Gujarat Technological University: B.Pharm Semester: Iii

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
B.Pharm
SEMESTER: III
Subject Name: PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY I
Subject Code: BP305TP
Scope: The subject involves the fundamentals of Pharmacognosy like scope, classification of crude
drugs, their identification and evaluation, phytochemicals present in them and their medicinal
properties.
Course Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able
1. to understand the techniques in the cultivation and production of crude drugs
2. to describe the crude drugs, their uses and chemical nature
3. to explain the evaluation techniques for the herbal drugs
4. to analyse the microscopic and morphological evaluation of crude drugs
Sr No Topics %
weightage
1. Introduction to Pharmacognosy: 10
(a) Definition, history, scope and development of Pharmacognosy
(b) Sources of Drugs – Plants, Animals, Marine & Tissue culture
Organized drugs, unorganized drugs (dried latex, dried juices, dried extracts,
gums and mucilages, oleoresins and oleo- gum -resins).
Classification of drugs:
Alphabetical, morphological, taxonomical, chemical, pharmacological, chemo
and sero taxonomical classification of drugs
Quality control of Drugs of Natural Origin:
Adulteration of drugs of natural origin. Evaluation by organoleptic,
microscopic, physical, chemical and biological methods and properties.
Quantitative microscopy of crude drugs including lycopodium spore method,
leafconstants, camera lucida and diagrams of microscopic objects to scale with
camera lucida.
2. Cultivation, Collection, Processing and Storage of Drugs of Natural 10
Origin:
Cultivation and Collection of drugs of natural origin
Factors influencing cultivation of medicinal plants.
Plant hormones and their applications.
Polyploidy, mutation and hybridization with reference to medicinal plants
Conservation of Medicinal Plants
3. Plant Tissue Culture: 7
Historical development of plant tissue culture, types of cultures, Nutritional
requirements, growth and their maintenance.
Applications of plant tissue culture in
pharmacognosy. Edible vaccines
Pharmacognosy in various systems of medicine:
4. Role of Pharmacognosy in allopathy and traditional systems of medicine 10
namely, Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy and Chinese systems of
medicine.
Introduction to secondary metabolites:
Definition, classification, properties and test for identification of Alkaloids,
Glycosides, Flavonoids, Tannins, Volatile oil and Resins
5. Study of biological source, chemical nature and uses of drugs of natural origin 8
containing following drugs
Plant Products:
Fibers - Cotton, Jute, Hemp
Hallucinogens, Teratogens, Natural allergens
Primary metabolites:
General introduction, detailed study with respect to chemistry, sources,
preparation, evaluation, preservation, storage, therapeutic used and commercial
utility as Pharmaceutical Aids and/or Medicines for the following Primary
metabolites:
Carbohydrates: Acacia, Agar, Tragacanth, Honey, Starch, Sodium alginate,
Pectin, Guar gum
Proteins and Enzymes : Gelatin, casein, proteolytic enzymes (Papain,
bromelain, serratiopeptidase, urokinase, streptokinase, pepsin).
Lipids(Waxes, fats, fixed oils) : Castor oil, Chaulmoogra oil, Wool Fat, Bees
Wax
Marine Drugs:
Novel medicinal agents from marine sources
Practical
1. Analysis of crude drugs by chemical tests: (i)Tragaccanth (ii) Acacia (iii)Agar (iv) Gelatin (v)
starch (vi) Honey (vii) Castor oil
2. Determination of stomatal number and index
3. Determination of vein islet number, vein islet termination and paliside ratio.
4. Determination of size of starch grains, calcium oxalate crystals by eye piece micrometer
5. Determination of Fiber length and width
6. Determination of number of starch grains by Lycopodium spore method
7. Determination of Ash value
8. Determination of Extractive values of crude drugs
9. Determination of moisture content of crude drugs
10. Determination of swelling index and foaming
Recommended Books: (Latest Editions):
1. W.C.Evans, Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy, 16th edition, W.B. Sounders & Co., London,
2009.
2. Tyler, V.E., Brady, L.R. and Robbers, J.E., Pharmacognosy, 9th Edn., Lea and Febiger,
Philadelphia, 1988.
3. T.E. Wallis, Textbook of Pharmacognosy, 5th edition, CBS Publishers &
Distributors, New Delhi, 2005
4. Mohammad Ali. Pharmacognosy, CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi 2008
5. C.K. Kokate, Purohit, Gokhlae. Text book of Pharmacognosy, Gokhlae (2007), 37th Edition,
Nirali Prakashan, Pune, 2007
6. R.D. Choudhary, Herbal Drug Industry Ist Edn, Eastern Publisher, New Delhi, 1996
7. SH.Ansari, Essentials of Pharmacognosy, IInd edition, Birla publications, New Delhi, 2007
8. C.K. Kokate, Practical Pharmacognosy, 5th edition, Vallabh Prakashan, New Delhi, 2016.
9. M.A. Iyengar, Anatomy of Crude Drugs, Manipal Press, Manipal, 2001.
10. Biren Shah & A. K. Seth, Textbook of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, 2nd edition, Elsevier
Publication, New Delhi, 2011.
11. Khandelwal K. R. Practical Pharmacognosy, 9th edition, Nirali Prakashan, Pune, 2009
12. Agrawal S.S., Herbal Drug Technology, 2nd edition, Orient Blackswan, New Delhi, 2012.
13. Vyas S. P. and Dixit V. K., Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 1st edition, CBS Publisher &
Distributors, New Delhi, 2016.
14. WHO: Quality Control Methods for Medicinal Plant Materials, World Health
ORganisation, Geneva, 1988.

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