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    José Rizal was a Filipino nationalist and author who was educated in Manila and Madrid and published novels exposing the evils of Spanish rule in the Philippines, becoming a leader of the reform movement seeking representation and equality under Spanish law, and he was executed in 1896 after being implicated in an uprising against Spain.

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    José Rizal: Print

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    José Rizal was a Filipino nationalist and author who was educated in Manila and Madrid and published novels exposing the evils of Spanish rule in the Philippines, becoming a leader of the reform movement seeking representation and equality under Spanish law, and he was executed in 1896 after being implicated in an uprising against Spain.

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    José Rizal was a Filipino nationalist and author who was educated in Manila and Madrid and published novels exposing the evils of Spanish rule in the Philippines, becoming a leader of the reform movement seeking representation and equality under Spanish law, and he was executed in 1896 after being implicated in an uprising against Spain.

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    7 views3 pages

    José Rizal: Print

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    José Rizal was a Filipino nationalist and author who was educated in Manila and Madrid and published novels exposing the evils of Spanish rule in the Philippines, becoming a leader of the reform movement seeking representation and equality under Spanish law, and he was executed in 1896 after being implicated in an uprising against Spain.

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    José Rizal

    Filipino political leader and author

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    WRITTEN BY
    The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
    Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive
    knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via
    study for an advanced degree....
    Last Updated: Jan 7, 2021 See Article History

    Alternative Title: José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda


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    José Rizal, in full José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso


    Realonda, (born June 19, 1861, Calamba, Philippines—died
    December 30, 1896, Manila), patriot, physician, and man of letters
    who was an inspiration to the Philippine nationalist movement.

    The son of a prosperous landowner, Rizal was educated in Manila and


    at the University of Madrid. A brilliant medical student, he soon
    committed himself to the reform of Spanish rule in his home country,
    though he never advocated Philippine independence. Most of his
    writing was done in Europe, where he resided between 1882 and 1892.

    In 1887 Rizal published his first novel, Noli me tangere (The Social


    Cancer), a passionate exposure of the evils of Spanish rule in
    the Philippines. A sequel, El filibusterismo (1891; The Reign of Greed),
    established his reputation as the leading spokesman of the Philippine
    reform movement. He published an annotated edition (1890;
    reprinted 1958) of Antonio Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas
    Filipinas, hoping to show that the native people of the Philippines had
    a long history before the coming of the Spaniards. He became the
    leader of the Propaganda Movement, contributing numerous articles
    to its newspaper, La Solidaridad, published in Barcelona. Rizal’s
    political program included integration of the Philippines as a province
    of Spain, representation in the Cortes (the Spanish parliament), the
    replacement of Spanish friars by Filipino priests, freedom of assembly
    and expression, and equality of Filipinos and Spaniards before the law.

    Rizal returned to the Philippines in 1892. He founded a nonviolent-


    reform society, the Liga Filipina, in Manila, and was deported
    to Dapitan in northwest Mindanao. He remained in exile for the next
    four years. In 1896 the Katipunan, a Filipino nationalist secret society,
    revolted against Spain. Although he had no connections with that
    organization and he had had no part in the insurrection, Rizal was
    arrested and tried for sedition by the military. Found guilty, he was
    publicly executed by a firing squad in Manila. His martyrdom
    convinced Filipinos that there was no alternative to independence
    from Spain. On the eve of his execution, while confined in Fort
    Santiago, Rizal wrote “Último adiós” (“Last Farewell”), a masterpiece
    of 19th-century Spanish verse.

    monument to José Rizal


    Monument (centre) to José Rizal in Rizal Park, Manila.
    Tsutomu Nakayama/Shostal Associates

    Retrieved from: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jose-Rizal

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