Critical Thinking Slide

CRITICAL THINKING
BLHC 4032
By
Dr. Rahman Bin Hashim
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, students are able to;
• identify the basic principles of critical and creative
thinking skills to solve daily problems ( A2 , CS3 ) .
• to give feedback on issues related to the development of
critical and creative thinking skills ( P3 , TS4 ) .
• solve case studies on current issues which related to their
field of study ( C3 , CTPS1 ) .
• analyse future market needs and recommend solutions
through products based. ( P4 , CTPS3 )
INTRODUCTION
• Thinking can be easily understood as `anything that happens
in our minds.’
• Critical bring much understanding as simple as deep,

detailed, observe and so on.
• It is also about an understanding of critical in depth.
• It helps people to analyses statements carefully and find

valid evidence before making a decision.
Critical Thinking
Result
Evidence Thinking
Analysis
DEFINITION
• Broad definition: reasonable, reflective thinking

that is focuses on deciding what to believe or do.
• Criteria:
• Evaluative thinking
- Not necessarily negative
- Does not always lead to criticism
- Can lead to positive conclusion
Scholars Definition of Critical Thinking
Beyer (1985) Ability to create concept, reasoning or justification.
Pascarella & Ability to determine various issues which can be

Terenzini (1991, debated, identify relevant issue for discussion, ability to
2005) do inferential and conclusion from information and data
given, and ability to interpret conclusion and evaluate
evidence.
Dewey (1993) Manifestation of reflective thinking i.e. including to
postphone evaluation, to maintain healthy sceptical
thinking, and to apply open thinking.
Marlina & Ability of using mind to evaluate logical ideas,
Shaharom (2007) advantages and disadvantages of certain ideas, and to
justify ideas by using reasonable evidence.
CHANGES OF CT DEFINITION
• It has been changing since a decade ago
• Definition depend on expert from different fields,
such as cognitive psychologist, philosophers,
behaviorally-oriented psychologist and content
specialist
• Each group made significant contribution in
critical thinking understanding
• Cognitive psychology- find the differences
between critical and creative thinking
CONT…
• Philosophy - CT is a process of thinking to a

standard. The process must be guided by belief
and impact of behavior or action
• Behavioral psychology - establish final outcomes
and methodologies to be used by educator
• Content specialist - demonstrate how CT can be
taught in different content areas such as reading,
literature, mathematics and science. It helps
student to grip specific knowledge
PROBLEM WITH DEFINITION
1) labeling that good thinking is critical thinking

(provided by philosophers)
• actually good thinking requires both (ct &
creative)
• found that students were more successful in
problem solving when used techniques
associated with reason and logic as well as
creativity and divergence
2) Confusing that attitudes vs actual thinking
process (eg: feeling vs. reasoning)
• Why good definition of CT is important:
- can be compared to other forms of thinking
- ex- non critical thinking in the form of habitual
thinking, brainstorming, creative thinking, prejudicial
thinking or emotive thinking
• Therefore, the definition of Critical Thinking can be
simplified as `ability to interpret, to identify, to evaluate,
to analyse, to describe, and to apply self-regulation’.
Criteria of Critical Thinker
• Left brain user.

• Using sequence and logic.
• Thinking before giving justification and result.
• Thinking carefully and take into consideration of risks
and effects.
WHY CT IS IMPORTANT ?
• Good thinking is important element of life
success
• Old standard in school cannot be the sole
means to judge the failure or success of
academic
• Might be differentiated from creative thinking
• Need more future research and
implementation studies
CONCEPT OF CRITICAL THINKING
Why need critical thinking?

- during problem solving, its actually generate
a quality thinking
- definition of CT= `mode of thinking’

CRITICAL THINKING DISPOSITIONS
Criteria of critical thinkers:

• Curious about the world; they try to be well informed
• Creative questioners.
• Frequently ask why.
• Use credible sources.
• Take into account the total situation when they
interpret something.
Cont:
• Keep their thinking relevant to the main point.

• Look for alternative explanations.
• Are open minded.
• Hold a stand based on evidence.
• Realize the role of personal judgment and its
biasness.
SIX STEPS OF CRITICAL THINKING
• Acquiring knowledge or information.

• Comprehending or understanding what you read and
hear.
• Applying what you understand to given situations.
• Analysing the information that you understand.
• Synthesing and creatively using what do you understand
and have analysed.
• Critically evaluating what you understand and have
analysed or created.
Student Centered Learning(SCL)
Think-pair-share:
• What is the meaning of critical

thinking?
• In three minutes, share it among
your friends.
References:
• Aziz Yahya, Aida Nasirah Abdullah, Hazmilah Hasan and Raja

Roslan Raja Abd Rahman. (2011). Critical and Creative
Thinking Module 2. Melaka. Penerbit UTeM.
• Buzan, T. (2009). Mind maps for business : revolutionise your

business thinking and practice. New York : Pearson BBC
Active.
• Cotrell, Stella. (2011) Critical thinking skills: developing

effective analysis and argument. Hampshire: Palgrave Mc
Millan.
• Fisher, A. (2011). Critical Thinking: An Introduction.
London: Cambridge University Press.
• Lau, Joe Y. F. (2011). An introduction to critical thinking

and creativity: think more, think better. Hoboken, N. J.:
Wiley
• Moore, Brooke Noel and Parker, Richard. (2012). Critical

thinking. New York, NY: Mc Graw Hill, 2012.
THE END
QUIZ:
1. Critical Thinking can be defined as ………………………………………?
2. List out three criterias of critical thinker?
3. Ali is a curious person and always asks his parents on what is

happening around him. He is considered as a ……………….
4. Which of the following is not a critical thinking disposition or trait?

a) Hold a stand.
b) Be open minded.
c) Disregard alternatives.
d) Look for alternative explanation.

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What are the basic principles of critical thinking according to the text?

What are the basic principles of critical thinking according to the text?

What are some of the definitions of critical thinking provided in the text?

What are some of the definitions of critical thinking provided in the text?

CRITICAL THINKING

• Critical bring much understanding as simple as deep,

• It is also about an understanding of critical in depth.

• It helps people to analyses statements carefully and find

• Broad definition: reasonable, reflective thinking

Beyer (1985) Ability to create concept, reasoning or justification.

Pascarella & Ability to determine various issues which can be

• Philosophy - CT is a process of thinking to a

1) labeling that good thinking is critical thinking

• Left brain user.

Why need critical thinking?

- definition of CT= `mode of thinking’

Criteria of critical thinkers:

• Keep their thinking relevant to the main point.

• Acquiring knowledge or information.

• What is the meaning of critical

• Aziz Yahya, Aida Nasirah Abdullah, Hazmilah Hasan and Raja

• Buzan, T. (2009). Mind maps for business : revolutionise your

• Cotrell, Stella. (2011) Critical thinking skills: developing

• Lau, Joe Y. F. (2011). An introduction to critical thinking

• Moore, Brooke Noel and Parker, Richard. (2012). Critical

1. Critical Thinking can be defined as ………………………………………?

2. List out three criterias of critical thinker?

3. Ali is a curious person and always asks his parents on what is

4. Which of the following is not a critical thinking disposition or trait?

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