 Running Finance (RF)
 Foreign bills purchased (FBP)
 Local Manufacturing Machinery (LMM)
 Payment against document (PAD)
 Finance against imported goods (FIM)
 Finance against purchase collection (FACP)
 Finance against foreign bills (FAFB)
 Export Refinance Part I (Pre Shipment)
 Export Refinance Part I (Post Shipment)
 Export Refinance Part II

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DEMAND FINANCE
This is a type of secured loan and demand loan never allowed
without security. It is a type of long term financing. MCB also
gives loan under the head of demand finance to individuals,
industrial units commercial business etc.

CASH FINANCE
In this, the borrower gives a specific reason for the need of cash. MCB
gives the facility of cash credit to business. The amount is passed
through voucher and credit to the party account. Normally 0.60 paisa
per thousand is charged on daily basis to customer.

RUNNING FINANCE
These finances as evident by the name are given to the business to
meet their daily needs. The mark up is charged on daily balances. This
type of advances are given to trade, commerce and manufacturing for
general purpose. Normally 0.60 paisa per thousand is charged is
charged on daily basis. It is drawn through Cheque.

FINANCE AGAINST IMPORTED MERCHANDISE

This type of advances are granted against the pledge of imported
merchandise. The goods imported are pledged by bank. Bank pays all
the charges to exporter and customs and keeps the goods in its control.
On payment from the client to bank, the bank releases these goods.

EXPORT REFINANCE PART-I PRE-SHIPMENT

This type of loan is provided by the bank to the customer at the rate of
12% for the period of 150 days. The bank provides this type of advance

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facility to those exporters who have not enough money to make

shipment. To promote the export, the government pursue the Banks to
provides loans to the exporters.

EXPORT REFINANCE PART-I POST SHIPMENT

This type of facility is provided to the customers who have enough
amount of money to make first shipment but not more. So the bank
issues a loan to the exporter, this financing is for period of 150 days.
Finance is provided by the SBP to exporters for the purchase of raw
material and for its processing packing and shipment. The mark up rate
currently set by the SBP is 12%. In case, if the party is unable to make
the shipment within 150 days of financing. The party has to pay certain
amount of finance as asked by the SBP and after 150 days the markup
rate also charges up @ 60 paisa per thousand per day. So usually
exporters tries to make the shipment within the fixed period set by the
SBP which is usually 150 days.

EXPORT REFINANCE PART-II

In this case the bank after receiving the performance of years in export
business of the party the limit is set for a period of one year. Here the
limit cannot be set by the terms pledged of the permission of the bank.

FINANCE AGAINST PURCHASE OF COLLECTION DOCUMENT

The bank provides this type of advance facility to those exporters who
have not enough money to make shipment. A bill(Cheque, draft, etc.)
may be purchased by the bank. Bank pays the amount to the client after
deducting its commission.

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FINANCE AGAINST FOREIGN BILLS

This facility is given to the exporter, If he needs an urgent money. Bank
also provides finance against the foreign bills. He gives bills of
exchange to the bank as a security and bank send these bills for
collection and bank gives money to he exporter.

FOREIGN BILL PURCHASE

The exporter which are under L/C are also provided with the facility of
loan. Amount is given to the exporter after the approval of L/C by the
issuing bank.
LOCAL MANUFACTURING MACHINERY
The bank provides this facility to the business man who wants to buy
the local manufactured machinery. LMM funds are provided by the SBP.
Rate of markup for this type of loan facility is 12% on this type of loan.

PAYMENT AGAINST DOCUMENT

Bank make the payment to party against document and upon expire
date. Bank receives back money with mark up in this type of lending.
Upon receipt of the documents negotiated by the sellers bank. The
opening bank makes sure that documents are according to terms and
conditions of the credit.

Agriculture Credit
Banks Agriculture division deals with the agriculture advances. Bank
provides the Agriculture Advances in order to enhance and support the
agriculture sector of the country. Agriculture advances are of the two
types. The types are as follows:

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 Farm Credit
 Non Farm Credit

FARM CREDIT
These are the credits provided by the MCB for the purchases of inputs
for development of agriculture sector. Following are two main sub
classes of Farm Credit.

 Production Finance
 Development Finance

PRODUCTION FINANCE
These are short term loans. These loans are provided to farmers for
purchases of different type of input, for example, Seeds, Fertilizers,
Pesticides. These loans are provided against personal guarantees or
mortgage of land as a security. Rate of profit for these loans is 10%.

DEVELOPMENT FINANCE
These are medium or long term loans. These loans are provided for the
development of agriculture sector. Main purpose of these loans are to
purchase instrument:

 Tractors
 Implements(Trolley, Thresher etc.)
 Installation of tube-well
 Planting of garden

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The loans are disbursed against security of land (mortgage) or any

other security acceptable to bank. The rate of profit for these loans is
11% to 17%.

NON FARM CREDIT

Second major form of agriculture advance is Non-Farm Credit. These
loans are provided against mortgage of land as a security or pledge of
equipment as a Collateral security. These are medium or long term
investment depending up the project. These loans are provided to boost
up agriculture sector to provide the sources of earning of foreign
exchange as well as to provide employment to people. Following are
the different types of small industries for which loans are provided to
improve the economy of the country:

 Fish Farm
 Cattle Farm
 Poultry Farm
 Dairy Farm

Securities
Bankers lend money in the form clean advances against promissory
note as well as secured advances against tangible and marketable.
These reports are only valid MCB normally allow the advances to the
customers against the following types of securities:

 Bankers Lien
 Mortgage

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 Pledges
 Hypothecation

Bankers Lien
This type of security is accepted in case of advances against share, life
policies, bonds, ornaments and fixed deposits etc. It is type of most
liquid security.

Mortgages
There are two types of Mortgage. These are following:

• Legal Mortgage
• Equitable Mortgage

Legal mortgage and equitable mortgage are accepted in case of

immovable properties like land, building and machinery etc.

Pledge
This type of security is accepted in case of stocks or raw materials. In a
pledge, the borrower has not right to sell the stocks with the permission
of bank.

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Foreign
Exchange
Department

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FOREIGN EXCHANGE

H. E. Evit states that “the means and methods by which right to wealth
express in terms of currency of one country are converted into rights to
wealth in term of the currency of another country are known as foreign
exchange”.

Encyclopedia Britannic defines Foreign Exchange as “a system by

which commercial nations discharges their debts to each other”.

WHY?
 Nature has granted its wealth unevenly
 Need of Imports & Exports
 Because no international Money unit exists

IN MCB
This department works like general banking department with the
difference that it deals in foreign currencies like US ($) and Pound
Sterling, Dutch Mark (DM), Euro and Japanese Yen (Y). This
department deals with the following products/services:

 Foreign Currency Accounts

 Foreign Remittances
 Foreign Bills for Collection
 Selling of Government Certificates

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 Imports & Exports

Foreign Currency Accounts

These accounts can be operated foreign national and Pakistani
National. The foreign currency department deals with the following
types of accounts:

• Dollar Khushali account

• Current account
• Saving bank account
• Term deposit
• Prime Currency Scheme

Foreign accounts are convertible on floating rate available to the bank.

The account holder is free to operate the account. To the extent of
available balance, for remittance any where in the world in the world
and for whatever purpose. Remittances in any convertible foreign
currency can be accepted, these remittances will however be converted
into US $, pound sterling, DM and Japanese Yen at the ruling rate
before crediting to these foreign currency accounts.

Travelers cheques, drafts, telegraphic transfers and pay orders are

accepted for deposit. The interest earned on these deposits (saving
accounts and term deposits) is credited in foreign currency and is also
remittal freely. The interest earning is exempted from income tax and no
Zakat deductions are made from the account. The balances in these
accounts are freely transferable anywhere. No permission for the

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remittances from State Bank of Pakistan is required. Traveler cheques

can be issued to the extent of deposit in the account.

Term Deposit Accounts

 Issued in US $ and sterling
 Duration of 3 months
 Interest in paid at maturity

Dollar Khushali Account

This scheme is introduced by MCB is 1994. It is service oriented
scheme is US dollar Currency. This account can be opened by all
Pakistani and Foreign national residing in Pakistan or abroad.

Features
 Profit is paid on daily basis.
 Conversion in Rs. From dollar through FEBC.
 No restriction on number of withdraw
 No Deduction of Zakat & Income tax
 Minimum balance to open US $ 100.

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Prime Currency Scheme

Prime Currency Scheme is a saving account of MCB which can be
opened for four types of currencies these are US ($), UK (t), Japanese
Yen (Y), Douche Mark (DM). Remittances from abroad traveler Cheque,
foreign currency notes and foreign exchange generated by encashing
FEBC may be deposited in these accounts.

Features
 Can be opened under single/joint names
 Six months profits are paid
 Facility of FREX notes and travelers Cheque
 Foreigner and Foreign companies can open it
 Profits is given in foreign currency
 No restriction by SBP to open it
 No implementation of income tax
 No Wealth tax and Zakat deduction.
 A/c have the facility to take loan in Pak rupees

FOREIGN REMITTANCES
Remittances to abroad through telegraphic transfer is remitted to the
person to whom it is payable. Bank charges Rs.50/- as its commission.
Funds can be transferee abroad either by drafts and telegraphic transfer
in US dollar and pound Sterling. For transferring money, Client must
give specific reason for sending money abroad. Without any specific
reason and proper identification of person who is remitting amount,

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bank avoids to transfer money. Similarly Money gram is used for inward
remittances:

 Foreign Bills for collection

 Government Bills for collection

Foreign Bill For Collection

Cheques and drafts in any other foreign currency deposited by account
holders are sent for collection. If the cheques are drawn within the
country i.e. Issuing Bank is in Pakistan then they are sent to respective
branches. If these cheques are drawn on other countries then these are
sent to respective countries. MCB credits the accounts of account
holder when these bills are realized. Banks credit his account with the
same rate of that day on which the Cheque was deposited with the
bank. Bank charges Rs.100/- as its commission and plus telephone/fax
charges if any.

GOVERNMENT CERTIFICATE
Foreign exchange department also deal with different certificates which
are issued by SBP, GOVT. of Pakistan. These are as follows:
 Dollar Bearer Certificate (DBC)
 Foreign Currency Bearer Certificate (FCBC)
 Foreign Exchange Bearer Certificate (FEBC)

The can be bought by Pakistan and Foreigners without any limit on their
purchases. Payment must be in convertible foreign currencies. These
certificates are issued at par for a period of three years in

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denominations of Rs.500,Rs.1000, Rs.10,000. The FEBC are

enchashable at any time. Upon enchasement after one year , the
holder of Rs.1000/- certificate get a return of Rs.14.5 . After two Rs.310.

These certificates can be purchased by making payment through

foreign currency accounts held in MCB Ltd. The FEBC can be
purchased abroad by paying in any convertible foreign currency. The
profit earned on these certificate, Zakat will be deducted. A after selling
these certificates amount is transferred to STATE BANK of Pakistan
.Bank not utilized the funds which is received from customer upon
conversion of D BC, FCBC and FEBC. Bank charges Rs.50 upto
Rs.10000 of value and 0.01% over Rs.10000 or equivalent.

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IMPORTS & EXPORTS

To enter into an import or export enterprise an individual must follow the
following steps, later I will discuss these in detail:

 Registration at Corporate Law Authority

 Membership with of Chamber of Commerce/association
 NIT # must be obtained from Income Tax Authorities
 Affidavit of not a government servant/ not been black listed
 Submit a photo copy of NID along with the documents
 Company must have a foreign currency account in any bank
 The individual/company must have registered at EPB
 The exporter/importer should have some party in contact

CLA Registration
There are three types of business, namely, Proprietorship, Partnership
or firm, and Corporations. The firms are registered at the office of
Registrar of Firms, where as the companies are registered at the office
of CLA. Depending upon the ownership and capital structure the
companies can be classified as private limited or public limited.
Before a company gets into the business of import or export it must be
registered at CLA. For this purpose an application along with all
necessary documents is submitted to CLA. The necessary data must
include:
 The company’s name
 Initial board of directors

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 Number of shares
 Address of company’s office
 The capital structure
 Number of directors

The CLA will process the application and after approval it will issue a
Certificate of Incorporation, under section 32 of Companies Ordinance
1984 (XL VII of 1984). Firms registered at Registrar Office are issued
form ‘C’ on their registration.

CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
It is essential for an importer/exporter to be member of some
recognized chamber or association. Normally the importer or exporter is
member of Chamber of Commerce, however, membership of other
chambers or associations like APTMA, APBUMA, etc. is also
acceptable. The importer/exporter applies for membership along with
admission fee of Rs.100 and annual subscription. After the serenity the
chamber or association issues a membership certificate.
The following information is required to be given along with application.
 Name of individual or firm & Address
 Name of directors or partners
 Particulars of business
 Import or export registration number
 National Tax Number
 Bank certificate (photo copy)
 National Identity Card copy
 Photo copy of form C from registrar

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Income Tax Office.

According to the rules the importer/exporter has to pay various taxes in
the national exchequer, like income tax, corporate tax, with holding tax,
sales tax, super tax, etc. For this purpose he must possess a national
tax number (NTN). If the individual/company is already paying income
tax then the NTN would have already been allotted. However, a new
exporter/importer individual or company would require fresh NTN.
Income tax return for registered firms. Income tax return for companies.
Documents required for obtaining NTN are:

 Copy of National Identity Card

 List of existing bank accounts
 Copy of certificate of registration
 Copy of partnership deed
 Copy of certificate of incorporation
 NTN (for verification only)

EXPORT PROMOTION BUREAU

The most important part of the process of import/export is registration
with EPB. Before registration of EPB, all the above mentioned steps
must be completed. Furthermore, a foreign currency account must be
opened at some bank, dealing in foreign currency. An affidavit must
also be provided by the exporter/importer that he/she is not:

 Government Servant
 Black Listed

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The application to EPB is processed by the bank on behalf of

exporter/importer. The application form to be filled in by the
importer/exporter. A fee of Rs.1500 for export and Rs.1530 for import
registration must also accompany, which must be paid through pay
order. After registration at EPB the importer/exporter is permitted to
start with his/her business of export or import.

TRADE TERMS
There are many different methods in vogue for the transfer of title of
shipment in the import/export business. These methods are
internationally recognized terminology’s and describe the responsibility
of bearing cost and risk involved during transportation. These terms are
briefly described below:

Ex-Works
It means that the seller’s only responsibility is to make goods available
at his premises/factory. He is not responsible for loading the goods in a
vehicle provided by the buyer, unless otherwise agreed. The buyer
bears full cost and risk involved in bringing the goods from there to the
desired destination. This term represents minimum obligation for the
seller.

Delivered Duty Paid (DDP)

It signifies maximum obligation for the seller. When followed by words
naming buyer’s premises, it denotes that seller has to bear all costs and
risks till the goods are made available at buyer’s premises. If some

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costs are to be excluded these must be clearly mentioned e.g.

“exclusive of value added tax”.

Delivered at Frontier
The seller’s obligations are fulfilled when the goods have arrived at the
frontier but before customers border. Primarily used with rail or road
transport, this term may be used regardless of planned means of
transport. (In practice it is seldom used when goods travel by air or by
sea).

Free on Board (FOB)

The goods are placed on board a ship at the seller’s cost. The risk of
loss and damage is transferred to the buyer when the goods pass the
ship’s rail.

Cost and Freight (C&F)

The seller must pay the cost and freight to bring the goods to named
destination, but the risk of loss or damage is transferred to the buyer
when goods pass the ship’s rails.

Cost, Insurance & Freight

The seller must pay the cost, insurance and freight to bring the goods to
named destination. The seller has to procure the insurance against the
risk of loss or damage.

Freight Carriage Paid

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The seller pays the freight for the carriage of goods to the named
destination. However the risk of loss or damage is transferred to the
buyer when good have been delivered into the custody of the first
carrier.

Freight Carriage & Insurance

In addition to cost and freight the seller must pay for the insurance to
bring the goods to the named destination. The seller has to procure
insurance against the risk of loss and damage.

Free Alongside Ship

The seller’s obligations are fulfilled when the goods are placed
alongside the ship on the quay. The buyer has to bear the cost and
risks form that moment including clearing the goods for export.

Ex-Ship
The seller has to make the goods available to the buyer on board the
ship at the destination, bearing full cost and risk of bringing there.

Ex-Quay
The seller makes the goods available to the buyer on the quay (wharf)
at the destination, bearing full cost and risk of bringing the goods there.

FOB Airport
The seller fulfills his obligation by delivering the goods to the air carrier
at the airport. The risk of loss and damage is then transferred to the
buyer.

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FREE ON RAIL/TRUCK/CARRIER
These terms have similar implications as FOB, except that these are
used with rail or truck. The term has been designed to meet the
requirements of modern day transport as container carried by trailer or
ferries. The seller fulfills his obligations when he delivers the goods into
the custody of the carrier at the named point. At that time the risk of loss
and damage is transferred to the buyer.

LETTER OF CREDIT

The marketing of merchandise in foreign involves a long period of time,

the seller or exporter may be unable to carry the burden of financing,
such a lengthy transactions for he may not wish to tie up his capital for
such a long period. It is the assurance of the bank that the payment
would be made on completion of transactions in terms of L/C. The terms
of credit could be documents against payments (DP) or documents
against acceptance (DA).

TYPES OF L/C
There are several methods for making payment of an import or export
transaction. These are listed below:

Irrecoverable Letter Of Credit

The issuing bank (importer’s bank) gives a lasting undertaking to accept
and pay bills drawn upon it, to the exporter, upon fulfilling the terms and
conditions stipulated in the Letter of Credit (LC). It gives complete
protection to the exporter.

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Recoverable Letter of Credit

The issuing bank (importer’s bank) can modify the LC without any
obligation on its part. These are usually not accepted by the exporters.

Confirmed Letter of Credit

This kind of LC has the protection of the credit standing of the importer’s
as well exporter’s banks. The exporter’s bank which confirms this LC,
takes full responsibility of making payment if the importer’s bank fails to
do so.

Unconfirmed Letter of Credit

Though the issuing bank gives a commitment to honor the drafts,
however, it does not give any guarantee. From the exporter’s point of
view confirmed irrecoverable LC is the best form of receiving payment.

Modes of Payment
There are four modes payments which are as follows:

• Deferred Credit
• Sight Credit
• Acceptance Credit
• Negotiation Credit

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Deferred Credit
The draft is issued by the importer and presented to the bank by the
exporter along with documents (bill of loading, invoice, and insurance).
The payment is made by the bank on maturity of draft.

Sight Credit
The draft is issued by the importer and presented to the bank by the
exporter along with documents (bill of loading, invoice, and insurance).
The payment is made by the bank if it finds the documents correct.

Acceptance Credit
Bank confirmed that document have been received and payment would
be made within certain time period.

Negotiation Credit
The issued L/C can discounted at any bank and got the amount money
that he required against the L/C issued by the bank.

SHIPPING CLEARANCE
Import or export license is no more required for clearance at customs.
Only requirement is to have registration EPB as importer or exporter.
The imported or exported goods must confirm to the trade policy. The
goods have been categorized as:

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Negative List
Goods not permitted to be exported or imported e.g. old machinery, old
tires, export of antiques, obscene and sectarian literature, etc.

Prohibited/ Restricted Goods

These items can be imported or exported but subject to certain
conditions e.g. boilers, medicines, animals, seeds, arms and
ammunition of certain bores.

Procedures

The import and export business is not also a profitable business but
also, it helps in improving country’s economic condition. To improve our
country’s balance of payments we must concentrate upon increasing
exports. Though the specific procedures might differ from product to
product, the major steps follow the same line. The knowledge of such
like process would be useful for an MCB in the practical field.

IMPORTS
When the goods arrive at port or dry port, the importer will file the Bill of
Entry giving the detail of imports, Value of imports, Rate of duty &Tariff.

Customs appraisal officer will carry out an assessment of goods

according to the rules/tariff manual. Depending upon the assessment
following taxes will be remitted by the importer: Custom duty based
upon ad valorem, specific rate or both. Sales tax - 15% of ad valorem +
custom duty. With-holding tax 4% of ad valorem + custom duty + sales

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tax. Regulatory duty as imposed by the government from time to time

under the power of customs act.

EXPORTS
To dispatch the shipment, the exporter will submit shipping bill. The
customs appraisal officer will examine the goods for correctness of
declared description, value, and claimed duty drawback. Thereafter the
goods will be allowed for shipping.

Pre-Shipment Inspection
When a bank confirms letter of credit it only guarantees that the
payment will be made after shipment. In other words it assures
shipment but relies on exporter to ship the goods described in the
document. To prevent losses due to substandard shipment, the
importers, nowadays, rely upon pre-shipment inspection agencies for
inspection and appraisal of goods. One example of such company is
COTECHNA. These companies help the importer in establishing correct
value of goods prior to shipment.

REBATES, CONCESSIONS & DUTY

DRAWBACK
The government gives incentives to the importers and exporters in
the shape of concessions and rebates/ duty drawback. For
example concessions have been given to the importers of:

 10% duty without sales tax in Textile Machinery

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 Duty exempted up to 300MW Power Plants

 Leather Machinery & other Export oriented Goods

Some concessions are provided on freight as recently it has been

provided to the textile sector @ 25% on the export of non quota
woolen and silk products from export development fund.

Duty Drawback
When some raw materials are imported from abroad, the taxes are paid
upon them as part of import policy. If this raw material is consumed in
manufacturing of exports, the government compensates the exporter by
refunding the taxes (previously collected), in the shape of duty
drawback. The rates of duty drawbacks are announced by the
government from time to time. For example recently duty drawback
rates have been announced for textile industry.

Procedure
After the export remittances have been released by the bank, the
exporter will send application to the rebate section of the custom
department. After carrying out assessment, the Cheque is issued by the
treasury department of customs.

Now the government has announced t allow the commercial banks to

process the duty drawback claims and make payments within the laid
down parameters.

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The steps involved in any international trade transaction are

enumerated here.

 The Pakistan Importer places an order with the 4.5 exporter and
asked the American if he would be willing to ship under L/C.
 The US exporter agrees to ship under a L/C and specifies
relevant information such as prices and delivery terms.
 Power Plants The Pak. Importer applies to MCB for a L/C to be
issued in favor of the US exporter for the merchandise the
importer wishes to buy.
 MCB issues a L/C in the Pak. Importer’s favor and sends it to
the US exporter’s bank, the Bank of New York.
 The bank of New York advises the US exporter of the opening
of a L/C in his favor.
 The US exporter ships the goods to the Pak. Importers on a
common carrier. An official of the carrier gives the exporter a
bill of lading.
 The US exporter presents a 90-days (suppox) draft drawn on
MCB in accordance with its L/C and the bill of lading to the
bank of New York. The US exporter endorses bill of lading so
title to the goods is transferred to the Bank of New York.

 The Bank of New York sent the draft and bill of lading to MCB.
MCB accept the draft taking possession of the documents and
promising to pay the now accepted draft in 90-days.
 MCB returns the accepted draft to the Bank of New York.
 The Bank of New York tells the US exporter that it has received
the accepted bank draft, which is payable in 90 days.

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 The exporter sells the draft to the Bank of New York at a

discount from its face value and receives the discounted cash
value of the draft in return.
 MCB notifies the Pak. Importer of the arrival of the documents.
He/She agrees to pay MCB in 90 days. MCB releases the
documents so the importer can take possession of the
shipment.
 In 90 days MCB receives the importer’s payment, so it has
funds to pay the maturing draft.
 In 90 days the holder of the matured acceptance (In this case,
the Bank of New York) presents it to the MCB for payment.
MCB pays.

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Swot
Analysis

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SWOT
STRENGTH
MCB is the first Pakistani privatized bank and because of its quality
management, marketing, innovation in products and services. Owing to
all such factors they have established a good reputation in the banking
market. The name of MCB makes you recall the highly cooperative and
professional individuals ready to serve you with maximum zeal and
zest.

MCB have faster banking services that are making it more prominent in
the banking industry especially in operations and Foreign exchange.
The customer prefers this bank not only because of its faster speedy
service rather due to reasonable service charges.
MCB in Pakistan is the also in the list of highly automated banks like
Emirates because of its modern style of banking through fully
computerized control and twenty four hour banking.
The joining of experienced people, advanced management, advance
setup and facilities gave MCB an edge over its competitors.

WEAKNESSES

The majority of people are not well aware about the products of MCB.
Therefore it should advertise extensively especially RTC and Master
Cards.
A behavior has been noted that bank tries to feel at ease with good
looking, rich and educated people and the poor looking customers feel

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some bit strange in the environment of the bank. The bank employees
should try to accommodate behaviorally all type of customers.
In MCB there is lack of specialized skill because of job rotation policy of
human resource department. The bank should concentrate upon
increasing its abilities on individual service basis.

Mismanagement of time is another big mistake in MCB branches, the

bank official time of closing is 5:30pm but due mismanagent of time
allocation and work the staff is normally on their seats till 7:00 or 8:00
clock.

OPPORTUNITIES
As on December 31, 1998, sixty-eight scheduled banks with 9,106
branches are operating in Pakistan. As on this date, total population of
Pakistan is 140.03 million. Total number of personal accounts with all
scheduled banks as on December 31,1997, are 28.98 million. If we
consider the population statistics of working age group as on December
31,1997, it stands to the figure of 96.64 million. Thus we can say those
28% of working age people of Pakistan are having accounts with banks
while 72% are unbanked.

The need of privatization has made people to switch to banks to satisfy

their needs of lending and borrowing. This not only increases the
deposits but also the credit business.

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THREATS
Change in government policies have affected the banking business. Still
banks have to wait to get permission of state bank. The freezing of
foreign currency accounts is a vital example of letting people not to trust
on banks.
The Competition has become severe by the entrants of so many
banks, So to exist one will have to prove himself in its services through
excellent management and will have to satisfy its shareholders.
Otherwise he will be out the market.

The decrease purchasing power of consumer in the current economic

situation of the country affecting the business activity speed too much
and the result is the low investment from the investors in new projects
can create problem for the bank because it is working a lot in trade.

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Suggestions

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SUGGESTIONS
Bank must let potential customers know that all attractions for banking
exist. This is done by advertising on television and obtaining press
coverage, in conjunction with direct mail, window displays, leaflet in
branches and in appropriate other locations (such as hotels, shops,
etc.) and including leaflets in statement of accounts sent to existing
customers in the hope that they will tell potential customers about the
services provided by our bank.

Financially unsophisticated people might feel bank accounts, cheque

books, credit cards, etc. are difficult to understand and to keep control
thereof.
Some personal sector customers prefer not to come to branch. They
increasingly want to deal with the bank in other ways, such as home
banking or use of Automated Teller Machines (ATMs), which need to be
at the branch or some important shopping plazas.

It is widely known that there is a substantial Black Economy in

Pakistan, Where people earn income that is undisclosed to the
revenues authorities. Payments for goods and services in the black
economy are necessarily in cash, because transactions by cheques are
more likely to be exposed to the revenue authorities. Some people will
therefore avoid bank accounts to preserve secrecy of earnings.
One way to retain the personal sector customers is to offer a wide range
of services such as tax advice, free life insurance equivalent to amount
deposited, shares portfolio management, fund management facility,
etc., complimentary to the core services. Banks must have a slightly
different mix of services. Banks must have a slightly different mix of

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services and mean of providing these such that customers can choose
the mix that suits them best.
Arguably, there has been a little encouragement from banks to
persuade people to open a bank account. Opening hours are restricted,
and there is a commonly held belief that banks operate for their
convenience and not for the convenience of the customers.

A logic leads to promotional campaign through employers who are

customers of the banks and their employees are paid in cash. Such
business accounts should be encouraged to open the accounts of their
employees with the banks. It might be worth offering free banking for a
specific period to new accounts or simply publicizing the services
available by means of posters at the employer’s premises.

It might be possible to attract another type of personal customers

through business accounts, namely directors and denier employees,
etc. Again an incentive package could be put together.

The banks may choose to make its existing products distinctive or to

introduce new products. It is often easier to benefit from adverse
changes made by other banks than to attract customers by innovations.

A short term promotional technique is to offer price incentives, for

example, low interest rates on advances or limited issue high profit
bearing term deposits. Longer term, a Loss Leader may be offered. For
example, profit bearing current accounts are not very lucrative but any
bank can not afford not to offer these. The reduced profits can be
augmented by profits made on other products.

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It is also possible to attract/retain personal customers by investment in

new technology like ATMs and Telephone Banking facilities, which
made the services quicker, easier, cheaper and more flexible.

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