IRWM (Incl. Upto ACS 10) PDF
IRWM (Incl. Upto ACS 10) PDF
IRWM (Incl. Upto ACS 10) PDF
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GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS
(RAILWAY BOARD)
INDIAN RAILWAYS
WORKS MANUAL
Internet Version
Embodying all advanced correction slips
upto no. 10 dated 17.02.05
2000
FOREWARD
It is hoped that procedures and practices laid down in the Manual will be of
help to civil engineers in not only maintaining various buildings and structures with
better standards, economy and safety but also in generating much needed revenue
for Railways.
The Indian Railways Way & Works Manual was last published in 1967. On the
recommendation of the Track Standards Committee vide Item No.678 of the 49th Report, it was
decided to split the Manual into three separate parts, viz. Permanent Way, Bridges and Works.
The Permanent Way Manual was published in 1986 and the Bridge Manual has been published in
1998. With this Manual now being published, a long standing need has been fulfilled.
The work of revision was first undertaken by a Committee constituted vide Railway Board's
letter No.82/W-1/M-W/2 dated 30.3.87, consisting of Chief Planning & Design Engineers of five
Zonal Railways and Director, IRICEN. The Committee, however, could do only a part of the job
due to retirement of several Members. However, Railway Board nominated a Select Committee
vide letter No.82/W-1/M-W/2 dated 17.9.92. The revised draft Manual prepared by the Members
of this Select Committee was submitted to the Railway Board and was circulated to all the Zonal
Railways and Construction Organisations for their comments. After due consideration of the
comments and suggestions received from various Units, the finally revised edition in the present
form was prepared by IRICEN. This includes addition of clauses related to maintenance of
roads, handing over assets, felling of trees, management of land, water proofing of roofs etc.
While revising this Manual, provisions of other Codes and Manuals of Indian Railways
have been taken into account. As far as possible, provisions contained in existing Codes have
not been reproduced or repeated to avoid duplication leading to differing versions. Chapters on
Contracts, Engineering Stores & Accountal, Control over Expenditure and Deposit Works, which
existed in the earlier Way & Works Manual, are now a part of the Indian Railways Code for
Engineering Department,1993; hence not included in the present edition. Due consideration has
also been given to codes and standards published by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and
National Building Organisation(NBO).
All efforts have been made to make the instructions comprehensive. However, the Chief
Engineers of Zonal Railways may supplement or elaborate the practices and procedures contained
herein wherever necessary to suit local conditions on their Railways. Such instructions or orders
should not contravene the extant provisions of national Codes, Rules and guidelines as applicable
to Indian Railways.
Railway Board will be glad to consider any comments and suggestions from the Railway
Administrations.
1. Index letters for Codes - The following index letters are used for distinguishing the several Indian
Railway Codes from each other -
A - Accounts Department
E - Engineering Department
F - Financial Code
G - Administration & Finance - an Introduction
R - Establishment Code
S - Stores Code
T - Traffic Department (Commercial)
M - Mechanical Department (workshops)
2. Paragraph Numbers - For convenience of indexing of reference, the paragraphs have been
numbered according to 3 or 4 figures "Code", in which the last two figures give the number of the
paragraph and the remaining figures the number of the Chapter. Thus paragraph 101 of any code
is paragraph I of Chapter 1 of that code and paragraph 1421, paragraph 21 of Chapter XIV.
4. Index to Correction Slips - To facilitate reference to correction slips that have been issued to the
Codes, an up-to-date index of correction slips is published from time to time showing for each
Code the paragraph of rule numbers affected by correction slips and the numbers of such correction
slips. This index may be pasted inside the cover of each Code.
5. Reference year quoted against various codes and references mentioned in this Manual are the
latest available versions. These may be replaced by the subsequent versions whenever new
versions are issued.
HHHHHHH
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
General 101, Essential Duties of Assistant Engineer 102, Knowledge of Rules and Regulations 103, Co-
ordination with Officials of other Departments 104, Inspection by Higher Officials 105, Inspection by Assistant
Engineer 106, Execution and Monitoring of Works 107, Control Over Expenditure 108, Water Supply 109,
Land Management 110, Training 111, Witnessing Payments to Staff 112, Inspection of Offices and Stores of
Inspectors 113, Staff Matters 114, Relinquishment of Charge 115,
Duties 116, Knowledge of Rules and Regulations 117, Co-ordination with Permanent Way, Bridge and other
staff 118, Inspections 119, Musters 120, Execution of Works 121, Measurement of Works 122, Works
Affecting Moving Dimensions 123, Imprest of Tools and Materials 124, Accompanying Important Inspections
125, Witnessing Payment to Staff 126, Journal of Daily Duties 127, Establishment 128, Correspondence and
Records 129, Relinquishment of Charge 130.
CHAPTER II
Siting of Buildings 201, Planning of Railway Staff Colonies 202, General Design Requirement of Buildings
203, Water Supply to Stations and Staff Quarters 204, Scale of Fitments for Water Supply, Sanitation and
Drainage 205, Plinth Area for Various Types of Quarters 206, Basic Amenities in Staff Quarters 207, Type of
Flooring, Wall Surface and Colour of Wood and Steel Work in General 208, Use of New Materials 209, Colours
for Timber Steel-Work and Walls in General 210, Rest Houses 211, Allotment of Rest House 212, Railway
Institute 213, Construction of R.M.S. Buildings in Railway Premises 214, Buildings for Railway Police 215,
Construction of Quarters/Barracks for GRP Personnel by the Railway 216, Provision of Chicks and Venetian
Blinds 217, Additions and Alterations to Quarters 218, Block Numbering of Buildings and Structures 219,
Building Registers 220, Transfer of Buildings 221, Responsibilities of Staff Occupying Quarters 222,
Vacant Railway Buildings 223, Construction and Dismentling of Building Structures 223 A.
Inspection and Repairs 224, Monitoring of Maintenance 225, Periodical Maintenance Works 226, Standard
Measurement Registers for Buildings 227.
i
C. INSPECTION OF STRUCTURAL STEEL AND TIMBER WORK 46-107
BY ASSISTANT ENGINEER AND SUPERVISORS
Periodical Inspection 228, Details of Inspection 229, Erection of Steel Work and Roof Trusses 230, Maintenance
of Roads 231, Handing Over of Commissioned Assets by Construction Organisation to Open Line 232.
CHAPTER III
Sanitary Arrangements in Stations and Colonies 301, Railway Sanitation Committees 302, Constitution of
Sanitation Committees 303, Record of Minutes of Meetings 304, Inspection by Sanitation Committees 305,
Conservancy Work 306, Sanitary Protection of Installation 307, Deleted 308, Deleted 309.
CHAPTER IV
General 401, Categorisation of Stations 402, Minimum Essential Amenities 403, Recommended level of
Amenities 404, Desirable Amenities 405, Passengers Amenities at Model Stations 405 A, Allocation of
Expenditure 406, Maintenance of Passenger Amenities 407, Passenger Amenities Booklets 408, Booking
Offices 409, Waiting Halls 410, Platforms 411, Shady Trees on Platforms 412, Lighting 413, Drinking Water
Supply 414, Latrines, Urinals and Dustbins 415, Platform Covers 416, Foot Over Bridges or Sub-ways 417,
Waiting Rooms 418, Signages 419, Vending Trollies/Stalls 420, Retiring Rooms 421, Other General Items
422, Facilities for Physically Handicapped 423, Station Name Boards 424, Platform Sign Boards 425,
i
Time Table Boards and Faire Lists 426, Pictogram 427, Design of Station Complexes 428, Station Buildings
429, Approach Roads and Circulating Area 430. Categories of Stations for provision of Passenger Amenities-
Annex.4.1 (Para 402(b).
Minimum essential Amenities at each category of Stations - Annexure 4.2 (Para 403).
Scale of Minimum essential Amenities at Stations - Annexure 4.3 (Para 403).
Recommended Amenities - Annexure 4.4 (Para 404 ).
Desirable Amenities - Annexure 4.5 (Para 405).
Passenger Amenities Details - Annexure 4.6 (Para 408).
CHAPTER V
General 501, Preparation of Schemes for New Water Supply/Augmentation of Existing Water Supply 502,
Review of Water Supply Arrangements on the Railways 503, Data for a Estimating Requirements of Water
504, Capacity of Source 505,
Preliminary Measures for Sinking 506, Determination of Size 507, Improving Yield in Open Wells 508,
Shallow Tube-Wells 509,
Consultation with Geological Department 510, Stages of Work for Sinking 511, Checking Verticality of Tube-
Wells 512, Failure of Wells and the Remedial Measures 513, Disinfection of Wells 514,
Infiltration Gallery 519, Infiltration Well 520, Radial Collector Wells 521, Intake Arrangements 522, Water
Supply from Outside Sources 523,
F. PUMPS 138-140
Types and Selection of Pumps 524, Pump Installation 525, Driving Units 526, Capacity of Pumping 527,
Pump Horse Power 528,
Conveyance of Water from Source 529, Pipe Laying & Fitting of Valves and Meters 530,
iii
H. WATER TREATMENT 142-144
Quality of Water 531, Water Samples for Analysis 532, Method of Treatment 533, Disinfection of Water 534,
Residual Chlorine 535,
Storage Capacity 536, Maintenance and Cleaning of Storage Tanks 537, Float Gauges and Scouring Sluices
538, Protection Against Pollution 539,
Distribution System 540, Layout of Distribution Systems 541, Rising Mains not to be used for Distribution
542, Separate Supplies for Drinking and Other Purposes 543, Service Pipes from Mains 544, Residual
Pressure 545, Preventive Maintenance 546, Protection Against Pollution Near Sewer and Drains 547,
Carriage Watering System 548,
Check List for Water Supply Scheme - Annexure 5.1 (Para 502).
Standards of Quality of Drinking Water - Annexure 5.2 (Para 531).
CHAPTER VI
Adherence to Regulations 603, Sewerage Schemes 604, Designing of Sewers 605, Quantity of Sewage
606, Alignment of Sewer 607, Velocity of Flow 608, Ventilation in Sullage 609, Size of Sewer 610, Storm
Water 611, Manholes 612, Choice of Material for Sewers 613, Laying of Sewer Pipes 614, Sewage Disposal
615 , Septic Tanks 616, Aqua Privy Latrines 617, Bio-Latrines 618, Conservation of Water 619,
Recommended Toilet Systems 620,
iv
C. MAINTENANCE OF SEWERAGE AND DRAINAGE 165 - 167
General 621, Sewer Lines 622, Open Sullage Drains 623, Storm Water Drains 624, Disposal Works 625,
House Connections 626, Conservancy and Sanitary Arrangements 627, Maintenance of Sewerage System
628, Periodical Cleaning of Drainage System 629, Covered Stormwater Drains 630, Subsoil Drains 631,
Responsibilities of the Assistant Engineer and Staff 632.
CHAPTER VII
Maintenance 706, Incidence of Service 707, Provision of Lawns and Hedges in New Bungalows 708,
By Auction or by Tender 709(a), To State Forest Corporations etc. 709(b), Division of Lots 709(c), Fixing of
Reserve Price of Lots 710, Auction or Tender Notices and Agreement 711, Recording & Finalisation of Bids
712, Register of Sales of Natural Products 713, Licensing of Tanks and Borrow Pits for Pisiculture 714,
Felling of trees obstructing view 715, Felling outside Railway Limits 716, Felling in Compound of Staff
Quarters 717, Felling near Electrical or Telegraph Wires 718, Afforestation on Railway Land by Forest
Department 719, Survey of Surviving Trees 720, Hasrvesting of Matured Trees 721, Maintenance of Private
Parties 722, Training of Staff 723.
CHAPTER VIII
General 801, Ownership of Railway Land 802, Acquisition of Land 803, Relinquishment of Railway Land
804, Outstanding Cases of Acquisition and Relinquishment of Land 805,
v
B. LAND RECORDS, DEMARCATION AND 178 - 190
VERIFICATION OF RAILWAY BOUNDARIES
Land Records in CE's Office 806, Land Records in Divisional/Executive Engineer's Office 807, Demarcation
of Land Boundaries 808, Boundary Stones 809, Boundary Pillars on Banks of Rivers 810, Construction of
Boundary Wall in Areas having Habitation 811(i), Provision of Fencing as a rule 811(ii), Other Preventive
Steps 811(iii), Land Plans 812, Verification of Land Boundaries 813, Removal of Encroachments 814,
Division of Responsibility 815, Action to be taken while handing/taking over of charge by Supervisors 815 A
Liability for D & AR action 815 b Railway Land in Important Metropolitan & Commercial Cities 816, Maintenance
of Rights of Way 817, Religious Structures 818,
Basic Principles 819, Lease and License 820, Utilisation and Development of Available Land 821, Use of
Surplus Land 822, Licensing/Leasing of Railway Land to other Government Departments 823, Licensing of
Railway Land to Welfare Oraganisations, Private Schools etc. 824, Bulk Oil Installation on Railway Land 825,
Laying of Oil Pipelines 826, Construction of Government and Private Buildings near Railway Land 827,
Earning from Railway Land and its Monitoring 828.
CHAPTER IX
General Procedure 901, Plans for Other Departments 902, Sizes of Drawings 903, Titles and Numbering of
Drawings 904, Scale of Drawings 905, Details on Drawing 906, Symbols and Colours on Drawings 907,
Standard Drawings 908, Plans issued by the Chief Engineer's Office 909, Plans in Divisions/Dy. Chief
Engineer's, Assistant Engineer's and Section Engineer's Office 910, Completion Drawings 911, Care and
Filing of Tracing 912.
vi
CHAPTER X
General 1001, Issue of Instructions on Use of Explosives 1002, Observance of Rules 1003, Carriage of
Explosives 1004, Protection to Trains and Railway
Property 1005, Precautions to be observed during Blasting 1006, Misfires with Electrical Method of Firing
1007, Explosives Disposal 1008, Destruction of Explosives 1009.
C H A P T E R XI
General 1101, Police Jurisdiction 1102, Lodging of Complaints 1103, Cooperation with Government Railway
Police 1104, Cognizable Offences 1105, Non-Cognizable Offences 1106, Powers of Arrest by Railway Staff
1107, Warrants against Railway Staff 1108, Action by Railway Staff in cases of Attempted Sabotage 1109,
Answering of Court Summons 1110, Prevention of Trespass 1111, Disposal of Human Bodies Found Run
Over 1112, Disposal of Cattle found dead on the line 1113, Miscellaneous 1114.
Proforma for Lodging FIR - Annexure 11.1 (Para 1103).
CHAPTER XII
HHHHHHH
vii
LIST OF ANNEXURES
viii
LIST OF ANNEXURES
9.1 Border and Frame detailing of Drawings 903 (c) & 904 (a) 171
ix
DUTIES OF ENGINEERING OFFICIALS
1
DUTIES OF ENGINEERING OFFICIALS
of his inspection and ensure compliance nearby tracks and structures. Records of
of the instructions. these annual inspections should be kept in
registers as prescribed.
b) The important inspections to be carried
out by Assistant Engineer are summarised e) Assistant Engineer shall periodically
below - inspect land and land boundaries in his
jurisdiction as detailed in paras 813 and 814
i) Inspection of Buildings and Structures of this Manual.
The Assistant Engineer shall
systematically inspect all buildings and f) Assistant Engineer should associate
structures periodically as prescribed in himself with various Committees and Groups
para 228 and 229 of this Manual. He such as the Colony Committee, the Sanitation
shall record brief details of repair works Committee and the Station Inprovement
to be carried out and plan to carry out Group as decided by the Administration and
the same. take prompt action for items pertaining to his
He should also examine the Petty Repairs jurisdiction.
Book maintained by Section Engineer
(Works) at stations as prescribed in 107 Execution and monitoring of
para 225(a) of this Manual. Works:-
2
DUTIES OF ENGINEERING OFFICIALS
108 Control Over Expenditure - The 113 Inspection of Offices and Stores
Assistant Engineer shall exercise due care in of Inspectors - The Assistant Engineer shall
forwarding requisitions for materials and tools carry out inspection of each Section
to Divisional office for the execution of new Engineer's office and stores at least once a
works and maintenance of works, ensuring in year. Surplus/inactive items should be
all cases that the expenditure is within the identified during such inspections and action
budget allotment and provided for in the for their disposal/redistribution taken.
sanctioned estimate.
When checking Stores, he should pay
109 Water Supply : Adequate water particular attention to the imprest stores and
supply at each loco & coach water points, its distribution, engineering indicators,
stations, platforms, staff colonies and service protection equipment and other important items
buildings should be ensured. In advance of of Stores.
the hot weather as well as during hot weather,
when shortage of water is experienced in 114 Staff Matters - The Assistant
certain areas, the position at sources of supply Engineer will ensure, that -
should be carefully watched and timely action
taken to deepen failing wells or to establish (1) strict discipline is maintained within
alternative sources of supply. the frame work of the rules;
110 Land Management - The Assistant (2) service and leave records are
Engineer should take necessary action for maintained correctly and upto date;
management of land and shall prevent
encroachments and protect the land from (3) appeals and representations are
unauthorised use. He should organise tree dealt with promptly;
plantation, and horticulture.
(4) selections for the various posts like
111 Training - The Assistant Engineer artisans are held in time and the
should interest himself in training all vacant posts promptly filled up;
probationers sent to him for training and see
that the training is given according to the (5) all the subordinates and other
specified programme. He should periodically staff working under him receive
examine the notes made by them. proper training in maintenance
practices, safety and protection
112 Witnessing Payments to Staff - As rules at the appropriate stage.
far as possible, payments to staff shall be
made through cheques. Wherever cash 115 Relinquishment of Charge
payments are made, the Assistant Engineer
should witness payments to workmen under a)Instructions regarding "Transfer-of-
one or more Section Engineers every quarter charge" contained in paras 143 & 144 of the
by rotation. This should be done by surprise. Indian Railways Code for Engg. Deptt. (1993
Edition) should be followed. The Assistant
Engineers handing over and taking over
3
DUTIES OF ENGINEERING OFFICIALS
charge should carry out joint inspection of (vii) Afforestation and other horticulture
works as necessary. works.
Note: - Where Senior Scale Officers are (viii) He shall ensure proper training of
the lowest executive officers, their duties shall the staff under him as prescribed
be the same as prescribed for the Assistant in the training modules of the Civil
Engineers in this Chapter. Engineering Department.
4
DUTIES OF ENGINEERING OFFICIALS
5
DUTIES OF ENGINEERING OFFICIALS
of work being done in his charge and submit inspection, he should be in possession of the
progress reports periodically as prescribed. following, besides the Works Manual, Schedule
of Rates and the Standard Specification for
c) Additions and alterations to buildings Materials and Works etc.
and structures carried out should be carefully
noted and quantities shown in the Standard (i) Plans and details of all important
Measurement Register amended as works, recently completed, on hand
necessary with the approval of the or contemplated ;
Assistant Engineer /Divisional Engineer.
(ii) Progress report of works; and any
122 Measurement of Works - Every other papers and plans that are
Section Engineer (Works) shall be responsible likely to be required for discussion;
for proper measurement of contractual works
as per powers delegated to him as per paras (iii) Tape (15m & 2m ), and other tools
1315 to 1317 of the Indian Rlys. Code for and surveying equipment required
Engg. Deptt. (1993 Edition). He shall maintain during inspection.
movement register of Measurement Books and
Standard Measurement Registers for works. 126 Witnessing Payment to Staff
6
DUTIES OF ENGINEERING OFFICIALS
127 Journal of Daily Duties - The Section Engineer (Works) should maintain in
Section Engineer (Works) shall enter the works manuscript form records of staff working under
performed daily in the T.A. journal showing him in which he shall enter awards or penalties
therein his movements by train, trolley or road- of each staff as and when such entries are
vehicle and submit the same to the Assistant justified.
Engineer every month.
e) Provisions in the Payment of Wages
128 Establishment Act, the Workmen's Compensation Act and
other regulations - The Section Engineer
a) General conditions of Railway service (Works) shall ensure that the rules laid down
and rules relating to the conduct and discipline in the Acts and Regulations, as modified from
of Railway Servants are contained in the Indian time to time, are strictly complied with.
Railway Establishment Codes, and Discipline
and Appeal Rules. Section Engineer (Works) 129 Correspondence and Records -
should acquaint himself with these and The Section Engineer (Works) shall keep his
meticulously follow them. correspondence upto date and see that all
office records, registers and stores ledgers
b) Medical Examination - The Section are maintained properly and posted regularly.
Engineer (Works) shall ensure that all Group
'D' staff working under him are sent for 130 Relinquishment of Charge
medical examination for fitness for service.
He should ensure that men in categories A a) On relinquishing charge, the Section
and B specified in Regulation No.3 of Appendix Engineer (Works) shall prepare, in triplicate,
III to the Indian Railway Establishment Code the specified "Transfer-of-charge" statement
are sent for periodical medical re-examination which will briefly contain the following-
as laid down in sub-rule 2 thereunder.
(i) Extent of section ;
c) Service Books -(i) Service books for
Group 'D' staff should be prepared by the (ii) Establishment matters (service and
Section Engineer (Works) on the prescribed leave records);
form as soon as appointments in temporary/
permanent vacancies are made and submitted (iii) Works in progress ;
to the Assistant Engineer for verification and
signature. These should be carefully (iv) Water sources that give trouble ;
maintained in the Assistant Engineer's or
Section Engineer (Works)' office as may be (v) Certificate of stores check and
prescribed. correctness of stock;
7
DUTIES OF ENGINEERING OFFICIALS
and two copies submitted by the relieving d) The Section Engineers (Works)
subordinate to the Assistant Engineer who will handing over and taking over charge should
forward one copy to the Divisional/Executive together visit over the whole section, inspect
Engineer for record. each work in progress, check staff, all tools
and plant and materials.
c) The relieving Section Engineer will
examine all books pertaining to rules and Errors and discrepancies, which are
orders in vogue and all registers pertaining noticed, should be recorded in the statement
to the section to see that they are kept upto and the Assistant Engineer's special attention
date and initial them with date. invited to them.
8
DUTIES OF ENGINEERING OFFICIALS
ANNEXURE 1.1
Para 107(b)
PROFORMA FOR SUBMITTING PROGRESS REPORT
1 2 3 4 5 6
9
DUTIES OF ENGINEERING OFFICIALS
ANNEXURE 1.2
Para 107(b)
6. Flash Report for works costing over Rs.100 crores CAO/C Ministry of
Programme
Implementation
and to Rly.Bd.
10
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
CHAPTER II
c) Multi-storeyed quarters shall only be
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND constructed on consideration of land cost/land
MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND scarcity. For construction of independent
STRUCTURES OTHER THAN bunglows, prior approval of General Manager
shall be obtained. In areas where bye-laws
BRIDGES AND HANDING OVER
have been notified by the Local Authorities,
COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY
not withstanding the fact that the bye-laws are
CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION not applicable for the Railway buildings, it
TO OPEN LINE would be in the common interest to adopt such
bye-laws as being good recommended
A. PLANNING AND GENERAL practice. Where the provision exists in such
INSTRUCTIONS bye-laws for fire-fighting arrangements, the
provisions indicated in National Building Code
201 Siting of Buildings may be followed.
a) Section 11 of the Indian Railways Act d) In areas where bye-laws have not been
of 1989 and the Government Buildings Act notified it will be desirable to adopt the
No.IV of 1899 read in conjunction with Sec.291 provisions of the National Building Code of
of the Cantonments Act No.II of 1924 provide India 1983 Part III. For quick reference, some
for the right to erect buildings on their own of the provisions of National Building Code
land by Railways without having to obtain (NBC) are listed in Annexure 2.10".
sanction of the Municipal or Cantonment
authorities in whose area the site is situated. e) When a large number of Type 'I' and
In urban areas, the Urban Development 'II' type single storeyed quarters are to be
Authority must be consulted and rules framed constructed, these should be built at least in
by them followed. Municipal or Local 2- unit blocks; subject to provision of adequate
authorities may, however, be consulted, where lighting and ventilation commensurate with
appropriate, regarding water connections, optimum land use.
sewer lines and sewage disposal and similar
matters. 202 Planning of Railway Staff Colonies
11
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
(i) Natural light and temperature outer faces to act as thermal barrier.
(ii) Prevailing winds Preferably the kitchen should be
(iii) Relative humidity located on leeward side of the
(iv) Surrounding view & features building to avoid circulation of hot
air and smell from the kitchen.
As per IS code No.SP-41 (S&T) –
1987,Four types of climatic 2. Windows and fenestration: Large
conditions are mainly found in India: openings with heavy shutters
should be provided on northern and
(i) Hot and dry western faces as light coming from
(ii) Hot and humid north is always diffused and
(iii) Warm and humid indirect. Also direction of breeze,
(iv) Cold which is from west at most of the
places enters from opening on west
The list of cities falling in these climatic side. Windows area should be 15
zones is given in annexure 2.11. to 20 percent of floor area. Internal
courtyard caters for cross
The following orientation principles with ventilation & thermal buffer.
respect to various climatic condition along with Suitable radiation barriers in the form
building features can be used as a guideline: of canopies, Chhajjas, long
verandahs etc. should be provided
i) Hot and dry climatic zones: This climatic on the West side of the building.
condition generally occurs at latitude Sufficient number of ventilators
between 15 degrees to 30 degrees on close to the bottom of slab should
both the hemispheres. Maximum day be provided.
time summer temperature goes as high
as 45 degree centigrade and relative 3. Walls: Thick walls are preferred to
humidity as low up to 20 %. Major areas act as insulating barrier. Walls with
falling in this climatic zone are Delhi, light and shining paints on outer
U.P., Bihar, Rajasthan, parts of Punjab surface have good reflective quality
and Madhya Pradesh. These areas are and do not absorb heat. The surface
far away from coast and do not of walls should be smooth and
experience very heavy rainfall. The nondust catching type. Cavity walls
buildings should be oriented from solar also can be provided as they
point of view so that as a whole it should provide very good thermal
receive the maximum solar radiation in insulation. Hollow bricks available
winter and the minimum in ummer. in the market can also be used for
Desirable features of building in this zone making hollow - insulated walls.
are:
4. Roofs: Should be built up with good
1. Orientation: Longer walls of building insulating material having slope in
should face North & South. Non- windward direction. False ceiling
habitat rooms can be located on can be used to improve thermal
12
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
performance of building. Terracing degree centigrade and relative humidity
should be provided on the flat roof ranges between 70% and 90%. Because
with mud phuska, lime concrete, of less diurnal variation of temperatures
foamed concrete or burnt clay block along with high humidity, the emphasis
paving over roof slab. Top roof should be on prevailing winds. Coastal
surface should be made reflective regions of Gujrat, Maharashtra,
by providing whitewashing or any Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra
reflective paint. Pradesh, Orrissa and West Bengal fall
under this category. Desirable features
5. Vegetation: Large shady trees of buildings in this zone are:
whose roots do not strain foundation
and basement should be planted 1. Orientation: should be preferably in
near external walls to provide North-South direction for habitable
shade. rooms i.e. longer walls should face
north & south so that shorter sides
6. Special needs: Outdoor sleeping are exposed to direct sunlight.
area for summer nights preferably
be provided. Desert coolers and 2. Windows and fenestration: Proper
fans can be used during summer cross ventilation of building is of
months. Therefore, proper space to extreme importance therefore large
provide coolers should be planned openings should be positioned on
in the building. windward and leeward direction.
However, openings should be
ii) Hot and humid climatic zone: In these provided with suitable protection like
regions the climate is hot and air contains sunshades, chhajjas etc. from Sun
moisture. Sun’s glare is more and and rain. Windows area should be
undesirable. Relative humidity is above 15 to 20 percent of floor area. The
40% and temperature is above 32 degree sill height of windows should be at
centigrade. Mostly interior peninsular low level between 0.5 to 0.7 metre.
region fall under this category. Interiors Fixed windows should be avoided.
should be protected from hot Sun and Internal doorways between drawing
dusty winds. The thermal characteristics & dining and dining to passage etc.
are almost identical to hot & dry zone may be left open without shutters/
except that desert coolers are not suitable leaves. Ventilators should be
for hot & humid zone. The orientation and provided as near to ceiling as
other features of the building would possible. Provision of mechanical
remain the same as in hot and dry ventilation for circulation of fresh air
climatic zone. as well as exhaust of used air should
be made.
iii) Warm and humid climatic zone: This type
of climate is normally found in the coastal 3. Walls: Low thermal capacity
areas. Mean maximum temperature material be used in construction and
during summer does not rise beyond 32 walls can be thinner as
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PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
temperatures are not very high. during winter months and protection from
Compound wall on the windward chilling winds. Walls and roofs should be
side should be low. Bare fencing or protected against heavy rain and
light screen walls are preferable. snowfall.
RCC jalies are more advantages as
they allow passage of air through 1. Orientation: Should preferably be in
them and at the same time provide North – South direction i.e longer
privacy by obstructing the vision. walls should face north & south to
receive more solar heat during
4. Roofs: should have large overhangs winter months.
to avoid rainwater hitting the wall.
Roof should be finished with 2. Windows and fenestration: Glazing
materials of low thermal windows upto 25% floor area may
conductivity. Top roof surface be provided. Double glazing is
should be made reflective by preferable to avoid heat losses
providing whitewashing or any during winter nights.
reflective paint / tiles. Proper slope
is essential for effective removal of 3. Walls: Thin walls with insulation
rainwater. from inner side (2.5cm thick
insulation) are preferable. Some of
5. Vegetation: Shrubs of medium the insulating materials are listed in
height or coconut trees grove or table 2 of SP41-1987 Part 2 of BIS
casuarinas, which do not act as titled as Handbook on functional
wind barriers are recommended. requirement of Buildings - Heat
insulation. The insulation should be
6. Special needs: Good rain-water protected against the risk of
drainage is essential. Desert condensation by providing sufficient
coolers are not suitable in these vapour barrier like 2 coats of
areas. Bitumen, polythene sheet 300 to 600
gauge or aluminium foil on warm
iv) Cold climatic zone: Cold climate occurs side. Hollow and light weight
in mountainous regions and plateaus 800 concrete blocks are also quite
to 1200 metres above sea level. Snowfall suitable.
and rainfall is also heavy and mean daily
temperatures is 6 degree or less. 4. Roofs: should be preferable made
Minimum temperature may fall up to of asbestos cement or G.I. sheets
minus four degrees or even less at some backed by false ceiling of wood,
locations. Mountainous regions of Jammu 2.5cm wood-wool board or
& Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, equivalent material. The roof should
Uttaranchal and North Eastern States have sufficient slope for quick
and other hilly and mountainous regions drainage of rainwater and snow.
of the country fall under this category. Vapour barrier should be used
Main requirement of this region is heating depending on location and possible
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PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
wind pressure.
Guidelines for the selection of an
5. Special needs: Provision for heating appropriate sanitation system are given in
of building should be kept like fire Annexure 2.1.
places etc. Ceiling fans are not
normally required, but may be used Groups of latrines or urinals should not
during summer on special be located within 15 metres of living quarters,
occasions. Outdoor sleeping area 30 metres of any cook house or foodstall, 45
is not required. metres of any well supplying drinking water
and should be located away from public
The services of an architect may buildings adjoining railway colonies.
be availed of for finalising the design
and layout wherever required c) Dust bins - These should be
particularly in case of important conveniently located with respect to the
stations, other important buildings quarters and regularly cleared by the
and where new colonies/ conservancy staff. In the case of multi-
establishments are being set up. storeyed buildings garbage chutes may be
provided with opening in each floor with
b) Water supply and drainage:- Adequate arrangements for closing the openings.
water supply and sullage and storm water
drains should be provided. The water supply d) Shady trees - Shady trees like
system should be designed on the basis of at Gulmohur, Neem, should be provided along
least 200 litres/person/day (which includes 45 service roads at close intervals. Such trees
litres for flushing requirements) due allowance should be provided along the periphery of
being made for gardens. Where common parking areas and in the circulating areas in
hydrants are provided, these may be equipped railway stations. Some ornamental trees like
with suitable anti-waste water taps. For multi- Alstonia, Kachnar, Bottlebrush, Cassia, Silver
storeyed buildings, necessary static tanks oak, Mulsari, Plumeria, Ashoka and shrubs
may be provided for fire fighting arrangements like Chandani, Gardinia, Chinese Orange and
in accordance with the regulations laid down. Jatruca may also be planted. For
beautification of circulating areas of stations,
Where water-borne sewerage ./ exists service of the Horticulturist may be availed
in the vicinity, open drains and soak-pits of. Gardens may be maintained in circulating
should be dispensed with and an adequate areas through voluntary agencies or business
underground system provided. For colonies houses on terms and conditions to safeguard
provided with adequate piped water supply with the interest and rights of the railways.
overhead storage facilities and where no
sewerage system exists in the vicinity, an f) Play grounds for children:- An open
underground sewerage system with one or two space at an appropriate place in the colony
septic tanks according to the layout of the may be left for entertainment and sports of
ground should be provided. the employees and their wards.
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PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
g) Vendors' stalls / shops - These may
be constructed to scale, governed by local (i) Use of non-flammable, non-toxic
circumstances and let out on rent to vendors materials
for grain, meat, vegetable, fruit and general
requisites. These should be constructed in (ii) Eliminating sharp edges, corner etc.
railway colonies only if shopping facilities are These should be rounded or chamfered
not available within reasonable distance. properly.
General Manager's personal approval is (iii) Properly designed and adequately
required for such construction. illuminated stairs, ramps and walkways.
(iv) Appropriate barriers to prevent
203 General Design Requirement of
people from walking through large glass door
Buildings
and windows, when they are closed.
A building should not only be functionally (v) Use of non-skid materials in area
suitable but also aesthetically pleasing, prone to becoming wet, such as in toilets,
peaceful, suitable to the inhabitants, kitchen and open veranda, walk ways, stairs
economical to construct and easy to maintain. etc.
(vi) Emergency escape routes should
While designing the building the following also be planned.
factors should be considered
(vii) Proper fencing around special
facilities like swimming pools, electric poles,
1. Easy maintenance – At planning stage
high voltage wires and heaters etc.
itself, the facility of maintenance
should be kept in mind. This should (viii) Fire fighting system and fire alarm
include cleaning of floors, windows, walls, system should be as per national building code
ceiling etc. It should also take care the periodic or local bye-laws wherever required
inspection and repair of various components
of building like windows, roofs, walls, plumbing, 4. Natural ventilation – Proper natural
electrical fittings and wirings etc. For this ventilation is an important factor in planning
sufficient space, illumination, and service building layouts specially in warmer/humid
connections like plug points, master valve for climates and during the hot season of the year.
whole plumbing etc. should be provided. The arrangement of ventilation will depend upon
prevailing wind direction. Proper opening
2. Socio cultural variables – like privacy, should be planned as per wind direction so as
family structure, recreational patterns and to get effective cross ventilation.
different cultural background of people should
be kept in mind while finalising the design of 5. Noise control – To minimise noise
building. pollution through ground reflection, the dwelling
units/areas should be surrounded by plants
3. Safety – Due care should be taken to and grass area, whereas from maintenance
create an environment in which user can be reasons a large amount of hard paving is
safe as far as possible. The following safety necessary. It should be broken up by areas of
features should be incorporated in design & plants and grass to minimise noise pollution.
layout of building :- Windows and doors should be kept away from
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PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
(a) flooring of concrete, tile, brick or stone (ii) Passive Solar Cooling: Passive solar
masonry. cooling are designed strategy that minimize
the need for mechanical cooling system. This
(b) Trombe Wall: Trombe wall is a south
includes proper window placement and day-
facing wall covered with glass spaced a few
lighting design, selection of appropriate glazing
inches away from the wall. Sunlight passes
for windows and skylights, proper shading of
through the glass and is absorbed and stored
glass when heat gains are not desired, use of
by the wall. Heat is transferred by conduction
light coloured materials for the building, careful
to building some hours later. This should be
sitting and orientation decision and good
used in buildings in cold climatic conditions.
landscaping design. Use of traditional full
(c) Insulated Masonry and Concrete window (leaf window) stops heat and sunlight
Walls: New technologies have lowered the cost in summer months and keeps the interior cool
and increased the options for insulated whereas fully glazed windows admit and trap
masonry. Various foam insulations are the heat in the interior rooms. Therefore, the
available in panels that can be adhered directly traditional windows should be used in hot and
to the masonry surface and then protected with dry climate whereas the fully glazed windows
a troweled or sprayed on weathering skin. should be used in cold climate.
(d) Double Gypsum Board: Thermal (B) Active Solar System: Active solar
capacity of the building can be increased by energy should be integrated with a building’s
simply increasing the thickness of the gypsum design and systems only after passive solar
board used on interior walls of the building. and energyconserving strategies are
considered. Active solar collector systems take
(e) Hollow brick walls; either rat trap bond advantage of the sun to provide energy for
type or cavity wall as per BIS - S.P.20 titled domestic water heating, space heating etc.
as Hand Book of masonry design and Water heating for domestic use is generally
construction, can be used on all outer walls of the most economical application of active solar
a buildings located in hot dry climate. It will systems.
keep the interior cool in summer months due
to air pocket inside the walls. Major components of the system include
collectors, the circulation system that moves
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PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
the fluid between the collectors and storage, land and general drainage features. Plinth level
the storage tank, a control system and a should be adequately higher than road level.
backup heating system. Buildings at the time of their construction
should be adequately protected against
8. Seismic consideration – The building dampness, treatment being governed by the
should be designed for seismic forces as per particular type of construction, location, soil
relevant IS codes as per seismic zone and and rain-fall. Minimum height of plinth shall
importance of building. Some of the general not be less than 45 cm from the surrounding
considerations along with seismic repair and ground.
strengthening of building are given in Annexure
2.12 for ready reference. However, these b) Anti-termite treatment should be done
should be confirmed with the latest provision at the time of construction from the foundation
of relevant IS codes. stage itself.
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PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
h) The layout of the kitchen in canteens l) The detailed construction plan which
and the serving counters therein, should be includes Sections and Elevations of building
such as to make the canteen functional. should not be approved unless following
detailed plans are also available:
i) No addition/alterations in an existing (i) Site plan and General layout plan
structure should be carried out without the showing various service connections
approval of drawings and designs by the Hqrs. like sewerage, drainage, water & power
office. Particular care should be exercised to supply, roads etc to town services.
check the adequacy of the existing structure (ii) Roof plan showing terracing with
to withstand the loads further proposed to be slopes, water proofing and water outlets.
imposed. No building drawing (including that (Sample Plan at Annexure 2.13 – Fig.1)
for additions/alterations) should be approved (iii) Detailed larger size plans of toilets
without the relevant designs being put up to and kitchens indicating the location and type
the concerned Engineer alongwith the of fittings and treatment on floor and walls.
Drawings. The designs should invariable (Sample Plan at Annexure 2.13 – Fig.2, 3)
include design of foundations. (iv) Plan showing layout of furniture and
furnishing and their type. ( Sample Plan at
The general arrangement drawing should Annexure 2.13 – Fig.4)
have the prior approval of an officers in Hqrs. (v) Sanitary fittings, drainage and sewage
not lower than the rank of SAG in the Office plan, plumbing details. (Sample Plan at
of the Chief Engineer(Open Line). Further, in Annexure 2.13 – Fig.5, 6, 7)
Station Buildings and other important (vi) Horticulture landscaping plan
structures, no additions/alterations should be (optional).
carried out without the prior approval of the (vii) Electrical wiring plans. (Sample Plan
general arrangement plan by the concerned at Annexure 2.13 – Fig.8)
SAG officer in the office of Chief Engineer
(Open Line). 204 Water Supply to Stations and Staff
Quarters
j) It should be ensured that cross a) The source, storage and distribution
reference of the drawing and the design of water supply should be adequate and all
calculations are endorsed on both of them installations maintained in a satisfactory
and record should be maintained with equal manner.
care both for the design calculations as well
as drawings. b) The question of adequacy in regard to
the source should be primarily considered
k) While checking the design, adequate before preparing schemes for the expansion
details of physical condition of the existing of a colony or for new colonies.
structure, details of any signs of distress,
settlement, etc. as well as any relevant feature Before deciding on a new source of
having bearing on the integrity and stability of supply or when there is any doubt in regard to
the structure including type of soil should be potability of water from an existing source,
intimated to the Hqrs. suitable test may be carried out in a reputed
Laboratory. Medical Department may be
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PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
called upon to arrange periodical inspection in to decline in ground water level. The solution
of existing sources of water supply. to these problems is to replenish ground water
bodies with rain water by man made means.
c) RAIN WATER HARVESTING (RWH) 3. Basic types:- Following are three basic
1. Introduction:- Rain Water harvesting types:-
is the technique of collection and storage of (a) Roof top rain water harvesting and
rain water at surface or in sub-surface aquifer, storage in tanks.
before it is lost as surface run-off. The (b) Roof top rain water harvesting and
augmented resource can be harvested when recharging subsurface aquifer.
needed. (c) Surface run-off harvesting and
Thus it covers wide range of means of recharging subsurface aquifer.
collecting and storing water but popularly this 4. Advantages:-
item is becoming synonymous to artificial (a) Promotes adequacy of underground
recharging of ground water aquifer. water.
2. Necessity:- Water is one of the most (b) Mitigates the effect of drought.
essential requirement for existence of living (c) Reduces soil erosion as surface run-
beings. Surface water and ground water are off is reduced.
two major sources of water. Due to over (d) Decreases load on storm water
population and higher usages levels of water disposal system.
in urban areas, water supply agencies are (e) Reduces flood hazards.
unable to cope up demand with surface (f) Improves ground quality/decreases
sources like dams, reservoirs, rivers etc. This salinity (by dilution).
has led to digging of individual tubewells by (g) Prevents ingress of sea water in
house owners. Even water supply agencies subsurface aquifers in coastal areas.
have resorted to ground water sources by (h) Affects rise in ground water table.
digging tubewells in order to augment the water Thus saving energy (to lift water).
supply. Replenishment of ground water is (i) The cost of recharging subsurface
drastically reduced due to paving of open aquifer is lower than surface reservoirs.
areas. Indiscriminate exploitation of ground (j) The subsurface aquifer also serves
water results in lowering of water table as storage and distribution system.
rendering many bore-wells dry. To overcome (k) No land is wasted for storage purpose
this situation bore-wells are drilled to greater and no population displacement is involved.
depths. This further lowers the water table and (l) Storing water underground is
in some areas which leads to higher environment friendly.
concentration of hazardous chemicals such 5. Legislation:- Under section 15 of
as fluorides, nitrates & arsenic. In coastal Environment (Protection) Act 1986, Central
areas like Chennai, over exploitation of ground ground Water Authority (Ministry of Water
water resulted in sea water intrusion thereby resources) has made it mandatory to adopt
rendering ground water bodies saline. In rural rain water harvesting system for certain types
areas also Government policies on subsidized of building/institutions located in specified
power supply for agricultural pumps and piped regions of National Capital territory.
water supply through bore wells are resulting
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PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
In Chennai, rain water harvesting has can be fixed on the edges of roof all around to
been made compulsory. In Delhi, Building bye- collect and transport the rainwater from the
laws have been modified making rain water roof to the storage tank. Gutters can be
harvesting mandatory for new buildings erected prepared in semi-circular and rectangular
on plots of more than 100 sq. mtrs. shapes. Locally available materials such as
Ministry of Environment & Forest plain Galvanized Iron sheets can be easily
(Government of India) has circulated draft folded to required shapes to prepare semi-
Gazette Notification regarding rain water circular and rectangular gutters. Semicircular
harvesting in hilly area of entire country. gutters of PVC materials can be readily
prepared by cutting the PV pipes into two equal
6. MODES AND TECHNIQUES: semi circular channels. Bamboo poles can be
used for making gutters if they are locally
Roof top water/storm runoff is harvested. available in sufficient quantity. Use of such
The collected water can be stored directly in locally available materials reduces the overall
a storage tank or existing sump through a filter cost of the system.
chamber or this water can be used to recharge
ground water. Normally, debris, dirt and dust In flat roofs, rainwater drain pipes should
get deposited on the roof during non-rainy be extended upto the bottom of the building. If
periods. When the first rains arrive, this no. of rain water drain pipes are more than
unwanted material would be washed into the one then they should be interconnected or
storage tank. This may cause contamination connected separately to rainwater collection
of water collected in the storage tank thereby systems.
rendering it unfit for drinking and cooking
purposes. Therefore, a first flush system can Methods of recharging subsurface
be incorporated in the Roof top Rainwater aquifer:
Harvesting System (RRHS) to dispose off the 6.1 Through recharge pit.
first flush so that it does not enter the tank. 6.2 Recharge through abandoned hand
There are two such simple systems. One is pump.
based on a simple manually operated
arrangement whereby, the down pipe is moved 6.3 Recharge through abandoned dug
away from the tank inlet and replaced again well/open well.
once the first flush water has been disposed. 6.4 Through recharge trench.
In another simple and semi automatic system,
6.5 Recharge through shaft.
separate vertical pipe is fixed to the down pipe
with a valve provided below the T-junction. 6.6 Recharge trench with bore.
After the first rain is washed out through the
first flush pipe the valve is closed to allow the 6.1 THROUGH RECHARGE PIT:
water to enter the down pipe and reach the
This method is suitable where permeable
storage tank.
strata is available at shallow depth. It is
Collection of roof top water – adopted for buildings having roof area up to
Roofs made of corrugated iron sheet; 100 sq m Recharge pit of any shape is
asbestos sheet or tiles can be utilized for constructed generally 1-2 m wide and 2-3 m
harvesting the rainwater. Gutter and channels deep. The pit is filled with boulders, gravel
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PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
and sand for filtration of rain water. Water characteristics should be constructed and
entering in to RWH structure should be silt filled with boulders, gravel and sand as shown
free. Top layer of sand of filter should be in the figure D. Cleaning of filter media should
cleaned periodically for better ingression of be done periodically.
rain water in to the sub soil. Details are shown
in figure A. 6.5 RECHARGE THROUGH SHAFTS:
This method is suitable where shallow
6.2 RECHARGE THROUGH aquifer is located below clayey surface. It is
ABANDONED HAND PUMP: used for buildings having roof top area between
In this, an abandoned hand pump is used 2000-5000 sq. m Recharge shaft of diameter,
for as recharge structure. It is suitable for 0.5-3 m and 10-15 m deep is excavated
building having roof top area up to 150 sq m. mechanically. The shaft should end in
Roof top rain water is fed to the hand pump impermeable strata. The shaft should be filled
through 100 mm dia pipe as shown in figure with boulders, gravel and sand for filtration of
B. Water fed in the Rain Water Harvesting recharge water. Top sand layer should be
structure should be silt free. Water from first cleaned periodically. Recharge shaft should
rain should be diverted to drain through suitable be constructed 10-15 m away from the
arrangement. If water is not clear then filter buildings for the safety of the buildings. The
should be provided. details are given in figure E.
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PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
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PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
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PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
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PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
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PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
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PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
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PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
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7. REFERENCES:
7.1 Chairman, Central Ground Water
Authority, vide his DO letter No. 29-5/ CGWA/
Meetings/MOWR/2003-853 dtd. 27-05-2003,
copy enclosed as Annexure 2.14 assured for
giving all technical help and guidance for rain
water harvesting. This also gives the
addresses of offices of Central Ground Water
Board which may be contacted for such help.
7.2 Mannual on Rain Water Harvesting
and conservation of consultancy services
organization CPWD can also be referred for
more details.
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PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
205 Scale of Fitments for Water b) The requirements for fitments for
Supply, Sanitation and Drainage drinking water drainage and sanitation in the
case of buildings other than residences shall
a) At stations - as provided in para 414 be in accordance with Table 2.1 for office
and 415 of this Manual. buildings and Table 2.2 for factories given
below -
________________________________________________________________________________
SL FITMENTS FOR MALE FOR FEMALE
NO. PERSONNEL PERSONNEL
(1) (2) (3) (4)
________________________________________________________________________________
i) Water-closets* 1 for every 25 persons 1 for every 15 persons
or part thereof or part thereof
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PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
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TABLE 2.2 FACTORIES
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
SL FITMENTS FOR MALE FOR FEMALE
NO. PERSONNEL PERSONNEL
(1) (2) (3) (4)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
i) Water-closets* 1 for 1-15 persons 1 for 1-12 persons
2 for 16-35 persons 2 for 13-25 persons
3 for 36-65 persons 3 for 26-40 persons
4 for 66-100 persons 4 for 41-57 persons
5 for 58-77 persons
6 for 78-100 persons
From 101 to 200 persons From 101 to 200 persons,
add at the rate of 3% add at the rate of 5 %
For over 200 persons, For over 200 persons,
add at the rate of 2.5 % add at the rate of 4 %
207 Basic amenities in Staff Quarters: (iii) All wood work .. White Paint
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PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
b) Quarters-Type-IV and above: (a) Serving counters
(i) Flooring .. Mosaic flooring.
(b) Dish washing place in the kitchen
(ii) Wall surface .. Dado in bathrooms
with same material (c) About 1.2 metres high dado on the
as flooring, or walls above the kitchen counter
ceramic tiles. slab.
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PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
windows of
may be polished or ix)Water columns - Upper portion red,
varnished. Doors lower portion
and windows black with band
likely to come in about 500 mm
contact with water below pivot.
may be painted
with epoxy paints x) Plastered exterior - Pale cream
of appropriate of all buildings.
colour.
xi) Plastered interior - White/Pale
iii)All woodwork of - Dark battleship Cream/ of all buildings.
buildings grey or buff Pale Green/Pale
and structures other Blue.
than those under
(i) and (ii) including xii)Buffer stops - Structural part,
station buildings and black; buffer beam
in quarters below red
Type-IV
All exposed steel work should be
provided with a primary coat of red lead and
iv)All steel work in - Aluminium or dark appropriate final coats.
station buildings, battleship grey
offices and C.G.I. sheets should not be painted
residential quarters. unless they are in corrosion prone areas.
v) All steel work - Grey, aluminium 211 Rest Houses - Officers rest house
of platform shelters. or red. should be separated from the subordinate rest
house. Provision should be made for dormitory
vi)All steel work in - Dark battleship accommodation for group 'D' staff.
foot over bridges, grey or red or
signal gantries goods aluminium Special attention should be paid by the
sheds and small Assistant Engineer and staff to the cleanliness
workshops and satisfactory upkeep of all Rest Houses.
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PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
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allotted to non-officials including Members of administrative reason such as the officer flying
Parliament when their visits are not connected back etc., the family can continue to stay in
with Railway working. Railway Rest houses the rest house free of charge till they are able
can be allotted under following conditions:- to proceed separately on a special Pass or till
the officer was due to return as per the original
(i) The occupation of Rest House by schedule, whichever is earlier.
families of railway officers accompanying him
is permissible as per the following guidelines:- In case, however, the family wants to
stay on for a few more days of their own, the
(a) Earning or married children or close charges will have to be paid as at (b) above.
relatives of the Railway officers when
accompanying him (either on duty or on leave) (d) When the officer is staying in a rest
may be permitted to stay in the rest house on house with proper permission at his
payment of charges to be fixed by the Railway headquarters station he is being permitted to
in consultation with the FA & CAO. The officer use it as residence. Therefore, whenever he
will, however, have to accommodate them in proceeds on duty the rest house continues to
the accommodation allotted to him. Additional be residence for his family.
accommodation may only be provided at the
discretion of controlling officer when not (ii) Members of the ZRUCC and DRUCC
required by other officers at the charges fixed including Members of Parliament attending
by Railway in consultation with FA & CAO. meetings of respective Committees or
participating in conducted tours organised by
(b) Spouse and dependent children and the Railways can be provided accommodation
dependents (as permitted in Pass Rules and in Rest House free of charge.
close relatives) when escorting/accompanying
them may be permitted to occupy the rest (iii) Railway Rest House can be allotted
house if it is available for short durations not to the officers and staff of CRIS on payment
exceeding four or five days and only of normal charges applicable to railway staff
occasionally. The charges to be recovered on duty if rest house is not required by railway
from the family will be as for the officer on officers/staff and also the staff of CRIS are
leave. For the other members the charges solely engaged in specific assignment in
are recovered as per (a) above. In this case development and implementation of OIS
also no additional accommodation will be project on production of certificate to this effect
provided for the relatives. They will have to from their employer.
be accommodated in the accommodation
allotted for. (iv) Railway Rest House can be allotted
to the officers on transfer as per the following
(c) If an officer occupying a rest house guidelines:-
on duty is recalled to the headquarters and
his family has to stay in the rest house a) In case of permanent transfers, in the
because they are unable to proceed with the first instance, occupation of the Rest House
officer either because of non-availability of should be permitted for ten days only.
accommodation in the train or for any other
36
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
37
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
the maintenance charges for the 100 sq. metre is available in the existing
same will be borne by the Postal railway buildings and another 50 sq. metre is
department. added by way of vertical expansion as a
deposit work, rent for the land will be charged,
(ii) Rent, depreciation and maintenance in the ratio of 50/150 = 1/3 i.e. one third of the
charges shall be governed in rent for land on which the existing building
accordance with para 1943 of the stands.
Indian Railways Code for Engg.
Deptt (1993 Edition). 215 Buildings for Railway Police : The
office and residential buildings for Governemnt
In the case of additions and Reserve Police shall be dealt in accordance
alterations to existing buildings constructed with para 1957 to 1959 of the Indian Railways
at Railway's cost for the R.M.S. the additions Code for Engg. Deptt. (1993 Edition).
and alterations to them should be carried out
at Railway's cost. In case such additions and 216 Construction of Quarters/
alterations are substantial or require abnormal Barracks for GRP Personnel by the
heavy repairs of the existing portion of the Railway:
building, the cost of such repairs/additions /
alterations should be taken up as part of the (i) Provision of barracks : Railway will
cost of the building for purposes of reckoning continue to provide barracks for GRP
its rent. Personnel by including the works in their
Works Programme, on need basis,
For buildings constructed at the subject to the usual checks as applicable
cost of the Postal department, additions and to the other Works Programme proposals.
alterations should however be carried out at
the cost of the Postal department only. (ii) Provision of quarters:
38
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
Land to be leased should be based on the same will be borne by the State
minimum requirement consistent with the Government concerned.
need for quarters and should preferably be
located on the periphery of the Railway Railway will, however, have the option
boundary. to acquire the quarters at any time by payment
f the depreciated cost of the building in
(b) Construction of Quarters: accordance with the Railway rules, which
provide for depreciation at the rate of 1/65 per
Construction of quarters for GRP on the year at present.
land so leased is to be done by the State
Government out of their own funds. While 217 Provision of Chicks and Venetian
leasing land, it should be enjoined on State Blinds -
Governments that they construct the quarters Chicks or Venetian blinds as considered
within a specified time span failing which the appropriate may, if considered necessary, be
land will revert back to the Railways. provided to the following buildings, preferably
on the West and South sides:-
If the State Governments are not
prepared to construct the quarters a) Hospitals
themselves, Railways may take up the
construction work on deposit terms. Funds for b) Rest Houses
this purpose will be provided by the State
Government concerned in instalments c) Running Rooms
equivalent to anticipated outlay during a
particular year. The Railway Administration d) Offices at Railway headquarters
will charge the usual supervision charges as
per the extant rules for deposit works. e) Officer's bungalows and quarters of
Senior Class III staff, if of open type.
The quarters will be constructed
according to the approved design/plans to be In exceptional localities where
finalised after mutual discussion between the shade temperatures are high or in buildings
Railway Administration and the State close to a public thoroughfare, special
Government concerned in either case, i.e., sanction for provision of chicks or Venetian
whether construction is done by State blinds may be applied for. Provision of chicks
Government on their own or by the Railway or Venetian blinds in quarters will be subject
Administration on deposit terms. to recovery of hire charges as per provisions
of the Indian Railways Code for Engg. Deptt.
iii) Ownership/maintenance of quarters:
218 Additions and Alterations to
The ownership of these quarters will vest Quarters
with the State Government concerned.
a) Additions and alterations to staff
The quarters shall be maintained by the quarters only of a temporary nature may be
Railway and the maintenance charges for permitted to be done by the occupant under
39
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
para 1976 of the Indian Railways Code for 221 Transfer of Buildings
Engg. Deptt. (1993 Edition) with the prior
approval of the Senior Divisional Engineer and a) Each Department is responsible for
on the specific understanding that the occupant the allotment of staff quarters under its control,
will dismantle the same at the time of vacation preference being given to essential staff. The
of the quarters. transfer of vacant staff quarters from one
department to another should not be effected
b) Additions and alterations of a unless approved by the Housing or Quarters
permanent nature shall not be carried out Committee.
without competent sanction. When an existing
building is to be enlarged or extended, the
external architectural features of the old b) In the case of transfer of staff quarters
structures should be adhered to as far as from one department to another, the
possible. department concerned will carry out the
transfer in the presence of Section Engineer
c) Additions and alterations to standard (Works) by giving due notice to the Assistant
type quarters should not be carried out, without Engineer. The Section Engineer (works) shall
the prior approval of the Chief Engineer. make out a handing over /taking over memo,
listing out the details of deficiencies noticed
219 Block Numbering of Buildings and and get it signed by the occupant. This memo
Structures will be forwarded to Divisional Engineer
through Assistant Engineer after duly pricing
Every building or structure in a station the damages, if any, to enable the department
yard, railway colony, and between stations concerned to recover the cost of damage
should be numbered according to such attributable to the occupant.
instructions as may be issued by the Chief
Engineer so as to facilitate reference in c) In the case of occupation of quarters
correspondence, the correct number being by a new occupant, the Section Engineer
entered in the Building Register. (works) will be contacted by the allottee with
the allotment order for obtaining the key of
220 Building Registers - Building the quarters. The Section Engineer (Works)
registers in Chief Engineer's Office and will prepare a handing over memo listing out
Divisional Engineer's Offices shall be the fittings and deficiencies and get it signed
maintained up-to-date and show complete by the occupant. One copy of the Memo will
details of each structure as per para 1977 of be submitted to the Divisional Engineer through
the Indian Railways Code for Engg. Deptt. the Assistant Engineer. One copy will be given
(1993 Edition). Replicas of these registers to the occupant, one page will be earmarked
will be maintained in the Accounts Offices. for each residential quarters to record details
The Senior Divisional Engineers should advise of occupancy. Signature of the occupants will
the Accounts Officers of the construction of be obtained on this register, whenever there
new structures and alterations or additions to is a change of occupancy. The proforma for
existing structures and the costs thereof, as this register in given Annexure 2.3.
and when carried out.
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PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
d) In the case of new service buildings, there is an interval of time from date of
the Assistant Engineer will fix a date for vacation of quarters to next occupation, the
handing over of the building for use to the Section Engineer (Works) should make
department concerned, who will arrange for necessary arrangements for its safe custody.
their representative to be present for inspection
and taking over of the building. The Section It is the responsibility of the Engineering
Engineer (Works) shall be deputed to staff or Special staff where appointed to see
represent the Engineering Department for that the occupants adhere to the instructions
handing over. laid down. Any breach of instruction should
be reported to the occupant's immediate
e) In the case of buildings constructed superior.
by the Construction Department, the open line
will take over the same after joint inspection 223 Vacant Railway Buildings
at the level of Assistant Engineers. The Open
line Assistant Engineer will allot a number to a) As far as possible, no railway quarters
the building and enter the details of the building should be allowed to remain unoccupied. The
in the building register duly intimating all Section Engineer (Works) should send a return
concerned. on buildings lying vacant at the end of every
month through the Assistant Engineer to the
222 Responsibilities of Staff Divisional Engineer who will take necessary
Occupying Quarters steps in regard to their occupation.
a) All staff are under obligation to keep b) A return of vacant buildings should be
their quarters and compounds in a clean and sent by the Divisional Engineer's Office to the
tidy state and to obey all sanitary rules that Accounts Department /allotment authority at
are in force. the end of every month.
41
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
42
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
44
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
d) Guidelines for a leak proof flat roof is c) The block Nos. entered in the standard
indicated in Annexure 2.7 . measurement registers should correctly tally
with the corresponding entries in the building
227 Standard Measurement Registers registers.
for Buildings
d) The measurement books from which
a) Standard measurement registers in the the entries are carried into the standard
format given in the Annexure 2.8 shall be measurement registers should be securely
maintained in the offices of the Divisional preserved in the Divisional Engineer's Office.
Engineer, Assistant Engineer and the Section
Engineer (Works). Authorised copies of these e) Standard measurement registers may
will be maintained in the Accounts Office for be utilised for the estimating of quantities
reference and checking of quantities entered for periodical white-washing or colour washing
in measurement books for annual repair works and painting as and when required. Particulars
carried out. of repair works should be carefully scrutinised
by the Assistant Engineer before applying for
b) The entries made in the registers sanction.
should be correctly amended when alterations
or additions to structures are carried out or f) Date of whitewashing and painting
when new structures are built. (Annexure 2.9). done blockwise should be indicated on the
building.
46
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
iii) Structures with roof trusses Once a year 10% to 20% test
during the check inspection
prescribed of structures
month. under each group.
b) The Section Engineer (Works) shall return the Register. Prompt action shall be
record results in ink in the structural steel and taken to carry out repairs required.
timber work inspection register in the form
given in Annexure 2.9. and submit the same The Section Engineer (Works) shall
by the prescribed date to the Assistant accompany the Assistant Engineer on the
Engineer who should scrutinise the entries, latter's inspection of structures carried out
issue such orders as deemed necessary and during the prescribed period.
47
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
c) The Assistant Engineer shall record The condition of welds,rivets, bolts and
results of his inspection in ink in the tie rods particularly of water storage tanks;
cast iron tank plates should be examined for
Structural Steel and timber-work any cracks.
inspection register in form given in Annexure
2.9, maintained by Senior Engineer (Works) Whether any deformation of the structure
and ensure expeditious compliance of notes has occurred.
recorded.
Foundations and bearings with particular
d) Structures , the condition of which reference to tightness of anchor bolts.
warrant special attention, should be
inspected more frequently. The inspecting official shall make a
thorough examination of every part of a
e) Entries in column "Condition of structure in all respects, using ladders and
structure at the time of inspection" should be scaffolding for examining portions beyond
in the nature of statements. A defect, once reach from the ground. If so considered
mentioned, should not be omitted in future necessary, the assistance of the Bridge staff
years unless it has been eliminated through may be requisitioned for the purpose.
repair in which case a note should be made
to that effect. 230 Erection of Steel Work and Roof
Trusses -
f) When, during inspection of buildings,
the Section Engineer (Works) notices the The assembly and erection of steel work
building to be unsafe for occupation he shall for structures and roof trusses shall be carried
forthwith advise the occupant of the fact and out in accordance with approved plans and
also advise the Assistant engineer to get a "methods of erection" as drawn up by the
notice issued to the occupant for vacation of Engineer-in-charge and shall comply with the
the premises and to apprise the controlling Indian Railway Standard Specification for
officer of the occupant of the premises. "Steel structures (other than girder bridges)".
229 Details of Inspection - During 231 Maintenance of Roads :
inspection, the following points should receive
attention:- Maintenance of roads needs careful
a) The condition of paint. planning. Though repairs like filling up of pot
holes, resurfacing atbroken patches, shall
b) Whether any corrosion in steel or continue to be done as per the condition of
decay in timber is taking place. the road at site, the tendency to carry out a
routine resurfacing just to improve the outward
In the case of steel work connected to look of the road should be avoided when it is
masonry such as tie rods of arched buildings noted that such resurfacing has, in the past,
and roof trusses, whether any corrosion is not been durable. Such a situation may be
apparent near the masonry. indicative of an inherent weakness in the
48
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
design of road structure vis-à-vis the vehicular Joint inspections at the Inspectors' and
loads plying over it, or it could be due to poor Officers' level between the Construction and
drainage or a weak sub-grade. Therefore, Open Line Organisations should be completed
when it is seen that the road resurfacing in within this period. Any uncompleted work or
general is not standing well, the adequacy of deficiencies noticed and jointly endorsed for
the road structure design vis-à-vis loading and completion/rectification by Construction and
other aspects like drainage, sub-grade Open Line should be listed out (alongwith
strength, etc. need to be carefully analysed. anticipated cost wherever the works are to be
Costs estimated of road reconstruction vis-à- tackled by Open Line) and duly signed by the
vis repairs through resurfacing etc. taking into officers of the 2 organisations not below the
account the respective life cycle costs should rank of JA Grade. The SAG Officers of
be gone into before taking up any repairs. Construction and Open Line concerned should
jointly decide the time schedule for making
232 Handing over of commissioned good the deficiencies and providing the
assets by Construction Organisation to resources i.e. manpower and material,
Open Line: required to the Open Line by the Construction
Organisation. On no account, the taking over
All structures and assets constructed of assets by Open Line shall be delayed
and commissioned by Construction beyond 90 days of commissioning of the
Organisation as per the sanctioned estimates assets.
should be taken over by Open Line within 90
days of commissioning of the said assets.
49
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
ANNEXURE 2.1
Para 202(b)
GUIDELINES FOR SELECTION OF SANITATION SYSTEM
Extract of Railway Board's letter (which is used for irrigation, or let
No.91/lm(l)/20/1 dated 11th July 1991. into waste bodies) and secondary
sludge.
RDSO have circulated a monogram
titled "Technical Guidelines for disposal of (iii) The primary and secondary
human waste "Vide their letter NO. CBS/BMC/ sludges, i.e the concentrated waste
W&S dated 28.2.91. The document deals with is treated by Anaerobic digestion,
the technical aspects of various types of yielding digested (i.e treated) slurry
human waste disposal systems. and biogas.
1.1. Proceeding from this monogram, other 2.2 Modern septic tank system is an on-site
literature and the extant instructions, disposal method, which too uses
guidelines given in the following paras 'standard' flushing. The septic tank acts
should be adopted for selecting as sedimentation-cum-digestion tank:
appropriate sanitation systems. anaerobic digestion of the settled sludge
occurs in its bottom zone, and the
2. RATIONALE supernatant has to undergo treatment
Following points are relevant while ('secondary') in a soakpit/filter bed. Use
selecting a human waste disposal system:- of septic tanks without follow-up
treatment is not permitted as the effluent
2.1 Standard (cistern) flushing systems are from the septic tanks is hazardous from
meant primarily to transport human waste point of view of health and pollution.
from the toilet to the treatment plant Since it is usually not possible to provide
usually located a few kilometres away, a soakpit/filter bed in built up urban
so as to provide a self-cleansing velocity areas, here septic tank system would not
in the sewers. Therefore, this standard be appropriate.
flushing system is, appropriate only
where underground sewerage system 2.3. The other on-site systems of sanitized
exists. The transported waste is treated toilets are:-
in a centralised (off-site) treatment plant (i) Bio-latrines (improved aqua
in following steps:- privies): In these a digester
(anaerobic) is provided for similar
(i) Sedimentation (primary' treatment) treatment as used in a sewage
of the highly diluted waste yielding treatment plant. Only handflushing
supernatant and primary sludge. is allowed i.e. no tap or flushing
system in the toilet.
(ii) Aerobic ('secondary') treatment of
the supernatant from sedimentation (ii) Pour flush type: In these a soakpit
tank, yielding treated waste water is provided for treatment of the
waste. Here the handflush is
50
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
_______________________________________________________________________________
(i) Residential With no water Cistern flushing, (use good quality
toilets shortage cisterns preferably the newer
models using less than 3 gallons water/use)
51
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
c)In case of urinals at stations instead - all 'dry' (service type) toilets must be
of automatic flushing cisterns dripping ferrules sanitised.
may be used.
- all septic tanks, if not provided with
4. All toilets on the Railways must be prescribed soakpit/filter-bed, they must
sanitised on top priority programme be provided with these, if possible, or
basis. Thus only flush toilets with under- converted into digesters by minimising
ground sewerage, flush toilets with septic the flushing so that the same tank can
tank systems (with soakpit/filter-bed for provide clear minimum 30 days retention
the septic tank effluent and bio-latrines (in addition to the space for digestion at
(also aquaprivy) are the approved the bottom).
sanitised toilet systems for use on the
Railways. Hence -
52
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
ANNEXURE 2.2
Para 206
4 In the case of type I,II and III quarters, 11. In multi-storeyed flats, where lifts are
54
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
necessary additional areas over and storeyed and above in places other than
above the standard plinth areas for the Bombay and Calcutta in respect of type
different types, will be allowed for the I and IV, cycle/scooter sheds may be
provision of one or more lifts and lift provided separately or one or more
landing. quarters on the ground floor may be
earmarked for covered parking of cycles
12. In the case of construction of four and scooters.
55
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
ANNEXURE 2.3
Para 220(c)
Proforma for Details of Occupancy
RAILWAY
______________________________________________________________________________________
No. of Units Name of Occupant Designation Whether Deficiencies
Occupied Married
or
Single
______________________________________________________________________________________
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Rateof pay Date of Date of Remarks including Deficiencies/damage
Occupa- vacation date & nature of at time of vacation
tion. repairs executed.
______________________________________________________________________________________
(6) ( 7) (8) (9) (10)
______________________________________________________________________________________
56
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
ANNEXURE 2.4.
Para 223(b)
Division......................
SECTION ENGINEER (WORKS)/................ Section ....................
Sub Division .....................
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Initial of Nature of Details of Initials Initials Remarks of
Inpsecting repairs to repairs of the of the Inpsecting
Officials be attended done occupant IOW Officials
with date
(7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
57
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
ANNEXURE 2.5
Para 224(a)
58
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
(b)Other -do- -do- Once in -- -do-
rooms 2 years
II.Residential Buildings:-
1. Officers' Once in Once in Once in Once a Once in
Bungalow 2 yrs. 2 yrs. 2 years 2 yrs 2 years
59
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
Annexure 2.7
Para 226(d)
Table-1
Sizes of Rainwater Pipes for Roof Drainage
60
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
2.3 Proper detailing at junction of roof with joint. Joint fillers should confirm to IS: 3414 -
parapet wall: Code of Practice for Design & Installation of
Junction of roof with parapet wall is Joints in Buildings or IS:1838 (Pt.I or Pt.II)-
a vulnerable location for leakage. It is Specification for Preformed Fillers for
necessary that detailing at the junction of roof Expansion Joint in Concrete Pavement and
and vertical face of parapet wall is done very Structures. Sealing compound should confirm
carefully. Following should be ensured: to IS: 1834 - Specification for Hot Applied
Sealing Compounds for Joints in Concrete.
I) The fillet (angular or concave, not General Arrangements for an expansion joint
convex) of 75mm should be provided all are shown in Fig. 2.
along the junction of parapet wall with
roof. 2.5 A water proofing system should have
the following properties:
ii) Coping on top of the parapet wall should
also be provided with adequate slope
alongwith the provision of drip course on a) It should be impermeable or should have
either side. very low permeability.
iii) Water proofing system should be b) It should have strong adhesion with
extended from roof to parapet wall for a substrata.
minimum height of 150 mm with a chase. c) It should be sufficiently elastic so as to
General arrangements at junction of roof withstand expansion and contraction of
with parapet are given in fig.1. substrata due to temperature
(iv) Typical details of junction arrangement fluctuations.
of rain water pipe with roof are indicated d) It should have high resistance to abrasion
in Fig. 1.1. lnvert level of rain water pipe and cracking.
should be approx. 25 mm below the level e) It should be resistant to ultra violet rays.
of top of adjacent tiles. Grating should
be fixed at the mouth of railway water f) It should be breathable i.e. permit vapour
pipe to prevent entry of leaves/other transmission.
waste material from roof. Unless, g) Its application should be easy..
specified otherwise, rain water pipe and
h) It should be durable.
fittings should be properly secured to
the walls. 3. PREVALENT WATER PROOFING
SYSTEM FOR ROOFS:
2.4 Expansion Joints:
3.1 Various water proofing system
Expansion joints in buildings/ other
prevalent in our country are as under:
structures may become source of perennial
seepage due to failure of expansion joint fillers
i) Lime concrete terracing
and sealants. Expansion joint should be
treated with suitable non-absorbent,
ii) Mud-Phuska treatment.
compressible, non-brittle and water tight
sealants so that no leakage occurs through
iii) Water proofing using polyethylene films.
61
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
62
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
50 x 50 cm CONC.
KHURA
GRATING WITH SLOPE 1 IN 50
TILES
BEND
WATER PROOFING
RCC SLAB TREATMENT
BRACKET
Fig. 1.1
63
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
RCC PRECAST TILE 25 mm THICK TO MATCH THE FLOORE FINISH AND LAID OVER A COAT
OF HOT BITUMEN
RAWL PLUGS AND SCREWS
12 mm GAP
300 mm
100 mm
METAL CRADEL FILLED UP WITH
BITUMEN FILLER
25
mm
PLASTER
R.C.C. BEAM
150 mm
12 mm GAP RAWL PLUGS AND SCREWS WITH SUITABLE OVAL SHAPED
SLOT AND WASHER
FLAT AC SHEET OR PLYWOOD OR ANY OTHER EQUALLY SUITABLE MATERIAL 150mm WIDE
(a) EXPANSION JOINT AT FLOOR LEVEL
WATERPROOFING TREATMENT
PREFORMED BITUMINOUS
FILLER
SLAB
SLAB
BITUMINOUS COATING
65
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
After laying it shall be initially rammed v) Finish:- In case of accessible roof, one
with a rammer weighing not more than 2 kg layer of burnt clay flat terracing tiles
and then finished to the required evenness (according to IS:2690 Part-1 and Part-2)
and slopes. Further consolidation shall be may be laid over a thin layer of lime
done using wooden 'thapies' with rounded mortar. However, in the extreme
edges. The workmen will sit close together condition where there is considerable
and beat the surface lightly. The beating will expansion and contraction, two layers of
normally have to be carried on for at least tiles may be put on the top of lime
seven days until the 'thapi' makes no pozzolana concrete. These tiles should
impression on the surface and rebounds be joined with non-shrinking impervious
readily from it when struck. In order to cement mortar.
achieve more progress, ramming and
compaction of lime concrete can be done 3.2.3 For more details, IS: 3036 - Laying
mechanically with the help of a tamping Lime Concrete For Water Proofed Roof Finish,
machine developed by C.B.R.I., Roorkee. may be referred.
iii) Curing:- The lime concrete after ii) A coat of mud phuska of 100 mm average
compaction shall be cured for a minimum thickness consisting of puddled clay
of 10 days or until it hardens by covering conforming to specification as laid
with a thin layer of grass or straw which down under IS: 2115.
shall be kept wet continuously.
iii) A layer of 25mm mud plaster consisting
iv) Treatment at junction of roof and of puddled clay mixed with chopped straw
parapet:- All along the junction of roof 30 to 35 kg per cubic meter of soil.
surface with parapet wall, a strip of lime
concrete fillet shall be laid and finished iv) One or two layer of tile laid on a bed of
smooth. Typical detail of treatment at mud mortar and pointed in 1:3 cement
junction between lime concrete water sand mortar.
proofed roof finish and masonry walls are
illustrated in the fig. 3.
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PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
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3.3.2 Material: performed in accordance with the
procedure laid down in IS: 1199. The
i) Soil for Mud Phuska: The soil for mud slump should be about 70mm.
Phuska shall be free from gravel and
coarse sand (of particle size greater than iv) Mud Mortar: Mud mortar, used as
2mm), vegetable matter and fine kankar bedding under brick tile layer, shall be
particles. The soil shall also be free from prepared in the same manner as mud
harmful and efforescent salts. The plaster but without any addition of fibrous
coarse material shall not exceed 25% by reinforcing material and binding material.
mass. The plasticity index of the soil The mud mortar may be used
shall be between 10- 15 percent. immediately without any rotting period.
Generally soil suitable for brick making
is suitable for mud-phuska. v) Brick Tiles: These shall conform to the
requirements given in IS: 2690 (Part-1)
ii) Soil for Mud Plaster and Mud Mortar: or IS: 2690 (Part-II).
The soil shall be free from vegetable
roots, gravel and coarse sand of particle 3.3.3Application Procedure:
size greater than 2mm. The coarse
material shall not exceed 10% by mass. Various steps involved in this
The soil shall also be free from harmful system are as under:
and efforescent salts. The plasticity
index of the soil shall be between 10-15 i) Preparatory Works: Prior to
percent. application of treatment, preparatory
works like filling of cracks by cement
iii) Mud Plaster: The mud plaster shall be sand slurry, provision of adequate
prepared from soil conforming to above number of drain outlets, provision of
ii). The dry soil shall be reduced to fine 75mm fillet at junction of roof slab with
powder and mixed with water in a pit, parapet wall, provision of a groove /
adding wheat straw 6% by mass and chase in parapet wall etc. as described
cowdung 12% by mass. The mixture in IS: 3067- Code of Practice for General
shall be allowed to rot for a period of not Design Details & Preparatory Works for
less than 7 days. During this period, it Damp Proofing and Water Proofing of
shall be pugged manually using spades, Buildings, shall be completed.
if necessary, to get a homogeneous mass
free from lumps and clods. ii) Cleaning of Roof Surface: The
surface of roof and the part of the parapet
The consistency of the mortar shall be and gutters, drain mouths, etc. over which
adjusted by taking it in a trowel and the water proofing treatment is to be
observing how it slides off the face of applied shall be thoroughly cleaned of all
trowel. The mortar shall readily slide off, foreign matter, namely fungus and dust
but at the same time shall not be so wet etc. by wire brushing and dusting.
as to part into large drops before falling.
Alternatively, slump test may be
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PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
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iii) Application of Bitumen over Cleaned Normally a Mud Phuska layer, laid
Roof Surface: After cleaning of roof to a compacted thickness of not less
surface, a coat of hot bitumen (Residual than 100mm, is considered
type bitumens 80/100) over the roof adequate.
surface shall be applied evenly over the
entire surface without any gap. Bitumen The surface shall be allowed to dry for a
coat is extended over the vertical period of not less than 24 hours. If any cracks
surfaces meeting with the slab. Bitumen appear, these shall be filled with a grout of
commonly used is residual type the binder material.
petroleum bitumen of grade 80/100 or hot
cut back bitumen. Residual type bitumen v) Applying Mud Plaster: After laying the
is heated to a temp of not less than 165o mud phuska, mud plaster shall be laid to
C and not more than 170o C. The a total thickness of not less than 25mm
quantity of bitumen to be spread per 10 over the surface. The plaster may be
sqm. of the surface is approx. 17 kg. applied in a single coat or two coats of
15mm and 10mm.
iv) Laying of Mud -Phuska:
After the application, the coat of plaster
a) Preparation: The soil shall be shall be allowed to dry. The surface shall be
stacked in required quantities in checked once more for slope and evenness
about 300mm high stacks over a with a straight edge and spirit level and made
level ground and the top surface up wherever necessary by application of the
divided into suitable compartments plaster.
of convenient size by bunding. The
estimated quantity of water vi) Paving with Brick Tiles: After
corresponding to optimum moisture application of mud plaster, the brick tiles
content shall be added about 12 shall be laid flat on a thin layer of mud
hours before the use and allowed mortar. The tiles shall be laid close to
to soak. The stacks of soil shall each other and the thickness of joints
then be worked up with spades and shall not be less than 6mm and not more
hands to ensure proper distribution than 15mm. It shall be ensured while
of moisture at the time the soil is to laying tiles that mud mortar rises
be used. vertically in joints to a height of about
15mm. The brick tile shall be allowed to
b) Laying:The Mud-Phuska prepared dry for a period of 24 hours before
as above shall be carried to the grouting the joint. After drying, the joint
surface to be covered and laid in shall be grouted with cement sand mortar
loose thickness not greater than (1:3). It shall be ensured that the joints
150mm. The surface shall then be are completely filled by mortar. The
brought to the slope of 1 in 40. It mortar shall be allowed to set for a
shall then be rammed manually minimum of 12 hours before further
with wooden rammers and 'thappies' pointing of the joints which need to be
so as to obtain maximum density. done only if necessary. Before pointing,
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PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
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the grouted joints shall be brushed clean Patent Stones i.e. 1:2:4 cement concrete
with a soft brush. Typical details for the with 10mm down aggregate or cement
treatment are given in Fig. 4. concrete.
vii) Curing: The surface of finished roof shall 3.4.2 Application procedure:
be kept wet for a period of not less than
7 days. Various steps involved in this system are
as under:
3.3.4For more details IS: 2115 - Code
of Practice for Flat Roof Finish: Mud- Phuska, i) Provision of slope and completion of
may be referred. preparatory works:- Prior to application
of water proofing treatment roof surface
3.4 Water proofing using polyethelene shall be provided with a minimum slope
film: of 1 in 100 with cement concrete or
cement sand mortar or lime surkhy
3.4.1 It consist of laying of polyethylene mortar. After provision of slope all
film on slopped roof surface. This system is preparatory works like filling up of cracks
suitable for new as well as old roofs. This in roof structures by cement sand slurry,
treatment generally consist of application of provision of adequate number of drain
following courses: outlets, provision of 75mm fillet at
junction of roof slab with parapet wall.,
i) A coat of bitumen primer conforming to provision of a groove/ chase in parapet
IS: 3384 applied to the prepared surface wall etc. as described in IS:3067-1988
at the rate of 0.3 to 0.5 kg/m2 . "shall be completed.
ii) Application of hot applied bitumen ii) Method of laying:- After completion of
(straight run bitumen conforming to IS: preparatory works, a coat of primer shall
73 ) at the rate of 0.70 kg/m2 minimum. be applied on the prepared roof surface
by brushing and allow it to dry for 6 to 12
iii) Laying of polyethylene film conforming hours. Then a coat of hot bitumen shall
to IS: 2508 with cold cutback adhesive be spread on the roof surface and
in overlaps. allowed to cool to a temperature so that
the film may be laid without any damage
iv) Laying of 100 gm brown kraft paper to it.
laminated insitu over the film with semi
hot layer of straight run bitumen. The polyethylene film shall be carefully
laid and pressed on the bituminous layer. The
v) Application of semi hot applied bitumen film shall be pressed down with the help of a
at the rate of 0.7 kg/m2 dusted with fine gunny cloth so as to prevent any damage to
sand. the film. The next length of the polythelene
film shall be similarly laid down with proper
vi) Laying of finishing layer of tiles or Indian longitudinal and end overlaps firmly pressed
on the bituminous layer. The joints and
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overlaps shall be carefully sealed with the help IS: 2690 (Part-2);
of cutback bitumen applied over the upper
surface of lower layer of polyethylene film. c) Indian Patent Stone i.e. 1:2:4
Minimum width of lap shall be 10 cm between concrete 40mm thick with 10 mm
adjacent films and at the ends. As far as down aggregate.
possible for flat roof the film shall be laid at
right angles to the direction of flow of water Typical details for complete treatment for
with overlap facing downwards. Width of film new roofs are shown in Fig. 5. For old roofs,
should be selected in such a way so that no. details are shown in Fig. 6.
of laps are minimum.
3.4.3Precautions in laying
On polyethelene film 100 gm brown kraft polyethelene film:
paper shall be fixed with semi hot layer of
straight run bitumen. The technique of fixing i) The roof surface should be reasonably
kraft paper to polyethelene film is to paint semi smooth so as to avoid puncturing of film.
hot bitumen on the paper, reverse it and Primer should not be applied on wet
laminate over the film. surface.
Kraft paper shall be coated with ii) Excessive bitumen should not be used
semi hot applied bitumen at the rate of 0.7 kg/ for bonding the film to the prepared
m2 dusted with fine sand. After finishing roof surface, which may otherwise result in
surface, treatment shall be applied to parapet, the film sliding and wrinkling.
gutters and drain mouth.
iii) Over stretching of the film shall be
iii) Treatment at the junction of roof with avoided at the time of laying, which
parapet wall:- Typical details of otherwise leads to wrinkles when the film
treatment at junction of roof with parapet retracts.
wall are shown in Fig.5. Where down
water pipes are provided to drain off the iv) The laying of the film should be
rain water, extra piece of polyethylene immediately followed by subsequent
film shall be provided in the opening operations of covering with bituminous
covering the edge of the water pipe and compositions. It is found that if the film
covered with cement plaster 1:6. is left, exposed, it can lead to softening
of bitumen layer underneath causing
iv) Surface Finish:- After completion of wrinkles, which may possibly lead to
treatment, roof shall be provided with damage. The work should not be carried
any one of the following: out at high temperature.
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3.4.4 For more details IS: 7290 - i) Preparation of roof surface:- The
Recommendations for Use of Polyethylene surface shall be cleaned to remove all
Film For Water Proofing of Roofs, may be dust, foreign matters, lose materials or
referred. any other deposits of contamination.
Cracks and depression shall be filled up
3.5 Polymer modified cementitious by fillers (cement sand mortar as per
slurry coating: recommendation of suppliers). Prepared
surface shall be thoroughly prewetted for
3.5.1 Polymer modified cementitious one hour.
slurry coatings are applied over the base
concrete. This technique of water proofing is ii) Preparation of polymer modified
latest development in the field of water cementitious slurry:- Dry blend and
proofing. Polymer imparts significant liquid blend shall be mix into the desired
improvement in impermeability. Polymer ratio as per recommendation of supplier.
modified cementitious slurry have coefficient The mix shall be stirred thoroughly, until
of expansion very similar to concrete thereby no bubbles remain in the mix. Any lump
it does not get cracked due to thermal variation found in mix shall be removed.
of concrete.
iii) First coat of polymer modified
Polymer modified cementitious cementitious slurry shall be applied by
slurry coatings consist of a liquid blend and a brush on wet cleaned surface.
dry blend. The liquid blend consist of the
polymer, liquid additives and clean water. Dry iv) Subsequently, fibre glass cloth shall be
blend consist of locally available portland laid over first coat of polymer modified
cement and aggregates. These blends are cementitious slurry.
mixed in specified ratio generally 2:1 (cement
: polymer) by weight and applied by brush on v) Second coat of polymer modified
a prepared clean surface. Generally, two cementitious slurry shall be laid over
coats are provided. However, manufacturer's fibre glass cloth.
recommendations should be followed in this
regard. To impart more flexibility, it is vi) Polymer modified cementitious brush
desirable to use some reinforcement like fibre topping shall be applied over second coat
glass cloth sandwitched between two coats. of polymer modified coating.
This coating should be covered by screed
concrete to protect it against physical damage. vii) On brush topping, screed concrete, 1:2:4
This system can be used over new as well as admixed with suitable integral water
old roofs. proofing compound 25 to 40mm thick to
a min. slope of 1 in 100 with aggregate
3.5.2Application of polymer modified size down 10mm with maximum water
cemenetitious slurry coating :- Broadly cement ratio 0.45, shall be laid.
following steps are involved in application of
this system. Above system may slightly differ from
case to case depending upon the instruction
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PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
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of supplier of water proofing system. There proofing treatment roof surface should
is no relevant Indian standard/ other code of be provided with a minimum slope of 1
practice for this system. Therefore , work in 100 with plain cement concrete. After
should be carried out as per manufacturers'/ provision of slope all preparatory works
suppliers instructions. Users are advised to like filling up of cracks by cement sand
collect complete literature from manufacturer slurry, provision of adequate number of
and study carefully prior to application of drain outlets, provision of 75mm fillet at
treatment. A typical diagram for this system. junction of roof slab with parapet wall.,
is given in Figure 7. provision of a groove/ chase in parapet
wall etc. as described in IS:3067 should
3.5.3 Since, there are no relevant Indian be completed.
or any other standards available, this system
needs to be adopted carefully. ii) Laying a coat of cold applied bitumen
primer @ 0.2 to 0.4 l/sqm on entire roof
3.6 Water proofing using polymer surface.
modified bituminous membrane:
iii) Laying 85/25 grade hot blown bitumen
3.6.1 Addition of polymer in bitumen @ 1.2kg/sqm all over the surface.
improves its workability characteristics,
penetration and softening behaviour, tensile iv) Laying 2.5-3mm thick polymer modified
and fatigue properties and capacity to bridge bituminous membrane with non-woven
movement of cracks/ joints in the substrate. polyester fibre glass mat reinforcement,
Non-woven fibre glass mat and non-woven applied by torch with sealing all the
polyester mat are generally used as joints.
reinforcement to improve their characteristics
like lap joint strength, tensile strength and v) Laying 85/25 grade hot blown bitumen
flexibility. Polymer modified bituminous @ 1.2 kg/sqm all over the surface.
membrane are obtained by sand-wiching non-
woven polyester fabrics or fibre glass mat vi) Final finish with china mosaic tiles on a
between layers of high quality polymer modified 15mm thick grey cement plaster bed.
bituminous membranes. These membranes
have high softening point, high tensile strength, Method of application may slightly differ
high tear & puncture resistance, high joint depending upon product and manufacturers'
strength and low water vapour transmission. recommendations. As there is no relevant IS
This system is suitable for new as well as old code of practice for this water proofing
roofs. system, work should be carried out as per
manufacturers' recommendations. Users are
3.6.2Method of application :- Steps advised to collect complete literature from
involved in this water proofing system may manufacturers and study completely prior to
be as given below: application of treatment.
i) Provision of slope and cleaning of roof A typical scheme for laying of bitumen
surface:- Prior to application of water membrane is shown in sketch 8.
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3.6.3 Since there are no relevant should be decided depending upon the
Indian or any other standards available, this condition of leakage in the roofs. Minor
system needs to be adopted carefully. repairs at isolated locations may be carried
out immediately on dry day and performance
3.7 Water proofing using bitumen of repair should be observed after next rainfall.
felts: Major repairs, like complete replacement of
water proofing system, may be carried out
This system consists of laying of bitumen after rainy season prior to next monsoon.
felts over sloped roof surface. Life of this
treatment is limited to 4-6 years only. Thus, 5.2 Thorough inspection:- The
recurring cost is very high. Therefore, this inspection of roof should cover all the
system should not be adopted for water essential aspects which may affect water
proofing. proofing system and may cause leakage in
the roofs. Following aspect should be
4. MEASURES TO PREVENT LEAKAGE specifically covered:
IN NEW CONSTRUCTION:
a) Availability of adequate slopes
In new construction, the problem of (minimum 1 in 100)
leakage can be prevented by extending roof
beyond supporting walls by 30 cm or so , in b) Provision of 75mm fillet at the junction
order to prevent locations having combined of roof and parapet walls.
vertical and horizontal joints and by satisfying
basic requirement of water proofing of roofs c) Provision of adequate number and size
at design & construction stage. Extension of of openings.
roof will eleminate chances of leakage on
supporting walls, as the vertical joint on d) Provision of slope and drip course in
supporting wall is eliminated. Basic copings.
requirement of water proofing of roofs i.e.
provision of adequate slope, no. of openings, e) Any source of permanent leakage of
proper detailing at junction of roof & parapet water like
wall, proper treatment at expansion joint &
provision of effective water proofing system • over head water storage tanks
have been described in para 2.
• leaking water supply pipe
5. INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE
FOR LEAKY ROOFS: • broken down water drainage pipes
5.1 Before taking any decision regarding • leakage at joints of down water
remedial measures to be adopted for leaky drainage pipes (causes wetness in
roofs, it is necessary that the roofs are walls)
inspected thoroughly. The inspection should
preferably be done during rainy season. Based f) Undulations/ minor depression in roof
on the observations, future course of action surface where water may stagnate.
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PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
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g) Growth of plants on the roof. the junction of roof & parapet wall, condition
of fillet & drain outlets need to be examined.
h) Condition of water proofing treatment, Broken pipes may be replaced and fillet may
especially development of cracks/ be constructed again after dismantling old fillet.
debonding etc. Plaster on walls and coping should also be
examined and repaired, if necessary.
i) Condition of ceiling/ walls below the roof
etc. 5.3.2 Course of action for roofs leaking
at isolated points:
5.3 Attention to roof leaking at
isolated points: Following course of action should
normally be followed for repairs of roofs
5.3.1 During inspection, if it is observed leaking at isolated points:
that the leakage through roof is at isolated
location, then such location should be carefully i) Cleaning of roof surface and
studied. It should be examined whether basic openings:- First of all, entire roof surface
requirement for water proofing has been and all the openings should be cleaned
fulfilled. If basic requirement for a leak proof so as to ensure effective and un-
roof as mentioned in para -2 are not fulfilled, obstructed flow of rain water through the
any type of water proofing system will not work openings provided on the roofs. Weeds
satisfactorily. Thus, first of all, action should and any other foreign material on roof
be taken to ensure that basic requirement of surface should be removed. The
leak proof roof are fulfilled. Leakage at blockage in the openings should be
isolated locations may be due to some defects cleared. It should be ensured that
at that particular location. Depending upon the openings are functional.
water proofing system adopted on roof,
action should be taken to rectify the defect. ii) Arresting permanent leakage of water
In case of roofs provided with bitumen felt, from its sources:-If continuous leakage
there may be debonding or leakage through of water is observed on roof from any
joints. In that case, defective location have source, like over head water storage tank
to be identified, cut and removed and new or leaking water supplying pipe lines etc.,
layer of bitumen felt may be provided duly the same should be arrested by repairing
keeping desired overlap length. Similarly, in over head water storage tank/ pipeline.
other bituminous treatment, existing
bituminous layer may be removed and fresh iii) Identification and attention to
layer may be laid. In case of roofs provided locations of stagnated water:- Leakage
with lime terracing with tiles, there may be of roof takes place only when water does
depression on roof surface or loss of cement not drain off quickly and stagnates over
mortar between tiles. Such defects may be the roof surface. Generally, water
rectified by fresh pointing/ plaster. Preferably stagnates over the depression formed in
pointing should be done with non-shrink the roof surface. Thus, locations having
polymer modified cement mortar. In case depression in roof surface should be
wetness is observed on the wall just below
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PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
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attended. Subsequently, it should be by fresh mud-phuska and mud-plaster.
ensured that there is no location on roofs
where water stagnates. b) Provision of adequate slope:-Many
of the old roofs may not have adequate slope.
iv) Repair of filet at junction of roof on For lime concrete terracing, a minimum slope
parapet wall:- Condition of fillet at of 1 in 60 is necessary. Therefore, after
junction of roofs on parapet wall should removal of top surface, slope of existing roof
be examined and any damage/ defective should be examined and if necessary, re-
portion should be repaired. grading of roof surface should be carried out
using lime concrete/ cement concrete. Prior
v) Repair to joints of tiles :- Condition of to regrading of roof surface, level should be
pointing at joints in between tiles should marked on roof and parapet . Subsequently
be examined and wherever mortar has existing lime concrete surface should be made
come out, fresh pointing in cement rough. After that re-grading work should be
mortar 1:3 should be done. After pointing taken up. After re-grading, top surface should
curing should also be ensured. be made smooth using cement plaster 1:3 and
surface should be cured for 7 days. Similarly,
vi) Repair to plaster and coping on on mud-phuska roofs a slope of 1 in 40 shall
parapet:- Broken/ decayed plaster on be ensured. If necessary, roof surface should
parapet wall should be replaced by fresh be re-graded using mud-phaska and mud
plaster. Coping should also be attended plaster. After re-grading, layer of mud-plaster
alongwith provision of slope. should be allowed to dry before relaying of
top surface.
vii) After taking above steps, behaviour of
roof surface should be watched and if c) Re-laying of top surface:- After
leakage still persists, following steps completion of re-grading, a layer of burnt clay
have to be taken: tiles should be laid. Old tiles may be used if
they are in good condition. Tiles should be
a) Removal of complete top surface and laid over 20 mm cement mortar 1:3. Tiles
repair of lime concrete:- should be joined with impervious cement
mortar.
Entire top surface which may be
consisting of tiles and bitumen felts etc. should 5.4 Attention to roofs leaking heavily:
be removed and condition of the layer below
it i.e. lime concrete/ mud plaster should be If heavy leakage is observed at large no.
examined. Minor cracks should be sealed with of location on the walls and on the ceiling,. it
cement sand slurry or bitumen compounds is an indication of ineffective water proofing
after making 'V' groove in case of lime treatment. In such cases, it will be necessary
concrete. Defective concrete should be to remove entire existing water proofing
replaced by fresh lime concrete. In case of material like bitumen felts/ mastic etc. After
mud-phuska, minor cracks may be filled up removing the existing water proofing material,
by bituminous compound. Decayed mud fresh water proofing treatment has to be
plaster and mud phuska should be replaced provided. In case of lime concrete terracing,
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ANNEXURE 2.8
Para 227(a)
Station/Kilometrage ...................
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Particulars Area in square Metres
Block No. of of buildings ______________________________________________
No. units and out-houses White White Painting Distem-
washing washing wood- pering
inside outside work inside
Officer
or Senior
Group C
staff Qrs.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sources from Dated signature in
Plan which the quantities token of correctness Remarks Divisional
No. are taken Engineer's
_________________ __________________ initials.
M.B Page Section Assistant
No. No. Engineer. Engineer.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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ANNEXURE 2.9.
Para 228 (b) & (c)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Date of Condition of structure at Action Initials of
inspection the time of inspection taken Inspecting Officials
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Annexure 2.10 Para 201 (d)
DIMENSIONS FOR THE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
(Ref: NBC 1983)
1 HABITABLE ROOMS
Minimum plinth : 45 cm above road level
Minimum height(clear) : 3.00* m
Minimum ventilation : 1/12th of floor area for cold climate
: 1/10th of floor area for dry hot climate
: 1/8th of floor area for intermediate climate
: 1/6th of floor area for wet hot climate
Minimum size : 9.5 sqm
Minimum dimension : 2.4m
2 KITCHENS
Minimum size : 5.0 sqm
Minimum width : 1.80m
Minimum ventilation : 25% more than specified for item 1
3 KITCHEN & DINING
Minimum size : 7.5 sqm
Minimum width : 2.10 m
4 BATHROOM
Minimum size : 1.8 sqm
Minimum width : 1.2m
5 WATER CLOSET
Minimum size : 1.1sqm
Minimum width : 0.9 m
6 TOILET
Minimum size : 2.8 sqm
Minimum width : 1.2 m
7 Minimum height : 2.0 m
(For 4,5, & 6)
8 STAIRCASE
Flight Width : 1.0 m
Minimum tread : 0.25m
Maximum riser : 0.19 m
Maximum riser/flight : 15 nos.
9 MINIMUM PARAPET
Minimum : 1.05 m
Maximum : 1.20 m
*NBC specifies as 2.75 m, however for railway residential buildings it is considered
that it should be 3.00m
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PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
Hot & Arid Hot & Humid Warm & Humid Cold
Zone Zone Zone Zone
Agra Ahmedabad Cochin Darjeeling
Ajmer Asansol Dwarka Drass
Akola Bhavnagar Guwahati Gulmarg
Aligarh Bhuj Puri Leh
Allahabad Bombay Sibsagar Mussoorie
Ambala Calcutta Silichar Nainital
Bareilly Calicut Tezpur Ootacamund
Bikaner Cuttack Trivadrum Shillong
Gaya Dohad Veraval Shimla
Jabalpur Jamnagar Skardu
Jaipur Jamshedpur Srinagar
Kanpur Madras
Khandwa Madurai
Kota Mangalore
Lucknow Masulipatam
Ludhiana Midnapur
Nagpur Nellore
Neemuch Patna
New Delhi Rajkot
Roorkee Ratnagiri
Sambalpur Salem
Sholapur Surat
Umaria Tiruchichirapalli
Varanasi Vellore
Vishakhapatnam
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PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
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1 Hospitals, control office buildings, water 3.2 For parts of buildings between separation
tanks and electrical sub-stations should or crumple sections or expansion joints,
be specifically designed to withstand floor slabs shall be continuous throughout
highest probable earthquake forces with as far as possible. Concrete slabs shall
minor damages so that functioning of be rigidly connected or integrally cast with
activities can continue unhampered. the support beams.
2 Lightness: The building shall be as light 3.3 During addition and alteration, provision
as possible consistent with structural of separate crumple section between new
safety and functional requirements. and existing structures shall be provided
Particularly, the roofs and upper storeys as far as possible, unless possible
should be light. measures are taken to establish
continuity between the existing and new
3 Continuity of Construction:
construction.
3.1 As far as possible the parts should be
3.4 Typical details of few types of separation
tied together in such a manner that the
or crumple sections are shown below in
building acts as one unit.
figures A to G.
88
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
89
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
90
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
91
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
conjunctions with IS 1893:1984 shall 10.1 Flat roof or floor shall not preferably be
generally be followed. made of terrace of ordinary bricks
7.2 The structure shall not be founded on supported on steel, timber or reinforced
such loose soil which will subside or concrete joints, nor these shall be of a
liquefy during an earthquake, resulting type which is likely to be loosened or
in large differential settlements. fall during earthquake. If this type of
construction cannot be avoided, the
7.3 The sub grade below the entire building joists should be blocked at ends and
shall preferably be of the same type of bridged at intervals such that their
soil. Wherever this is not possible a spacing is not altered during an
suitably located separation or crumple earthquake.
section shall be provided.
10.2 For pitched roofs, corrugated iron or
7.4 Loose fine sand, soft silt and expansive asbestos sheets shall be used in
clays should be avoided. In unavoidable preference to country, Allahabad or
circumstances, the building shall rest Mangalore tiles or other loose roofing
either on a rigid raft foundation or on units. All roofing materials shall be tied
piles taken to a firm stratum. However, to supporting members. Heavy roofing
for light constructions, foundation may materials shall generally be avoided.
rest on such a soil after improving the
soil by sand piling or soil stabilizing. 10.3 Jack arch roofs or floors where used
shall be provided with mild steel ties in
8 Ductility: all spans along with diagonal braces in
plan to ensure diaphragms actions.
8.1 The main structural elements shall be
designed to have a ductile failure. This 11 Strengthening Arrangements and
will enable the structure to absorb Bands:
energy during earthquakes to avoid
sudden collapse of the structures. 11.1 All masonry buildings are to be
Reinforcing steel should be provided in strengthened as per IS: 1893 -1984.
masonry in critical sections, which will Lintel Band should be provided at lintel
not only increase the strength and level and in all load bearing walls, panel
stability but also the ductility. IS walls as well as partition walls also. This
13920:1993 may be referred for details. will improve stability during severe
earthquake.
9 Damage to non-structural parts: 11.2 R.C.C. roof bands should be provided
9.1 Suitable details shall be worked out to immediately below the roofs or floors.
connect the non-structural parts with the 11.3 Gable band is provided at the top of
structural framing so that the gable masonry below the purlins.
deformation of the structural frame 11.4 Plinth band-cum-damp proof course is
leads to minimum damage of the non- provided at plinth level of walls, on top
structural elements. of the foundation wall in cases where
strip footing of masonry is used and soil
10 Roofs and Floors: is either soft or uneven in property. For
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PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
details refer IS: 1893-1984. an earthquake without causing
structural damage. The supporting
12 Staircases: members, columns or walls are isolated
12.1 The interconnection of the stairs with from the roof by means of separation
the adjacent floor should be or crumple section.
appropriately treated by providing 12.2.2 Built-in Staircases: When stairs are
sliding joints at the stairs to eliminate built monolithically with floors, they can
their bracing effects on floors. Large be protected against damage by
stair halls shall preferably be separated providing rigid walls at the stair opening.
from the rest of the building by means Two walls enclosing the staircase shall
of separation or crumple section. extend through the entire height of the
12.2 Three types of stair construction may staircase and building foundation
be adopted, as below: 12.2.3 Staircase with sliding joints: In case
12.2.1 Separated Staircases: In this case, one it is not possible to provide rigid walls
end of the staircase rests on the wall for built in stairs or to adopt separated
and the other end is carried by columns stair case, the stair case shall have
and beams which have no connection sliding joints so that they will not act as
with the floors. The opening between diagonal bracing.
the floor and the staircase may be
covered with some appropriate material The sketches on above types of staircases
which could crumple and fracture during are shown below:
93
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
94
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
96
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
the lost strength only partly. The cracks are cleaned by injecting water in
structure remains permanently it.
weakened.
16.3.2 Major cracks (cracks more than 5 mm) and
16.3 Structural Restoration: This includes crushed concrete. After removing the
adding strength to the weakened/ loose materials, the expansive cement
damaged building to restore the lost mortar/quick setting cement can be used.
strength. Due to earthquake, a building Steel wire mesh nailed to the wall can be
may develop any one or more provided outside and covered with plaster
combination, the following: (1:2)
16.3.3 Fractured /yielded/ buckled
16.3.1 Minor cracks
reinforcements: The new steel should be
16.3.2 Major cracks and crushed concrete welded to the old ones. Additional stirrup
16.3.3 Fractured or excessive yielded or steel should be used and additional
longitudinal bars can also be anchored in
buckled reinforcements and
a hole drilled in the member.
16.3.4 Fractured timber members.
16.3.4 Fractured timber members: After removing
the rotten wood, splice should be nailed
Methods of their structural restoration are and preferably be covered with steel
indicated as under: straps nailed to the member. If the
execution is done properly, then after the
16.3.1 Minor cracks (cracks 0.50mm to 5mm): structural restoration, the building will be
Minor cracks can be repaired by injecting as strong as new.
low viscosity epoxy resins through ports 17 Seismic Retro fitting and Repair/
in the cracks after the cracks are sealed Strengthening of Building are specialized
by use of epoxy sealant. Cement water job. Therefore, services of an architect/
mixture (1:1) can also be used after the consultant may be availed of for carrying
out these repairs.
97
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
Sample Plans
Fig. 1 - Roof plan showing terracing with slopes, water proofing and water outlets.
Fig. 2 & 3 - Detailed larger size plans of toilets and kitchens indicating the location and type
of fittings and treatment on floor and walls.
Fig. 4 - Plan showing layout of furniture and furnishing and their type.
Fig. 5, 6 & 7 - Sanitary fittings, drainage and sewage plan, plumbing details.
Fig. 8 - Electrical wiring plans.
98
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
RWP (75
RWP (75 MM.) MM.)
V V
FL
W OW
AT O
ER F
RIDGE
LINE
ER F
AT O
W W
O
V
FL
V V
NOTES :-
99
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
LOFT
LOFT
LOFT SLAB LOFT SLAB
(75MM. THK.) (75MM. THK.)
GLAZED TILES
UP YO 2100 MM. HT.
FLUSHING
TAP CISTERN
GLAZED TILES
UPTO 2100 MM. HT.
MARBLE FLOORING
TILES 25 MM. LOWER
THAN HOUSE FLOOR
100
MARBLE FLOORING
TILES 25 MM. LOWER
THAN HOUSE FLOOR
TAP
W.C.
(2300X1400)
FLOOR B B
TRAP
GEYSER BATH
(2300X1400)
BASIN
A WITH MIRROR A
SHOWER
2100
65
900
750
785
585
50
SECTION AT C-C
WASH BASIN
SHELT
1800
SINK
KITCHEN
3600X2400
2100
GAS STOVE
C C
600
P.P.
101
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
1200x1200 PLATFORM
1800 HEIGHT UP
TAP
W1 W1
D1
SINK WITH
C.B.
C.B.
DRAINING
BOARD
KITCHEN
W.B.
3600x2400
W1
D2
LIVING/DINING
3050x7260
V R W1
W.B.
C.B.
BATH D2
2300x1400
WOODEN
D3 FOLDING
V PARTION
LOFT
W.C. ABOVE TOILET
1500x1200 D3 & BATH
W.C. FLOOR LEVEL 1" BELOW
ROOM FLOOR LEVEL
T.V.
W TABLE
ALMIRAH
D1
W BED ROOM
C.B.
D1 - 1000x2050
UP D2 - 900x2050
D3 - 750x2050
102
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
SOAK PIT UP
SEPTIC TANK
KITCHEN
INSPECTION PIT
BATH
LIVING/DINING
W.C.
SOIL PIPE
BED ROOM
SIT OUT
UP
SEWAGE LINE SHOWN AS
103
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
UP
1 IN 100
R.W.P. R.W.P.
KITCHEN
5000 x 2400
1 IN 100
2300 x 1400
BATH
1 IN 100
FLOOR TRAP
LIVING
3280 x 7200
1500 x 1200
OPEN SURFACE DRAIN W.C.
BED ROOM
3600 x 3600
TOWARD DRAIN
R.W.P.
SIT OUT
3280 x 1800
R.W.P. R.W.P.
UP
WASTE WATER/R.W. LINE & OPEN SURFACE
DRAINS ARE SHOWN AS
104
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
UP
PE
O
0
SL
15
IN
MAIN OFF
1
VALVE
SHOWER
BATH
FL. TRAPE
LIVING/DINING
W.C.
SPOUT
SIT OUT
UP
WATER SUPPLY LINE SHOWN AS
FLOOR DRAINAGE SLOPE SHOWN AS
105
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
UP NOTES:-
1. NO ELECTRICAL CONDUITS SHOULD RUN IN THE SUNKEN SLAB
OF TOILET, BATH ROOM ETC.
5
2. 15 A POWER PLUG WIRING SHOULD NOT BE COMBINED WITH LIGHT
POINT AND CIRCUIT WRINGS.
3. IN -COMING OF SWITCH BOARD AND POWER POINT WIRING
L T SHOULD NOT BE COMBINED WITH POINT WIRING .
4. RUN OFF MAIN (ie. CIRCUIT WIRINESS ) FROM DISTRIBUTION
BOARDS CAN BE COMBINED WITHIN ONE CONDUIT
KITCHEN L FOR MORE THAN TWO CIRCUITS.
L 5. CONNECTED LOAD PER CIRCUIT SHOULD NOT EXCEED 800 WATTS
L OR 10 POINTS.
S.B. 6. ALL THE CONDUITS SHOULD BE OF APPROVED MAKE AND 2 MM.
THICK.
F 7. AFTER DE-SHUTTERING GI. FISH WIRE SHALL BE PROVIDED IN ALL
P.P. T THE CONDUITS.
8. NEUTRAL WIRE JOINTING SHALL BE ISSUED FOR "B" TYPE
CONNECTOR IN JUNCTION BOXES.
L S.B. 9. WIRING SHOULD BE DONE AS PER LOOP IN LOOP OUT SYSTEM.
T 10. 25 MM. AND 19MM. DIA PVC.CONDUITS SHALL BE ISSUED
BATH LIGHTING /POWER POINTS RESPECTIVELY.
F 11. ALL STAIRCASE /PORTICO LIGHT POINT SHALL BE CONTROLLED
P.P. BY COMMON SERVICE.
12. TWO WAY SWITCH CONTROL ON LIGHT/FAN POINT IN BED ROOM
SHALL BE SUIT THE SITE CONDITIONS.
13. MINIMUM 300 MM. CLEARANCE SHOULD BE MAINTAIN BETWEEN
106
UP
PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
Annexure 2.14
Para 204(c)
S.S. Chauhan
Chairman
Government of India
Central Ground Water Authority
Ministry of Water Resources
Ground Water has been the mainstay for meeting water supply requirements. However,
growing demand for agriculture, industries and urban areas has led to over development of this
resource resulting in substantial decline in ground water levels and deterioration in its quality
threatening the austainability to this resource through rain water harvesting measures to utilize
the surplus monsoon runoff which otherwise goes waste. Central Ground Water Board has
taken up several rain water harvesting pilot projects in different hydrogeological and agro-climatic
set ups and has proved the efficacy of rain water harvesting techniques to augment ground water
resources.
The establishments under your control are having buildings having large roof area and open
areas where these techniques can be fruitfully implemented. I shall request you to kindly advise
your offices to take steps for adoption of rain water harvesting systems for sustainable management
of ground water resources. Central Ground Water Board, having its offices in all the states
offers to provide technical guidance in this regard. A list of offices and their addresses is
enclosed for ready reference.
With regards,
Yours sincerely,
Sd/-
(S.S. Chauhan )
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PLANNING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES AND
HANDING OVER COMMISSIONED ASSETS BY CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION TO OPEN LINE
108
MAINTENANCE OF SANITARY & HYGIENIC CONDITIONS IN STATION BUILDINGS, YARDS & RAILWAY COLONIES
(vii) Presence of any other nuisance, (ii) The water in the reservoir shall not
such as rats or conditions detrimental to the be used for any unauthorised
health and well being of residents purposes like bathing, washing
clothes, cleaning of utensils etc.
Every subject dealt with at meetings
should be recorded by the Committee and (iii) The water shall be periodically
expeditious action taken by Departments treated with bleaching powder or a
concerned. In subsequent meetings disinfecting agent.
compliance on items of earlier meetings should
be pursued by the members. b) Overhead Tanks:
306 Conservancy Work -Conservancy (i) The tanks should be cleaned and
work is classified as - (i) indoor conservancy lime applied on walls as per laid
and (ii) outdoor conservancy. down schedule.
(i) Indoor conservancy - This comprises (ii) The water shall be regularly
the cleaning of indoor sanitary installations, disinfected.
the collection of refuse generated in the
individual quarters like floor sweeping,
110
MAINTENANCE OF SANITARY & HYGIENIC CONDITIONS IN STATION BUILDINGS, YARDS & RAILWAY COLONIES
c) Protection of wells used for drinking: Assistant Engineer.
(i) The exposed area of wells outside (vii) Disinfection of well should be carried
and inside shall be plastered to a out as often as necessary. The work
sufficient depth to prevent is usually undertaken by the staff
percolation of water into the well of the Medical Department. At gang
through the steining at shallow quarters and gate lodges between
depths. stations, the Section Engineer
(Works) should arrange for the
(ii) Parapets should be sufficiently high disinfection of staff-wells.
to prevent entry of spilled-water and
water flowing at ground level. The 308 Deleted
top of steining should be edge- 309 Deleted
finished (triangular shape) to avoid
buckets or vessels being kept HHHHHHH
thereon.
112
PASSENGER AMENITIES, STATIONS AND YARDS
Amenities provided at all the stations (ii) Counters : Width 0.6m., Height
shall be maintained in good working order at above floor level 1 m
all times. Maintenance staff shall carry out
repairs needed immediately after receipt of (iii) Ticket Tubes : On both sides of the
information from the Station Master/Station counters
Manager.
(iv) Furniture : Chairs with caned seats,
408 PASSENGER AMENITY revolving type with short back and
BOOKLETS facility for seat adjustment
113
PASSENGER AMENITIES, STATIONS AND YARDS
(a) Waiting Halls should not be built i) The width should be determined on
detached from the main buildings. At small the basis of the clearance specified
stations where some shelter is available for in the Schedule of Dimensions. The
the passengers near the Booking Office, the platform widths should be adequate
net Waiting Hall area in the form of covered to permit a free unhampered
area on the Platforms may be provided. The movement of passengers.
above mentioned net area should be worked
out after deducting the waiting area in front of ii) The capacity of station platforms in
the Booking Windows from the gross Waiting discharging passengers per metre
Hall area determined on the basis of Annexure width of un-obstructed passage for
4.4. movement in both directions can be
taken as :
(b) Waiting Halls are meant for the paid
passengers and hence should have entry from Suburban Passengers : 60 per minute.
the platform side only.
Non-Suburban Passengers : 40 per minute.
(c) At suburban stations, extensions of
platform shelter in lieu of construction of c) Height of Platforms : The level of
Waiting Hall may be done. platform shall be as mentioned as Annexure
4.2 for various categories at the stations. The
411 Platforms heights for various levels of platforms shall
be as under:
a) Length of Platforms : The length should
be adequate to accommodate the longest train
received at the station.
114
PASSENGER AMENITIES, STATIONS AND YARDS
115
PASSENGER AMENITIES, STATIONS AND YARDS
clear from platform face and not less than 3 (b) Out of total no. of Latrines and
metres clear of the face of the station building. Urinals as determined in manner indicated
Where the station building is less than 7.5m above, one third may be reserved for Ladies.
from the platform face, the lamps should be (c) All toilets should be gradually
supported on wall brackets. Such lamp converted into Pay & Use system.
brackets can be used upto a distance of 9 m
from the platform face. (d) The urinals may be suitably
distributed on platforms and waiting halls.
c) The heights and spacing of the lamps
should be determined by the level of (e) Toilet should be provided near Station
illumination required, the area to be illuminated, Master's office for easy maintenance at D&E
etc. apart from the obligatory locations over category stations.
the station name boards, water taps and other (f) All latrines and urinals should be
passenger facilities required to be illuminated. sanitised. Water-borne sanitation shall be
414 Drinking Water Supply provided as far as practicable.
a) Where piped water supply is possible, (g) An adequate no.of dustbins be
potable drinking water should be supplied on provided at the suitable locations on the
platform by provision of taps at the rate of platforms.
one tap for two coaches. On island platforms 416 Platform Covers
if the trains are expected to be received on
a) Depending on the climatic conditions,
both sides at the same time, number of taps
number of passengers and nature of traffic,
should be doubled.
Platform Covers should be provided as per
b) At small stations, as determined by scale laid down in Annexure 4.4.
the Commercial Department, where provision
b) Large-scale covering of platforms
of piped water supply is technically and
should be confined to
economically not feasible, tube-wells with hand
pumps should be provided. The size, numbers (i) Junction stations
and locations of such tube wells should be (ii) Stations at Civil District
determined by the Engineering Department, Headquarters
based on the quantum of passenger traffic at
(iii) Stations at cities and towns with a
the station.
population of more than 1 lakh
c) In addition, potable drinking water
(iv) Stations in heavy rainfall areas
should be supplied through mobile or stationary
water containers. The number, size, type (v) Suburban stations
and deployment of such mobile containers c) At important and suburban stations,
should be determined by the Commercial the whole platform should be covered.
Department who shall also procure & maintain
them. d) The Platform Covers should be
provided in terms of standard bays and the
415 Latrines, Urinals and Dustbins area under the Platform Covers may therefore
(a) Latrines and Urinals shall be provided marginally exceed the area required to be
as per scale laid down in Annexure 4.4 provided.
116
PASSENGER AMENITIES, STATIONS AND YARDS
___________________________________________________________________________________
Capacity
(No. of Passengers /
Minute/Metre Width )
______________________________
Location Suburban Non-suburban
___________________________________________________________________________________
Level portion 60 40
Stairway (Upward) 55 35
Stairway (Downward) 60 40
Stairway (Both Upward & Downward) 50 30
Ramp (1 in 10 Gradient : 55 35
both Upward & Downward)
___________________________________________________________________________________
117
PASSENGER AMENITIES, STATIONS AND YARDS
a) Waiting Rooms need not be provided (c) Minimum trolleys and catering stalls
at suburban stations i.e. Category 'C' Stations. under the covered shed should be allowed.
118
PASSENGER AMENITIES, STATIONS AND YARDS
422 Other General Items (iii) Section 45(e) of the Act states that
the "The appropriate government and local
(i) All stations irrespective of their class authorities shall, within their limits of the
should be sealed from all directions so that economic capacity and development, provide
there is specified exit and entry and incidence for devising appropriate symbols for disability."
of unauthorised entrants is reduced, to avoid
unnecessary pressure on amenities. (iv) Section 46 of the act states that "The
appropriate government and local authorities
(ii) For mela and fairs traffic, additional shall, within their limits of the economic
temporary facilities may be provided. capacity and development, provide for
119
PASSENGER AMENITIES, STATIONS AND YARDS
424 Station Name Boards plates. Where such tertiary name boards are
provided it may not be necessary to provide
a) Station names should preferably be additional secondary name boards mentioned
engraved and painted on the principal name here in above.
boards made of stone or reinforced cement
concrete. The principal name boards painted e) The spacing of tertiary name boards
on both faces should be fixed at both the ends should be such that at least one name board
of the platform and generally oriented at right is visible from any compartment of a standing
angle to the track without in any way infringing train. The board should preferably be square
the Schedule of Dimensions. The actual angle in shape and fixed with its diagonal axis in a
at which the name boards are fixed should be horizontal position. The length and width of
determined by the site conditions ensuring the the name board will be determined by the
criterion that the name board is clearly visible total written material and their arrangement.
from the approaching trains. The central horizontal axis of the board
should be at a height of 2m above the
b) In the case of long platforms and at platform surface.
stations so identified by the Engineering
Department, additional secondary name f) Subject to the modifications as ordered
boards at convenient intermediate positions by the Railway Board from time to time, the
usually at the rate of one for two coaches may station names on all types of name boards
be fixed parallel to the length of the platform. should be provided in the manner indicated
Such secondary name boards can be made here in under :-
of framed metal, asbestos or wooden sheets
and painted on the sides (one or both) facing (i) The names and their spellings in
the track. different languages shall be as
approved by the State Government.
c) The length and width of the principal
and secondary name boards will be (ii) The station names shall be exhibited
determined by the total written material to be in the following order: Regional
engraved or painted on the name boards. The Language, Hindi and English,
height of the lower edge of the principal and except for Tamil Nadu where the
secondary name boards should be 2m above use of Hindi will be restricted to
the platform level. important stations and pilgrim
centres as determined by the
d) At large stations to be identified by Commercial Department. Where
the Commercial Department, tertiary name the Regional language is Hindi, the
boards of sizes smaller than the principal/ name boards will be in two
secondary name boards should be provided languages, Hindi and English,
facing the adjacent track as fixtures to the except for provision of Urdu
lamp posts or other fixed structures. They language as specified here in below.
should be fixed in a position parallel to the
track. On suburban sections, such tertiary (iii) Stations name boards of stations
name boards may be provided on enamel
120
PASSENGER AMENITIES, STATIONS AND YARDS
falling under the following Districts (v) The script for the station names in
shall also be displayed in Urdu: Hindi shall be Devnagari and for
other languages as adopted by the
Dharbanga, Purniya, Sitamari and respective State Governments.
Katihar, Bhopal, Khandwa, Morena,
Gwalior, Guna, Sagar, Ratlam, (vi) The size of the letters and their
Devas, Dhar, Indore, Khargone, prominence for all the scripts shall
Rajgad, Sehore, Raysen, Jabalpur, be uniform and conform to the
Siwni, Bareli, Bijnor, Lucknow, following :
Meerut, Muradabad, Muzaffar
Nagar, Rampur, Saharanpur, Pilibit, Principal & Height of letters 300mm
Baharaich, Gonda, Barabanki, Secondary thickness in proportion to
Basti, Gurgaon, Balasor, Cuttack, Name Boards: the style of the script
Puri, Bardwan, Hubli, Chittor,
Cuddapah, Ananthpur, Adilabad, Tertiary Height of letters 75mm
Guntur, Kurnool, Karim Nagar, Name Boards: and thickness in
Khammam, Mehboob Nagar, proportion to the style of
Medak, Nellore, Nalgonda, the script.
Warangal, Nizambad, Prakasam,
Rangareddy etc. (All the regions Colour (Non- Letters in Black on Traffic
of Hyderabad including Hyderabad Suburban Yellow background for
Nagar Mahapalika), North Arcot, Stations): Principal, Secondary and
Ambedkar, Dharamapuri, Tertiary name boards.
Sabarkanya, Khoda, Panchmahals
and Baruch, Bellary, Bidar, Bijapur, Colour Letters in Black on Traffic
Dharbad, Gulbarga, Kolar, Raichur, (Suburban Yellow back-ground for
Shimoga, North Kanara, Kodgu, Stations): Principal name boards.
Dhane, Raygad, Ratnagiri, Nasik, Tertiary name boards to
Dhule, Jalgaon, Ahmednagar, have a distinguishing
Purne, Solapur, Aurangabad, target of a ring bisected
Parbani, Bid, Nanded, Usmanabad, by one or two bands on a
Buldhana, Ankola, Amarabati, white background. The
Yawatmal and Nagpur. colours of the target ring,
bands and letters should
(iv) At locations, where any other be chosen by the
language in addition to the above is Engineering Department
considered necessary, the based on the tradition of
Commercial Department may the Railway and the need
decide the matter in consultation for proper contrasting to
and with approval of the appropriate ensure a clear visibility
Railway Users Consultative from a running train.
Committee and the concerned
State Government.
121
PASSENGER AMENITIES, STATIONS AND YARDS
g) All station name boards shall be (iii) Black letters on white background
properly illuminated so that they are legible at for other offices.
night. Special importance is to be given to
the principal name-boards which may be (iv) Blue arrows should be painted at 1.5
specially illuminated with a bright electric lamp metres above platform level or
so that the whole of the board is clearly visible 300mm above the dado level on
and legible at night. the walls directing passengers to
Waiting, Refreshment and Retiring
h) Station names in the same scripts as Rooms. Red arrows should be
specified here in above may also be displayed painted to direct passengers to
on the following structures so as to be visible Station Superintendent, Deputy
from a running train, the letters being in Black Station Superintendent, Enquiry
on Traffic Yellow or White background : and Telegraph offices.
(ii) Blue letters on white background for For smaller stations, black lettering on
passenger amenities such as white background may be used for all kinds
refreshment rooms, waiting rooms, of sign boards which may be painted on one
retiring rooms and platform
lavatories etc.
122
PASSENGER AMENITIES, STATIONS AND YARDS
side only and fixed to the wall. Consultants to evolve suitable plans. Apart
from providing for the passenger amenities
b) Platform number signs - These may detailed here in above the station layouts
be on enamel plates to the following should be given special importance as detailed
specifications :- in paras 429 & 430.
At major stations and places of tourist c) The existing facilities at the stations
interest important pictograms, indicating the should be relocated to make these facilities
locations of various passenger amenities, as user friendly. As far as possible maintenance
approved by Railway Board should be free material should be used at stations to
displayed at suitable vantage locations in the avoid frequent maintenance.
station premises.
d) For all stations, the centre of the station
428 Design of Station Complexes - building acts as the reference point for the yard
plans, inter-station distances, chargeable
The layouts for the construction of the distances, etc. The reference point shall be
stations including the circulating areas, station prominently marked with an engraved vertical
buildings, goods shed etc., should be so arrow on the external walls of the station
planned as to be functionally efficient. For building with the caption "CENTRE LINE OF
important stations the Engineering Department STATION" engraved below it. The location
may engage the services of Architectural represents a fixed reference point and shall
123
PASSENGER AMENITIES, STATIONS AND YARDS
not be altered if the station building is network of the city, town or village can also
subsequently extended, altered or rebuilt. The be maintained by the Engineering Department
fixed reference point shall be maintained if the Road Authorities agree to the
properly and in the event of removal of the arrangement with the maintenance being
part of the structure on which it is fixed, the undertaken as a Deposit work.
reference point shall be re-engraved at the
same location on any other permanent c) The circulating area adjoining the
structural element available. station building and goods shed should be
properly designed to ensure rapid dispersal
e) A permanent Bench Mark (B.M.) linked of the passengers and road vehicles and
with the Survey of India B.M.System should avoiding conflict between pedestrian and
also be provided in the prescribed manner on vehicular traffic. The circulating area should
a suitable part of the station building at a provide adequate parking space, nominated
location least likely to be disturbed. A list of space for embarking and disembarking for
B.M.s should be maintained in the offices of vehicular traffic, and loading and unloading of
IOW, AEN, & DEN with complete description goods. The circulating area should facilitate
of their location, level etc. a smooth unhampered flow of the road traffic
in the vicinity of the station building and goods
430 Approach Roads and Circulating Area shed.
a) The location of new stations and their d) While formulating the plans for new
facilities covering Booking offices, Goods circulating area or modifying the existing
sheds, etc. should be so chosen as to be circulating areas, the Engineering Department
convenient to the city, town or village served may consult the appropriate local authorities
by the station. The station and goods shed to ensure that the Railway's planning matches
approach should have an easy and with the local authorities' planning for the road
unobstructed connection with the main road traffic management near the station area.
system serving the station.
e) Whenever circulating areas are
b) The approach roads for all the station redesigned, altered or wherever stations are
facilities within the Railway land should be congested, possibility of providing FOB
maintained by the Engineering Department. landings directly into circulating areas should
The portion of the approach road beyond the be examined as it decongests main platforms.
Railway Boundary linking the main road
f) No statues and plaques should be
provided in the station premises.
HHHHHHH
124
PASSENGER AMENITIES, STATIONS AND YARDS
ANNEXURE 4.1
Para 402(b)
Category 'A': Non-suburban stations with an annual passenger earnings of Rs.6 crores and
above.
Category 'B' : I. Non-suburban stations with an annual passenger earnings between Rs.3
crores to Rs.6 Crores.
Category 'D': Non-suburban station with passenger earnings between 1 and 3 Crores.
Note: Earnings of the year 1995-96 can be taken as the base till next review in the year 2001.
125
PASSENGER AMENITIES, STATIONS AND YARDS
ANNEXURE-4.2
Para 403
MINIMUM ESSENTIAL AMENITIES AT EACH CATEGORY OF STATIONS.
# (i) Regular/flag stations should be electrified if electricity is available within one Km.
(ii) If electricity is not available within one Km. and trains stop at night, electricity through solar
power be considered.
* Where trains stop at night. @ To be provided at electrified stations.
126
PASSENGER AMENITIES, STATIONS AND YARDS
ANNEXURE 4.3
Para 403
URINALS 10 6 4 4 1 -
LATERINES 10 6 2 4 1 -
P.F. SHELTERS 400 200 sqm 200 sqm 50 sqm Shady Shady trees
sqm on on each on each on each trees on on each PF
each PF PF PF PF each PF
SEATING 100 on 75 on 20 on 50 on 10 on -
ARRANGEMENTS each P.F. each P.F. each P.F. each P.F. each P.F.
(No. of seats)
Note: Scale of all the amenities prescribed above are the bare minimum to be provided at the
appropriate class of stations. Amenities over and above the prescribed minimum scales will
continue to be provided as per stipulated norms, details in Annexure 4.4.
127
PASSENGER AMENITIES, STATIONS AND YARDS
ANNEXURE 4.4
Para 404
RECOMMENDED AMENITITES
128
PASSENGER AMENITIES, STATIONS AND YARDS
ANNEXURE 4.5
Para 405
DESIRABLE AMENITIES
NTES Yes -- -- -- -- --
I.V.R.S. Yes Yes -- -- -- --
Public address system Yes Yes Yes -- -- --
Water vending machines Yes Yes -- -- -- --
/ Chilling plants
Water coolers Yes Yes Yes Yes -- --
Bathing facilities Yes Yes -- Yes -- --
Book stalls/other stalls of Yes Yes Yes -- -- --
essential goods
Refreshment room Yes Yes -- -- -- --
Catering/ Vending stalls Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes --
Parking/Circulatory area Yes Yes Yes Yes -- --
Washable apron* Yes Yes -- -- -- --
Train indicator Board Yes Yes Yes -- -- --
Public phones Yes Yes Yes -- -- --
* Washable Aprons may be provided in a planned manner to cover only stations from where
trains terminate/originate or stop for longer duration in the morning hours.
129
ANNEXURE4.6
Para 408
PASSENGER AMENITIES DETAILS
Station Name Secunderabad Jn. Category A Adv.Res.Windows 35 (Nos.) No.of passengers dealt
with:
Station Code SC Section VIKARABAD- Curr.Booking Win. 27 (nos.) (a) Per Day 5000
KZT
Railway SC Km. 194.36 Enquiry Offices 1 (nos.) (b) Max.at any time: 8000
Division Secunderabad Route B Public Address Sys. Yes Pass.Earnings/Year(Rs.): 60,000,000
State Andhra Pradesh Electrified Yes Clock No Length of longest 539
stoppingtrain(m)
District Hyderabad FOB 3 Wheel Chairs 0
Subway 0 Other Items
PF Is Length Brea Height Surface Shelter Trees Taps Hand Water Water Wash Carr. Seats Lav. Urinals Fans V. CC Gauge
No. land (m) -dth (cm) Sq.m. Nos. Nos Pump Huts/ Coolers -able Wate Nos. Nos. Nos. Nos Stall TV
Y/N (m) s Trollies Nos. Apron -ring Nos. Nos.
Nos. Nos. (m) (m)
1 N 516 0 83 Pucca 5372 0 27 0 0 9 0 0 209 4 0 0 0 1 BG
130
2&3 N 498 0 83 Pucca 2928 0 14 0 0 3 0 0 156 0 0 0 0 1 BG
4&5 Y 490/490 0 84 Pucca 5496 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 60 0 0 0 0 1 BG
6&7 Y 639/639 0 84 Pucca 3294 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 1 BG
WAITING HALL WAITING ROOM UC Waiting Room Area (sqm): 0 Bathing Cubicals: 6 Open Wells (Nos.): 0
(a) Area: 637.89 Gents Ladies Refreshment Room (sqm) 340 Circulating Area (Sqm) 0 Bore Wells (Nos.) 0
(b) Seats: 638 Area(sqm) 257 0 Retiring Room(Nos.) 20 Circulating Area (Type) OH Tank Cap. in litres 0
(c) Lav.(Nos.) 4 Lav.(Nos.) 4 0 Beds in Retiring Room (Nos.) 20 Approach Road (Type)
(d) Urinals 4 Urinals(Nos.) 0 0 Beds in Dormitory (Nos.) 0 Remarks for water:
Tourist facility No Drinking water taps available on
Cloak Room: No all platforms
PASSENGER AMENITIES, STATIONS AND YARDS
131
WATER SUPPLY
* * Quantity of water required for train originating station shall be equal to the full capacity
of tanks for all the coaches. For trains scheduled for watering on other stations, only 75% filling
capacity may be considered.
505 Capacity of Source -
132
WATER SUPPLY
b) The yield of the test-well should be 508 Improving Yield in Open Wells
assessed by carrying out a recuperation test
after pumping the water to below the "normal b) In sandy soil - If the yield with a "drop"
water-table" and plotting the results in the form of 2 meters is insufficient, then a larger
of a diagram with draw down as abscissa diameter well is needed. Alternatively, a tube
and the inflow in litres per hour as the ordinate. well may be sunk in the open well to
supplement the yield. Any increase in the
507 Determination of Size: "drop" will increase the "critical velocity" and
"blowing" of the sandy soil and subsidence of
(a) From the yield diagram, the diameter staining may occur.
and depth of an open well should be arrived at
on considerations of the maximum daily c) In moorum and porous rock - If the
requirements, due allowance being made for yield is insufficient, it may be improved by
the future demands. deepening provided the lower strata is porous.
This can only be ascertained by making a
b) For the size of the open well, the bore.
following factors should be considered:-
Driving adits into sides of the well and
(i) The normal water table - This is providing a greater number of "weep-holes"
the level at which water stands in a would increase the yield.
well which has not been pumped for
24 hours. This varies throughout the In porous rock the inflow may be slightly
year; and increased by holding up surface flow of the
rainfall in the vicinity of the well. This may be
(ii) The critical velocity of flow - The effected by building a bund on the upstream
critical velocity of inflow is the side of the well.
maximum velocity of water passing
through subsoil without disturbing
the finer particles of the subsoil.
133
WATER SUPPLY
Hand pumps have been standardized As the water obtained from deep wells
by Bureau of Indian Standards and standard may contain certain dissolved impurities, the
hand pumps are available for installation. chemical analysis of water to determine its
Sufficient number of spare parts for repair of suitability for drinking is always necessary and
hand pumps should be kept with the Section samples should be sent to the Divisional
Engineer (Works) to attend to emergencies. Medical Officer for test.
134
WATER SUPPLY
gravel/sand shroud may be used. The total When the disks are further lowered down and
area of the openings in the screen should be if the well pipe is not truly vertical, the wire
such that the velocity of inflowing water is will deviate from the centre and that shall be
sufficiently low to avoid disturbance to the indicated at the top of pipe.
smaller particles of the water bearing stratum.
Absolute verticality is ideal but a
d) Testing yield of tube-wells.- A tube- deviation of 100mm per 30 metres of boring is
well should be tested for yield by experienced generally acceptable where submersible
staff of the tube well organization of the pumps are not to be installed.
Railway. IS:2800-1979 may be referred where
necessary. 513 Failure Of Wells And The
Remedial Measures -
512 Checking Verticality of Tube Wells-
The clogging of wells by sand or by
Tubewells must be perfectly vertical. A corrosion or encrustation of the screen may
simple method is to use plumb disk. Two disks reduce the yield substantially. The wells may
made out of 3mm thick steel plate are be readily cleaned of sand by means of a sand
connected together by a rod of 25mm diameter pump or bucket but if the strainers are
and 3 metre long tightened with the help of corroded, they must be pulled out, cleaned or
nuts at the ends. Some holes are punched in renewed or replaced.
plates to facilitate immersion in water. A knob
is fixed on the top nut to which a thin steel Method of surging, use of dry ice or
wire is attached .The disk is suspended into chemical treatment by using acids, chlorine,
the tube by the wire passing over a pulley on polyphosphates may be used for treatment
a tripod. against clogging. Following table gives types
of well clogging problems and recommended
When the disk is lowered into the treatment :
pipe,the wire is exactly in the centre of pipe .
WELL CLOGGING PROBLEMS AND ITS SUGGESTED TREATMENTS
____________________________________________________________________________________
Problem Treatment recommended
____________________________________________________________________________________
1. Clogging due to fine Sodium hexametaphosphate50gm/litres depending on the capacity of
sand, clay and silts well bore be left therein for 24 hours.The same should be followed by
surging, jetting with chemical mix or normal development till well is
freed from clogging
2. Chemical clogging Hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid with inhibitor are added to the well
3. Bacterial clogging Chlorine has been found to be effective in loosening this type of clogging
Calcium hypochloride should be used to form solution which is introduced
in well in a small polythene pipe. 200 gms. of hypochloride is required
at 70% concentration for 1000 litres of water
135
WATER SUPPLY
136
WATER SUPPLY
There can be large yield of water all the pumps and to maintain sufficient depth
from these wells. Quality of water varies with of water to avoid air entry during draw down.
quality of water in river, depth, and distance
of well from river bank. The suction pipe should be as short and
straight as possible. Any bends or elbows
521 Radial Collector Wells - should be of large radius. As a general rule
the sizes of the suction pipe should be of one
Radial collector well consists of a or two sizes greater than the nominal size of
cylindrical well of reinforced concrete the pump. Alternatively the suction pipe should
construction, 4-5 metre in diameter going into be such that the velocity is about 2m/s. Where
the water bearing medium to as great a depth bell mouth is used, the inlet of the bell mouth
of the substrata as possible. In the collector should be of such size that the velocity at the
wells the radial pipes which are slotted steel bell mouth is about 1.5 m/s. The suction
pipes normally 200mm to 300mm diameter are strainer should have net open area equal to
driven horizontally at about 7 meters below three times the area of the suction pipe at
the water table in the well. The length of the least.
steel pipes will be determined by the
requirement of water and yield of the aquifer 523 Water Supply from Outside
i.e. the water bearing medium in the subsoil. Sources -
The drain pipes are made of short lengths of
pipes 2.4 metres each which are welded to When water is obtained for railway
each other. The pipes are driven horizontally purposes from the Public Works Department,
by means of suitable pin jacks placed in the the Municipality or a private body, the
well. agreement should clearly specify:-
137
WATER SUPPLY
138
WATER SUPPLY
Space for control panels should be For small pumping systems, generally
planned as per the Indian Electricity Rules. of capacity less than 15 million litres per day,
two pumps (one duty and one standby of full
capacity) should be provided. Alternatively,
139
WATER SUPPLY
two duty and one standby, each of 50% to prevent contamination; they should be
capacity may be provided. Although this provided at the lowest point with a scour sluice
alternative would need larger space, it and with manholes not farther apart than 250
facilitates flexibility in regulating the water meters and at all bends and changes of
supply. Also in an emergency of two pumps gradient.
going out of order simultaneously, the third
helps to maintain at least partial supply. b) For pressure mains, galvanized
screwed pipes upto 80 mm diameter may be
In the case of medium and large used; for diameters over 80 mm, cast iron
pumping stations , at least two standbys spigot and socket or reinforced concrete or
should be provided. Electrical department is suitable asbestos pipes should be used as
responsible for installation and maintenance per relevant BIS specification.
of electrical machinery/equipments.
c) Cast iron pipes.- First and Second
528 Pump Horse Power - class cast iron pipes in stock when used
should be treated with a suitable solution in
The equation for pump horse power- order to reduce corrosion and encrustation.
140
WATER SUPPLY
141
WATER SUPPLY
(iii) Provide air valves at all summits a gravitational main when the
and scour valves at all sags. discharge into a tank or reservoir
is to be automatically controlled. A
(iv) Lay spigot and socket pipes with ball cock must only be used at the
sockets facing the direction from end of a pumping main if there is a
which the water will flow. safety or relief valve on the main.
(viii) Test the pipe line with water It should be ensured that the water
pressure in sections before the supplied is clear, potable, free from pathogenic
trench is filled in. organisms and odour. Water should be of
reasonable temperature and free from minerals
b) Pipe lines should be fitted, where which could produce undesirable physiological
necessary with:- effects.
(i) Air valves of proper size and The physical and chemical Standards
pressure rating at summits. as per Annexure 5.2 may be adhered for
drinking water supply.
(ii) Reflex (non-return) valves at the
foot of all ascending parts of a 532 Water Samples for Analysis -
main.
Whenever the quality of water from any
(iii) Scour valves at depressions on the source of supply or from taps is to be tested
main for clearing sediment and and samples are required to be collected by
emptying the pipes. the Engineering staff, the following procedure
should be followed:-
(iv) Sluices as necessary in order to
divide the main into convenient a) Sterilized glass-stoppered bottles
sections for repairs. available with the Divisional Medical Officer
should be obtained. Bottles separately
(v) A ball cock at the discharge end of available for bacteriological or chemical
142
WATER SUPPLY
examination have to be appropriately used. delay to reach the Divisional Medical Officer.
Satisfactory packing and expeditious dispatch
The paper cover of the stopper should are essential for a proper bacteriological
be removed just before taking the sample. The examination.
stopper should be removed just before filling
the bottle and replaced immediately after. The 533 Method of Treatment -
stopper should be held from the top while the
bottle is being filled. Contamination while filling The aim of water treatment is to produce
the bottle must be avoided. There should be and maintain water that is hygienically safe,
no external contact with the mouth of the bottle clean and potable in an economical manner.
or the part of the stopper that goes into it. Treatment should ensure the desired quality
The bottle should be filled to about 25mm at the end points of consumption.
below its neck.
The method of treatment to be employed
b) When samples of water are taken from depends on the nature of raw water and the
a tap, the mouth of the tap should be heated desired standards of water quality. The unit
by a spirit lamp for 3 minutes. Water should operations in water treatment constitute
then be allowed to flow for 5 minutes before aeration, flocculation (rapid and slow) and
the sampling bottle is filled. clarification, filtration, disinfection, softening,
deferrization,defluoridation and water
c) If the sample is to be obtained from a conditioning. Different combinations are
tank or a reservoir or a river, the unopened possible to achieve the required quality of
bottle is to be held in water about 300 mm water. The choice of any particular sequence
below the surface and away from the edge of treatment will depend not only on the quality
without disturbing the bed. The stopper should of the raw water available but also on the
then be removed, the bottle withdrawn when comparative economics of alternative
full, a few drops of water poured out and the treatment steps to get desired quality.
stopper replaced and tied down.
In the case of ground water storage
d) Well water should be collected by which are well protected, where the water has
lowering the bottle (tied with a piece of weight) turbidity below 10 NTU and water is free from
into the well by a string attached to the neck; odour and colour, plain disinfection by
the stopper should be removed by another chlorination is adopted before supply.
string tied to it and the bottle filled in with water,
not from the surface but from a point a metre Where ground water contains excessive
or two above the bottom of the well. If collected iron, dissolved carbon dioxide and odorous
from a tube-well with a pump, the water should gases, aeration followed by flocculation and
be allowed to flow for about 20 minutes. sedimentation, rapid gravity or pressure
filtration and disinfection may be necessary.
e) Bottles containing samples of water
should be properly labeled, packed around Conventional treatment including pre-
with ice and saw-dust and sent without any chlorination, aeration, flocculation and
143
WATER SUPPLY
144
WATER SUPPLY
(i) One-third the maximum water 538 Float Gauges and Scouring
consumption in 24 hours. Sluices-
(ii) One-half the normal consumption in Every high level storage tank should be
24 hours. provided on the outside with a float gauge with
a scale marked in metres divided into 5 parts
Local conditions should however be to indicate the water level in the tank.
considered when deciding on the storage
capacity. Each tank may be partitioned to Every storage tank whether at high level
facilitate cleaning or repairs. or at ground level should be provided with a
sluice at its sill level to facilitate the cleaning
537 Maintenance and Cleaning of of the tank.
Storage Tanks
539 Protection Against Pollution -
a) For the inspection, maintenance and High service storage tanks, for drinking water
painting of steel-work, action should be taken in particular, should be covered and provided
as detailed in the Indian Railways Bridge with gauze wire to obviate pollution by birds
Manual. and growth of algae.
145
WATER SUPPLY
The tapping of a rising main for purposes The number and size of service pipes
of distribution shall be strictly prohibited. that can be supplied from a properly designed
Where, for engineering construction purposes, distribution-main may be assumed as shown
such a course may be justified as a temporary below; exceptional cases will depend, however,
expedient, e.g. in order to save long lengths on actual conditions:-
of service pipe-lines, a control valve must be
fitted on the connection.
146
WATER SUPPLY
To avoid dead ends, the main shall be arranged in a grid formation or in a network.
147
WATER SUPPLY
both sides measured normal to the sewer or d) The maintenance and periodical
drain it crosses. cleaning of all storage tanks.
148
WATER SUPPLY
b) All water coolers provided in offices The Assistant Engineer shall ensure that
and stations shall be cleaned once a month to water supply plan is corrected as and when
prevent contamination. Water coolers shall there is any addition or modification in pipeline.
be disinfected properly before putting into use. Wherever the laying/modification to the
existing pipe line is done through contractual
552 Inspections by Assistant Engineer agency, a certificate in the measurement book
and Staff shall be recorded while entering the final
measurements to the effect that necessary
a) The Assistant Engineer and Section changes in the plans have been incorporated.
Engineer (Works) should frequently inspect In case of Construction Organization
all water supply installations and pipelines and implementing any water supply scheme or
ensure their maintenance in efficient condition. augmenting the existing scheme, a copy of
The Section Engineer (Works) should be the water supply plan shall be handed over to
equipped with an adequate imprest of Open Line as and when the scheme is
materials such as pipes and specials and completed.
water taps of requisite sizes and the
necessary tools to facilitate immediate 554 Water Purification Works
attention on repairs as and when required.
149
WATER SUPPLY
HHHHHHH
150
WATER SUPPLY
ANNEXURE 5.1
Para 502
CHECK LIST FOR WATER SUPPLY SCHEME
B. SOURCE OF WATER
DIVISION :
1. Whether quantity/ yield available is
sufficient to meet the requirement ?
SCHEME APPROVAL DETAILS :
2. Have the tests for quality of water been
done ?
_____________________________________
3. Are the test results satisfactory ? (For
YES/NO Stds. of quality of water refer Annexure
_____________________________________ 5.2)
6. Has the financial viability been 9. Is the controlling device of intake located
considered for providing one distribution at a place which is accessible even during
system with filtered water vis-a-vis floods ?
separate distribution systems for treated
and untreated water ?
151
WATER SUPPLY
11. Is door of the pump house wide enough
10. Is there provision for pitching on the down
to enable pumps to be taken out for repair
stream and upstream portions of canal
or replacement?
near intake ?
12. Has the provision been made for fire
C. PUMPING AND STORAGE OF RAW
fighting equipment appropriate to hazard
WATER
likely in the pump house and storage
space of diesel?
1. Has the selection of size and pipe
material for raw water mains been done ?
D. ARRANGEMENTS FOR PURIFICATION
AND TREATMENT
2. Is direct pumping from the source
feasible ?
1. Has the line of treatment been decided ?
3. Is there any need for storage of raw
2. Does the layout of the entire scheme
water ?
fulfill the requirement of the line of
treatment ?
4. If so, is the storage capacity adequate ?
3. Is aeration unit exposed to the prevailing
5. Has the requirement of the pumps and
direction of wind ?
their capacity been calculated based on
1.5 times the average daily demand ?
4. Is sedimentation unit designed with
coagulation ?
6. Has the standby arrangement been made
for auxiliary power unit (generally diesel
If yes, has the feasibility for supply of
type) and stand-by pumps ?
coagulant and cost been considered
while deciding to go in for coagulation
7. Is there provision for proper structure
vis-a-vis only plain sedimentation with
required for housing the Pumps and Pump
increased capacity of sedimentation
Operator ?
unit ?
8. Has the provision been made for
5. Is there feasibility of regular supply of
adequate extra space for additional pump
sand required for replenishing the sand
if required ?
of filter ?
9. Is there separate adequate space for
6. Has the requirement of chlorination been
storage of diesel and other spares ?
assessed based on the quality of water
and longest length of supply pipeline in
10. Has the arrangement been provided for
the distribution system ?
lifting of pumps or stair case in case the
pumps are provided at lower level than
7. Is water softening required to remove the
the prevailing ground level ?
permanent hardness, if any ?
9. Has the method of chlorination been 6. Are distribution mains designed for the
finalised keeping in view the availability maximum hourly demand on the day of
of equipment and constant supply of maximum consumption ? (2.5 times the
chlorinating material ? average demand )]
10. Is there any other impurity to be 7. Has the layout for the pipeline for
removed ? distribution system been finalised ?
11. Has the provision of small laboratory 8. Does the layout of pipeline take into
including equipment for testing of water account future expansion plans for the
required at filtration plant been made ? colony ?
E. STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION OF 9. Have the dead ends been avoided in the
TREATED WATER layout of the pipe line ?
1. Has the location of pump house been If unavoidable, is there provision for
finalised taking into account the hydrants to act as washouts ?
availability of power and requirement of
the operator ? 10. Has the pipeline layout been provided
with the provision for controlling water
2. Is it feasible to utilise the same staff for supply timings for different areas if
filtration unit and for operating the pumps required, by operating minimum
in pump house ? number of valves ?
3. Has the capacity and number of pumps 11. Is there any requirement of air valves ?
required been calculated based on If yes, have they been located at points
quantity of water, pumping hours, total which are close to or above the hydraulic
head and various losses? gradients ?
4. Is there provision for auxiliary power 12. In case of buried pipe line, has it been
supply and stand by pumps ? proposed min. 2m above the sewer line ?
5. Has the location of the storage tank been 13. Has the testing of leakage been
contemplated?
153
WATER SUPPLY
ANNEXURE 5.2
Para 531
STANDARDS OF QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER
*When protection against viral infection is required, it should be min. 0.5 mg/l.
154
DRAINAGE & SEWERAGE
CHAPTER VI
155
DRAINAGE & SEWERAGE
(vi) Soil Waste : The discharge from e) availability of piped water supply
water closets, urinals, in the area, present and anticipated
sinks, cattle sheds, per capita water supply
gullies etc.
f) the nature of sewage, total sewage
(vii) Sewage : It includes all kinds of flow - present and prospective
liquid wastes of a
community or industry. It g) discussion of different possible
is classified as follows: - disposal points and their
(a) Storm sewage, comparative merits
(b) Sanitary sewage,
(c) Industrial waste. h) review of different possible methods
of treatment
156
DRAINAGE & SEWERAGE
and any special problems relating standard tables are available which
thereto may be referred.
Sanitary sewer system and storm water The alignment of the sewer is determined
drainage system should be designed from a survey plan which should be prepared
separately. to a scale of 100 metres to a cm. The proposed
sewer-lines are shown on a plan alongwith the
The size of sanitary sewer depends on ground levels and soil conditions, necessary
quantity of sanitary sewage, variation in peak for establishing grades and estimating the cost
and average flows, limiting velocities of flow, of the work. In the profiles, the invert and
topography of the area, construction material crown gradient lines should be shown.
etc.
608 Velocity of Flow - The limiting
The size of storm water sewer depends velocities for existing conditions should be
on storm water run-off, Self Cleansing Velocity, determined and gradients decided accordingly.
construction material etc. Normally, a minimum velocity of 1 metre per
second and a maximum of 2 metres per
Sanitary sewers are not expected to second, are allowed. On steep slopes, one or
receive storm water. It should be ensured more drop manholes may be provided.
that proper design and construction of sewers
and manholes are provided. a) Self Cleansing Velocity - It is
necessary to maintain a minimum
606 Quantity of Sewage - velocity or self-cleansing velocity
in a sewer to ensure that suspended
The factors which influence the quantity solids do not deposit and cause
of sewage are population and per capita blockage. Self cleansing velocity
sewage. Population estimates should cater is determined by considering the
for future requirements. particle size and specific weight of
the suspended solids in sewage. A
a) Generally 80% of the water minimum velocity of 0.8 mps at
supplied may be considered to design peak flow in the sanitary
reach the sewers. sewers is recommended subject to
a minimum velocity of 0.6 mps for
b) The lean and peak flows of sewage present peak flow.
will be about 50 and 150 percent of
the average respectively. The sewer b) Velocity at Minimum Flow - To avoid
should be designed for the maximum steeper gradients which will require
flow rate, after allowing for seasonal deeper excavations, it is the
fluctuations. For design purposes
157
DRAINAGE & SEWERAGE
practice to design sewers for the mm except for hilly areas where steep slopes
self cleansing velocity at ultimate are available. In those areas minimum size
peak flows. This is done on the may be 100 mm.
assumption that although silting
might occur at minimum flow, the 611 Storm Water
silt would be flushed out during the
peak flows. However, the problem Quantity of storm run-off is dependent
of silting may have to be faced in on intensity and duration of rainfall,
the early years, particularly for characteristics of catchment area and time
smaller sewers which are designed required for such flow to reach the sewer.
to flow half- full, as the actual depth
of flow then is only a fraction of the Storm water flow for this purpose may
full depth. Transport of suspended be determined by using rational methods,
solids should be achieved in such hydrograph methods or empirical formulae.
a manner that deposition and odour
nuisance therefrom are kept to a 612 Manholes - A manhole is an opening
minimum. Sewers are normally constructed on the alignment of a sewer to
designed for flows with free water facilitate a person to access the sewer for
surface and self-cleansing the purpose of inspection, testing, cleaning
velocities. Pressure sewers, and removal of obstructions from the sewer
including siphons, should be line.
avoided as far as practicable.
According to IS:4111 - spacing of
c) Maximum Velocity - Erosion of manholes is designed with reference to sewer
sewers is caused by sand and other diameter as given below:
gritty material in the sewer at
excessive velocity. Velocity of flow Sewer dia in mm Upto 300 301 to 500 501-900
in a sewer is recommended not to Spacing in metres 45 75 90
exceed 2.0 mps.
When silt and grit loads are heavy,
609 Ventilation in Sullage - catchpits may be provided at suitable intervals
depending on local conditions and as approved
From consideration of ventilation in by the Divisional Engineer.
wastewater flow, sewer should not be designed
to run full. Sewers upto 400 mm dia may be 613 Choice of Material for Sewers
designed to run at half depth, 400-900 mm
diameter at two third depths and larger sewers a) Salt glazed stoneware pipes - For all
at three fourth depth at ultimate peak flows. sewers and drains in all soils except where
supports are required, glazed stoneware pipes
610 Size of Sewer - shall be used. They are particularly suitable
where acid effluents or acid sub-soil conditions
Minimum diameter of sewer shall be 200 are likely to be encountered.
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DRAINAGE & SEWERAGE
b) Cement Concrete Pipes - These can Authority, the width at bottom of trenches
be used as an alternative to glazed stoneware for pipes of different diameters laid at
pipes of over 150 mm diameter. These shall different depths shall be as given below:
not be used to carry acid effluents or sewage
under conditions favourable for the production 1) For all diameters, upto an average
of hydrogen sulphide and shall not be laid in depth of 120 cm, width of trench in
those sub-soils which may affect the strength cm = diameter of pipe+30 cm
of concrete.
2) For all diameters for depths above
c) Cast Iron Pipes - These shall be used 120 cm, width of trench in cm =
in unstable or made-up grounds or where diameter of pipe+40 cm.
sewer is laid at insufficient depth. These are
particularly useful where pipes are suspended 3) Not withstanding (1) and (2), the
in basements or similar situations or for total width of trench at top should
crossings of water courses. These pipes are not be less than 75 cm for depth
suitable where the velocity is more than 2.4 exceeding 90 cm.
m/s.
iii) All pipes, ducts, cables, mains or other
d) Asbestos Cement Pipes - These pipes services exposed in the trench shall be
are commonly used for house drainage effectively supported by timber and/or
systems and are not recommended for chain or rope-slings.
underground situations. They are not suitable
to carry acid effluents or sewage under iv) All drainage sumps shall be sunk clear
conditions favourable for the production of of the work outside the trench or at the
hydrogen sulphide. sides of manholes. After the completion
of the work, any pipes or drains leading
e) PVC Pipes - Unplasticised PVC pipes to such sumps or temporary sub-soil
may be used for drainage purpose. drains under permanent work shall be
filled in properly with sand and
614 Laying of Sewer Pipes consolidated.
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DRAINAGE & SEWERAGE
drains laid below the ground shall be water rammed on both sides of the pipe with a
tight. Jointing shall be done in accordance wooden hammer. On no account shall
with specification prescribed for particular type material be tipped into the trench until
of pipes. the first 15-cm of fil-ling has been
completed. The process of filling and
d) Connection to Existing Sewers - tamping shall proceed evenly so as to
maintain an equal pressure on both sides
(i) The connection to an existing sewer of the pipeline.
shall, as far as possible, be done at the
manholes. The work of connection with (v) Filling shall be continued in layers not
the existing sewerage system shall be exceeding 15cm in thickness, each layer
carried out by the Authority owning the being watered and well rammed.
system or under its supervision.
(vi) In roads, surface materials previously
ii) Connection with the sewer shall be excavated shall be replaced as the top
affected by the cautious enlargement of layer of the filling, consolidated and
a small hole and every precaution shall maintained satisfactorily till the
be taken to prevent any material from permanent reinstatement of the surface
entering the sewer. No connection shall is made.
be formed in such a way as to constitute
a projection into the sewer or to cause (vii) In gardens, the top soil and turf, if any,
any diminution in its effective size. shall be carefully replaced.
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DRAINAGE & SEWERAGE
system exists. A comparative estimate of is not permitted, as the effluent from the septic
cost should be prepared for the connection tank is hazardous from the point of view of
with the municipal sewerage system vis-a-vis health and pollution. Since, it is usually not
an independent sewage disposal plant. possible to provide soak pit/filter bed in built
up urban areas, septic tank system would not
Where water-borne sewerage is not be appropriate in such areas.
possible, septic tank system of disposal of
sewage is normally adopted. The capacity of the septic tank should
be such as to take care of the variations in
616 Septic Tanks - the flow. A detention period of 24 to 48 hrs.
for tanks serving less than 50 persons and a
Modern septic tank system is an on a period of 10 to 18 hrs. for tanks serving more
site disposal method, which uses standard than 50 persons are generally adopted.
flushing. The septic tank acts as
sedimentation-cum-digestion tank. Anaerobic The size and shape of the septic tank
digestion of the settled sludge occurs in its shall be generally in agreement with the
bottom zone and the supernatant liquid has minimum dimensions given in the table
to undergo treatment in a soak pit/filter bed. below:-
Use of septic tank without follow-up treatment
161
DRAINAGE & SEWERAGE
Table 6.1
_________________________________________________________________________________
No. of Users Length Width Liquid Depth
_________________________________________________________________________________
metres metres metres
_________________________________________________________________________________
Domestic tanks
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DRAINAGE & SEWERAGE
The latrine will usually consist of an under 6. The flow from the toilet to digesters is to
ground masonry tank on top of which are fixed be by gravity.
the latrine pans. The outlet of the pans are
dipped 7.5 to 10 cm below the flow line in the 7. When combined digesters are used, the
tank. The pans may be fixed with or without sewage will first get collected in a
traps to the outlet pipe. The excreta will get chamber attached to each water closet
digested in the masonry tank below and will and then flow to a combined digester. The
be cleared at intervals through manhole left slope of the pipe lines from the collection
for this purpose. The effluent may be then chamber to the digester should not be
absorbed by sub-surface irrigation process or flatter than 1 in 20 so as to allow for easy
by other alternative means. flow.
1. No water tap should be provided in the 10. The sludge settled at the bottom of the
water closet to prevent flooding of digestion tank may be cleared once in
digesters, which will prevent efficient two years.
anaerobic action.
11. Satisfactory working of the anaerobic
2. Excessive water should not be used in digesters in the tank, is indicated
the water closet.
i) if the effluent is odourless
3. The pan in the bio-latrines should have a ii) if the effluent does not attract flies
slope not less than 40 degrees with and mosquitoes; and
horizontal.
iii) if the pH value of the effluent is not
4. No foreign matter e.g. garbage, soap less than 7.0.
water etc. should be thrown into the water
closet pan. 12. Outlet drains should have proper slope
and rounded corner.
5. The digesters should be linked directly
to the toilet with least possible inter 13. Adequate ventilation should be provided
in bio-latrines.
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DRAINAGE & SEWERAGE
14. In case of public or community type of maximum extent possible and that it is not
toilets, users are likely to throw rags, polluted and the waste disposal systems
stones etc. into the toilets. In such cases should be designed with these ends in view.
an inspection chamber with 25-50mm This applies to both ground water and surface
spaced grating should be provided just water. In case of non-residential toilets at
before the entry of water into the digesters stations etc., and community toilets provided
to arrest any such material. with 'standard flushing' arrangements, instead
of flushing cisterns of 13.5 litres capacity, the
15. A minimum retention of 30 days is use of 'coach' handles should be preferred so
required for anaerobic digestion, while that only the required amount of water is used.
a septic tank provides retention only for In case of urinals, instead of automatic flushing
2-7 days and hence the effluent from the cisterns, dripping ferrules may be used to
septic tank must have its main treatment conserve water.
in a soakpit/filter while effluent from a
digester can be discharged directly in a 620 Recommended Toilet Systems
drain system.
Based on the above rationale, directions
619 Conservation of Water - for selecting appropriate toilets system are
summarised below:-
There is a general shortage of water (i) Where an underground sewerage
supply in India and in some parts even the system can be connected, use a 'flush'
drinking water is scarce. Therefore, it has to type toilet as under:-
be seen that water is conserved to the
_________________________________________________________________________________
Residential With no water Cistern flushing, (use good qualitycisterns, preferably
Toilets shortage the newer Models using less than 3 gallons Water).
On roadside stations-do-
In sparsely inhabitedstations Bio-latrines or septic tank system (coach handle type
flushing should be used)
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DRAINAGE & SEWERAGE
- all septic tanks, if not provided with (c) Sewer line gangs, if under the
prescribed soakpit/filterbed, must be Engineering Department, should attend to the
provided with these or if possible, cleaning and flushing of all sewers at least
converted into digesters by minimising twice every month. Manholes should be left
the flushing so that the same tank can open for few hours for gases to escape, before
provide clear minimum 30 days any man enters into it.
retention (in addition to the space for
digestion at the bottom). 623 Open Sullage Drains
165
DRAINAGE & SEWERAGE
625 Disposal Works
sulphide is detected using lead acetate
paper and that of oxygen by safety
All sullage disposal works should be
lamps)
examined once a quarter and their sanitary
condition ensured. When an appreciable
e) If the atmosphere is normal, workmen
extent of silting has taken place, septic tanks
may enter with a safety belt attached and
should be cleaned in co-ordination with the
with two men available at the top. For
Medical Department whose responsibility lies
extended jobs, the gas tests shall be
in either doing it on contract or departmentally.
repeated at frequent intervals depending
on circumstances
626 House Connections
Surface drains should be examined
f) If oxygen deficiency or noxious gas is
frequently and there should be no stagnation
found, the structure shall be ventilated
of sullage near the premises. Gully traps with
with pure air by keeping open at least
gratings should be examined wherever
one manhole cover each on upstream
installed and prompt action taken for renewal
and downstream side for quick exit of
and replacements necessary.
toxic gases or by artificial means. The
gas tests shall be repeated and the
627 Conservancy and Sanitary
atmosphere cleared before entering.
Arrangements
Adequate ventilation shall be maintained
during the work and the test repeated
Conservancy arrangements will be in the
frequently
charge of either the Medical, or Operating or
Engineering Department. Any irregularity
g) If the gas or oxygen deficiency is present
noticed in their working should be promptly
and it is not practicable to ventilate
reported to the officials concerned.
adequately before workers enter a
manhole, mask shall be worn and
628 Maintenance of Sewerage System
extreme care shall be taken to avoid all
While assisting sewer maintenance
sources of ignition. Workers should be
crews entering a deep manhole or sewer
taught how to use the oxygen hose
where dangerous gas or oxygen deficiencies
equipment. In these cases, they shall
may be present, the following precautions
always use permissible safety lights (not
should be taken:
ordinary flashlights), rubber boots or non-
sparking shoes and non-sparking tools
a) allow no smoking or open flames and
guard against sparks
h) Workmen descending a manhole shaft
to inspect or clean sewers, shall try each
b) erect warning signs
ladder step or rung carefully before
putting the full weight on it to guard
c) use only safe gas-proof electric lighting
against insecure fastening due to
equipment
corrosion of the rung at the manhole wall.
When work is going on in deep sewers,
d) test for noxious gases and oxygen
deficiencies (presence of hydrogen
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DRAINAGE & SEWERAGE
at least two men shall be available for
obstruction found shall be removed with
lifting workers from the manhole in the
suitable drain cleaning tools and the
event of serious injury
system thereafter shall be flushed with
clean water.
i) Portable air blowers, for ventilating sewer
manhole are recommended for all tank,
d) The covers of access plates to all gullies,
pit or manhole work where there is a
shall be removed and the traps plunged
question of the presence of noxious
and flushed out thoroughly with clean
gases, vapours or oxygen deficiency.
water. Care shall be taken not to flush
The motors for these shall be of weather
the gully deposit into the system.
proof and flame-proof types;
compression ignition-diesel type (without
e) Any defects revealed, as a result of
sparking plug). When used, these shall
inspection or tests shall be made good.
be placed not less than 2m away from
the opening and on the leeward side
f) The covers or inspection chambers and
protected from wind, so that they will not
gullies shall be replaced, bedding them
serve as a source of ignition for any
in suitable grease or other materials; and
inflammable gas which might be present.
Provision should be made for ventilation
g) Painting of ladders/rings in deep
and it should be of the forced type which
manholes and external painting of
can be provided by a blower located at
manhole covers shall be done with
ground level with suitable flexible ducting
approved paints.
to displace out air from the manhole
630 Covered Stormwater Drains - All
629 Periodical Cleaning of Drainage
stormwater drains shall be periodically rodded
System - The following operations shall be
by means of drain rods and a suitable rubber
carried out during periodical cleaning of a
or leather plunger. After rodding, they shall
drainage system:-
be thoroughly flushed with clean water. Any
obstruction found shall be removed with
a) The covers of inspection chambers and
suitable drain cleaning tools.
manholes shall be removed and the side
benchings and channels scrubbed
631 Subsoil Drains - All subsoil drains
shall be periodically examined for obstruction
b) The interceptive trap, if fitted, shall be
at the open joints due to the roots of plants or
adequately cleaned and flushed with clean
other growth.
water. Care shall be taken to see that
the stopper in the rodding arm is securely
632 Responsibilities of the Assistant
replaced.
Engineer and Staff - The Assistant Engineer
and the Section Engineer (Works) should
c) All lengths of main and branch drains
inspect all drainage systems in their charge
shall be rodded by means of drain rods
and ensure their maintenance in an efficient
and a suitable rubber or leather plunger.
condition. Complaints from residents should
After rodding, the drains shall be
be promptly attended to.
thoroughly flushed with clean water. Any
167
GARDENS & PLANTATIONS, DISPOSAL OF GRASS AND OTHER NATURAL PRODUCTS
168
GARDENS & PLANTATIONS, DISPOSAL OF GRASS AND OTHER NATURAL PRODUCTS
is no risk of molestation by goats or cattle. rest house compounds and upkeep of gardens.
Shrubs and seedlings should be obtained when
c) Tree-guards may be made required from the divisional/district nursery.
economically from thorns or bricks; old
bitumen drums with holes punched in them B.GARDENS IN OFFICERS'
could be used with advantage where the hot BUNGALOWSAND SENIOR
weather is not too intense, otherwise they SUPERVISORS' QUARTERS
retain heat and shrivel up the young plants.
706 Maintenance
705 Maintenance of Gardens in Offices,
Rest Houses and Colonies Railway premises occupied by Officers
and Senior Supervisors should be kept in a
(a) The responsibility of maintaining neat and tidy condition. Gardens within
hedges, lawns and shrubberies attached to compounds should be maintained to a
offices, rest houses and playgrounds and in satisfactory standard.
colonies in a satisfactory condition devolves
on the garden staff attached to the division/ 707 Incidence of Service
district. Where such gardens are small, the
watchman should maintain them in a Where hedges and lawns in bungalows
satisfactory state. are maintained by the railway, the incidence
of service should generally be as follows, with
b) The Section Engineer (Works) should variations as necessitated by climatic
pay requisite attention to the cleanliness of conditions being allowed for:-
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
(i) Hedges:
Hedge cutting .. Once in 2 months
Watering .. Once a week till the hedges are fully
grown and then once in 2 months
(ii) Lawns:
Mowing .. Once a month
Watering .. Once a fortnight and once a week in summer
Weeding .. Once a month
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
708 Provision of Lawns and Hedges In New
Bungalows
The auction of grass, dead or dying trees, 711 Auction or Tender Notices And
rights for the collection of produce of fruit trees, Agreement
tapping of date-trees for toddy (subject to
Local Government's permission) and fishing Auction/tender notices in Hindi, English
in railway tanks, shall be conducted by the and regional language should be pasted at
Assistant Engineer about one month before least a fortnight in advance, at stations and at
the commencement of the season. The places where they can be seen by prospective
products of fruit-bearing trees in the compound purchasers/bidders.
of residential quarters can be enjoyed by the
residents, but the products cannot be sold. Auction notices should show (i) the date,
time and place of auction, (ii) full particulars
(b) To State Forest Corporations etc. of the products or rights to be sold, (iii) that
the successful bidder shall deposit the full
The matured trees can also be sold to amount of sale and sign an agreement
State Government agencies like Forest immediately after the bidding is closed and
Development Corporations on the approved (iv) reserve prices of lots to be auctioned.
rates.
Sealed tenders on prescribed forms for
(c) Division of lots sale of natural products may, alternatively, be
invited by the Divisional Engineer and
Schedules of lots in convenient lengths agreements entered into.
for each kind of natural product to be sold,
should be prepared by Section Engineer 712 Recording & Finalisation of Bids
(Works/P.Way) and submitted to the Divisional
Engineer through AEN. All bids made at the auction should be
recorded. The highest bid should be accepted
710 Fixing of Reserve Price of Lots if it is not less than the reserve price fixed by
the Divisional Engineer, unless there are
Reserve price for each lot to be sold by definite reasons for not doing so. In such a
auction should be fixed by the Divisional case these reasons should be recorded in the
Engineer in consultation with the Accounts bid list before closing the auction.
Officer. If there are any special circumstances,
which are likely to affect the value of the lots,
170
GARDENS & PLANTATIONS, DISPOSAL OF GRASS AND OTHER NATURAL PRODUCTS
a) At the foot of the bid list, the Assistant successful bidder regarding the
Engineer should certify as follows:- acceptance, the responsibility for
watching the products or "rights" passes
"I certify that I personally conducted the over to him. The Railway shall not be
auction and the above is a true statement liable to any loss or damage from theft,
of the products sold and the prices fire or any other cause, whatsoever.
realised." Agreements should provide for this.
b) After closing the auction, the full amount f) When there is a tie at an auction and a
of the bid should be collected from the railway servant happens to be one of the
successful bidder who should sign an bidders, his offer shall be given
agreement on the prescribed form. The preference. If the bidders happen to be
products or rights may then be handed railway servants, the offer of the
over forthwith to the successful bidder. employee with longer service shall be
Receipt for the amount collected should accepted. Engineer should take into
be given and the money remitted to the account the 'locus-standi' of the bidders
Railway immediately with full details. concerned.
c) If the successful bidder fails to pay the In case of lease of right of fishing by
full amount or the highest bid is below public auction or tender, the first preference
the reserve price fixed by the Divisional should be given to Fishermen's Co-operative
Engineer, the lot should not be sold. The Societies formed by Railwaymen. If no such
bidders' list should however be society exists, the second preference should
completed and certified by the Assistant be given to other Fishermen's Co-operative
Engineer and submitted to the Divisional Societies. If no such Society exists, it may
Engineer with recommendations for be let out to others by open public auction or
orders. The Divisional Engineer may in open tender.
consultation with the Accounts Officer
approve the sale or order a fresh auction 713 Register of Sales of Natural
for the lot or lots not sold. Products
d) After the sale by auction is over, the A register in manuscript form shall be
bidders' list and the agreement duly maintained in the Divisional Engineer's office
executed by the party should be section-wise with complete particulars of sales
submitted to the Divisional Engineer for affected and entries made therein, as and
ratification. Certified copies of the when necessary, initialled by the Divisional
agreement should then be issued by the Engineer.
Divisional Engineer's office to the party,
the Assistant Engineer and the Inspector. 714 Licensing of Tanks and Borrow
The original agreement should be sent Pits for Pisiculture
to the Accounts Department for record.
For licensing the borrow pits and tanks
e) After the advice is given to the for pisiculture, preferences shall be given to
171
GARDENS & PLANTATIONS, DISPOSAL OF GRASS AND OTHER NATURAL PRODUCTS
co-operative societies formed by railway quoted, the tender being in respect of a certain
employees. The period of such licensing can number of marked trees only, at the specified
be from 1 to 5 years and the licence fee is to kilometrage.
be fixed on merits in consultation with FA &
CAO. (c) Joint Survey : Annually, joint survey
of the trees should be carried out by Junior
D. FELLING OF TREES Scale Officers of Engineering, S & T, Electrical
Department etc. and trees which are likely to
715 Felling of trees obstructing view endanger safety of track should be identified
and felled/lopped as may be considered
(a) Trees and bushes that interfere or necessary. A report should be sent to the
tend to interfere with the view from a train, of Divisional Engineer and Divisional Safety
signals or level crossings or along the insides Officer.
of curves, shall be cut. When cut, it should
be ensured that they do not foul the track. 716 Felling Outside Railway Limits
It is however desirable that as many trees When trees and bushes which interfere
as possible be retained, consistent with with the view of signals or level crossings are
ensuring the safety of trains. Relaxations in on private land, steps to clear the obstructions
distance from track are left to the discretion should be taken as laid down in section 14 of
of the Assistant Engineer who will satisfy the Indian Railways Act 1989.
himself that no risk of trees falling across the
line is taken. The following are among the 717 Felling in Compound of Staff
relaxations: Quarters
172
GARDENS & PLANTATIONS, DISPOSAL OF GRASS AND OTHER NATURAL PRODUCTS
173
GARDENS & PLANTATIONS, DISPOSAL OF GRASS AND OTHER NATURAL PRODUCTS
Vigorous efforts are expected to be made such proposals, judiciously deciding the terms
to harvest the matured trees so as to earn the and conditions.
maximum revenue for the Railway from this
source. 723 Training of Staff
HHHHHHH
174
ACQUISITION, MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL OF LAND
175
ACQUISITION, MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL OF LAND
17 of the Act. As per this Section the the land without having obtained previous
land can be occupied on expiry of 15 permission. As the Collector of the
days after publication of notice under District will be called upon under section
Section 9(i) of the act. 15 of the same Act, to assess damage
and compensation, he should be advised
c) When land is acquired on the bank of a of the entry within 24 hours.
river with the intention of obtaining the
rights to the foreshore, it should be made e) It will be in the interest of the
clear, subject to the concurrence of the Administration if the Assistant Engineer
State Government that the boundary on or Section Engineer (Works) concerned
the river side as indicated in the is deputed to attend award inquiries and
acquisition plan is the low water line for also settlement operations in Civil
the time being and that, should the river Districts with a view to have proper
at any time recede from the bank, records of settlement pertaining to the
accretion to the foreshore shall form part Railway land.
of the land acquired and no additional
payment or compensation for such f) In special cases, if the State
accretion shall be made. Government so desires, the Railway
should deposit in advance an amount
Cases in which difficulties arise in determined on the advice of the State
consequence of a sudden change in the Government for the expeditious payment
course of a river as distinguished from a of compensation to the land owners. This
gradual process of erosion and accretion, amount should be kept as low as possible
should be dealt with on their merits. and should not normally exceed the
amount that can be disbursed by the
d) In the case of any slip or other accident State Government within the financial
happening or being apprehended to any year in which the deposit is made.
cutting, embankment or other works,
section 14 of the Railways Act 1989 g) As the financial justification for a
empowers Railway to enter upon any project and its location in a particular
lands adjoining the Railway for the place, takes also into consideration the
purpose of repairing or preventing the value of the land to be acquired for the
accident and to do all such works as may project, it is essential to obtain a realistic
be necessary for the purpose. Adjoining estimate of the cost of the land from the
land should be entered upon only in cases land revenue authorities at the time of
of absolute necessity and to the minimum preparation of the estimate.
extent required.
h) For acquisition of forest land, the
In such cases, a report must be made to procedure laid down in paras 857 and
the Central Government (Railway Board) 858 of the Indian Railways Code for the
within 72 hours of such entry, specifying Engg. Deptt. (1993 Edition) should be
the reasons which necessitated entry on followed.
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ACQUISITION, MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL OF LAND
a) While acquiring land for quarrying lands relinquished by the Railway will in all
purposes, it should be ensured that the cases be their market value at the time of
State Government does not insert such transfer and not the original value paid on their
declaration as could deny quarrying acquisition by the Railway.
rights to the Railway.
e) Vide para 1042 of the Indian Rlys.
804 Relinquishment of Railway Land Code for Engg. Deptt (1993 Edition) in cases
where Railway land is transferred to a State
a) When it has been decided that a certain Government and where the capitalised value
area of land is no longer required for Railway of the land revenue had been paid to the Local
purposes and is eligible for relinquishment, Government on acquisition, the amount
action should be taken as detailed in para 1035 payable by the State Government for the land
to 1044 of Indian Railways Code for the Engg. should include the refund of the capitalised
Deptt. (1993 Edition). value. In the case of land disposed of to private
parties, the refund of the capitalised value of
b) When Railway land is relinquished, land revenue by the State Government will
possession of the land should not be given not however be necessary.
until the price for the land has been paid.
Possession should be handed over jointly by f) In all other cases, land will be disposed
the representatives of the Railway and the of at the highest offer and also if that is
State Government to the purchaser if the considered reasonable.
purchaser is not a Government Department/
Public Sector Undertaking. g) In respect of relinquishment of railway
land in favour of the State Government or
c) When State Governments, in arranging outsiders for the approaches of ROBs/RUBs,
disposal of surplus Railway land, decide to specific approval of the Railway Board should
sell it by public auction, a minimum upset or be obtained irrespective of the value of land
reserve-price should be fixed along with such involved.
other terms, as will be beneficial to the Railway
Administration with their consultation. The h) Railways should include contingency
auction should take place in the presence of charges @ 3% in all the relinquishment
a responsible railway representative. All estimates to cover incidental charges incurred
papers and plans prepared by the Civil during the process.
authorities before the auction should be
carefully scrutinised to ensure that the i) Powers of sanction - In all cases of
description of the land being sold is correct disposals, conditions of restriction of uses
and that no easements are allowed over agreed upon if any by both the parties may be
adjoining land remaining in the possession of embodied in the transfer or sale deeds. When
the Railway. the estimated value exceeds Rs. 5 lacs, a
prior reference should be made to the Railway
d) The amount payable by the Central Board.
Government or the State Government f or
177
ACQUISITION, MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL OF LAND
805 Outstanding Cases of Acquisition are duly certified by the State Governments
and Relinquishment of Land should be kept as permanent records in the
C.E.'s office. Sufficient copies of certified
Half yearly lists of outstanding cases of plans after carrying out necessary
acquisition and relinquishment of land should consolidation and mutation should be made
be prepared by theDivisional Engineer, district out and supplied to the Divisional Engineers
wise and state wise. These should be sent to for reference, a copy being kept in the cover
concerned collectors for necessary action with of each relevant file.
copies sent to the Chief Engineer for
information and record. No notings should be made on certified
plans and declarations nor on important letters
B. LAND RECORDS, DEMARCATION from the State Governments in connection with
AND VERIFICATION OF RAILWAY acquisition or relinquishment of land as these
BOUNDARIES may, at times, be required in a Court of Law
to prove the Railway's title.
806 Land Records in C.E.'s Office
b) Land Records Registers should be
a) Vide para 850 of the Indian Railways maintained in the Chief Engineer's office as
Code for the Engg. Deptt. (1993 Edition) a per the following proforma (Table 8.1.) in which
complete series of land plans for the entire all details of transactions, both acquisition and
Railway should be maintained in the Chief relinquishment should be noted.
Engineer's office. The original tracings that
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 8.1.
LAND RECORDS REGISTER
178
ACQUISITION, MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL OF LAND
179
ACQUISITION, MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL OF LAND
ii) For this purpose, the boundary of the 809 Boundary Stones
railway land may be defined by a
continuous wall, fence or ditch or by a) The boundary stones may be of
detached marks, posts or pillars. suitable size and section, projecting about 500
mm above ground and inscribed with
iii) Where the boundary mark is continuous, appropriate letters e.g. NR for Northern
the boundary of the Railway land is to be Railway and the number in black below, the
on the outer edge of the wall, fence or stones being colour washed white, red or
ditch, that is to say, the wall, fence or yellow to suit local conditions. The stones
ditch will be situated wholly on Railway should be fixed squarely, the outside face
land. representing the boundary with the letters and
number facing the railway line. On the
iv) Where detached marks, such as isolated telegraph post side preferably, the boundary
posts or pillars are used the boundary stone may be serially numbered 1,3,5 and so
of the Railway land will pass along the on in ascending order of kilometrage, those
180
ACQUISITION, MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL OF LAND
on the opposite side being numbered 2,4,6 and (b) In other areas instructions as per para
so on, the number starting from a kilometre 3715 of Way and Works Manual should be
post and ending at the next kilometre post strictly followed.
where the numbers should begin afresh. The
stones should be kept clear from jungle growth 811 (ii) Fencing as a rule, should be
or shrubs for at least 1 metre all round within provided at the following locations:-
the Railway limits.
a) For specified lengths on either side of
b) Boundary stones should be fixed at level crossings, so as to prevent trespassing
every point of change of alignment. In hilly when the gates are closed;
country and for sharp curves, each stone
should be so placed that it can be observed b) Around busy station yards for 30m
from the adjoining stone on either side. width on either side;
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ACQUISITION, MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL OF LAND
visibility to road users at the unmanned level 813 Verification of Land Boundaries
crossings should not be permitted. and Encroachments
(f) Interaction with local authorities for a) Vide para 1048 of the Indian Railway
assistance in preventing encroachments in Code for the Engg. Deptt. (1993 Edidtion) every
these areas. Zonal Railway Administration is responsible
for the demarcation and periodical verification
(g) Joint visits of the vulnerable locations of the boundaries and maintenance of proper
by representatives of concerned departments records in connection with land in the
along with civil authorities (wherever required) possession of that Railway.
with a view to create adequate impression in
the locality that Railways are serious in b) The Section Engineer (Works/P. Way)
preventing encroachments in the areas. is responsible for maintaining railway land
within the jurisdictions defined in paras
812 Land Plans. hereinafter, without any encroachments or
development of easement rights. He should
(a) Up to date land plans should be prevent and remove encroachments, as and
available in the Divisional Offices and copies when these arise and where removal of
should be made available to the Field encroachment is possible without taking
Inspectors whenever required in connection recourse to PPE Act. Particular care is
with any work. Non-availability of land plans required to prevent encroachment on railway
should not be a ground for wrong demarcations land situated above tunnels and below bridges
of land boundaries while dealing with outsiders. especially Road Over/Under bridges.
(b) Copies of certified land plans In cases where the Section Engineer
pertaining to their jurisdictions showing (Works/P. Way), Station Master, Chief Goods
complete dimensions, should be in the Clerk, Carriage & Wagon Inspector, RPF
possession of the Assistant Engineers, Inspector, and other concerned Inspectors are
Section Engineer ( Works /P.Way) not able to remove the encroachments on
railway land within their respective areas of
Every Section Engineer ( Works /P.Way) responsibility as defined in para 815
will maintain a land record as per para 806(b). hereinafter, they should report the case to the
From time to time all entries in the Register Assistant Engineer / Divisional Engineer /
be made up-to-date. During important Divisional Commercial Manager / Senior
inspections of higher officers from the Divisional Engineer / Senior Divisional
Headquarters and Railway Board, the register Commercial Manager and concerned
will be kept by the AEN with him. Land Records Departmental officer in charge (in case of
Register should be checked annually by AEN/ workshop/sheds) / Divisional Security
DEN/Sr.DEN and observations recorded on Commissioner as well as the Superintendent
them should be followed by Section Engineer of Police / Divisional Commissioner, and other
(Works/P.Way) Civil authorities verbally as well as in writing
for further action.
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ACQUISITION, MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL OF LAND
c) The Section Engineer (P.Way) shall and action taken thereon. The entries in the
inspect and maintain the Railway land register should be certified by the Section
boundaries between stations and at Engineer/(Works/P.Way) of the respective
unimportant stations. The Section Engineer sections and verified / inspected by the Asstt.
(Works) shall inspect and maintain the land Engineer./DEN/Sr.DEN or other higher
boundaries at important stations and staff officers from time to time. The registers
colonies. should have adequate pages so that record of
inspection and verification of land boundaries
(d) Maintenance of land boundaries for a period of 15 years can be accommodated
verification Register- in the register. Separate registers should be
maintained for each Section Engineer (Works/
Railways should maintain printed P.Way)'s jurisdiction. A certificate on the
registers on the lines of Bridge Registers as following proforma should be given by the
at Annexure 8.1 (a) & (b) in the attached Section Engineer once a year which is to be
format showing "Details of Encroachments" verified and counter-signed by AEN with regard
and "Details of the Missing Boundary Stones" to correct demarcation of land boundaries.
____________________________________________________________________________________
I,________Section Engineer (P. Way/Works) certify that I have inspected the railway land fencings
and boundary stones on my section during the year ending __________________ and that they
are in accordance with certified the/land plans. There have been no encroachments except at
the following kilometerages that have been reported upon vide reference given against each.
Details of encroachments
Sta Location Rly Soft Area in Value of Approx. Purpose: Action Remarks
tion emplo /hard Sq.m. land approx. period Personal taken
pre- KM/ Reference yee/ since /Com- to
mises/ EM to outsiders Value Basic encroa mercial remove
colony Station encroach persons market chment /religious
/mid (from ment /others rate/ existing /Social/
sec -to) plan notified other
tion rate/
Rough
assess
-ment
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
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ACQUISITION, MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL OF LAND
I further certify that wire fencing and/or boundary stones are available at all locations except at
the Kilometerages shown below for which action to replace the same is indicated against each
location.
Details of missing boundary stones
1. I certify that railway boundaries are demarcated correctly and that there are no
encroachments, except those listed above.
2. Certified land plans pertaining to the above mentioned Section Engineer (P. Way/
Works)___________________are available with him except the following.
_______________________
Asstt. Engineer/
_______________________
DEM/Sr. DEN/
_______________________
Chief Engineer/General
184
ACQUISITION, MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL OF LAND
185
ACQUISITION, MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL OF LAND
jhopries and squatters and where it may be e) The Section Engineer (Works/P. Way)
difficult to take action under PPE Act the same should maintain details of encroachments in
may be got removed in consultation and with a register showing their incidence and removal
the assistance of local civil authorities. with necessary details as given in Annexure
8.2 (Encroachment Inspection Register).
d) Every year, at the close of financial
year, detailed survey of encroachments must One page of this register shall be allotted
be made under the following categories :- to each encroachment . A scale plan of the
encroachment shall be provided on the facing
i) CATEGORY - A Encroachments by side.
outsiders removal of
which requires Once a case is opened the entries should
actionunder Public not be discontinued unless and until the
Premises Eviction (PPE) encroachment is removed. A note to that
Act. effect should be made in the register. The
frequency of inspection of encroachment shall
ii) CATEGORY - B) Encroachments by be at least once in 3 months.
outsiders which do not
require action under PPE Section Engineer (Works/P. Way) shall
Act (e.g. temporary give a certificate in the following proforma,
occupation of land by once in three months which shall be verified
hawkers, using Railway and countersigned by the AEN.
land for cattle, cowdung,
refuse etc.) "I............................................., Section
Engineer (Works/P. Way) certify that I have
inspected the Railway land in my section
iii)CATEGORY- C) Encroachment by during the quarter ending ..................and
Railway staff in the form there have been no encroachments except
of temporary huts etc. at the locations shown in this register, that
have been reported upon vide references
iv)CATEGORY - D) Encroachment by given against each."
Railway staff who have
been allotted railway sd/-
accommodation, by way Section Engineer (Works/P. Way)
of additions to the
structures, unauthorised AEN should submit every month the
use of land for cultivation summary of the status of removal of
etc. encroachments to the Divisional Engineer.
186
ACQUISITION, MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL OF LAND
Officer, in Civil Courts etc. should be (iii) Plans for commercial plots at various
submitted by Divisions to Head Quarter. stations should be approved jointly by
Divl. Engineering and Commercial
Encroachment plans to scale shall be Officers and at site demarcation of the
made for every encroachment. These plots should be done with rail posts by
encroachment plans alongwith details of Engineering Deptt. Whenever any
encroachment as per Annexure 8.2 should be commercial plot is licensed the
checked and signed by Section Engineer Commercial Department should give a
(Works/P. Way)/AEN. Records of such copy of the allotment letter to the
encroachment plans should be kept in the Engineering Deptt. so that Section
Divisional office and these encroachment Engineer (Works) can ensure against any
plans should be handed over and taken over unauthorised use. The station Master
by Section Engineer (Works/P. Way)/AENs should also have a copy of the approved
at the time of change of charge. plan of commercial plots at the station.
Station staff, including Commercial staff
A copy of encroachment plan should posted in Goods Sheds should firstly
be available with Section Engineer (Works/ ensure that commercial plots are not
P. Way) /AEN/DEN/Sr.DEN. Any misused and secondly, in case of any
encroachment added or removed should be misuse and/or encroachment should
reflected in the encroachment plan. immediately report it to the Engineering
Deptt. for eviction and other action that
A copy of encroachment plan should be may be necessary. This will also apply
handed over by the Section Engineer (Works/ to the cases of any licensing for shops,
P. Way) to SMs/RPF inspectors/Workshops tehbazari etc. in the circulating area and
Supervisors in charge etc. goods shed premises.
187
ACQUISITION, MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL OF LAND
188
ACQUISITION, MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL OF LAND
well conversant with the provsions of the as specified in paragraph 814 (b) suitable
PPE Act, 1971 and also various avenues adverse entries shall be made in the
available to them while dealing with Confidential Records of the official(s)
cases of encroachments. Course concerned, and he(they) will also be liable for
contents may include case histories and DAR action.
various relevant court judgements on the
appeals against the orders of Estate 815-B Liability for D&AR action
Officers
It is imperative on the part of concerned
i) RPF should play a proactive role in Branch officer that for any new encroachments
removal of soft encroachments as and that come up on railway land, officials
when existence of such encroachments responsible for safeguarding the railway land
is brought to their notice. They should are taken up under Railway Servants(D&A)
also provide assistance in co-operation Rules
with State Police/GRP where cases have
been decided by the Estate Officers 816 Railway Land In Important
Metropolitan & Commercial Cities
815-A Action to be taken while
handing/taking over of charge by In all such cities where the cost of
Supervisors. land is very high, special staff including RPF
should be deputed to deal with the
(a) A joint field check on the existing encroachments and its removal. This batch
encroachments will be mandatory part of the of staff will be jointly responsible to ensure
Handing over/Taking over of the Section that no further encroachment of Railway land
Engineer(Works/P. Way)s’ charge. This takes place. They will immediately remove
should be followed by a joint signing at the the encroachments to avoid any development
end of the Encroachments Register on the of the same. In case of non-removal, due to
number of encroachments in the jurisdiction. certain unavoidable reasons, they will lodge
The fact that these steps have been FIR with GRP/Civil police and report the
completed, should be an item required to be encroachments with copy of encroachment
specifically mentioned in the Handing over plan, FIR etc.to the Divisional Engineer/
Note of the outgoing Supervisor. Sr.Divisional Engineer who will initiate action
for removal of encroachment and keep
Similar procedure should be followed headquarters informed. Assistance of RPF
by the concerned officials from Commercial, should be enlisted when dealing with the Civil
Traffic, Mechanical, Electrical, and Security Police.
departments.
817 Maintenance of Rights of Way
(b) In the event of fresh
encroachments having taken place being a) The Assistant Engineers and Section
noticed at the stage of handing over of charge, Engineers (Works) shall see that the rights of
and which were not specifically brought out in way across Railway land are not allowed to
writing to the notice of the officers/authorities be infringed upon.
189
ACQUISITION, MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL OF LAND
Prompt action should be taken to prevent should be ensured through Agreement and
any person obtaining squatter's rights on Plans. The management should be by a
railway property. committee consisting of railway employees.
b) So as to assert the right of ownership The Senior Supervisors should keep a
as against any public claim of way, roads and constant look-out for un-authorised extension
authorised passage across Railway land over of existing structures or construction of new
which the public have no right of way, should structures and report such occurrences at
be closed for one day of 24 hours every year. once to the Assistant Engineer.
This should be done during the date or dates c) In case unauthorised extensions or
approved, if necessary, by the local new constructions are noticed, it should be
authorities. Necessary reports should be sent possible for the Assistant Engineer and Staff
by the Senior Supervisors to their Assistant to persuade those concerned, to desist from
Engineers after the procedure is observed, further construction. If required the Assistant
with details of station yards and kilometrages. Engineer should report immediately to the
A notice of at least a fortnight should be given Divisional Engineer who will then ask the
to the public of such closure. These notices Department concerned to take requisite
may be fixed in some conspicuous place in measures. When this stage is reached, the
the villages or towns where such passages matter should be reported by the Divisional
lie, for the information of the public. In case Engineer to the Chief Engineer. It would be
of important roads such notices should be desirable to inform District authorities about
published in the local newspapers. such instances promptly and impress upon
818 Religious Structures them the need for removal of such additions
a) There is a total ban on licensing land to old structures or new constructions. In
for religious purposes. The Zonal Railways will unavoidable circumstances, only individual
ensure that no requests for further licensing cases may be referred to the Railway Board
of Railway land for religious purposes are for regularisation of the encroachments.
entertained by them. d) Licensing of the area or regularisation
b) In regard to existing licenses for of the religious structures may be limited to
prayer platforms, shrines, temples, mosques, maximum of 500 sq. metre in each individual
graves and tombs etc. on Railway land, the case.
Assistant Engineers should maintain registers e) Nominal license fee fixed for the
showing therein full particulars of the extent purpose will be charged in respect of religious
of each structure. The Religious Structures and welfare organisations, as decided by
Registers should contain details of the railway administration from time to time.
locations, description of construction, extent
of land on which the structures are located, C. MANAGEMENT OF LAND
history of the structure, reference to plans, 819 Basic Principles
community by which it is regarded as sacred
and with whom dealings should be made. The a) The basic principles of management
principles enunciated in para (a) should be of Railway land are contained in paras 1008
complied and suitable control of Railways to 1034 of the Indian Railways Code for the
Engg. Deptt. (1993 Edition).
190
ACQUISITION, MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL OF LAND
b) All leases and licenses should be permitted only for purposes connected with
covered by agreements in the approved form. the railway working.
820 Lease And License b) In all cases, the license fee shall be
Railway land is given out on license only. fixed by the General Manager keeping in view
Request of Government Departments for recommendations of the committee of Heads
lease may be considered on merit. Leasing of Departments {see part (d) of this para}.
of land is not permitted except in cases where c) Licence fee of plots should be fixed
it is approved by the Railway Board. as a percentage of the land value determined
821 Utilisation And Development Of as per the procedure detailed below. The
Available Land percentage applicable to various types of plots
will be as under :
a) Licensing of land by the Railways is
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Type of Plots Annual licence fee as a
% of land value *
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(1) Commercial plots - for city booking 6%
agencies, out agencies etc.
(3) Ordinary commercial plots - with 7.5% for the whole area allocated
temporary structures for stacking/ including covered area.
storing.
191
ACQUISITION, MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL OF LAND
192
ACQUISITION, MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL OF LAND
h) The licence agreement shall provide and one for the station master.
for Security Deposit and Liquidated Damages
in terms of instructions contained in para 1025, The Section Engineer (Works/P.Way)
1026 and 1027 of the Indian Railways Code should ensure that in all cases where railway
for Engg. Deptt.(1993 Edition). land is licensed, the allotted area is not
infringed by the licensees. He should report
i) No permanent structure is allowed to to the Assistant Engineer regarding such cases
be put up on land licensed for commercial where he cannot successfully get the
purpose. licensees to adhere to the limits of the plots
allotted to them. The Assistant Engineer
j) Licensing of Land To Traders At should then take up the matter at a higher
Stations level.
193
ACQUISITION, MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL OF LAND
of licensing but renewals even where fresh 822 Use of Surplus Land
licenses have to be given to new parties on
open tender/auction basis. No new plots may No surplus Railway land should be
however, be added for Teh Bazari/licensing. licensed for cultivation purpose. Plantation of
However, specific cases for licensing of land, suitable trees on such vacant land should be
for purposes not connected with railway done on programme basis. Strip plantations
working but concerning welfare of staff, such should be developed on big chunks of land
as, providing shops in areas where adequate available.
shopping facilities do not exist, may be
accepted on merits, with the concurrence of Land between stations should, preferably
the FA & CAO and personal approval of the be placed at the disposal of the State
General Manager. The rate of license fee Government for afforestation by Forest
charged should be fixed at 20% of the market Department, only after entering into proper
value of land. Where, however, auction is agreement ensuring safety of train operation
feasible and is likely to give better return, the at all times and without diluting Railway's title
same may be adopted. The licensing of plots on the land.
should be for a specific period and also
conform to the rules and regulations of the 823 Licensing/ Leasing of Railway
local bodies, Municipalities etc. The Land to other Government Departments
agreement entered with the parties should also
specifically indicate the temporary removable a) For railway land licensed/leased to
structure to be put up and must guard against other Government departments, the rent
the licensees indulging in encroachment of should be 6% of the market value of land, as
Railway land. In the case of death/ medical assessed by local revenue authorities at the
unfitness of a licensee of a plot of land, time of licensing/leasing. However, where
renewal of license may be done to his/her legal structures are raised by departments, the rate
heirs on the merits of the case. The medical of license fee for actual covered area should
unfitness shall be certified from a Govt. be enhanced to 12% of the market value. In
Hospital. the case of long term leases, provisions
should be made for periodical revision of rent
m) In each case of licensing, proper with retrospective effect. In case of
agreement must be executed before giving Department of defence, licence fee of 6% of
possession of land. It is the responsibility of the market value of land with revision at every
the official handing over the land to verify 10 years interval may be accepted.
whether the agreement has been executed.
b) In case of land leased to Government
n) Each AEN/Section Engineer will be owned undertakings, payment of security
fully aware of the available land (including deposit may not be insisted upon provided the
commercial plots) under his jurisdiction and concerned ministry gives a guarantee to the
will submit suitable development plans for the Railway against payment of dues by the
most economical utilization of the available undertakings.
land, in accordance with the recent circulars
and instructions.
194
ACQUISITION, MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL OF LAND
195
ACQUISITION, MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL OF LAND
196
ACQUISITION, MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL OF LAND
2) Any public road or a Railway line which ii) Where the sanction to the project has
is not used exclusively as an oil siding; and been obtained, a set of rules for the laying,
construction and maintenance of pipe line from
3) Overhead high tension power lines. the point of view of safety of the travelling
public and railway property shall be drawn up
(ii) In the case of underground storage tanks, by the Railway administration in consultation
it is not necessary to maintain any safety with the Commissioner of Railway Safety
distances around the storage tank. before the work on the project is permitted.
(iii) 1) Petroleum class A means Petroleum The pipe line shall comply with all the
having its flashing point below 23 degree relevant provisions of the petroleum rules
C. relating to transport of petroleum by pipe lines
vide para V of Chapter III of the Petroleum
2) Petroleum class B means petroleum Rules 1976.
having a flash point of 23 degree C and
above but below 65 degree C. b) Licensing of land for laying of pipe line,
sewer line etc. to State Government and local
3) Petroleum class C means petroleum bodies can be approved by G.M. with
having a flash point of 65 degree C and FA&CAO's concurrence. However, for other
above but below 93 degree C. agencies, permission of Railway Board would
be required.
Flashing point of any petroleum
means the lowest temperature at which it 827 Construction of Government and
yields a vapour which gives a momentary flash private buildings near Railway land
when ignited. It is determined in accordance
with the provisions of the Petroleum Act. a) 1. While it may be realised that Railways
have a prior right of acquisition and
(iv) The area of land which is licensed utilisation of land adjacent to Railway
for the purpose of an oil installation on which boundaries, the Railway Administration
rent is to be paid should be the whole area can only insist on previous intimation
including the safety areas prescribed in sub- being given by the revenue authorities
para (g). or the local Govt. when such lands are
assigned for specific purposes. For the
826 Laying Of Oil Pipelines prevention of encroachments on railway
land such as by the erection of buildings
a) Laying of oil pipe lines for and platforms and the gradual accrual of
installation other than those for bulk oil easements such as right of way and a
installations :- right to discharge sullage or storm water
over Railway land, it is desirable that
i) No oil pipe line for conveyance of petrol sufficient open space be provided
or other oil is permitted on railway land without between the railway boundary and the
the special sanction of the Chief Engineer/ nearest face of any structure erected on
Chief General Engineer. adjoining land.
197
ACQUISITION, MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL OF LAND
2. The interest of the Railways will be space is left so as to facilitate future road and
suitably safeguarded by providing for: drainage developments outside the railway
land to avoid requests for surrender of railway
i) an open space of approximately 30m land for access at a future date. Railways
being left between the railway boundary should insist on barest minimum distance.
and the nearest edge of a building Barest minimum distance shall be ascertained
constructed on adjacent land, the exact by examining building plans and ensuring that
space to be left being governed by local the lay out of the building shall not result into
conditions; and accrual of various easement rights as
mentioned above.
ii) intimation regarding proposed
construction on lands adjacent to the c) It is necessary that the Chief Engineer
railway boundary being given to the should arrange with each State Authority to
railway authorities at least 90 days before frame rules in connection with the following:-
the commencement of erection work.
i) The procedure to be adopted for obtaining
3. The lands adjoining the railway boundary the Railway Administration's opinion
will be either privately owned or nazul before consenting to the assignment of
and will be either included in a municipal land adjacent to railway limits for any
area or not. Regarding private lands not specific purposes.
included in a municipal area, there
appears to be no method of enforcing the ii) The extent of open space to be left
provisions mentioned above. As regards outside the railway boundaries for
private lands included in a municipal Government owned and privately-owned
area, the provisions can be made lands. Such orders may be issued by
applicable by incorporating them in the the State Governments in the form of
municipal bye-laws and if the state government circulars or government
governments have no objection, the orders, copies of which should be
municipal committees of the state may carefully recorded in the offices of the
be asked to frame bye-laws to this effect. Chief Engineer, Divisional Engineer and
As regards nazul lands, both inside and Assistant Engineer.
outside municipal areas, it is suggested
that if the state governments have no d) Construction of a building or other
objection, suitable provision may be structure near a station yard or between
made in the conditions governing stations adjacent to the railway limits and
transfer, at the time of making grants". within the zone specified in the said
government circulars or orders, should be
b) In cities and towns where land is intimated at its commencement by the Section
valuable and the cost high, it is not expected Engineer (P.Way/Works) to the Divisional
of the owner of a plot to leave a large vacant Engineer and Assistant Engineer by telegram
space between his building and the Railway and copies to the local authority, furnishing
boundary. The Interests of the Railway would brief particulars with Kilometrage and the
be adequately safeguarded if sufficient vacant distance of the structure from the railway
198
ACQUISITION, MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL OF LAND
HHHHHHH
199
ACQUISITION, MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL OF LAND
ANNEXURE 8.1(a)
(Para 813(d))
(Left Side of Register)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
200
ACQUISITION, MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL OF LAND
ANNEXURE 8.1(b)
Para 813(d)
(Right side of Register)
L and R indicate Boundary Stones on the Left & Right while facing in the direction of
increasing Kilometrage.
Note : Dimensions of Railway Land boundary may be given from Centre Line of Track.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
201
ACQUISITION, MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL OF LAND
ANNEXURE 8.2
Para 814 (e)
1. Location ...................................................................................................................................
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Note : Encroachment plan (to the scale) shall be pasted on the right hand side.
202
PREPARATION OF PLANS
203
PREPARATION OF PLANS
corrected by the office where they are d) When preparing plans, the Divisional
preserved. Engineer should obtain complete details from
other departments. He should arrange for the
g) All drawings should be quoted by their plans to be signed by the representative of
number along with their alteration no.(e.g.NR. the department concerned or the private party
H.Q.E.PLAN No.LKO/10/09-93/R1) in the in token of approval and acceptance.
estimates and in the covering letters
accompanying the estimates and in all The terms "tracing" includes drawings/
correspondence relating thereto. documents which are capable of being
reproduced.
h) Reference of sanction particulars such
as Works Programme item number should be 903 Sizes of Drawings
shown in the plan.
a) Sizes of the trimmed sheets of all
902 Plans for Other Departments drawings, except yard plans, should be as
given in Table 9.1. All plans required to be of
a) The Divisional Engineer may, at his longer length will be in the form of a roll,
discretion, prepare sketch plans for other keeping the width as specified. The size to be
Departments or other Government used would depend on the extent of details
Departments, or for private parties. Detailed required; broad guidelines are indicated in
plans should be prepared when there is a Table 9.1.
likelihood of the schemes proposed being
sanctioned or when the charges for preparation
of plans and estimates have been deposited.
204
PREPARATION OF PLANS
c) Borders enclosed by the edges of the a) Title block should be of size 170 mm
trimmed sheet and the frame limiting the x 65 mm as shown in Annexure 9.1. Following
drawing space shall be as detailed in BIS : SP basic information should be given in the title
- 46- 1988 and shown in Annexure 9.1. block.
205
PREPARATION OF PLANS
206
PREPARATION OF PLANS
207
PREPARATION OF PLANS
the turnouts; the angles of crossings; dimensions of the various parts, and elevation
inclination of gathering lines; the distance of one or more faces. It should invariably
from the centre of station of all signals, indicate the number of floors for which the
signal cabins with their distinguishing foundation of the building is designed. It should
feature, signals being shown as viewed also include roof drainage arrangement,
by the Driver and with their bases at the sanitary details, layout of bathrooms and
sites they occupy; lengths of passenger layout of kitchen. Details of finishing items
and goods platforms and their heights and specification should also be indicated in
above rail level; telegraph posts and the Architectural drawing in the form of a note.
crossings of tele-communication and Landscaping and developmental work involved
power lines over head or underground. must also be shown.
xv) Road crossings with their class and The structural drawing will indicate
location; road over bridges and foundation plan, details of R.C.C. members and
underbridges; a bar bending schedule as per standard I.S.
bar bending specification.
xvi) Infringements of standard dimensions, if
any. c) The drawings for a bridge should
include the site plan, plan and longitudinal
b) Drawing for a structure including section of the river or nala above and below
building should be prepared in three parts : the proposed site in the case of large bridges
being rebuilt on account of insufficient
i) Site plan waterway or being built at a new site and a
sufficient number of cross sections showing
ii) Architectural and/or General Layout highest flood level. If a correct survey of an
drawing important river does not exist, the river should
be surveyed for a distance of 8 km upstream
iii) Structural and/or execution drawing. and 2 km down stream, all spill channels
upstream being shown on the plan; these
In case of small buildings, all these parts distances of 8 km and 2km are to be taken as
can be included in one sheet but placed measured at right angles to the centre line of
distinctly. the Railway and not along the course of the
river. On these drawings, notes should be
The site plan can be separate or part of made of area of flood sections and hydraulic
an existing general plan. Site plans for new mean depths for each case, catchment area,
quarters should include the type drawing velocity obtained by calculation and by
numbers and show the north line and direction experiments (preferably at high flood ),
of prevailing wind. waterway through bridge proposed to be
allowed with a note on increase in velocity
The Architectural drawing should and probable highest flood level due to afflux,
normally include ground plan, section through ground plan of foundations, sections through
the building in such directions as are the bridge in such directions as are necessary
necessary to exhibit the intended form and to show the intended form and dimensions of
208
PREPARATION OF PLANS
b) Plans need revision as and when If minor alterations have been made, the
renewals are carried out and additions or original tracing may be amended in the
alterations are made. Every endeavour should Divisional/Executive Engineer's office and
be made to keep the track diagrams and plans, marked "completion drawing".
particularly of station yards and colonies, up-
210
PREPARATION OF PLANS
When possible without undue labour and Storage drawers should have placards
expense, these levels should be connected to on the outside indicating the contents in each.
a permanent bench mark, but where this is The plans should be stored flat in shallow
not readily available, the reduced level as given drawers of convenient dimensions. Probability
in the longitudinal section should be taken as of damage by moths or white ants should be
correct. In all cases, a note must be added guarded against.
stating from where the datum level has been
obtained. e) Wherever found convenient The Chief
Engineer can put the original records/drawings
on microfilm or they may be computerised for
future records.
211
PREPARATION OF PLANS
212
PREPARATION OF PLANS
213
PREPARATION OF PLANS
214
PREPARATION OF PLANS
Source : SP 46-1988
ANNEXURE 9.3
Para 907(a)
ABBREVIATIONS
1. Scope - This section covers such of a) They should be used sparingly only when
the abbreviations which are recommended for space saving in a drawing is essential.
use in general engineering drawings.
Abbreviations already covered in specific b) Short words such as 'day', 'unit', 'time',
subjects, such as units and quantities, etc. should preferably be written in full,
tolerancing, gears, fluid power, electrical and even when an abbreviation has been
electronics are not dealt in this section. standardized.
2. Enclosed Table lists some of the c) Periods (full stop symbol) are not to be
common abbreviations recommended. used except where the abbreviation
Abbreviations are the same both for singular marks a work (for example, No;FIG.)
and plural usage. Only capital letters are used
for abbreviations to ensure maintenance of d) For hyphenated words, abbreviations are
legibility bearing in mind reproduction and to be with the hyphen.
reduction process. Abbreviations which have
already been standardized nationally/ e) Sometimes one and the small letter
internationally using lower case letters should, symbol may represent more than one
however, be written according to the term or quantity. Hence it is advisable
corresponding standard. not to use such symbols to mean two
different terms in one and the same
2.1 When using abbreviations and drawing. If it becomes unavoidable, the
symbols in engineering drawings, the following symbols may be provided with suitable
points are to be borne in mind. subscript.
215
PREPARATION OF PLANS
216
PREPARATION OF PLANS
HHHHHHH
217
STORAGE AND USE OF EXPLOSIVES
c) Other rules and special instructions For major works, the Railway
issued by Railway Administration or by Administration will draw up special instructions
State Government from time to time. which should cover every aspect of each
operation and be illustrated with sketches
1002 Issue of Instructions on Use of where necessary; the instructions should
Explosives include:-
Explosives are used in the following (i) Duties of Blasting Mates and other staff.
cases:-
(ii) Description of materials used for
a) for clearing boulders which fall on the blasting, such as explosives,
railway line, as in ghat sections; detonators, safety-fuses, blasting cables,
joint adapters, fuse lighters, exploders
b) for quarrying rock; and crimpers.
218
STORAGE AND USE OF EXPLOSIVES
The Divisional/Dy. Chief Engineer and When the blasting operation is carried
Assistant Engineer should, by frequent check, out without imposition of the block, the
personally satisfy themselves that all staff Permanent Way Inspector shall ensure
handling explosives are in possession of and protection to trains in such a case, no blasting
understand the rules and any subsequent should be done within half-an-hour of the time
modifications thereto. when any train is expected to pass.
219
STORAGE AND USE OF EXPLOSIVES
220
STORAGE AND USE OF EXPLOSIVES
that no person is allowed to go near it for he will immediately prevent any one from
an hour, approaching the site whose presence is not
absolutely essential. He will re-examine the
(ii) if a charge misses fire, to examine the connections, check the wiring or re-wire as
hole and mark a red cross over he thinks fit and will try again to fire the charge
it, by electrical means.
(iii) to see that a shot that has missed fire is b) Should he be unable to fire the
not bored or picked out; that no further unexploded charge(s) by electrical means, he
charge is introduced into the hole ; will then comply with paras 82-84 of the above
Regulations, which are reproduced below,
(iv) to determine the direction of the hole for using the means considered the most
which purpose a few centimetres suitable:-
(inches) of tamping may, if necessary,
be picked out and a stick placed in the "82. No person shall bore out a hole that
mis-fired hole and to drill, after 60 has once been charged or attempt to withdraw
minutes have passed, a fresh hole near a charge either before firing or after a misfire
the charge which has missed fire and or deepen or tamper with empty holes or
that this is done at a safe distance from sockets left after blasting.
the former hole and in such position and
direction that the boring tool cannot come "83. When a misfire occurs, a portion of
in contact with the explosive which has the tamping may be sludged out with
missed fire. The Blasting Mate must not compressed air or water under pressure, but
leave the spot on any account no kind of metal tool shall be used for this
whatsoever until the second hole (which purpose. The hole shall thereafter be reprimed
should explode the old charge) has been and fired.
fired. He must carefully examine the
result and continue the operation, if "84. No person shall drill or cause or
necessary, until the original charge has permit to be drilled any hole within 300 mm of
exploded. a misfired hole, and care shall be taken to
drill the new hole in such a direction that there
l) to make sure that there is only one is no danger of touching the unexploded
key to the exploder and that this is in his pocket charge. The new holes shall be bored in the
when he has to leave the exploder. This is presence of an authorised shot-firer and he
necessary for his own protection. shall be present during operation undertaken
for the removal of debris lying within 2 metres
1007 Misfires with Electrical Method of the misfired hole. A careful search amongst
of Firing the debris shall be made for cartridges and
detonators, if any.
a) If after complying with para 21 of the
Indian Metalliferous Mines Regulations, the c) Since with the electrical method of
Official in-charge of the blasting operations at firing, it is possible for one shot to explode
a site ascertains that a misfire has occurred, and blast out the rock in which an adjacent
221
STORAGE AND USE OF EXPLOSIVES
charge has been placed but which has not train and fire this from one end by means
exploded, the Official-in-charge is responsible, of a piece of safety fuse, but if more than
at the end of each blast, for examining the one train is laid, care should be taken to
working face minutely to detect whether any lay the second at such a distance from
charges have misfired in this manner. If he the other as to run no risk of one being
considers that this may have been possible, fired by the heated ground of another.
a careful search must be made in the debris
for the unexploded detonator. b) Dynamite and other similar explosives -
Not more than 2.5 Kg. of the explosive
1008 Explosives Disposal should be destroyed at a time. A clear
space of ground, free from dry grass,
a) No explosive shall be abandoned. about 100 square metres should be
These shall be disposed off or destroyed selected at least 800 metres away from
strictly in accordance with the approved buildings and dwelling places. A line of
methods and in doing so the manufacturers shavings or dry grass, about 450 mm
or the appropriate authority shall be consulted. wide and at least 100 mm thick, should
b) Explosives, caps, boxes liners or then be laid down. The direction of the
material used in packing of explosives shall line should be at an angle of about
not be left lying around in places to which 45 degrees to the direction of the wind.
children or unauthorised persons or livestock The work should not be undertaken on a
can have access. day when the wind would be strong
enough to disturb or blow away the
c) Paper or fibrous material employed in shavings. This line of shavings or dry
packing explosives shall not be put to any grass should then be adequately
subsequent use. Such material shall be sprinkled with kerosene oil to ensure its
destroyed by burning in the presence of a burning continuously. The cartridges with
responsible person. the wrappers opened and unrolled should
then be placed in a continuous line not
1009 Destruction of Explosives more than 2 abreast with an interval of
25 mm between each line of cartridges
The destruction of explosives should, in and with the cartridge wrappers or other
all cases, be supervised by the Assistant paper lightly placed below them. The
Engineer. cartridges should be placed at about 6
metres from the weather end of the line
When destroying explosives, the of shavings, at the extreme weather end
following instructions should be strictly of which will be placed an adequate length
adhered to:- of safety fuse. To ensure the ignition of
the shavings, it may be found necessary
a) Black powder- Black powder should be to place a small quantity of cotton waste
thrown into water, preferably hot water, soaked in petrol adjacent to the end of
which dissolves out the saltpetre and the safety fuse and on the shavings. The
renders the explosive harmless. An safety fuse should then be lighted and
alternative method is to lay it out in a the operator should retire quickly to a
222
STORAGE AND USE OF EXPLOSIVES
safe distance when after a short time the them thoroughly in light mineral oil for
dynamite will burn steadily without 48 hours and then destroy them by
exploding. throwing them one at a time into a fire
with due precautions.
c) Detonators -Surplus detonators should
be disposed of by throwing them, one at d) Safety fuse - Safety fuse should be
a time, into a deep pool of a river or the destroyed by burning in lengths in the
sea. An alternative method is to soak open.
HHHHHHH
223
POLICE JURISDICTION AND SECURITY OF RAILWAY MATERIALS.
The officers and supervisors of the (iii) In case of any ambiguity regarding the
Engineering Department are required to jurisdiction of the Local Police and the
coordinate and take assistance from Police Railway Police, the Police Manual of the
including Railway Police and the Railway State concerned may be referred to.
Protection Force for ensuring safety of railway-
men and security of railway property. b) Local Police:
224
POLICE JURISDICTION AND SECURITY OF RAILWAY MATERIALS.
225
POLICE JURISDICTION AND SECURITY OF RAILWAY MATERIALS.
Police are authorised to commence enquiries and effect arrests without direction from a
Magistrate :-
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
: Sr.No : Sections of the : Nature of offence.
: : Railway Act :
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
: 1. : Sec. 145 .. : Drunkenness or nuisance-being in a state of intoxication
: : : committing act of nuisance, using obscene language,
: : : interfering with amenities so as to affect comfort of
: : : passengers
: 2. : Sec. 146 .. : Obstructing Railway Servant in his duty.
: 3. : Sec. 147 .. : Trespass and refusal to desist from trespass.
: 4. : Sec. 150 .. : Maliciously wrecking or attempting to wreck a train
: 5. : Sec. 151 .. : Damage to or destruction of Railway Property
: 6. : Sec. 166 .. : Defacing public notices.
: 7. : Sec. 175 .. : Endangering safety of any person travelling upon the
: : : railway by disobeying any rule negligent act. (This
: : : applies to Railway Servants only).
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
When a complaint has been made to the liability for neglect of error.
GRP in respect of any cognizable offence, the
working up of the case rests with the Police. 1106 Non-Cognizable Offences
This does not affect the action necessary for
departmental purposes, such as making a) Some of the offences listed below are termed
preliminary enquiries which are in some cases "non-cognizable by the Police", meaning that
necessary to establish the fact that any crime the Police are not liable to take action,
has been committed or to fix the departmental including effecting arrests, without specific
orders from a Magistrate.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sr.No : Sections of the Rail way Act 1989 : Nature of offence.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1. : Sec. 158 .. .. : Contravention of regulations of
: : hours of work and period of rest
: : by any Railway Servant.
2. : Sec. 177 .. .. : Furnishing false returns.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
226
POLICE JURISDICTION AND SECURITY OF RAILWAY MATERIALS.
b) In the case of non-cognizable Wherever possible, the Divisional
offenses, the Railway Police will record the Engineer or Assistant Engineer should arrange
complaint and take further action as per the relief and report any case of arrest to the
procedure in force. higher authority.
1107 Powers of Arrest by Railway Staff 1109 Action by Railway Staff in Cases
of Attempted Sabotage
a)Section 179 of the Indian Railways Act
of 1989, empowers a Railway Official to effect Whenever any offence under Sections
the arrest of any person who has committed 150 or 151 of the Indian Railways Act, 1989 is
a cognizable offence. detected, the senior most Railway Official
present may direct the Police Officer or
Section 180 of the Indian Railways Act, Policemen present or, Railway servant (if
1989, empowers a Railway Official to effect there be no Policeman present), to arrest the
the arrest of any person for an offence "non- offender at once.
cognizable by the Police" provided there are
valid reasons to believe that the offender will In every case, a detailed report should
abscond or that he/she is giving a false name be made to the appropriate authorities.
and address. In cases where the person
refuses to give his proper name and address, 1110 Answering of Court Summons -
or there is reason to believe that the name
and address given are false or that such Court summons served on the staff shall
person will abscond, the GRP may arrest him be promptly obeyed. Section 66 of the Civil
(or her) under Section 180 of The Railway Act. Procedure Code 1974 provides that :-
227
POLICE JURISDICTION AND SECURITY OF RAILWAY MATERIALS.
locations. The Boards should indicate the c) A report shall be made by the Section
consequences of trespass. Engineer to the nearest Station Master and to
the Assistant Engineer in every such case.
b) Stray cattle found grazing in the railway
limits may be sent to the cattle pound. In the case of such accidents occurring
in station yards the Station Master will take
c) Whenever dead bodies of the cattle requisite action.
etc. are found in the railway colony, station
limits, Medical Department may be promptly 1113 Disposal of Cattle found Dead
advised for their removal. on the Line. -
1112 Disposal of Human Bodies When cattle are run over on the line, the
Found Run Over- carcasses should be cleared sufficiently away
from the line.
When the body of a person run over is
found between stations, the following 1114 Miscellaneous.
procedure shall be adopted:-
a) Whenever an Engineering personnel
a) If life is extinct, the body shall not be is involved in a charge of commission of an
moved more than is necessary to clear the offence under RP(UP) Act, a report should be
line, until the arrival of the Police. The body sent to the Assistant/ Divisional Engineer
may be left in charge of a Gangman, Gateman immediately for necessary action at the
or a villager. In all cases, a written memo appropriate level. In this connection the
with the following particulars shall be prepared provisions of section 3 and 4 of RP(UP)Act
by the Guard or if, there be no Guard, by the are reproduced below:
Driver of the train or other person finding the
body and be made over to the man placed in SECTION 3:
charge of the same to be given by him to the
Police Official - Whoever is found, or is proved to have
been in possession of any Railway property
(i) Position of body on the line. reasonably suspected of having been stolen
or unlawfully obtained shall be punishable,
(ii) Blood stains on track, ballast or engine, unless he proves that the Railway property
extent of injuries and whether seemingly came into his possession lawfully.
inflicted by a train or otherwise.
SECTION 4:
(iii) Position of any clothing, found on or near
the rails. Any owner or occupier of a land or
building, or any agent of such owner or
b) If life is not extinct, the person shall occupier incharge of the management of that
be conveyed to the next station as promptly land or building, who connives with an offence
as practicable where medical aid shall be against the provisions of this Act, shall be
arranged by the Station Master. punishable with imprisonment for a term, which
228
POLICE JURISDICTION AND SECURITY OF RAILWAY MATERIALS.
may extend to five years or with fine or with immediate action to report this to the allottment
both. authority for taking action at that authority's
end.
b) Encroachments shall be got removed
promptly as per 814 of this manual. Necessary d) Engineering Supervisors should take
help should be sought from GRP as well as necessary care to ensure that issue of
R.P.F. materials is covered under a proper authority
to avoid attracting of RP(UP)Act. Such
c) Whenever unauthorised occupation authority could be Issue Notes, Gate Passes,
or subletting of quarters is noticed by the Railway Challans etc.
Section Engineer (Works) he will take
HHHHHHH
229
POLICE JURISDICTION AND SECURITY OF RAILWAY MATERIALS.
ANNEXURE 11.1
Para 1103
PROFORMA FOR LODGING FIR
1. Name of Complainant
a) Permanent address in full
b) Nearest railway station to the permanent residence.
c) Telephone No.
5. Ticket No.
9. Name of person or persons suspected with descriptive role and name and address, if known
a) The station where the suspect entrained
b) The station where the suspect detrained
c) The station where such suspect wanted to go.
10. Did the suspect show sympathy towards you by providing seat or place to sleep or advise
to put the Box/attaches at a certain place.
HHHHHHH
230
BOOKS OF REFERENCE
231
BOOKS OF REFERENCE
Annexure 12.1
Para 1201
LIST OF BOOKS OF REFERENCE.
232
BOOKS OF REFERENCE
233
BOOKS OF REFERENCE
HHHHHHH
234
LIST OF ANNEXURES
viii
LIST OF ANNEXURES
9.1 Border and Frame detailing of Drawings 903 (c) & 904 (a) 171
ix
CONCORDANCE
Concordance showing the paragraphs in the IRWM, 2000 and the corresponding paragraphs in the
IRWWM, 1967 Edition.
i
(1) (2) (3)
123 307 ---
124 308 Modified
125 309 Modified
126 310 Modified
127 311 ---
128 312 Modified
129 313 ---
130 314 Modified
201 2301 Modified & Amplified
202 2313 Modified & Amplified
203 --- New Para
204 2307 Modified
205 2309 Modified & Amplified
206 --- New Para
207 --- New Para
208 2317 Modified & Amplified
209 --- New Para
210 2316 Modified
211 2311 Modified
212 --- New Para
213 2310 Modified
214 --- New Para
215 --- New Para
216 --- New Para
217 2312 Modified
218 2302 Modified
219 2303 ---
220 2305 ---
221 2304 Modified & Amplified
i
(1) (2) (3)
222 2306 ---
223 2318 ---
224 2319 Modified & Amplified
225 2320 Modified & Amplified
226 2321 Modified
227 2322 Modified
228 2323 Modified
229 2324 Modified
230 2325 ---
231 --- New Para
232 --- New Para
301 2308
2201 Modified
302 2401 Modified
303 2402 -----
304 2403 Modified
305 2404 Modified
306 2405 Modified
307 2406
2407
2408 Modified & Amplified
308 2409 Modified
iii
(1) (2) (3)
407 ---- New Para
408 ---- New Para
409 2218 Amplified
410 2219 Amplified
411 2203 Amplified
412 2224 Amplified
413 2209
2214 Amplified
414 2206 Amplified
415 2207 Amplified
416 2213 Amplified
iv
(1) (2) (3)
505 ---- New Para
506 2503 ----
507 2504 ----
508 2506 ----
509 2507 Amplified
510 2508 ----
511 2509 Amplified
512 ---- New Para
513 ---- New Para
514 ---- New Para
515 2510 Modified
516 2511 Modified
517 2513 Modified
518 ---- New Para
519
to ---- New Para
522
523 2534 ----
524 2505
2521 Modified
525 2522 Amplified
526 2523 Amplified
527 2514B Modified
528 2527 Modified
529 2524
2526 Amplified
530 2525 ----
531 ---- New Para
v
(1) (2) (3)
533
to --- New Para
535
536 2517 ----
537 2518 ----
538 2519 ----
539 2520 ----
540 ---- New Para
541 2532 ----
542 2528 ----
543 2529 Amplified
544 2530 Amplified
545 ---- New Para
546 ---- New Para
547 ---- New Para
548 ---- New Para
549 2535 Modified
550 2536 Modified
551 ---- New Para
552 2537 ----
553 2533 Amplified
554 2538 Modified
601 ---- New Para
602 ---- New Para
603 2602 Modified
604 ---- New Para
605 ---- New Para
606 2603 Modified
607 2607 Modified
vi
(1) (2) (3)
608 2608(d) Modified
609 --- New Para
610 2603 Modified
611 ---- New Para
612 2604 Amplified
613 ---- New Para
614 2605 Amplified
615 2606 Modified
616 2613(c) Amplified
617 ---- New Para
618 --- New Para
619 ---- New Para
620 ---- New Para
621 ---- New Para
622 2615 Modified
623 2616 -----
624 2617 ----
625 2618 Modified
626 2619 ----
627 2620 Modified
628 ----- New Para
629 2615 Modified
630 --- New Para
vii
(1) (2) (3)
705 3805 Modified
706 3806 Modified
707 3807 Modified
708 3809 Modified
709 3810 Modified
710 3812 Modified
711 3813 Modified
712 3814 Modified
713 3815 ----
714 ---- New Para
715 3816 Modified
716 3817 Modified
717 3818 ----
718 3819 ----
719 ---- New Para
720 ---- New Para
721 ---- New Para
722 ---- New Para
723 --- New Para
801 3701 Modified
802 3702 Modified
803 3706 Amplified
804 3706 Amplified
805 3712 Modified
806 3713 Amplified
807 3714 Amplified
808 3715 Modified
809 3716 Modified
810 3717 ----
811 3718 Amplified
viii
(1) (2) (3)
812 3719 Amplified
813 3720 Modified
814 ---- New Para
815 ---- New Para
816 ---- New Para
817 3721 Modified
818 3722 Modified
819 3723(a) Modified
820 3723 Modified
821 ---- New Para
ix
(1) (2) (3)
1001 ---- New Para
1002 3601 Modified
1003 3602 Modified
1004 3603 Modified
1005 3616 Modified
1006 3617 ----
1007 3618 ----
1008 ---- New Para
1009 3619 ----
1101 --- New Para
1102 ---- New Para
1103 3902 Modified & Amplified
1104 3903 Modified
1105 3904 Modified
1106 3905 Modified
1107 3906 Modified
1108 3907 Modified
1109 3908 Modified
1110 3909 Modified
1111 3910 Modified
1112 3911 ----
1113 3912 ----
1114 ---- New Para
HHHHHHH
x
‘ERRATA’
INDIAN RAILWAYS WORKS MANUAL 2000