Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 136 views

    Chemistry PPT 1507

    Uploaded by

    Sunil Sharma
    Haloalkanes and haloarenes are organic compounds where a halogen atom is directly bonded to a carbon atom. Haloalkanes, also called alkyl halides, have the general formula CnH2n+1X, where X is a halogen such as F, Br, Cl, or I. They can be classified based on the number of halogen atoms as monohalides, dihalides, trihalides, or tetrahalides. Haloalkanes exhibit chain and position isomerism and, if a chiral carbon is present, optical isomerism as well. However, they do not show functional isomerism, metamerism, tautomerism, or geometrical

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Chemistry PPT 1507

    Uploaded by

    Sunil Sharma
    136 views1 page
    Haloalkanes and haloarenes are organic compounds where a halogen atom is directly bonded to a carbon atom. Haloalkanes, also called alkyl halides, have the general formula CnH2n+1X, where X is a halogen such as F, Br, Cl, or I. They can be classified based on the number of halogen atoms as monohalides, dihalides, trihalides, or tetrahalides. Haloalkanes exhibit chain and position isomerism and, if a chiral carbon is present, optical isomerism as well. However, they do not show functional isomerism, metamerism, tautomerism, or geometrical

    Original Description:

    Original Title

    chemistry ppt 1507

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Haloalkanes and haloarenes are organic compounds where a halogen atom is directly bonded to a carbon atom. Haloalkanes, also called alkyl halides, have the general formula CnH2n+1X, where X is a halogen such as F, Br, Cl, or I. They can be classified based on the number of halogen atoms as monohalides, dihalides, trihalides, or tetrahalides. Haloalkanes exhibit chain and position isomerism and, if a chiral carbon is present, optical isomerism as well. However, they do not show functional isomerism, metamerism, tautomerism, or geometrical

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    136 views1 page

    Chemistry PPT 1507

    Uploaded by

    Sunil Sharma
    Haloalkanes and haloarenes are organic compounds where a halogen atom is directly bonded to a carbon atom. Haloalkanes, also called alkyl halides, have the general formula CnH2n+1X, where X is a halogen such as F, Br, Cl, or I. They can be classified based on the number of halogen atoms as monohalides, dihalides, trihalides, or tetrahalides. Haloalkanes exhibit chain and position isomerism and, if a chiral carbon is present, optical isomerism as well. However, they do not show functional isomerism, metamerism, tautomerism, or geometrical

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 1

    Haloalkanes and haloarenes

    Organic compounds in which halogen atom is directly linked with carbon atom.
    Haloalkanes are also called as alkyl halides.
    General formula of haloalkanes is CnH2n+1X, (X = F, Br, Cl, I).
    The carbon that bears functional group (halogen atom) is sp3 hybridised in alkyl halides.
    In these compounds, geometry of carbon is tetrahedral.
    Central carbon atom has a bond angle of 109°28’.

    On the basis of number of halogen atom(s), haloalkanes are:


    (i) Monohalides – They possess only one halogen atom; e.g., CH3Cl, CH3CH2Br, etc.
    (ii) Dihalides – They possess two halogen atoms. These are of following three types:
    geminal dihalide, vicinal dihalide, and a, w or terminal dihalide.
    (iii) Trihalides – They possess three halogen atoms; e.g., CHCl3, CHI3, etc.
    (iv) Tetrahalides – They possess four halogen atoms; e.g., CCl4, etc.

    Alkyl halide shows chain and position isomerism. If unsymmetrical or chiral carbon is
    present, then it shows optical isomerism also.
    Alkyl halides do not show functional isomerism, metamerism, tautomerism, and geometrical
    isomerism.

    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Haloaikanes


    • Colourless with sweet smelling oily liquid. However, CH3F, CH3Cl, CH3Br,
    CH3CH2F, CH3CH2Cl are gaseous in nature.
    • Although carbon–halogen bond is polar in nature, alkyl halides are partially soluble in H2O.
    • Alkyl halides are completely soluble in organic solvents.
    • Boiling point μ molecular weight

    • Chloroform is colourless and pleasant smelling liquid while iodoform is yellow crystalline solid.
    • Chloroform is used as an anaesthetic agent.
    • Iodoform is more reactive than chloroform due to large size of iodine atom.
    CHI3 + AgNO3 Æ AgI (yellow ppt)

    CHCl3 + AgNO3 → No white ppt of AgCl


    • Carbon tetrachloride is colourless liquid and used as fire extinguisher under the trade name pyrene.
    • Chloroform is kept in dark coloured bottles to avoid the following oxidation reaction.
    • Polarity order is RF > RCl > RBr > RI
    • Reactivity order is RI > RBr > RCl > RF
    • For same halide group, the reactivity order is 3∞ halide > 2∞ halide > 1∞ halide
    • Fluorides and chlorides are lighter than water whereas bromides and iodides are heavier than H2O due to
    more
    density of bromine than oxygen. CH2I2 is heavier liquid after Hg.
    • All haloalkanes burn on copper wire with green flame (BELESTEIN TEST for halogens)

    Aliphatic nucleophilic substitution

    You might also like