Smart City Master Planning and Sector-specific Smart City

Infrastructure Projects for Visakhapatnam

INTEGRATED SMART CITY FRAMEWORK PLAN

AECOM SMART CITY VIZAG i



ii CITY VIZAG AECOM

 

As a destination city, Visakhapatnam has a lot to offer: beautiful beaches, friendly

people and a robust economy. With a great natural harbor, Vizag is a natural hub for
defense, shipping, trade, and manufacturing. The division of Andhra Pradesh into
two states has given additional impetus to an already vibrant economic growth trend
in Vizag. The advantages of living in Vizag as opposed to other knowledge industry
capitals have not been lost on India’s young professionals, who appreciate the
unspoiled natural environment, affordable housing and laid-back lifestyle on offer.
Vizag, with its increasingly diverse economy and proven leadership team, is poised
to grow. The challenge for Vizag will be to realize its ambitious economic growth
goals while preserving and enhancing livability for the benefit of local citizens.
The Smart City Framework Plan lays the groundwork for the development of Visakhapatnam from a 20th century
port city into an integrated 21st century city-region. Each of the four major centers of Visakhapatnam Metropolitan
Region (VMR) will develop its own distinct urban character:

1. The city center will raise its profile as the business and cultural center of the region by carrying out
signature development projects in the Central Business District, along the beach road and at Old Town.
2. The southern industrial area will develop of smaller, mixed-use urban sub-centers that offer jobs-housing
balance and improved living conditions for the local workforce.
3. Madhurawada and Rushikonda will emerge as high-end knowledge industry clusters that offer world-class
educational, recreational and tourism facilities.
4. Vizag’s unique selling point — its coastline — will be developed as a set of distinct recreational, ecological
and livelihood destinations.

New growth areas within all four centers will locate housing near jobs, preserve ecological assets, and minimize
natural hazard risk. Binding the centers into a coherent regional whole will be smart transport, water and energy
infrastructure that ensures smooth and timely flows of people and resources throughout the VMR. ICT innovations
will allow infrastructure managers to anticipate stress points, take corrective action and enhance system
performance. Citizens in Smart Vizag will also gain visibility into infrastructure systems and be able to participate
in decisions about future improvements.

By embracing Green Living and Smart Business, Visakhapatnam Metro Region will become South and
Southeast Asia’s Clean Commerce Capital for the 21st century.

AECOM

 

Copyright
© 2017 AECOM

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Suite 900
Arlington, VA 20009
Telephone: +1 (703) 682-4900
Internet: www.aecom.com

This work is a product of the staff of AECOM with contributions from IBM and KPMG. The findings
are based upon geographic and demographic data obtained from State and Local entities as well
as data transposed from publicly available sources. As such, AECOM does not guarantee the
accuracy of the geographic and demographic data included in this work.

January 2017

Rights and Permission

The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because AECOM encourages dissemination of its
knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long
as full attribution to this work is given.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS
VII. Energy
Introduction VII-1
Technical Approach VII-6
Summary of Programs and Projects VII-18

 

Acronyms and Abbreviations

APEPDCL Andhra Pradesh Eastern Power Distribution SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
Company Ltd.
SOQ Statement of Qualification
APGENCO Andhra Pradesh Power Generation Company
SPV Special Purpose Vehicle
CEO Chief Executive Officer
ULB Urban Local Bodies
CMAR Construction Manager at Risk
VfM Value for Money
DB Design-Build
Vizag Visakhapatnam
DBF Design-Build-Finance
VUDA Visakhapatnam (Vizag) Urban Development Authority
DBFOM Design-Build-Finance-Operate-Maintain
DBOM Design-Build-Operate-Maintain
EoI Expression of Interest
GHG Greenhouse Gas
GVMC Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation
HPSC High Powered Steering Committee
IT Information Technology
kV kilovolt
MW megawatts
NREDCAP New & Renewable Energy Development Corporation
of Andhra Pradesh Limited
O&M Operations and Maintenance
OT Operational Technology
PV Photovoltaic
RFP Request for Proposals
RFQ Request for Qualifications


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 VII. Energy

VII. ENERGY
Introduction
Too often, the energy sector is thought of as a system of segregated
infrastructure that serves customers independently from other urban
systems. In reality, all urban systems are energy systems of one kind
or another, and either directly or indirectly impact the conversion of
primary energy sources. For example, transportation-systems
improvements that enable and encourage pedestrian and bicycle trips
can reduce vehicle miles traveled and help avoid the associated
conversion of fossil fuels. Similarly, in Vizag as in many other cities,
the largest single consumer of electricity is the water system.
Sourcing, treating, distributing, capturing, and re-treating water utilizes
an enormous amount of electricity. Energy conversions are implicit in
all infrastructure services and their processes, and therefore all
systems should be considered when attempting to meet energy
system goals. Smart City solutions to infrastructure challenges use
these energy interdependencies to their fullest potential, in order to
get the most out of any system, and also look for creative ways to
harness available energy, or offset increased system loads, by
managing behavior-based demand.

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VII. Energy

While all systems involve conversions of energy, the electricity system is the central focus,
as it plays a particularly important role in supporting quality of life for residents as well as
industry. The capacity, resilience, cost, and environmental profile of this system will become
even more of a critical concern as the region continues to grow. While energy generation
currently exceeds demand, the region is growing, and with the expected increases in
industrial demand, and the increased desire for air conditioning and electrified systems in
general, the prospect of increasing “cleaner” electricity generation must be considered now.
The current system is dependent on the thermal conversion of coal, is subject to price
volatility, and produces high levels of greenhouse gas emissions. The long term affordability
and liveability of the system must be considered when planning for growth.

As energy prices fluctuate, finite fossil fuels are used, and the energy system’s impact on
climate change comes into focus, the effective management of electricity systems becomes
paramount to mitigating risks. Smart electricity management can address these issues by
using sensors, advanced meters, renewable energy sources, digital controls, and analytic
tools to automate, monitor, and optimize energy distribution and use. These systems optimize
grid operation and usage by balancing the needs of the different stakeholders involved--
consumers, producers, and providers.

Enhancements to the electricity generation, transmission, and distribution system shall meet
the following goals:

ƒ Improved System Resilience – Wind and water damage can shut down electrical
systems if they are not redundant and/or specifically designed to avoid downtime. Similarly,
critical facilities will need back-up power systems to serve the public following disaster
events.
ƒ Uninterrupted power supply – Vishakhapatnam often experiences power outages due to
system faults that result from salt deposits on line conductors, faulty equipment, etc. These
may be overcome by having resources like redundant feeders and alternate or redundant
power sources.
ƒ Improve quality of supply – Reducing voltage fluctuations can help attract businesses
and better support service for residents.
ƒ Minimization of transmission and distribution (T&D) losses – Vishakhapatnam has
about 8% T&D losses. This loss may be due to energy dissipated in conductors and
equipment that is used for transmission, transformation, sub-transmission, and distribution
of power; unauthorized extensions of loads, errors in meter reading, errors in estimating

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 VII. Energy

unmetered energy supply, and improper meter calibration. These losses can be mitigated
by upgrading transmission and distribution systems, coupled with a reduction in losses and
theft, and by allowing redistribution of the load.
ƒ Quick fault detection and fast mitigation time – Use of “smart meters,” linked by a
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) system,will improve the operation of
the distribution system.
ƒ Diversify energy sources – Using a variety of fuels and primary conversations will
support a more reliable, resilient, and affordable system.
ƒ Incorporate distributed renewable generation & energy storage – Increasing
penetration of renewable energy generation and storage will improve environmental
outcomes, and reduce the need for costly peak- generation facilities.
ƒ Increase use of grid-tied solar micro-grids – Grid-tied solar systems are designed to
run parallel to the utility grid. Grid-tied solar systems allow a home to use power from the
utility grid as it would normally while utilizing the power from the solar system at the same
time. If the solar array produces more power than the home can use, a grid-tied system
pushing power back onto the grid banks the energy credit for later use, thereby providing
sustainable energy.
ƒ Implement of Smart Grid technology – Smart Grids use a high level of system
integration with SCADA, and metering and automation to manage electricity flow and
reduce peak pressure on the system.
ƒ Mitigate peak demand – System peak-demands drive the capital invested in generation,
and increase the sizing and costs of substation systems. Spreading the peak can allow
more people to be served throughout the day by less infrastructure. Additionally, demand
side management (DSM) through financial incentives and changing consumer behavior
can influence when customers use energy.
ƒ Reduction of Green House Gas (GHG) emissions – The energy sector contributes
significant carbon and other GHG emissions. Cleaner energy systems are needed to meet
global GHG reduction targets.

Advancements in the electricity system can also develop synergies with other infrastructure
sectors, such as transportation and water systems. Projects that develop cross-sectoral
co-benefits have the advantage of getting more out of a given investment.

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VII. Energy

Figure 1.1 Regional Map of Energy Systems within

THE VMR

Match p. VII-5
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 VII. Energy
Match p. VII-4

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VII. Energy

Technical Approach
The approach to strengthening Vizag’s energy system is based on a number of programs and
sub-programs. Each of the sub-programs includes one or more capital investment projects.
The major programs are as follows:

Smart Micro-grid Program

Building on the success of the APEPDCL, the greater Vizag area can advance the design and
deployment of versatile micro-grid systems within in India. The program will seek to improve
the reliability, resilience, and efficiency of the energy system through micro-grid system
development, and improve the testing and operation of micro-grid systems for institutional
partners as well as new developments. Pilot projects will be undertaken to explore retrofits as
well as new construction in relevant growth areas. These demonstration projects will be used
to test available technologies and develop institutional capacity to deliver micro-grid systems
at larger scales. Initial projects to be undertaken include:

Andhra University Micro-grid – Design and deploy a “smart” micro-grid retrofit at Andhra
University that allows for large-scale solar energy conversion and battery storage. The system
should be sized to offset peak electricity usage, and reduce the university’s emissions
footprint. The project could become a training tool for the engineering school, and would
include educational partnerships focused on monitoring and maintenance. The new grid
would be configured to accept and store on-site renewable energy generation, as well as
connections to currently available distribution lines. The systems will be managed through a
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system connected to the University and
APEPDCL.

Andhra University is scattered over 440 acres of land. The total demand of Andhra University
is around 1MW and the generation of this power can be done through the installation of solar
panels on rooftops and over parking sheds, and by installing solar street lights. A well-
maintained building-management system to adjust temperature, lighting, and other indoor
environment settings, according to time of day, occupancy, season, and room use should also
be implemented. The existing distribution system may be converted to a “smart” distribution
system by shifting from existing switchgears to modern technologies. For example:

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 VII. Energy

Network proposed under

S.N. Existing Network
Smart Grid Module
Outdoor conventional 11/0.415kV Distribution
1 Use of Compact Substations
Substations
2 11kV & 415V overhead lines Underground cabling of 11kV & 415V cables
Use of Ring main units with remote terminal
3 Outdoor 11kV switchgears Unit for communication between other
switchgears.

As seen from site visits, and after discussion with various utility boards, it is understood that
33kV & 11kV lines are currently being laid underground, and the extensive use of ring main
units is being proposed. With all this integration at larger scale may also be possible once the
first module of Smart micro grid is implemented.

“Smart” streetlight poles can also be used in this smart-grid module. Battery storage facilities
should be created in order to house and transfer excess energy to various other consumers.
These poles should house security cameras; poles can also display advertisements, as seen
in figure below.

Figure 1.2 Smart Streetlight Poles

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VII. Energy

Bhogapuram Micro-grid – The proposed project is located in the future airport area, and
unlike the university campus demonstration, would be a Greenfield pilot project. The new grid
would be configured to accept and store on-site solar generation, biomass conversion, and
connections to APEPDCL distribution lines. The biomass plant should accommodate
agricultural byproducts, such as sugar cane, rice husk, woody biomass, cotton stalk, chili
stalk, coal, jute waste, casurina branches, waste dust, groundnut husk, corn cob waste and
dust, leaves, cashew cuttings, and eucalyptus. The proposed capacity of the biomass energy
plant is a 10MW plant. In the initial phase, solar firm capacity is considered 10 MW and can
be increased. The storage battery stores power generated by the solar cells. The generation
and storage systems would be managed through a Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition
(SCADA) system.

Well-integrated building management systems should be utilized to adjust temperature,

lighting, and other indoor environment settings, according to time of day, occupancy, season,
and room use. Investments in state-of-the art electrical transformers and switchgears across
campus, allow APEPDCL energy managers to track energy usage in real time. Smart-grid
implementation would add a new level of sensors and controls to the electrical distribution
systems at the building or equipment level. Benefits of these new features include the following:

Solar Water System Program

Similar to the systems of other cities, the GVMC water system consumes more electricity than
any other user. Simultaneously, the water and sewer systems lack the critical back-up power
supplies needed to rebound quickly following severe weather events or other APEPDCL
power outages. The solar water system program seeks to offset peak energy demands,
reduce the emissions footprint of the water system, limit water losses due to evaporation, and
provide resilient back-up power to the water system. All of these outcomes can be achieved
by overlapping PV solar arrays and battery storage with water system infrastructure. Individual
subprograms and projects include:

Canal Energy Program – The region has hundreds of kilometers of major canals that
connect distant water sources with supply reservoirs throughout the GVMC and other
jurisdictions. These canals are flanked by rough access roads, and in many cases, electricity
transmission infrastructure. The solar canal program seeks to build PV solar arrays over
advantageous canal segments, with the aim of reducing evaporative water losses and building
renewable generation capacity that can be tied to battery storage and grid distribution. The
program could also consider mini-hydropower projects within the canals that use the canal’s
water flow to drive smaller turbines, further increasing the system’s electricity yield. In this

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 VII. Energy

way, water infrastructure can help generate the energy it uses. Additionally, the paths that
follow the canals can be upgraded to better convey slower-speed vehicle, bicycle, and
pedestrian traffic. Solar canals are similar to rooftop solar, in that they are installed over
existing infrastructure, and do not require additional land development or land acquisition,
which is a major factor. They also provide the additional benefit of reducing evaporative
losses, and can help provide the energy needed to pump water throughout the country.

The same can be developed by considering the “thumb rule” of solar energy, which states that
on average, modern photovoltaic (PV) solar panels will produce 8 – 10 watts per square foot
of solar panel area. Thus, if we have a canal area of 1000 meter with average canal width of
15 meter is 15,000m² (161458 feet²), the panels would produce roughly 8 watts per square
foot, or 161,458 square feet x 8 watts/square foot=1,291,664 watts (1,291.664 kW)(1.2MW) of
electric power.

Figure 1.3 Smart Canal Energy Program

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 VII. Energy

Solar Reservoir Program – The regions’ reservoirs also provide the opportunity for cross-sectoral projects that
can have integrated benefits. PV solar arrays can be built to float on the reservoir’s surface, shading the water,
reducing evaporation, and generating clean power, therefore offsetting water system demands and/or providing
back-up power when traditional centralized power is off line. However, floating solar panel installations, also
called “floatovoltaics,” have popped up as a feasible solution.

Unlike land-based solar plants, floating solar power plants are installed on water reservoirs, like dams, lakes, and
rivers, which negate the issue of occupying land. The solar panels are mounted on floating platforms that are
anchored tightly, in order to prevent damage in even the worst weather conditions. Moreover, research suggests
that solar panels installed on land face a reduction in energy yield as the ground heats up and impacts the rear
surface of the solar panel. When placed on top of water, solar panels can cool themselves more efficiently, which
means that they will last longer and produce more energy.

Likewise, the installation of floating solar panels on water bodies is not expected to impact the water bodies’
ecology. Rather, it proves beneficial to the water itself, as solar panels reduce water evaporation and discourage
the growth of the algae, thus helping to preserve water levels during extreme summer conditions.

Building solar arrays over water allows for an installation of significant size, without the need to procure/occupy
private land, and yields the co-benefit of reducing evaporation losses. The program would include installations at
five GVMC reservoirs.

Below are examples of “Floatovoltaics” in India:

a. 10kWp Solar panel in Rajarhat Kolkata, by MNRE

b. 100kWp on Loktak Lake Manipur, by Manipur Renewable Energy Development Agency
c. 50MW Solar project in Kerela under planning by NHPC & Renewable energy college

District Cooling Pilot Program

District cooling is a superior alternative to conventional individual-unit air conditioning, as it reduces capital and
operational costs per dwelling unit, and helps reduce energy consumption while also cutting carbon dioxide
emissions. At present, most large hotels and building complexes utilize conventional heating and cooling systems.
But future developments could capture the advantages of district cooling, using centralized evaporative cooling
systems and/or ground-source or water-source heat exchange. District cooling pilot projects can be publicly or
privately-owned, and can be incorporated into new infill growth areas like Rushikonda, and into projects like the
redevelopment of the RTC complex.

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VII. Energy

Figure 1.4 Canal Existing Condition

EXISTING

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 VII. Energy

Figure 1.5 Solar Water Resilience Program along Canals

Floatovoltaics to limit Canal-side pedestrian, Preservation of hills,

evaporation and generate two- and three-wheelers slopes, drainage areas
renewable solar energy

PROPOSED

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VII. Energy

Figure 1.6 Existing Reservoir Conditions

EXISTING

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 VII. Energy

Figure 1.7 Solar Water Resilience Program at Reservoirs

Elevated dam crest for Water level Water Increase reservoir Floating
additional capacity monitoring quality capacity through photovoltaics
dredging program solar array

PROPOSED

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 Match p. VII-17
VII-16 SMART CITY VIZAG
 Figure 1.8 Summary of Energy Programs
and Projects
Match p. VII-16

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VII. Energy

Summary of Programs and Projects

Capital Investment
Sub-program Project Project description
Program
ƒ Smart Micro-Grid with solar power generation, battery storage, and back-up-grid
connection by APEPDCL, and district cooling for large buildings and hotels.
ƒ The project can be implemented through Public Private Partnership on a DBFOM /
Smart Micro Grid at Andhra concession basis; however, the financial and commercial viability of the project need to
University be further evaluated. Power tariff and related services could be potential revenue
Smart Micro-Grid program streams for the Concessionaire. Considering that AP is a power-surplus state, the
Smart Power grid Pilot
projects financial viability of this project could be further improved if the public-sector sponsor
contributes capital funding to make the project more attractive for private-sector
bidders.
ƒ Smart Micro-Grid with solar power generation, battery storage, and back-up grid
Smart Micro Grid at connection by APEPDCL.
Bhogapuram
ƒ Same as above.
ƒ Solar Panels deployed over canal corridors. Convert paths along water canals at
opportune segments to slower-speed intercity traffic (three-wheelers, two-wheelers).
Solar Panels deployed over ƒ The project can be implemented through public-private partnerships on a DBFOM
Solar energy
canal corridors: 1. Godavari (Design-Build-Finance-Operate-Maintain)/ concession basis. The state of AP has
generation along
River Canal 2. Raiwada successfully entered into an agreement with a private sector developer to develop
significant canals
Reservoir Canal “Solar Parks” on a DBFOM basis. Similar projects are being considered or are under
development by several states in India. AP can leverage this experience to attract
private- sector investment for this project.
Power generation and ƒ Floating solar panels deployed over reservoirs to offset power consumption by the
battery storage at: water system. Battery storage used at each site.
ƒ The project can be implemented through Public Private Partnership on a DBFOM /
Solar water system 1. Madduvalasa, concession basis; however, financial and commercial viability of the project must be
program 2. Madhurawada, further evaluated. Considering that AP is a “power-surplus” state, the financial viability
of this project could be improved further if the public-sector sponsor could contribute
3. Meghadri Gedda, capital funding, in order to make the project more attractive for private-sector bidders.
Solar energy
4. Mudasarlova,
generation at
reservoirs 5. Raiwada,
6. Tadipudi,
7. Thandara,
8. Yeleru reservoirs and
9. K
 anithi Balancing
Reservoir
District cooling systems as ƒ Site to be determined
District cooling on
District cooling part of infill development ƒ The financial and commercial viability of the project would need to be evaluated
large buildings or
demonstration program areas (see urban further, prior to determining the procurement method, and the potential role of the
redevelopments
development component) private sector.

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 X. Resilience Component

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