TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. LAND USE PLANNING

1. land use planning concepts
2 what is land use planning
3. what is a land use plan
4. objectives of land use planning
5. two division of land use planning
6. land use categories and color coding
7. formulation of the general land use plan
8. environmentally critical areas
Land Use Planning Concepts

Land

Land is viewed as a shared natural resource, much

like air and water found therein, to be conserved
and cared for with due regard for its effect on
society as a whole and for the conditions in which it
will be passed on to future generations.

Land is also viewed as a property - a private

commodity which can be owned, used, bought or
sold for personal comfort and profit.
 Why Plan ?

Land is a finite resource but population continues

to grow year after year requiring more land for housing
and other urban uses, agricultural areas for food
production and more forest for timber production and
watershed protection. Therefore, the need to allocate
land judiciously and discriminately
 Land use planning refers to the rational and judicious
approach of allocating available land resources to
different land using activities, (e.g. agricultural,
residential, industrial) and for different functions
consistent with the overall development vision/goal of a
particular locality.

 It entails the detailed process of determining the location

and area of land required for the implementation of
social and economic development, policies, plans,
programs and projects.

 It is based on consideration of physical planning

standards, development vision, goals and objective,
analysis of actual and potential physical conditions of
land and development constraints and opportunities.

Source: Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board

 Technical aspect- involves determining what
activities(agricultural, construction) a given piece of
land can support without causing damage to the
land itself in order it can be used across many
generations without jeopardizing.

 Political aspect – is concerned with the

commitment of decision makers and politicians to
ensure that there is strict compliance with the plan
and its implementation tools.
 What is a LAND USE PLAN ?

An essential component of the

comprehensive development plan, it
designates the future use or reuse of the land
and the structure built upon the land within a
given jurisdiction’s planning area and the
policies and reasoning used in arriving at the
decisions in the plan

It projects public and private land uses

in accordance with the planned spatial
organization of economic and social activities
and the traffic of goods and people
Objectives of Land Use Planning

1. To promote the efficient utilization, acquisition and

disposition of land as a limited resources;
a. Make sure there is enough for our future generations
to use and enjoy while addressing the needs of the
present times
2. To influence, direct and harmonize decisions and
activities of the public and the private sectors affecting
the use, management and disposition of lands;
Objectives of Land Use Planning

3. Reconcile land use conflicts between and among

individuals and government agencies relating to
present needs and anticipated demands for land;
4. Promote desirable and efficient patterns of land uses
and prevent premature and wasteful development and
minimize the cost of public facilities, services and
infrastructure;
 Objectives of Land Use Planning

5. Protect and preserve valuable agri- cultural areas

consistent with the need to promote industrialization;

6. Maintain ecological balance thru Control of

development in critical areas such as flood plains
and watershed areas;

7. Integrate programs and projects on land resources

development among land development agencies;
 Objectives of Land Use Planning
8. Conserve areas of ecological, aesthetic and
historical values and maintain and protect natural
open areas and areas of significant views;

9. Promote and implement a shelter plan

• Thru Identification of sites suitable for
housing; and

10. Promote an efficient circulation system

 Overview of the Process

 It utilizes the planning methodology which includes:

data gathering, problem identification and situational
analysis; goals / objectives formulation; generation of
alternative spatial strategies; evaluation and selection of
preferred strategy; formulation of the plan; adoption,
review and approval; and implementation and
monitoring

 Source: National Urban Development and Housing

Framework
Two Division of Land Use Planning

 General Land Use Planning – deals primarily with the

non-urban large scale uses such as: croplands, forests,
pasture lands, mining/quarrying areas and swamplands,
with areas occupied by structures treated collectively as
“built –up” areas”

 Urban Land Use Planning – concerned with the

location, intensity and amount of land development
required for the various space-using functions such as
residential, commercial, industrial, institutional,
recreation and other activities found in the urban areas.
 Land Use

o General Land use: o Urban Land uses:

• Residential
Four Major Categories
• Commercial
• Built-up
• Industrial
• Agriculture • Institutional
• Forest • Parks/playgrounds
• Special use • Infrastructure/utilities
• Etc.
LAND USE CATEGORIES AND COLOR CODING
LAND USE CATEGORIES AND COLOR CODING
 Classification of Urban Uses
 Residential-amount of land depends on the of which new
households are formed and on inmigration.

 Commercial areas- category includes all types of

wholesale, retail and service activities serving areas larger
than neighborhoods.

 Included in this category are the ff:

-Major Central Business Districts in urbanized areas
-Minor Central Business District in less urbanized areas
-Highway Service Centers or Commercial Strips such as
highway gas stations, traveler's inn and restaurants
 Institutional Areas- covers the major public and semi-public
uses like educational, cultural, religious, health, protective
and government services

 Industrial uses- includes manufacturing, refining, fabricating,

assembly, storage, parking and other incidental uses
including food processing, cottage industry, sawmills, rice
mills, steel mills, chemical processing plants, etc.
-also included are the proposed industrial estates/subdivision

 Parks/Playgrounds and other Recreational Areas- the space

requirement may be computed with the use of space
standards based on population or area of the municipality or
city
 Open Space- so called “non-functional open spaces” and
includes lands reserved for greenbelts and buffer zones;
and other vacant lands reserved for specific or functional
purposes
Determination of Land Supply for Urban Expansion

Land supply is the land area available within the city/municipality for
urban expansion. Basically, this is left after deducting the areas
considered for protection/preservation and conservation such as the
Network of Protected Agricultural Areas (NPAAs), National Intergrated
Protected Areas System (NIPAs), existing built-up areas, etc.

Formula: Land Supply For Urban Expansion = TLA – (PCA + BU)

Where: TLA = total land area of city/municipality, in hectares

PCA = protection/preservation and conservation areas, in
hectares
BU = built-up areas, in hectares
Example:

Given: Area (Has.)

a. Total Land Area (TLA) of City/Municipality = 50,000

b. Preservation and Conservation Areas (PCA)* = 35,000

b.1 NIPAS (5,000)
b.2 NIPAAs (15,000)
b.3 Environmentally Constrained Areas (5,000)
b.4 Other Environmentally Critical Areas (10,000)
Identified in Pres. Proc. No. 2146

c. Existing Built-up Areas (BU) = 10,000

d. Land Supply For Urban Expansion = a – (b + c)

= 50,000 – (35,000 + 10,000)
= 50,000 – 45,000
= 5,000 Has.
Constraints to Development
-identify different constraints such as soil conditions,
flooding, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and other
natural condition
-mapping guidelines- illustrates the physical obstacles to
development such as subsidence and flooding risk
Land Use Related Problem
 Evaluate the land use related problems such as flooding,
deforestation, conversion of prime agricultural lands,
pollution, incompatible uses, etc.
Factors for Designation of Functional Areas

 The identified population needs and requirement for various

development purposes
 Land requirement in terms of adequacy of land for food production,
settlement expansion, etc.
 The location of the different land use categories as follows:
-agriculture
-forest
-built-up
-tourism
-other land use unique to the city or municipality
 Factors for Designation of Functional Areas

 Recognized need to protect and preserve critical areas for

conservation and preservation

 Development Areas- include croplands (paddy, rice,

coconut, sugar cane, orchard, diversified crops,etc.) and
livestock production (feeding operations, or open grazing);
settlement areas such as growth centers and ethnic
reserves; military reservation and other urban uses which
required relatively large areas like industrial estates and
utilities
 Conservation and Preservation Areas
-maintain the desired ecological balance and area
characteristic
-to protect the integrity of sensitive/critical ecosystem
-to preserve their natural or unique characteristic;
Formulation of the General Land Use Plan

 Land Capability Classification

- indicates the suitability of areas for cultivation according to soil
conservation management requirements. Factors considered in the
identification of land capability classes are soil erosion
potential/flooding and soil condition limitations.

Soil condition includes its characteristics such as droughtiness,

fertility, stoniness, salinity, alkalinity, acidity, depth, presence of
toxic substance, etc.
The degree of limitations ranges from no or slight limitations,
moderate, serious to severe, to very serious or very severe.
 Soil condition
The different land capability classes are as follows:
Class A – very good land; can be cultivated safely, requiring only simple but good farm
management practices.
Class B – good land; can be cultivated safely, require easily applicable conservation
practices.
Class C – moderately good land, must be cultivated with caution; requires careful
management and complex conservation practices.
Class D – fairly good land; must be cultivated with extra caution; requires careful
management and complex conservation practices for safe cultivation. Most suitable for
pasture or forest.
Class L – level to nearly level; too stony or very wet for cultivation; limited to pasture or
forest with careful soil management.
Class M – steep land; very severely eroded; shallow; not for cultivation; limited to pasture
or forest with careful management.
Class X – level land; wet most of the time and cannot be economically drained; suited
for fishpond or recreation.
Class Y – very hilly and mountainous, barren and rugged; should be reserved for
recreation and wildlife or for reforestation.
 Soil Suitability
A soil suitability study shall be conducted to determine
the appropriateness of agricultural lands for specific
crops. At present, the Bureau of Soils and Water
Management has prepared Crop Development and Soil
conservation Planning Guide Maps for various crops.
 Environmentally Critical Areas : Hazards
Land development should consider the limitations posed by these hazards.
These areas include the following:

 Weather and Water  Volcanic Hazards

Related Hazards
- lava flow
- tropical cyclone winds
- airfall
- tropical cyclone rains - pyroclastic flows
- storm surge - lahar
- drought - edifice failure
 Earthquake Induced
Hazards  Erosion
- ground shaking - soil erosion
- ground rupture - river bank erosion
- liquefaction and lateral - coastal wave erosion
spreading
- landslides
- tsunami
 Environmentally Critical Areas

 other Environmentally Critical Areas covered by the Presidential

Proclamation No. 2146
- areas set aside as aesthetic potential tourist spots;
- areas of unique historic, archeological or scientific interest;
- areas which are traditionally occupied by cultural minority communities or
tribes;
- areas classified as prime agricultural lands;
- recharge areas of aquifers;
- water bodies characterized by one or any combination of the following
conditions;
-tapped for domestic purposes
-within the controlled and/or protected areas declared by appropriate
authorities
- support wild life and fishery activities
- coral reef characterized by one or any combination of the ff. conditions:
- with 50% and above live coraline cover
- spawning and nursery grounds for fish
- act as natural breakwater of coastline