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    Philippine Manila University of Madrid

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    leovelyn lector
    José Rizal was a Filipino patriot, physician, and writer in the late 19th century who inspired the Philippine nationalist movement. He was educated in Manila and Madrid, and published two novels exposing the abuses of Spanish colonial rule. As the leader of the Propaganda Movement, he advocated for reforms including representation in the Spanish parliament and equality under the law. Although not directly involved, Rizal was arrested and executed in 1896 during an uprising against Spain. His martyrdom convinced many Filipinos that independence was necessary.

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    Philippine Manila University of Madrid

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    leovelyn lector
    34 views2 pages
    José Rizal was a Filipino patriot, physician, and writer in the late 19th century who inspired the Philippine nationalist movement. He was educated in Manila and Madrid, and published two novels exposing the abuses of Spanish colonial rule. As the leader of the Propaganda Movement, he advocated for reforms including representation in the Spanish parliament and equality under the law. Although not directly involved, Rizal was arrested and executed in 1896 during an uprising against Spain. His martyrdom convinced many Filipinos that independence was necessary.

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    José Rizal was a Filipino patriot, physician, and writer in the late 19th century who inspired the Philippine nationalist movement. He was educated in Manila and Madrid, and published two novels exposing the abuses of Spanish colonial rule. As the leader of the Propaganda Movement, he advocated for reforms including representation in the Spanish parliament and equality under the law. Although not directly involved, Rizal was arrested and executed in 1896 during an uprising against Spain. His martyrdom convinced many Filipinos that independence was necessary.

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    34 views2 pages

    Philippine Manila University of Madrid

    Uploaded by

    leovelyn lector
    José Rizal was a Filipino patriot, physician, and writer in the late 19th century who inspired the Philippine nationalist movement. He was educated in Manila and Madrid, and published two novels exposing the abuses of Spanish colonial rule. As the leader of the Propaganda Movement, he advocated for reforms including representation in the Spanish parliament and equality under the law. Although not directly involved, Rizal was arrested and executed in 1896 during an uprising against Spain. His martyrdom convinced many Filipinos that independence was necessary.

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    José Rizal, in full José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso

    Realonda, (born June 19, 1861, Calamba, Philippines—died


    December 30, 1896, Manila), patriot, physician, and man of letters
    who was an inspiration to the Philippine nationalist movement.
    The son of a prosperous landowner, Rizal was educated
    in Manila and at the University of Madrid. A brilliant medical
    student, he soon committed himself to the reform of Spanish rule in
    his home country, though he never advocated Philippine
    independence. Most of his writing was done in Europe, where he
    resided between 1882 and 1892.
    In 1887 Rizal published his first novel, Noli me tangere (The Social
    Cancer), a passionate exposure of the evils of Spanish rule in
    the Philippines. A sequel, El filibusterismo (1891; The Reign of
    Greed), established his reputation as the leading spokesman of the
    Philippine reform movement. He published an annotated edition
    (1890; reprinted 1958) of Antonio Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas
    Filipinas, hoping to show that the native people of the Philippines
    had a long history before the coming of the Spaniards. He became
    the leader of the Propaganda Movement, contributing numerous
    articles to its newspaper, La Solidaridad, published in Barcelona.
    Rizal’s political program included integration of the Philippines as a
    province of Spain, representation in the Cortes (the Spanish
    parliament), the replacement of Spanish friars by Filipino priests,
    freedom of assembly and expression, and equality of Filipinos and
    Spaniards before the law.

    Rizal returned to the Philippines in 1892. He founded a nonviolent-


    reform society, the Liga Filipina, in Manila, and was deported
    to Dapitan in northwest Mindanao. He remained in exile for the
    next four years. In 1896 the Katipunan, a Filipino nationalist secret
    society, revolted against Spain. Although he had no connections
    with that organization and he had had no part in the insurrection,
    Rizal was arrested and tried for sedition by the military. Found
    guilty, he was publicly executed by a firing squad in Manila. His
    martyrdom convinced Filipinos that there was no alternative to
    independence from Spain. On the eve of his execution, while
    confined in Fort Santiago, Rizal wrote “Último adiós” (“Last
    Farewell”), a masterpiece of 19th-century Spanish verse.

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