Direct Determination of Carbonate Reservoir Porosity and Pressure From AVO Inversion SO3.6
Direct Determination of Carbonate Reservoir Porosity and Pressure From AVO Inversion SO3.6
Direct Determination of Carbonate Reservoir Porosity and Pressure From AVO Inversion SO3.6
6
from AVO Inversion
John D. Pigottf RajendraK. Shrestha,Universityof Oklahoma;and RichardA. Warwick,
Oryx EnergyCo.
SUWWARY
1533
2 Porortlyand Pmssum
fromAV0
Bwsrslon
modulus (E). The two equations are: The carbonate example for the test case
is represented by 1985 vintage 18-96 Hz
PHI = 3.4376 - 0.30530 Ln E, (1) vibroseis data from the Hardhman Basin,
and Texas. The relative amplitude processing
Ln 'd = -5.5380 + 14.359PHI + 1.26063 (2) sequence utilized has been previously
described by Pigott et al. (1989).
where P and E are expressed in MPa and PHI Illustrated in Figure 3 is the common
as frac @ional volume. midpoint (CMP) gather 430. Note the trough
In terms of the goodness of fit, for both centered at 1.26 ms which represents the
examples the regressions are statistically acoustic interfacebetweentheMississippian
significan (e.g., for eq. (l), N = 63, tight Chappel Lime (first layer) and the
adjusted r f - 0.829, and p<O.OOOl; for eq. underlying porous oil-bearing Chappel
(2), N = 63, adjusted r2 = 0.751, and Dolomite (second layer). The amplitude
pc0.0001). It should be pointed out that variation with angle (AVA) from the super
other nonlinear regression combinations gather: CUP gathers 429, 430, and 431, is
which include additional elastic moduli graphically shown in Figure 4. Each CMP
(e.g., shear modulus and bulk modulus) gather is separated by 33.53 m (110 ft). The
together with Young's modulus can yield even observed best fit line is a third degree
higher r2 values (Pigott and Shrestha, in polynomial which is used only for
prep.). Yet, as these additional moduli are illustration of the general trend of the
for the most part on1 derivatives of each AVA. At the horizon depth of 2402 m (7880
other, the higher r z! numbers are not a ft), the angle of offset computed according
substantial improvement. The two equations to Ostrander's method (Ostrander, 1984)
described above should be viewed therefore varied between 2.5 and 27.6 degrees.
as being composed of the minimal terms
necessary forpractical seismic application.
PRESSURE(Pa * 10’1
DIFFERENTIAL
ttt+ &>
;++t’
t T+
t
SEISRIC TBST CASE FOR STATISTICAL MODEL ;+ +++*_*
APPLICATIOR
Pigott et al. (1989) z
Previously,
described a minimum squares AVO inversion
technique for the determination of elastic
moduli using Shuey's (1985) simplification
of the Eoeppritz relation. In terms of the
derived Poisson ratio (sigma), density
(rho), V , and V,, Young's modulus can be
simply e$ressed as: FIG. 4. AVA data for supergather 429-431.
Triangles indicate errant points excluded.
B- *rVD2-2V82) [l+siw) (1-2siq.R#&)_ (3) Third degree polynomial best-fit line is
rho shown for illustrative purpose only.
Porosity and Pressure from AVO Inversion 3
1535
4 Porosity and Pressure from AVO lnvsrslon
Moreover, the 17%. error reported here is Hunt, J.M., 1990, Generation and migration
less than the 22% reported for conventional of petroleum from abnormally pressured fluid
geopressure estimates determined from compartments: Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petrol.
stacking seismic velocities (Reynolds, Geol., 74, 1-12.
1970).
These preliminary results encourage us Karman, T. von, 1911, Festigkeitsversuche
to continue to increase and refine our unter allseitigem Druck: Z. Ver. dt. Ing.,
carbonate test data base and furthermore to 55, 1749-1757.
extend our research into elastics using the
Young's modulus technique of AVO inversion Ostrander, W.J., 1984, Plane-wave reflection
to predict reservoir porosity and pressure coefficients for gas sands at non-normal
ahead of the drill bit, angles of incidence: Geophysics, 49, 1637-
1648.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Pickett, G.R., 1963, Acoustic character logs
We thank Enserch Exploration, Inc., for and their applications in formation
making available the reflection seismic, evaluation: J. Petr. Tech., 15, 659-667.
petrophysical, and borehole pressure data,
Seismograph Service for providing Pigott, J.D., Shrestha, R.R., and Warwick,
consistently helpful processing advice, and R.A., 1989, Young's modulus from AVO
Oklahoma Seismic Corporation for donating inversion: Society of Exploration
the MIRA interpretation software. Geophysicists 59th Annual International
Meeting, 2, 832-835.
REFERENCES
Reynolds, E. B., 1970, Predicting
Christensen, N.I., and Wang, H.F., 1985, The overpressured zone with seismic data: World
influence of pore pressure and confining Oil, 171, 78-82.
pressure on dynamic elastic properties of
Berea sandstone: Geophysics, 50, 207-213. Shuey, R.T., 1985, A simplification of the
Zoeppritz equations: Geophysics, 50, 609-
Domenico, S.N., 1984, Rock lithology and 614.
porosity determination from shear and
compressionalwavevelocity: Geophysics, 49,
1188-1195.
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