International Journal of Research and Review

www.ijrrjournal.com E-ISSN: 2349-9788; P-ISSN: 2454-2237

Review Article

A Review on Studies and Research on Crystallization

Sunil J. Kulkarni
Datta Meghe College of Engineering, Airoli, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Received: 14/10/2015 Revised: 29/10/2015 Accepted: 29/10/2015

ABSTRACT

Crystallization is a chemical solid–liquid separation technique. In this, mass transfer of a solute from the
liquid solution to a pure solid crystalline phase occurs. For crystallization, supersaturation and
temperature are two important factors. Crystallization finds major application in food and pharmaceutical
industry. Silicon crystal wafer production, powder salt for food, production of sucrose from sugar beet is
few industrial applications. Many investigators have carried out research on crystal size, growth and
structure, factor affecting crystal growth and other important aspects of crystallization. The present paper
summarizes research carried out on various aspects of crystallization

Key words: supersaturation, temperature crystal growth, morphology.

INTRODUCTION and food industries find wide application of

The mass transfer operations are crystallization. Various investigators have
divided based on the state of the material. carried out investigation on various aspects
These classes of mass transfer are solid of crystallization. The current review
liquid, solid gas, liquid gas, liquid liquid, summarizes research carried out on
gas gas and solid solid. The liquid gas crystallization.
applications include gas absorption,
humidification. Extraction is example of RESEARCH AND STUDIES ON
liquid liquid operation. These two categories CRYSTALLIZATION
are most important and find wide Wellen carried out investigation on
application. Adsorption is solid liquid and effect of polystyrene on poly (Ethylene
solid gas separation. These mass transfer Terephthalate) crystallization. [9] He
operations find wide application in chemical compounded blends of poly (ethylene
industries and wastewater treatment. [1-5] For terephthalate) (PET) and polystyrene (PS)
recovery and regeneration also these unit with PS content ranging from 0% to 60% by
operations are important. In waste gas weight in a laboratory internal mixer,
treatment absorption and adsorption followed by quenching into iced water.
methods are widely used. [6-8] Crystallization Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was
is solid liquid separation based on used for analysis of blend morphology. He
supersaturation of solution. The solution is observed that SEM micrographs showed a
supersaturated by evaporation or cooling or two-phase structure made up with spherical
combination of both. The pharmaceutical PS particles dispersed in a PET matrix. It

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Vol.2; Issue: 10; October 2015
was also found that crystallization of PET McMahon et.al. purified and crystallized
was affected by the heating rate and by the Ranasmurfin, a previously uncharacterized
addition of even small amounts of PS. _13 kDa blue protein found in the nests of
Pisponen et.al. investigated morphological the frog polypedates leucomystax. [14] The
parameters of lactose crystals during analysis indicated the presence of a dimer in
crystallization at low temperatures, using the asymmetric unit. In the fluorescent scan
rapid and extra rapid cooling. [10] They they observed a peak at 9.676 keV,
carried out studies on three temperatures (2, indicating that the protein binds zinc and
6 and 12°C) for crystallization of lactose. suggesting a route for structure solution.
They used pure lactose for reference in their Lawton et.al. carried out an
studies. They observed that Ricotta whey investigation on the continuous
components reduce crystal size, and linked crystallization of a model active
with low crystallization temperature; modify pharmaceutical ingredient (API)using a
the shape of crystals faces. Chung and Ryu continuous oscillatory baffled crystallizer
[15]
analyzed the effect of the addition of Li2O3, (COBC). According to their
TiO2, and Fe2O3 on the crystallization investigation, continuous crystallization
behavior of P2O5–CaO–SiO2–K2O glasses offered significant advantages in terms of
and the effect of the crystallization behavior process, operation and costs. It delivered the
on the roughness and hydrophobicity of the isolation of the model API in just over 12
coated surface. [11] Their investigations min compared to the 9 h and 40 min in a
confirmed that the intensity of the batch process. Rupp et.al. carried out an
diffraction peaks increases at high investigation on crystallization of
temperatures and with increasing Li2O3 amorphous ceria solid solutions. [16] Their
content. It was also observed that the studies were aimed at correlating the self-
increase in surface roughness, correlated to limited grain growth kinetics in ceria solid
the crystallization of the glass frit, increases solutions with the microstructural evolution
hydrophobicity of the surface. Newman during the transformation of the amorphous
et.al. carried out an investigation in order to state to the fully crystallized state. They
combine sparse-matrix screening with found that, in the micrographs, grains with a
systematic screening in a minimum number globular shape without any preferred
of crystallization conditions. [12] They tried orientation as well as amorphous materials
to maximize the coverage of crystallization were visible after spray pyrolysis deposition
parameter space with no redundancy. They and crystallization by heat treatment. An
combined the screening strategy with investigation was carried out on
nanolitre-volume dispensing hardware along crystallization of biological macromolecules
with a small but practical experiment- by Smatanova. [17] His studies were mainly
tracking system. An investigation was focused on properties and crystal structures
carried out by her and Chen, aimed at of proteins. He used stereomicroscope for
studying the crystallization kinetics of the examination of the crystallization trials.
ultrathin a-Si induced by Al under thermal Prasad and Srilalitha carried out research on
annealing and pulsed laser irradiation. [13] crystallization process of Fe78Tm2B20 and
They observed that, under thermal Fe76Tm4B20 alloys. [18] The SEM patterns
annealing, the crystallization temperature indicated that cast samples are amorphous
and activation energy for crystallization of and the samples are completely crystallized
a-Si with a thin Al metal layer reduced to when heated to 10000C. Kaldybayeva
around 340°C and 3.3 eV, respectively. studied aluminums cast iron crystallization.
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Vol.2; Issue: 10; October 2015
[19]
He studied the composition and structure International Journal of Chemical
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Scientific Engineering and Research
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How to cite this article: Kulkarni SJ. A review on studies and research on crystallization. Int J Res
Rev. 2015; 2(10):615-618.

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Vol.2; Issue: 10; October 2015