Stainless Steel 310/310S (UNS S31000/ UNS S31008)

Austenitic Stainless Steel 310/310S offers excellent resistance to oxidation up to 2000oF. It

is a low grade steel that prevents embrittlement and sensitization. It offers medium
strength and hardness at the very low temperature even below -450oF. Outstanding heat
resistant alloy. It offers superior corrosion resistance properties however poor than Inconel
600 and Incoloy 800. Steel 310 is commonly employed in power reactors, thermal treatment
and food processing applications.

It is utilized at temperature 1150oC in the continuous operations and 1035oC in the

intermittent operations. 310S grade is a steel comprising of low concentration of carbon.
Chemical Composition 310/310S
Element SS 310 SS 310S

Chromium (Cr) 24 to 26 % 24 to 26 %

Nickel (Ni) 19.2 to 22 % 19.2 to 22 %

Carbon (C) 0.25 % 0.08 %

Silicon (Si) 1.50 % 1.50 %

Manganese (Mn) 2% 2%

Phosphorous (P) 0.045 % 0.045 %

Sulfur (S) .03 % .03 %

Molybdenum (Mo) 0.75 % 0.75 %

Copper (Cu) 0.50 % 0.50 %

Iron (Fe) Rem % Rem %

Stainless Steel 310/310S Service Temperature

Condition Regular Service Max temperature
Oxidizing ( sulfur 2gm/cm3) 1922oF or 1050oC 2012oF or 1100oC
Oxidizing ( sulfur > 2gm/cm3) 1742oF or 950oC
Slight oxygen (Sulfur 2 gm/cm3 1832oF or 1000oC
Nitridation or carburization 1562 oF to 1742oF or 850oC to 950oC

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 Physical Properties
Density 0.285 lbs/inch3 7.89 gm/cm3
Specific heat 0.12 BTU/lb-°F at 32 to 212oF 502 J/kg-oK at 0 to 100oC
Modulus of elasticity 28.5 x 10(6) psi 196 GPa
Thermal conductivity 8 BTU/hr/ft2/ft/°F at 212oF 10.8 W/m-°K at 100oC
Melting Point 2470 to 2555oF 1354 to 1402oC
Electric resistivity 30.7 Microhm-in at 68oC 78 Microhm-cm at 20°C
Thermal Conductivity
212oF 100 oC 8.2 BTU/hr/sq ft/ft/oF 0.099 W/m.K
932 of 500 oC 10.8 BTU/hr/sq ft/ft/oF 0.130 W/m.K
Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, per oF, oC, (x 10(6))
32 of to 212 oF 0 oC to 100 oC 8.8 15.9
32 of to 600 of 0 oC to 315 oC 9 16.2
32 of to 1000 of 0 oC to 538 oC 9.4 17
32 of to 1200 of 0 oC to 649 oC 9.7 17.5
32 of to 1800 of 0 oC to 981 oC 10.6 19.1
Modulus of Elasticity
oF oC Modulus Psi x 10(6) GPa
80 oF 27 oC Tension 29 Psi x 10(6) 200 GPa
200 oF 93 oC Tension, shear 28.2 Psi x 10(6), 10.9 Psi x 10(6) 194 GPa, 75 GPa
300 oF 149 oC Tension, shear 27.5 Psi x 10(6), 10.6 Psi x 10(6) 190 GPa, 73 GPa
400 oF 204 oC Tension, shear 26.8 Psi x 10(6), 10.3 Psi x 10(6) 185 GPa, 71 GPa
500 oF 260 oC Tension, shear 26.2 Psi x 10(6), 10 Psi x 10(6) 181 GPa, 69 GPa
600 oF 316 oC Tension, shear 25.5 Psi x 10(6), 9.7 Psi x 10(6) 176 GPa, 67 GPa
700 oF 371 oC Tension, shear 24.9 Psi x 10(6), 9.4 Psi x 10(6) 172 GPa, 65 GPa
800 oF 427 oC Tension, shear 24.2 Psi x 10(6), 9.1 Psi x 10(6) 167 GPa, 63 GPa
900 oF 482 oC Tension, shear 23.6 Psi x 10(6), 8.8 Psi x 10(6) 163 GPa, 61 GPa
1000 oF 538 oC Tension , shear 23 Psi x 10(6), 8.5 Psi x 10(6) 159 GPa, 59 GPa
1100 oF 593 oC Tension, shear 22.4 Psi x 10(6), 8.2 Psi x 10(6) 154 GPa, 57 GPa
1200 oF 649 oC Tension, shear 21.8 Psi x 10(6), 7.9 Psi x 10(6) 150 GPa, 54 GPa
1300 oF 704 oC Tension, shear 21.2 Psi x 10(6), 7.6 Psi x 10(6) 146 GPa, 52 GPa
1400 oF 760 oC Tension, shear 20.5 Psi x 10(6), 7.2 Psi x 10(6) 141 GPa, 50 GPa
1500 oF 816 oC Tension, shear 19 Psi x 10(6), 6.9 Psi x 10(6) 131 GPa, 48 GPa
1600 oF 871 oC Tension, shear 19.2 Psi x 10(6), 6.6 Psi x 10(6) 132 GPa, 46 GPa

Mechanical Properties
Annealed sheet
temperature Yield strength Tensile strength Elongation, Reduction Hardness
oF oC Ksi Mpa Ksi Mpa % of area, % Rockwell B
80 oF 27 oC 45 Ksi 310 Mpa 95 Ksi 655 Mpa 45 % - 85
300 oF 149 oC 34.9 Ksi 241 Mpa 82.1 Ksi 566 Mpa 38 % 69 % -
500 oF 260 oC 32.5 Ksi 224 Mpa 77.6 Ksi 535 Mpa 35 % 63 % -
700 oF 371 oC 29.6 Ksi 204 Mpa 75.5 Ksi 521 Mpa 35 % 57 % -
900 oF 482 oC 26.3 Ksi 181 Mpa 69.5 Ksi 479 Mpa 35 % 53 % -

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1100 oF 593 oC 22.7 Ksi 157 Mpa 61.5 Ksi 424 Mpa 38 % 47 % -
1300 oF 704 oC 19 Ksi 131 Mpa 45.5 Ksi 314 Mpa 31 % 42 % -
1500 oF 816 oC 15 Ksi 103 Mpa 29.5 Ksi 203 Mpa 30 % 38 % -
1700 oF 927 oC 17 Ksi 117 Mpa 49 % 48 % -
1900 oF 1038 oC 11 Ksi 76 Mpa 56 % 46 % -
2000 oF 1093 oC 7 Ksi 48 Mpa 57 % 48 % -
High temperature tensile properties
Temp Tensile strength, MPa 0.2 % Proof stress Elongation
100 oC 600 MPa 265 MPa 41 %
300 oC 530 MPa 225 MPa 35 %
500 oC 475 MPa 175 MPa 35 %
600 oC 420 MPa 155 MPa 38 %
700 oC 315 MPa 130 MPa 31 %
800 oC 215 MPa 110 MPa 30 %
900 oC 135 MPa 45 %
1000 oC 85 MPa 54 %
1100 oC 45 MPa 57 %
Creep and rupture properties
Temp, oC Stress to create 1% strain Stress to create rupture
10,00 hours 100,00 hours 1000 hours 10,000 hours
450 oC 180 MPa 115 MPa - -
500 oC 145 MPa 95 MPa - -
550 oC 115 MPa 75 MPa 240 MPa 205 MPa
600 oC 85 MPa 60 MPa 150 MPa 130 MPa
650 oC 55 MPa 40 MPa 90 MPa 75 MPa
700 oC 35 MPa 25 MPa 60 MPa 50 MPa
750 oC 20 MPa 15 MPa 45 MPa 35 MPa
800 oC 10 MPa 10 MPa 35 MPa 25 MPa
850 oC 5 MPa 5 MPa 25 MPa 20 MPa
Grade 310/310S Tensile Properties

Temp, oF Tensile strength Yield strength Elongation

70 of 80 ksi 35 ksi 52 %
1000 of 67.8 ksi 20.8 ksi 47 %
1200 of 54.1 ksi 20.7 ksi 43 %
1400 of 35.1 ksi 19.3 ksi 46 %
1600 of 19.1 ksi 12.2 ksi 48 %
Creeping Properties

Temperature, of Lowest creep 0.0001 %, ksi 10 (5) hours, rupture strength, ksi
12000 of 14.9 ksi 14.4 ksi
1400 of 3.3 ksi 4.5 ksi
1600 of 1.1 ksi 1.5 ksi
1800 of 0.28 ksi 0.66 ksi
Standard Creep strain properties

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Temperature Creep Strain (MPa) Creep Rupture (MPa)
oC oF 1000 10000 100000 1000 10000 100000
hours hours hours hours hours hours
600 oC 1112 of 120 MPa 100 MPa 40 MPa 200 MPa 140 MPa 80 MPa
700 oC 1292 of 50 MPa 35 MPa 20 MPa 80 MPa 45 MPa 20 MPa
800 oC 1472 of 20 MPa 10 MPa 8 MPa 35 MPa 20 MPa 8 MPa
900 oC 1652 of 10 MPa 6 MPa 3 MPa 15 MPa 10 MPa 5 MPa
1000 oC 1832 of 5 MPa 3 MPa 1.5 MPa 9 MPa 4 MPa 2 MPa
Effect of prolong exposure at high temperatures

10,000 hours Yield strength Tensile strength Elongation in 2 inch Reduction of area
oF oC Ksi Mpa Ksi Mpa % %
900 oF 482 oC 37.2 256 90.2 622 54 69
1050 oF 566 oC 42.3 292 93.5 645 46 54
1200 oF 649 oC 58.1 401 117.9 813 4 4

Corrosion Resistance
Stainless steel 310S alloy is made of 25% chromium and 20% nickel that make it widely
resistant to oxidation and corrosion. The nominal carbon magnitude makes it less inclined to
embrittlement and sensitization while in use. The high magnitude of chromium and nickel
makes steel suitable for the operation in the reducing sulfur. Stainless steel 310S grade is
extensively used in carburizing conditions as found in petrochemical conditions. In the
rigorous carburizing environments other heat resistant alloys are chosen. Steel grade 310S is
preferred for using in rapid liquid cooling as it may get the heat stroke. It is commonly used
in the cryogenic applications for its stiffness and lower magnetic permeability.

Just like other stainless steel alloys, 310S steel cannot be toughened by heat processing. It
can be toughened by cold processing, though this method is rarely used.

Heat Resistance
Steel 310/310S offers excellent oxidation resistance property while intermittent service at
temperatures 1035oC and at 1050oC while in regular use in the presence of air. It is
superiorly resistant to carburization, oxidation and sulphidation.

Fabrication
For fabrication stainless steel 310S is forged at temperature up to 975oC to 1175oC. The
heavy processing is performed at 1050oC and light finishing is done to the end of range.
Subsequent to forging, annealing is preferred to remove the stress from the forming
process. The alloy can be readily cold processed by the standard methods and systems.

Heat Processing
Austenitic stainless steel 310/310S is solution annealed through heating up from 1040oC to
1065oC, kept at this temperature for completely bathe then water cooling is done.

Machining

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The machinability of stainless steel 310S alloy is identical to the machining of 304L steel. The
process of toughening may cause an issue and it is easy to remove the work hardened
surface through nominal speeds and massive cuts with the sharp systems and better
lubrication. The strong machines and robust tools are utilized.

Welding of Stainless Steel 310S

Stainless steel grade 310/310S are welded through similar electrodes and filler metals.
These are readily weldable through SMAW, GMAW, GTAW and SAW. The preferred
electrodes are AWS A5.4 E310-XX and A 5.22 E310T-X and filler metal is AWS A5.9 ER310.
Argon is used as a shielding gas. Preheating and post heating are not essential, however for
performance in the corrosive liquids, complete post solution annealing processing is
required. Pickling and passivation of metal are required to eradicate the elevated
temperature metal oxides and make the steel fully corrosion resistant subsequent to
welding. This processing is not essential for elevated temperature functions, but welding
slag should be completely eradicated.

Available Forms
Wire, Mesh, Strip, Foil, Plate, Sheet, Rod, Bar, Tubing, Pipe, Flanges

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