Captive Product Pricing PDF
Captive Product Pricing PDF
Captive Product Pricing PDF
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Abstract- In this research, the impact of activity-based customers to a large number of suppliers, companies of
costing on captive product pricing strategies has been the age of e-business has faced very serious challenges
investigated. For a thorough examination, the important in terms of remaining in competition and even
indicators of the impact of activity-based costing, which maintaining its market share. [2] believes that Internet
have been mentioned in most studies, have been used and
supply chain service providers are good examples of
also some examples of research have been reviewed to
achieve the ultimate goal of the research. With regard to middleware e-commerce in the new era. The growing
the use of activity based costing (ABC), and also taking demand for high-speed Internet by users, on the one
into account the notion of compulsory pricing strategy, it hand, and the efforts of Internet supply chain service
can be concluded that secondary services in Internet providers to provide new ways to reach users on the
supply chain services companies, despite the compulsion Internet, promise long-term continuity of Internet
or dependence of the customer on secondary services and supply chain service providers and their customers. But
paying its fixed price, these pricing services are in tight despite the fact that these companies are leading the
competition among Internet supply chain service way in providing new services to customers, their
providers, and activity-based costing can help in better
downfall is much higher than other industries, which is
pricing and lead to competitive pricing for secondary
services. one of the competitive pricing grounds for fixed costs
for customers. In this research, the impact of activity-
Keywords: Internet supply chain Service, Activity Based based costing on the pricing strategy is compulsory. To
Costing, ABC, Captive Product Pricing better check out the important impact indicators of
activity-based costing that have been used in most
studies, as well as a few examples of research to reach
1. Introduction the ultimate goal of the study, have been reviewed.
______________________________________________________________
International Journal of Supply Chain Management
IJSCM, ISSN: 2050-7399 (Online), 2051-3771 (Print)
Copyright © ExcelingTech Pub, UK (http://excelingtech.co.uk/)
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Int. J Sup. Chain. Mgt Vol. 8, No. 1, February 2019
5. Activity Based Costing (ABC) System function-based cost-based pricing of product or service
price estimates.
In the ABC system, causing a causal relationship
between the activities required to provide services and
the amount of resources used, the cost of doing 7. Applying pricing based on activity in
activities is determined. In this approach, services, pricing
activities are consumed and activities are allocated 7.1. Integration of activities
resources, so that these costs are allocated to activities, Activities are a work or set of tasks that are performed
then allocate the costs assigned to the activities based for the output, and each set of activities ultimately
on the use of resources. (Figure 1). In fact, activity- forms part of a cost item. Some of the features of the
based costing is the way in which the cost of services activity are:
or products is taken as the sum of the costs of activities - Similar activities that may take place in multiple work
that are performed on their behalf [10] in terms of areas. - All human resources in the organization can be
allocating costs to the ABC system, activity As new classified as activities. - Activities usually have
items, costs are identified and classified, and overhead measurable outputs. - Activities can use human
costs are assigned to activities based on defined bases resources and inhumanity [14]. In the production and
called "cost drivers", then activities are considered as trading of any activity that is performed in order to
research areas and The costs assigned to them (cost produce, distribute and provide services and has a
areas) are assigned to the final cost target (curriculum repetitive nature in performing the above tasks, it is
units or training courses). Therefore, in this system, in called work or work [13]. In a manufacturing plant
addition to allocating direct costs to its own activities, with an organization, the number of activities is so high
it increases the accuracy of the allocation of indirect that the use of a separate activity stimulus for each
costs (overhead costs) [11], [12] In terms of the process activity is not economically feasible. In order to
in the ABC system, designing Costs are emphasized by overcome this problem, it was necessary to integrate a
the continuous improvement process. In this way, number of activities in each repository. Of course, it
identification of activities with value added and should be noted that with the increase in the number of
activities without value is emphasized and attempts to integrated activities, the ability to stimulate activity
eliminate activities without value added [11], [12]. will be reduced in the allocation of the correct cost of
resources spent on activities. The definition of
activities varies according to how they are used. In
6. Implementation of activity-based other words, the details of the activities should be
costing system models defined at a level where decision makers can use their
needs to analyze their needs. In strategic management,
Identifying product costs in activity-based costing is in costs are defined at a higher level, so that operations
fact the beginning of the work, and the information cover one or more parts.
obtained only identifies the actual recovery On the other hand, if the researchers want to examine
opportunities. After explaining the theoretical the goods and services offered at a more detailed level,
foundations, the structure and design of the activity- they should define the activities in more detail. In the
based costing system should be implemented. To cost reduction approach, the definition of activities will
implement this system there are two main models: be of great importance in analyzes. In this case,
Integration model and dedicated model (HV). emphasis on activity-based analysis will emphasize the
improvement of the efficiency of business processes
and the definition of the set of activities. To this end,
6.1. Integration model the definition of activities should be carried out at a
This model is applicable for a variety of applications level that allows understanding the shortcomings as
such as pricing, operational excellence, business and well as achieving the necessary methods to make the
business improvement. The goals set in these models necessary improvements. At this level of activities, it
are one year or more than a year and are more general should be used at a lower level than other levels of
and long-term. These models require senior managers' activity-based analysis. Other factors affecting the level
support and can be helped by performing methods such of activity definition are the different needs of different
as separating tasks, reducing conflicts, team parts of the organization. The activities of parts of the
participation, etc. organization that deal with customers with high
transaction volumes or are constantly engaging in
complex negotiations with their customers are less
6.2. Exclusive model standardized than organizational units with specific
This model requires less time, staff and less strategic daily tasks and activities and should be at higher levels
concepts, and is used for specific cost-based activity- It should also be noted that the definition of activities
based applications. This model does not require some provided must be clear and vague than ambiguity [14].
senior management's support, such as rewards, and
decisions are made at the middle and lower levels of
the organization [13]. We have followed up the
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Int. J Sup. Chain. Mgt Vol. 8, No. 1, February 2019
7.2. Cost of activities report the delivered inventory requires consideration of the
This step indicates that the combination used to report following:
the resources used by each activity is done. For
example, the cost of the resources consumed by the - When it comes to delivering the product to the
two integrated activities can be reported separately customer.
with the accumulated. Choosing the type of report of - Special delivery requirements for any type of
the resources consumed through each activity do not product
affect the reported costs for the product and only the - Is delivery part of the delivery stage with a
details of the report will be affected. special delivery for a customer?
- The amount of product delivered
- Number of deliveries
7.3. Identification of activity centers - Product Weight Delivered - Truck Load
The activity center is part of a separate production Capacity
process (or a support area) that the management wishes - Distance to customer
to report separately on the cost of the activities
performed. Product costs that are reported through the This activity may have several factors, each of which
system are not affected by the selection and selection is a reflection of one or more of the above factors, there
of the activity boundaries of the product and its only are no specific factors that are better than the other.
effect on how the product costs reporting. The ability [17] state that the regression methods used to
to report costs in terms of the activity center provides determine the cost factor are appropriate, but in most
better control over the activities of managers [15]. firms, previous observations of agents cannot be
extracted for all potential activity factors and
regression only serves the limited conditions.
7.4. Selection of system resource drivers
Activity-based costing allocates resource costs to the
cost repository in each activity center. Each cost 8. Conclusion
repository represents an activity (or a combination of
activities carried out at the center). The resource Based on the results of this study, the type of Internet
drivers used to allocate costs to the cost repository supply chain service in service companies is largely
determines the allocations allocated to each repository identifiable by the use of activity-based costing, and in
as well as the cost of the expenditure [15] The choice the provision of various services of these companies,
of the stimulus depends on two actions: first, it can the stability of the procedure can be present at a
measure the consumption of resources in the product relatively favorable level [19]. The research revealed
for a number of activities, and, secondly, it is related to that it is possible to identify the activities performed in
the changes in the activity center (the cause-and-effect each company to a satisfactory level and the amount of
relationship) [16]. documentation in the company can be effective in
costing. By applying various cost-based activity
models, as well as combining activities, the cost of the
7.5. Selection of activity stimuli finished product was reduced and the cost reduced.
Cost drivers are the characteristic of an event or Another point is the captive service pricing. With
activity that results in cost incurred [13]. This stage is regard to the review of the use of the activity-based
the last stage of design and after allocating the cost of costing system and also the concept derived from the
the resources consumed by the activities carried out in Captive Product Pricing Strategy, it can be concluded
each center to the repository, the cost of the activities that secondary services in Internet supply chain service
can be determined by the stimuli of activity. In companies, despite the compulsion Or customer
traditional systems, cost drivers were considered to be dependence on secondary services and payment of its
related to volumes, such as output, and direct labor cost, these services are priced in the tight competition
hours, and they were considered as the only cost- among the Internet supply chain service providers, and
trigger factors, but in the activity-based costing activity-based costing can help in better calculating the
method, cost-related activity incentives also had Are price and causing To provide competitive prices for
important. Selection of activity stimuli is the most secondary services [18].
important part of the design of the activity-based
costing system, and for this purpose the number and
type of stimuli used must be determined. The
definitions of the agents of activity are compounded by
the fact that many activities can achieve more than one
activity. This is due to looking at a potential factor in
the perspective of time, diversity, and cost savings
from scale, categories, weight, capacity, and distance.
For example, the definition of the operating agent for
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Int. J Sup. Chain. Mgt Vol. 8, No. 1, February 2019