Projector

Profile Projector
Presentation
• Profile Projector Definition
Outline
• Profile Projector Applications
• Profile Projector Advantages and Disadvantages
• Profile Projector Components
• Types of measurements
• Types of optical systems
• Profile Projector stepwise procedures
• Conclusion
Profile Projector Definition
• An Profile Projector (often simply called a optical
comparator in context) is a device that applies the
principles of optics to the inspection of manufactured
parts.
• In a comparator, the magnified silhouette of a part is

projected upon the screen, and the dimensions and
geometry of the part are measured against prescribed
limits.
Profile Projector Definition (cont.)
• The idea of using profile projector, which is created by
James Hartness and Russell W. Porter, came from mixing
optics and measurement in a device.
• The use of the term comparator for metrological equipment,

had existed in other forms prior to Hartness's work; but
they had remained in realms of pure science (such as
telescopy and microscopy) and highly specialized applied
science (such as comparing master measuring standards).
Profile Projector Applications
• Hartness's comparator, intended for the routine inspection of
machined parts, was a natural next step in the era during which
applied science became widely integrated into industrial
production.
• It’s also employed for inspecting and comparing very small and
complex parts, which play very significant role in system’s
structure, as an application of quality.
Profile Projector Advantages
• Profile Projector can reveal imperfections such as burrs,
scratches, indentations or undesirable chamfers which both
micrometers or calipers can’t reveal.
• They’re able to measure in 2-D space. Unlike micrometers and

calipers, which measure one dimension at a time, where
comparators measure length and width simultaneously.
Profile Projector Advantages (cont.)
• Measuring Length and Width
• "Points in Space" Measurement
• Cost savings:
▪ Optical comparators save time. Ease-of-use factors and
ergonomic designs reduce the inspection time, retraining
costs and operator fatigue, all while increasing throughput.
▪ Custom hard gages are subject to wear and need frequent

recertification, which takes them out of service and adds an
additional cost.
▪ Dimensioning techniques designed to give more leeway to parts
in relation to their true functional purpose, such as profile
tolerancing and true-position tolerancing with bonuses, reduce
the reject rate of good parts that might have passed had their
tolerances been assigned differently.
Profile Projector Disadvantage
▪ The limitation of using profile projector as a fixed device forms
a disadvantage of it, while instruments such micrometer or
calipers can be used to reach for measuring far and joint
accessible components and it is large and bulky and usually
require a cart to transport from place to place, also the device
requires power for operation.
▪.
Profile Projector Components
(cont.)
(cont.)
(cont.)
Types of measurements
❑Measurement by comparison: Part images could be
compared to rulers and protractors placed across the
screen.
▪ Eventually, these measuring tools were incorporated into

precise glass overlay screens, commonly called "chart
gages." The most common chart gage is the tool room
chart. It can measure angles, radii, lengths and widths.
Types of measurements (cont.)
❑Standard chart gages, such as toolroom
charts or custom chart gages with
minimum and maximum tolerance
zones, can be used as go/no-go gages
for quick inspection.
❑using chart gages this way on an optical

comparator is still one of the fastest and
most cost-effective methods of
measuring profile dimensions.
• Such dedicated charts are
being replaced by
electronically generated chart
gages, which allows the
possibility of fast and
automatic measuring process,
thus more economic
performance.
Using Chart Gauges for Go/No-Go
Gauging
• Measurement by screen rotation: rotating the screen to measure angles.
▪ Vernier or digital scales are provided to the screen to measure the
angle measurements when rotating the screen ring.
• Measurement by motion: worktables are incorporated into the
optical competitors to track parts' positions as they move.
▪ There are two main advantages

1. the need for a large screen and corresponding large system is
eliminated.
2. Comparators can operate in CNC mode that significantly

increases productivity and accuracy and reduces operator
subjectivity.
Types of optical systems
• Simple optics: It incorporates a light source, a magnification lens, a
main reflecting mirror and a screen. Machines with this design
display images that are both upside-down and reversed.
• Corrected optics: This system uses two internal mirrors to flip the
image so that it's displayed right-side-up, but it's reversed on the
horizontal axis.
• Fully corrected system: which displays images that are both erect
and unreversed.
Profile Projector stepwise
procedures
1. Switch on the optical profile projector.
2. Place the clean work piece on the glass of the table.
3. Focus it properly by moving focusing wheel and moving
the work table to obtain correct magnified image of the
object.
4. Horizontal (x axis) measurement can be taken by right
hand side micrometer and the vertical measurement can be
taken from front side micrometer.
Profile Projector stepwise
procedures
Conclusion
• Optical comparators are used to measure manufactured
parts in a wide range of industries around the world every
day. Available with numerous features and options to suit
many applications, comparators can be used throughout a
factory, including incoming inspection areas, R&D labs,
machine shops, assembly and production floors, and final
inspection areas. Their versatility, range of capabilities and
return on investment make comparators indispensable and
integral to any quality plan.

Projector

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Profile Projector

• In a comparator, the magnified silhouette of a part is

• The use of the term comparator for metrological equipment,

• They’re able to measure in 2-D space. Unlike micrometers and

▪ Custom hard gages are subject to wear and need frequent

▪ Eventually, these measuring tools were incorporated into

❑using chart gages this way on an optical

▪ There are two main advantages

2. Comparators can operate in CNC mode that significantly

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