Astm F558 - 13
Astm F558 - 13
Astm F558 - 13
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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3.1.16 unit, n—a single vacuum cleaner of the model being eter 63°F (17.2°C) as prescribed in Specification E1. As an
tested. alternative, thermometers S63F or S63C, as prescribed in
Specification E2251, may be used. In addition, thermometric
4. Significance and Use devices such as resistance temperature detectors (RTDs),
4.1 The test results allow the comparison of the maximum thermistors or thermocouples of equal or better accuracy may
potential air power available for cleaning tasks when tested be used.
under the conditions of this test method. The test results do not 5.8 Psychrometer—Thermometers graduated in 0.2 °F (0.1
indicate the actual air power present during the cleaning °C).
process due to the effects of the various tools in use and 5.9 Voltage-Regulator System, to control the input voltage
surfaces being cleaned. During the nozzle on plenum chamber to the vacuum cleaner. The regulator system shall be capable of
air performance testing, the brushroll is unloaded and this maintaining the vacuum cleaner’s rated voltage 61 % and
condition is not representative of the brushroll being in contact rated frequency having a wave form that is essentially sinusoi-
with carpet or other surfaces being cleaned. dal with 3 % maximum harmonic distortion for the duration of
5. Apparatus the test.
8.3.5 The interface between the adapter and the test vacuum
cleaner’s nozzle is to be airtight. This may be achieved by any
convenient means.
8.3.6 If the vacuum cleaner incorporates edge cleaning slots
along the side edge(s), or slots along the front and rear edge of
the bottom plate, or both, these slots should be sealed by any
convenient means such as clay, tape, and so forth.
8.3.7 Do not eliminate leaks resulting from test vacuum
FIG. 3 Schematic for Air Performance Test cleaner’s construction, except at the adapter/nozzle interface as
described above.
8.3.8 An example of an adapter is shown in Fig. 4. This
8.3.4 It is recommended that the hole for the adapter/ adapter uses a closed-cell foam gasket material or molded low
plenum chamber interface be located as close, if not directly durometer urethane material shaped to fit the contour of the test
below, the dirt pickup duct for the test vacuum cleaner’s cleaner’s nozzle opening with sufficient surface area for
nozzle. sealing.
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8.3.12 The test vacuum cleaner, when mounted to the following it with the next smaller orifice plate. Use the
plenum chamber, should be set on the plenum chamber/adapter following orifice plates: 2.000, 1.500, 1.250, 1.000, 0.875,
in the user position. If needed, the test vacuum cleaner’s rear 0.750, 0.625, 0.500, 0.375, 0.250, and 0 in. (50.8, 38.1, 31.7,
wheels should be supported to keep the cleaner’s foot parallel 25.4, 22.2, 19.0, 15.8, 12.7, 9.5, and 6.3 mm). The following
with the plenum chamber’s surface. optional orifice plates may also be used: 2.500, 2.250, 1.750,
8.3.13 For test cleaners incorporating a pivoting handle, 1.375, and 1.125 in. (63.5, 57.2, 44.5, 34.9, and 28.6 mm).
support the test vacuum cleaner’s handle at 31.5 in. above the
8.4.5 For each orifice plate, record the suction, h, and input
nozzle/adapter surface.
power, P, in that order. All readings should be taken within 10
8.3.14 For those vacuum cleaners which have a non-
s of the orifice insertion. Allow the vacuum cleaner to operate
pivoting handle, support the test vacuum cleaner’s handle at a
at the open orifice for 1 to 2 min before inserting the next
height such that the cleaner’s nozzle is parallel to the surface of
orifice.
the nozzle adapter.
8.3.15 Secure the test vacuum cleaner to the plenum cham- 8.4.5.1 Read the suction to the nearest graduation of the
ber to prevent the test vacuum from possibly moving and instrument. Readings should be taken as soon as the manom-
breaking the airtight seal during the test. eter reaches a true peak. (When using a fluid type manometer,
8.3.16 If the vacuum cleaner has a brush roll or other the liquid level may peak, drop, and peak again. The second
mechanism for agitating the floor surface during cleaning, it peak is the true peak reading. A person conducting the test for
shall be activated for the duration of the test. the first time shall observe at least one run before recording
data. See Specification F431 for instructions on how to
8.4 Test Procedure: minimize the overshoot (first peak) of the liquid level).
8.4.1 Any automatic bleed valve which affects the air
performance of the vacuum cleaner shall not be defeated. 9. Calculation
8.4.2 Operate the vacuum cleaner with no orifice plate
inserted in the plenum chamber inlet at nameplate rated voltage 9.1 Correction of Data to Standard Conditions:
61 % and frequency 61 Hz prior to the start of the test run to 9.1.1 Air Density Ratio—The density ratio, Dr, is the ratio of
allow the unit to reach its normal operating temperature. For the air density at the time of test ρtest, to the standard air
vacuum cleaners with dual nameplate voltage ratings, conduct density, ρstd = 0.075 lb/ft3 (1.2014 kg/m3). It is used to correct
testing at the highest voltage. Do this before each test run. the vacuum and wattage readings to standard conditions. Find
expressed in watts, is the wattmeter reading, P, times the 2.500 (63.5) 0.5660r20.59024
K1 5
r21.0400
correction factor, Cp, as follows:
A
P s 5 C pP (5)
B t s 0.4912d 2 h s 0.03607d
9.1.3.1 For series universal motors the correction factor, Cp, r5
B t s 0.4912d
is calculated as follows:
where:
C p 5 110.5~ 1 2 D r ! (6) Bt = test station pressure at time of test, in. of mercury, and
h = uncorrected suction (manometer reading), in. of water.
9.1.3.2 This test method does not have any formulas avail-
able for correcting input power for any other types of motor
(permanent magnet, induction, etc.) TABLE 2 Repeatability and Reproducibility
9.2 Corrected Airflow—Calculate the corrected airflow, Q,
expressed in cubic feet per minute (see Note 4 and Appendix Test Type Coefficient of Repeatability Coefficient of Reproducibility
Variation, Limit, Variation, Limit,
X2) as follows: CV %r r CV %R R
where:
Q = corrected flow, cfm,
D = orifice diameter, in., NOTE 4—For the corrected airflow expressed in liters per second, use
K1 = constant (dimensionless), orifice flow coefficients for the following equation:
orifices in the plenum chamber. See Table 1 for values =h s
Q 5 10.309 D 2 K 1
for each orifice. See Ref (1) for the derivation of these
flow coefficients. where:
hs = corrected suction, in. of water. Q = corrected flow, L/s,
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(Mandatory Information)
A1.1 The following, second degree polynomial equation, is A1.3 Setting the derivative of Eq A1.1 equal to zero and
assumed to provide the best mathematical approximation of the solving for X will determine the value of Xm where Y is at its
air power versus airflow relationship. maximum value f(Ymax) as follows:
NOTE A1.1—See Ref (4) for additional information.
dy d
Y 5 A 1 1A 2 X1A 3 X 2 (A1.1) 5
dx dx 1
@ A 1A 2 X1A 3 X 2 # 5 0 (A1.5)
where: dy
Y = air power (AP), 5 A 2 12A 3 X 5 0
dx
X = airflow (Q), and Substitute Xm as the value of X at Ymax and solve for Xm:
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use the air power and airflow values from the five largest R512 (A1.8)
orifices. ( ~Y i OBS 2 Y OBS! 2
where:
A1.2 To determine the values of A1, A 2, and A3, use the X Y i CAL 5 A 1 1A 2 X i OBS 1A 3 X 2 i OBS (A1.9)
and Y values obtained from the five specified orifices and solve and:
the following set of normalized equations:
1
(Y i ( X 1A ( X
5 NA1 1A 2 i 3 i
2
(A1.2)
Y OBS 5
N (Y i OBS (A1.10)
(XY i i 5 A1 ( X 1A ( X 1A ( X
i 2 i
2
3 i
3
(A1.3) and:
i = 1 to N orifices used in 8.2,
(X Y i
2
i 5 A1 ( X 1A ( X 1A ( X
i
2
2 i
3
3 i
4
(A1.4)
OBS = observed data,
where: CAL = calculated data, and
N = 5 (number of orifices selected), Yi OBS = is the air power (AP) obtained from the calculations
i = 1 to N, and in 9.3 for the corresponding value X i OBS (airflow,
Xi and Yi = the values obtained during testing (X1Y1, X2Y2, Q) at any of the N orifices selected.
. . . XNYN) at the five orifices specified in A1.4.1 If R is not greater than or equal to 0.900, the test
A1.1.1.
must be performed again and the new set of data shall be used.
A2.1 Theory: the true mean of the population, µ, lies within 5 % of the
A2.1.1 The most common and ordinarily the best estimate calculated mean, x̄, of the sample taken from the population as
of the population mean, µ, is simply the arithmetic mean, x̄, of stated in Section 6.
the individual scores (measurements) of the units comprising a A2.1.2 The following procedure provides a confidence in-
sample taken from the population. The average score of these terval about the sample mean which is expected to bracket µ,
units will seldom be exactly the same as the population mean; the true population mean, 100(1-α) % of the time where α is the
however, it is expected to be fairly close so that in using the chance of being wrong. Therefore, 1-α is the probability or
following procedure it can be stated with 90 % confidence that level of confidence of being correct.
! n
n
(X
i51
2
i 2 S( D
i51
n
Xi
2
CIU 5 x̄1ts/ =n (A2.4) A2.2.6 Compute ts/ =n for the sample and compare it to the
value to A.
CIL 5 x̄ 2 ts/ =n (A2.5)
A2.2.7 If the value of ts/ =n.A, an additional unit from the
population shall be selected and tested, and the computations
of steps A2.2.2-A2.2.6 repeated.
TABLE A2.1 Percentiles of the t Distribution A2.2.8 If the value of ts/ =n,A, the desired 90 % confi-
df t0.95 dence level has been obtained. The value of the final x̄ may be
1 6.314 used as the best estimate of the air power rating for the
2 2.920
3 2.353
population.
4 2.132
5 2.015 A2.3 Example —The following data is chosen to illustrate
6 1.943 how the attachment hose value of air power for the population
7 1.895 of a vacuum cleaner model is derived. The measured test
8 1.860
9 1.833 results from three test runs on each unit are required to have a
10 1.812 repeatability limit not exceeding 6.132 as indicated in Section
11 1.796 11.
12 1.782
13 1.771 A2.3.1 Select three test units from the vacuum cleaner
14 1.761
15 1.753 model population. A minimum of three test runs shall be
performed using each test unit.
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A2.3.9
where:
s = 3.426.
A2.3.10
A 5 0.05 ~ 85.5! 5 4.276 (A2.10)
Test Run No. 3 = 82.1 A2.3.13 Since 5.777 > 4.276, the requirement that ts/ =n
A2.3.3 Maximum spread = 83.4 – 77.4 = 6 ,A has not been met because s is large. Therefore, an
6 additional test unit from the population shall be tested.
% difference 5 maximum spread/maximum score 5 5 7.2 %
83.4 A2.3.14 Score of Test Unit No. 4 = 84.5.
(A2.6)
A2.3.15
This value is greater than the repeatability limit required in
x̄ 5 1/ 4 ~ 81.7188.3186.6184.5! 5 85.3 (A2.13)
Section 11. The results shall be discarded and three additional
test runs performed. A2.3.16
5 Œ 2 2 2 2
4 @ ~ 81.7! 1 ~ 88.3! 1 ~ 86.6! 1 ~ 84.5! # 2 @ 81.7188.3186.6184.5#
4 ~4 2 1!
2
A2.3.19
t 0.95 statistic 5 2.353
(A2.14)
ts/ =n 5 2.353 ~ 2.845! / =4 5 3.347 (A2.17)
where:
s = 2.845. A2.3.20 3.347 < 4.264 (meets requirements)
A2.3.17 A2.3.21 Thus, the value of x̄, 85.3, represents the air power
score for the vacuum cleaner model tested and may be used as
A 5 0.05 ~ 85.3! 5 4.264 (A2.15) the best estimate of the air power rating for the population
A2.3.18 mean.
APPENDIXES
(Nonmandatory Information)
70.7261 Bt 2 e
ρa 5 3
Dr = density ratio, which is the air density at time of test 53.34 ~ T d 1459.7!
divided by the standard density, dimensionless, X1.2.3 ρv Calculation:
R = gas constant, = 1545/MW, ft/°R,
MWa = molecular weight of dry air = 28.9644, 1545 1545 53.34
R5 5 5 (X1.3)
Mwv = molecular weight of water vapor = 18.016 or 0.622 MW v 0.622~ MWa ! 0.622
MWa,
V = specific volume of fluid = 1/[ρ], lb/ft3, b ~ water vapor portion! 5 e
ρstd = standard air density = 0.075 lb/ft3,
70.7261 0.622e
ρtest = density of moisture-laden air, lb/ft3, ρ 5 3
ρa = density of dry air portion of moisture-laden air,
v
53.34 ~ T d 1459.7!
lb/ft3, X1.2.4 ρtest Calculation:
ρv = density of water vapor portion of moisture laden air, ρ test 5 ρ a 1ρ v (X1.4)
lb/ft3,
= density of mercury at 32°F = 848.713 lb/ft3,
ρm
P = absolute pressure of gas, lb/ft2, 5
70.7261
53.34
3 S
~ B t 2 e ! 10.622 e
T d 1459.7 D
b = absolute pressure of gas, in. of mercury,
Bt = test station pressure at time of test, in. of mercury, 1.32595 ~ B t 2 0.378 e !
T = absolute temperature,° R, 5
T d 1459.7
Td = dry-bulb temperature,° F,
Tw = wet-bulb temperature,° F, X1.2.5
svp = saturated vapor pressure at wet-bulb temperature, ρ test ρ test
D 5 5 (X1.5)
inch of mercury, and r
ρ std 0.075
e = partial vapor pressure at test condition, in. of
mercury. 17.68 ~ B t 2 0.378 e !
5
T d 1459.7
X1.2 Derivation X1.2.6
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X2.1 From Ref (3), p. 54, eq. (1-5-36): K = orifice flow coefficient, dimensionless,
d = orifice diameter, in., and
Q 1 5 0.099702
~ CYd 2 F a !
~ =1 2 β 4
!
Œ hs
ρ std
(X2.1) hs = differential pressure at standard conditions, in. of water.
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β = d/D, dimensionless, X2.3.1 Thus the orifice flow coefficient, K, and the expan-
d = orifice diameter, in., sion factor, of X2.2 are different for the plenum chamber
D = diameter of pipe upstream, in., specified in Specification F431.
hs = differential pressure at standard conditions in. H2O,
X2.3.2 For the plenum chamber specified in Specification
and
F431, the combination of the orifice flow coefficient K, and the
ρstd = air density at standard conditions, 0.075 lb/ft3.
expansion factor, Y, were empirically determined as a singular,
X2.1.1 This equation determines the rate of gas flow in a orifice flow coefficient K1.
pipe system, and measured with a venturi tube, a flow nozzle,
or an orifice plate measuring device mounted in the pipe. X2.3.3 The value of K1 will vary for each of the orifice
plates identified in Section 9.
X2.1.2 The equation (1-5-36) from Ref (3), page 54, uses
the symbol ρ1 instead of ρstd for the air density at standard X2.4 Replacing K and Y in the equation of X2.2 with K1
conditions, q1 instead of Q1 for flow rate at standard air density results in:
and temperature, and hs instead of hw for differential pressure at
standard conditions. The symbols ρ1, q1, and hw were changed Q 5 21.844 K 1 d 2 = h s (X2.3)
to ρstd, Q1 and hs respectively as a matter of consistency within where:
this standard and clarity. (ρ1 = ρstd, hs = hw, Q1 = q1).
Q = flow rate at standard, air density and temperature, cfm,
X2.2 Converting to ft3/min flow rate, substituting 0.075 for K 1 = orifice flow coefficient for the Specification F431
the value of ρstd substituting K for CFa / =12B 4 and simplify- plenum chamber, dimensionless,
d = orifice diameter, in., and
ing:
hs = differential pressure at standard conditions, in. of
Q 5 21.844KYd2 =h (X2.2) water.
s
33000 ft lb where:
1 watt 5 (X3.3)
745.7 min AP = air power, W,
hs = differential pressure at standard conditions, in. of
X3.3 For an air stream passing through a given orifice size: water, and
X3.3.1 The force is given by the following equation: Q = flow rate at standard air density and temperature, cfm.
1 X3.4.1 This is the equation used to calculate the air power
F5 p h sA (X3.4)
12 in 9.3.
X4.1 Dry-bulb temperature, TD = 68°F. X4.8 Water column height = ρ0/ρwater/(12)3 = 14.69595
(1728)/62.3205 = 407.4829 in. H2O at 68°F.
X4.2 Atmospheric pressure = 14.69595 psi.
X4.9 To convert inches of mercury at 32°F to pounds force
X4.3 Relative humidity (approximate) = 30 %.
per square inch, multiply by 14.69595/29.921 = 0.491153 (use
X4.4 Density of mercury at 32°F (Note X4.1), (ρHs) = 0.4912).
848.71312 lb/ft3. X4.10 To convert inches of water at 68°F to pounds force
X4.5 Density of water at 68°F, (ρwater) = 62.3205 lb/ft 3 per square inch, multiply by 14.69595/407.4839 = 0.03606511
(use 0.03607).
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X4.6 Density of air at 68°F, 30 % relative humidity, ρ0 = NOTE X4.1—Mercury barometer readings are to be corrected to 32°F.
0.075 lb/ft3. See Kent’s Mechanical Engineers Handbook.
X4.7 Barometer reading, B0 = ρ0/ρ Hg/(12)3 = 14.69595 X4.11 All constants are from AMCA Standard 210-85 and
(1728)/848.71312 = 29.9213 in. Hg at 32°F (Note X4.1). Refs (3) and (4).
NOTE X6.1—These equations are the results of substituting the r equation into the Table 1, K1 , equations.
0.020109h10.018665B t 0.020621h10.004764B
0.250 (6.3) K1 5 1.250 (31.7) K1 5
t
0.03607h10.022988B t 0.03607h10.007466B t
0.020029h10.009873B t 0.020488h10.007172B
0.375 (9.5) K1 5 1.375 (34.9) K1 5
t
0.03607h10.012918B t 0.03607h10.011543B t
0.0205382h10.004519B t 0.020628h10.004961B
0.500 (12.7) K1 5 1.500 (38.1) K1 5
t
0.03607h10.00678B t 0.03607h10.008104B t
0.020531h10.003684B t 0.020542h10.007073B
0.625 (15.8) K1 5 1.750 (44.5) K1 5
t
0.03607h10.005108B t 0.03607h10.011543B t
0.020614h10.004519B t 0.020765h10.004715B
0.750 (19) K1 5 2.000 (50.8) K1 5
t
0.03607h10.006778B t 0.03607h10.0077118B t
0.020704h10.004961B t 0.020592h10.008301B
0.875 (22.2) K1 5 2.250 (57.2) K1 5
t
0.03607h10.0077609B t 0.03607h10.013704B t
0.020513h10.004813B t 0.020416h10.011907B
1.000 (25.4) K1 5 2.500 (63.5) K1 5
t
0.03607h10.00717152B t 0.03607h10.019648B t
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X7.1 This example shows the calculations of air density for Bt = 29.10 in. Hg
two different test locations at two different elevations and the Tw = 61.0 °F
results of the maximum air power calculations. Td = 70.0 °F
X7.2 This example attempts to show the importance of X7.4.1 The test station pressure, Bt, or absolute barometric
using the test station pressure or absolute barometric pressure pressure was measured with a mercury barometer. The actual
in the calculations of the air density instead of the equivalent reading of the barometer was adjusted for latitude and tem-
mean sea level value of the absolute barometric pressure. perature per the mercury barometers instruction manual.
X7.2.1 Air density or the weight of the air per unit volume X7.4.2 The test laboratory also recorded the equivalent
at a particular test location is influenced by the local weather mean sea level barometric pressure value. This value was
conditions, the test locations height above sea level, the obtained from their local airport. It was 29.50 inHg and
heating, cooling and ventilation system of the test facility, etc. represented what the barometric pressure would be at 0 ft
X7.2.1.1 In general, air density decreases as the elevation elevation not at the test laboratories elevation of 355 ft.
increases. The amount of the atmosphere above the test X7.5 The air density ratio, Dr, was computed using the
location decreases as elevation increases; thus the weight of the values in X7.4 because these were the ambient conditions at
air above the test location decreases resulting in a lower air the test location at the time of the test. Dr was calculated as
density. follows:
X7.2.1.2 Air density is effected by the amount of moisture
17.68(29.10) – 0.001978(61.0)2 + 0.1064(61.0)
within the air. Water vapor adds weight to the air. Dr =
+ 0.0024575(29.10)(70.0 – 61.0) – 2.741
(70.0 + 459.7)
X7.3 For this example, a vacuum cleaner having the char-
acteristics shown in Table X7.1 at standard air density condi- Dr = 0.9657
tions in accordance with 3.1.4 shall be used. X7.6 Using the value for Dr, the suction correction factor Cs
X7.3.1 The calculated maximum air power for this unit is and the input power correction factor, Cp were calculated as
152 air watts. shown below:
X7.3.2 It will be assumed that this cleaner performs per- C s 5 110.667~ 1 2 D r ! C p 5 110.5~ 1 2 D r ! (X7.1)
fectly each time it is used (that is, no motor performance
variations, the hose is laid out the exact same way for each test C s 5 110.667~ 1 2 0.9657! C p 5 110.5~ 1 2 0.9657!
etc.)
C s 5 1.0229 C p 5 1.0172
TEST LOCATION 1: LOW ELEVATION
X7.7 These correction factors were then used to compute
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X7.4 In Harrisburg, PA, an independent test laboratory the corrected suction hs and the corrected input power Ps. In
located 355 ft above sea level measured the maximum air addition the airflow and air watt values were calculated for
power of the vacuum cleaner described in X7.3 per Specifica- each orifice plate. The results are shown in Table X7.2.
tion F558. At the test location and test time, the laboratory X7.7.1 The following calculations show an example of how
measured the test station pressure, Bt, the wet bulb the corrected suction, hs, correct input power, Ps airflow, Q, and
temperature, Tw, and the dry bulb temperature, Td. Their values
were recorded as follows:
TABLE X7.2
TABLE X7.1 Measured Data Corrected Data (Date at Standard Conditions)
Orifice Input Input Air Power,
Orifice Input Power, Suction, hs Airflow, Q Air Power, AP Suction Suction, hs Airflow, Q
Diameter Power Power, Ps AP (air
Diameter (in.) Ps (watts) (in. H2O) (cfm) (air watts) (in. H2O) (in. H2O) (cfm)
(in.) (watts) (watts) watts)
2.500 768 1.70 107.2 21.4 2.500 755 1.66 768 1.6980 107.1341 21.3483
2.000 766 3.80 101.9 45.5 2.000 753 3.71 766 3.7949 101.8055 45.3390
1.750 761 6.00 97.7 68.8 1.750 748 5.87 761 6.0044 97.7049 68.8465
1.500 757 9.40 88.7 97.9 1.500 744 9.19 757 9.4004 88.6998 97.8511
1.375 750 11.70 83.6 114.8 1.375 737 11.44 750 11.7019 83.6217 114.8346
1.250 742 14.30 76.4 128.3 1.250 729 13.98 742 14.3000 76.3714 128.1638
1.125 731 17.70 68.7 142.8 1.125 719 17.3 731 17.6960 68.8672 143.0164
1.000 716 21.50 60.1 151.7 1.000 704 21.02 716 21.5012 59.8448 151.0033
0.875 693 25.70 49.8 150.3 0.875 681 25.12 693 25.6950 49.7649 150.0619
0.750 666 30.40 39.7 141.7 0.750 655 29.72 666 30.4003 39.7197 141.7041
0.625 637 35.20 29.6 122.3 0.625 626 34.41 637 35.1977 29.6375 122.4203
0.500 603 40.20 20.1 94.9 0.500 593 39.3 603 40.1996 20.1266 94.9488
0.375 566 44.50 12.2 63.7 0.375 556 43.5 566 44.4958 12.2060 63.7367
0.250 538 47.00 5.9 32.6 0.250 529 45.95 538 47.0019 5.9030 32.5601
0.000 519 49.30 0.0 0.0 0.000 510 48.2 519 49.3034 0.0000 0.0000
h s 5 30.4003
X7.8.2 It is also worth noting that had the test laboratory
actually tested the vacuum cleaner under the 29.50 inHg
X7.7.1.2 The corrected input power was calculated as fol- barometric pressure, the measured suction and input power
lows: values would have been slightly different for the vacuum
P s 5 C pP (X7.3) cleaner.
temperature, Tw, and the dry bulb temperature, Td. Their values
0.5715r 2 0.5807
K 1 , for 0.750 in. orifice 5 were recorded as follows:
r 2 1.0138
Bt=24.86 in. Hg
B t ~ 0.4912! 2 h ~ 0.03607! Tw=64.0°F
r5 Td=80.0°F
B t ~ 0.4912!
X7.10.1 The test station pressure, Bt, or absolute barometric
D 5 0.750 B t 5 29.10
pressure was measured with an aneroid barometer. The actual
h 5 29.95 h 5 30.40 reading of this particular aneroid barometer gave the absolute
s
barometric pressure value and did not need any adjustments. It
Solving for r: was noted in the instruction manual that this barometer had
29.10~ 0.4912! 2 29.95~ 0.03607! temperature compensation built into it.
r5 5 0.9244 (X7.5)
29.10~ 0.4912!
X7.11 The test laboratory also recorded the equivalent mean
Solving for K1: sea level barometric pressure value. This value was obtained
0.5715~ 0.9244! 2 0.5807 from a digital weather station within their laboratory that had
K1 5
~ 0.9244! 2 1.0138
5 0.5862 (X7.6) been originally set up to report the mean sea level equivalent
barometric pressure to coincide with local weather reports. The
Solving for Q: value was 28.64 inHg and represented what the barometric
pressure would be at 0 ft elevation not at the test laboratories
Q 5 21.844~ 0.750! 2 ~ 0.5862! =30.40 5 39.7197 (X7.7)
elevation of 3700 ft.
X7.7.1.4 For the air power the calculations were as follows:
X7.12 The air density ratio, Dr, was computed using the
AP 5 0.117354 Qhs (X7.8) values in X7.10 as follows:
AP 5 0.117354 ~ 39.7197!~ 30.4003! 17.68(24.86) – 0.001978(64.0)2
Dr = + 0.1064(64.0) + 0.0024575(24.86)(80.0 – 64.0) –
2.741
AP 5 141.7041 (80.0 + 459.7)
X7.7.2 The calculations shown in X7.7.2 were made for
Dr = 0.8087
each of the various orifice plates sizes used in the test.
X7.7.3 The maximum air power was calculated in accor- X7.13 Repeating the same calculation in X7.6 and X7.7
dance with the procedure outlined in Appendix X1 and found using the density ratio Dr from X7.12, the results are shown in
to be 152 air watts. This is in agreement with the vacuum Table X7.3.
cleaners characteristics described in X7.3. X7.13.1 The air power was calculated to be 152 air watts.
X7.8 Had the independent laboratory incorrectly computed X7.14 Had the independent laboratory incorrectly computed
the maximum air power using the equivalent mean sea level the maximum air power using the equivalent mean sea level
value of barometric pressure (rather than absolute), the incor- value of barometric pressure (rather than absolute), the incor-
rectly calculated maximum air power would have been 150 air rectly calculated maximum air power would have been 136 air
watts. (Based on incorrect air density ratio Dr = 0.9790; using watts. (Based on incorrect air density ratio Dr = 0.9328; using
Bt = 29.50, Tw = 61.0°F, and Td = 71.0°F). Bt = 28.64, Tw = 64.0°F, and Td = 80.0°F).
REFERENCES
(1) “Calibration of ASTM Plenum Chamber,” Whirlpool Corp., 3/31/76. (4) “Fan Engineering,” Buffalo Forge Co., 1970.
(2) ASHRAE Guide and Data Book-Handbook of Fundamentals, Ameri- (5) AGA-ASME Committee Report on Orifice Coefficients, 1935.
can Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning (6) “Simplified Air Density Correction of Vacuum Cleaner Performance
Engineers, 345 E. 47th St., New York, NY 10017. Data,” A. L. Sebok, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
(3) ASME Fluid Meters Theory and Application , 6th Ed., 1971, American Transactions, Vol IGA-6 January/February, 1970, pp. 88-94.
Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 E. 47th St., New York, NY
10017.
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