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 WORKSHEET NO. 1

DEALING WITH PRESENTATION MISHAPS

You have been invited to speak before a group of faculty. You are a good speaker but due to numerous
speaking engagements, you were not able to attend to the details of the event. You arrived at the venue
and found out that there were more people than you expected and you only brought a few handouts.
Moreover, you brought the wrong flash drive which does not contain your slide presentation. How are
you going to handle such situation?

APPLYING FOR A JOB

The application process usually begins with a job advertisement that is made available through various
forms such as newspaper advertisements, radio and/or television broadcasts, and social media posts, as
well as through job placement offices in business and educational institutions.

To apply for a job, an applicant must carefully read the job advertisement to determine if the job
description matches his/her interests, needs, and qualifications. These advertisements list certain
requirements that applicants must prepare and submit. Usually, the requirements are: application letter
(or form), recommendation letters, school records, and other supporting documents. After all the
requirements are collected and submitted to the employers, depending on the nature of the job, paper-
and-pen tests may be scheduled. Finally, a job interview is arranged.

The job interview is a vital component of the job application process. Documentary requirements, which
are the written components of the job application, do not give a complete picture the applicant. Test
results are not totally reliable in providing all the information employers need. Thus, employers arrange
to interview job applicants to determine whether or not the latter possess the qualities expected by the
company or organization. It is important that applicants prepare themselves well.

Cover Letter and Resume

The first two documentary requirements in applying for a job are the:

(1) Cover/Application Letter

It is a letter you write to a prospective employer to persuade him/her to give you a job.

It is formatted like a business letter.

 (2) Resume

It highlights the applicant’s key qualifications such as the professional background, educational
attainment, awards and eligibilities.

The Job Interview

If the employer or hiring personnel like the overall picture presented by a cover letter and resume, they
will want a closer picture.

Job interviews can vary from structured or formal with a set of specific questions to unstructured with
more freewheeling conversation. Among several other types of interviews, the following are the most
common:

(1) Traditional one-on-one interview

The candidate is interviewed by one person.

(2) The panel interview

 The candidate is interviewed by a group or panel

(3) The group interview

The candidate is interviewed along with fellow candidates

(4) The stress interview

The candidate is asked a series of difficult and intimidating questions to see how he/she handles stress

Before the Interview

(1) Have the right mindset.

(2) Research about the company you would like to work for.
(3) Know the typical questions asked.
(4) Know what questions are illegal.
(5) Prepare your own questions (and practice answering them).

During the Interview

(1) Arrive early and present yourself well.

(2) Smile, make frequent eye contact, and control your body movements.
(3) Be clear.
(4) Wait for the interviewer to officially signal the end of the interview.

Watch this short video clip on how to prepare for a job interview at
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=how+to+prepare+for+a+job+interview.

WORKSHEET NO. 2

PREPARING YOUR COVER LETTER AND RESUME

Supposing you’re applying for a job. Prepare a cover letter citing your intention in applying for that
position. Attach your resume highlighting your qualifications.

COMMUNICATING IN THE WORKPLACE

Communication is an integral part of our everyday lives. We have already discussed that early on this
semester. You also know that communication, especially in the workplace scenario, does not only mean
through verbal mode, but also written.

Business Letters are a common form of writing in any organization. The traditional parts of a business
letter are:

(1) Heading

(a) Conventional Heading includes the address of the writer and date when the letter is written.
(b) Modern Heading uses the company’s stationery which bears the company’s logo, address,
telephone number, and other information. The date when the letter is written is simply
indicated.

(2) Inside address indicates the name of the recipient of the letter, his/her designation/position in a
company or organization, and the company’s address.

If the recipient has no business or company affiliation, the letter writer merely indicates the
recipient’s address.
 (3) Greeting/Salutation
(4) Body normally has three paragraphs, the first of which provides the reason for writing. The second
paragraph gives more specific details about the information provided in the first paragraph while
the last paragraph emphasizes the reason for writing and expresses gratitude to the reader for
taking time out to read/review the letter.

(5) Complimentary close

(6) Signature

Another communication material is the memorandum. It can be shortened or abbreviated by calling it a

memo, which in Latin means “it must be remembered.” It is usually issued and disseminated by those
occupying mid-level positions and up in an organization. It is written to serve as a reminder to one’s
constituents who need to do or act upon something.

As in any form of writing, when writing a memo, one should organize his/her thoughts very well. The first
part should contain the most important information. The succeeding parts may discuss in specific terms
what has been indicated in the first part of the memo. The conclusion should also be clear so that the
readers will know what to do after reading it. Note that an effective memorandum is one that is written
in a powerful manner so that the readers will be convinced to act upon it. Address the memorandum only
to those who are concerned. Review the memo before releasing it especially if it contains confidential
information. Remember that memos, just like any form of writing, can serve as a permanent record in any
office or organization.
A third important communication material is the minutes of the meeting. Organizations, institutions,
agencies, and even smaller units or offices hold meetings from time to time. It is important that things
discussed in the meeting are documented so that you can always refer to them when issues arise in the
future. It is possible that any clarification on matters that have been previously addressed are found in
the minutes of meetings held in the past. Thus, it is important that records are kept properly. Soft and
hard copies are highly recommended.
When the company you work for wants to venture into a project with another organization, you may be
asked to write a business proposal. The purpose of a business proposal is to attract clients or secure
support from possible investors or organizations. You may also write one for your own use if you are a
freelancer. Generally, proposals have the same template. Because there are numerous competing
companies nowadays, it is important that you produce a well-written proposal so that you will have an
edge over the others. Your goal is having the proposal approved by your prospective client so do your best
to attain that objective.
A good proposal cannot be prepared overnight. If you are targeting a client, research about it exhaustively.
Know how it operates. Design a method by which you can outshine other competitors who also wish to
submit a proposal on the same ground.

Business proposals generally have three major parts: the problem statement, the proposed solution, and
the costing or pricing. Make sure that you begin with the Executive Summary which highlights what you
or your company is all about, the services it provides, and how it differs from the others. This should be
your selling point. Think of an added value that you or your company can offer that will make it outdo the
other organizations of the same nature.

After the Executive Summary, proceed to the problem statement or what your prospective client is
encountering. The client should be convinced that you perfectly understand the situation that it is in. This
should be followed by the proposed solution which explains how you can address or resolve the concern/s
besetting the client. You should then offer a sound method by which you will address the problem, spelling
out the step-by-step procedure that you will employ to carry out your plan effectively. Make sure your
timetable is realistic.
The last major part of is the costing. You need to state the price of the services you will render if given the
chance. It is all up to you and your company if you want a one-time payment on a staggered basis
depending on the nature of the project.

Finally, there are no hard and fast rules as regards to the length of the proposal. What is more important
is that it is complete with the information needed including those that your prospective client may ask
for. Your proposal should be accompanied by a cover letter and should begin with a Title Page with your
name/name of the company indicated, the company to whom the proposal is being submitted, as well as
the date when it is submitted.

WORKSHEET NO. 3
COMMUNICATING IN THE WORKPLACE

Elaborate on the following statement: “Communication is the key to achieving our goals.”
Think of a situation or problem (related to your major) in which communication was critically important.
Explain the following:
1. How will communication correct the situation or problem?
2. How important is communication in your jobs?
3. What is the role of communication in assessing both the root of the problem and the solution to
it?

SOURCES:

Uychoco, MTA and Santos, ML (2017). Communication for Society: Purposive Communication. Manila: Rex
Bookstore.

Madrunio, MR and Martin, IP (2018). Purposive Communication: Using English in Multilingual Contexts.
Quezon City: C&E Publishing.

Magan, RG et. al. (2018). Purposive Communication in the 21st Century. Manila: Mindshapers Co., Inc.
COMMUNICATION FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES

Academic Writing

Academic writing refers to a style of expression that researchers use to define the intellectual boundaries
of their disciplines and specific areas of expertise. Characteristics of academic writing include a formal
tone, use of the third-person rather than first-person perspective (usually), a clear focus on the research
problem under investigation, and precise word choice. Like specialist languages adopted in other
professions, such as, law or medicine, academic writing is designed to convey agreed meaning about
complex ideas or concepts for a group of scholarly experts.

Many people, students included, believed that academic writing means “sounding like a research paper,”
which they associate with “highfaluting” or jargon-filled language, a stiff style and the absence of the
writer’s voice or opinion, and boring and rehashed topics. These are common misconceptions. In truth,
the label “academic” refers to a student’s informed, scholarly, and insightful contribution to ongoing
discussions of relevant topics or issues. Thus, it is important to clear such misconceptions about academic
writing.

The very definition of jargon is language specific to a particular sub-group of people. Therefore, in modern
university life, jargon represents the specific language and meaning assigned to words and phrases specific
to a discipline or area of study. For example, the idea of being rational may hold the same general meaning
in both political science and psychology, but its application to understanding and explaining phenomena
within the research domain of each discipline may have subtle differences based upon how scholars in
that discipline apply the concept to the theories and practice of their work.

Writing is a privilege. It takes one to wonder how much depth and breadth can be felt with words
drenched in ink and print. One’s skill in writing transcends many form of discipline. It signals for
completeness of thought and purpose that irons out concerns for humanity.

In conducting a research, it is not enough to know what the problem is. What comes after is the tedious
process of reviewing related articles. It is important to note that writing to explain a phenomenon is not
writing without a bigger goal in mind, that is, convincing people that the phenomenon is real and it can
be solved.

The Research Process

Research is defined as a process of scientific thinking that leads to the discovery of or establishment of
new knowledge or truth. It is not a subjective expression of ideas or opinions. It entails an investigation of
facts new to you, leading to the discovery of new ideas, new methods, or new improvements.

The Rationale of the Research

A rationale is one of the requirements in writing a research project. It is a written statement of the
reasons and justifications why a research is conducted. A rationale is specifically designed to inform
readers on the impact of the whole study.

A rationale mentions a striking statement or a general knowledge about the topic, what has been
done before and how the study differs, statistics or prevailing situationer, researcher’s competency,
no lifting of statements from references except for the first paragraph.

Tips in Writing the Rationale

(1) Identify what you want to write in your rationale.

(2) State the importance and significance of your study.
(3) Identify the specific respondents of your study.
(4) State whether your study will be done individually, by pair, or by group.
(5) Formulate questions for rationale statement and answer them.
(6) Explain what you want to do in your research.
(7) Write the benefits of your study.
(8) Discuss the problems and solutions in your study.
(9) Explain what methods will be utilized in your study.
(10)Cite any relevant sources to support your rationale, and to assure your reader.
The Research Methodology

The research methodology is the systematic process of collecting information and data for the
purpose of investigating and analyzing a phenomenon, condition or a problem hence provide
solutions and suggest improvement when necessary.

It is a logical procedure that involves:

(1) Identifying the research respondents

Those who will be answering survey questions.

(2) Participants

Those who will be observed, audio/video recorded or subjected to certain stimulus/treatment,

answer interviews and participate in focus group discussion

(3) Sources of data

Documents for analysis

(4) Locale of the study

Where the study is conducted

(5) Data gathering

The manner as to how the data will be exactly collected

(6) Treatment of Data

Transcribing, tallying/tabulating, coding, interpreting and analyzing of data

It is incumbent on the researcher to clearly define the target population. There are so strict
rules to follow, and the researcher must rely on logic and judgment. The population is defined
in keeping with the objectives of the study.

Sometimes, the entire population will be sufficiently small, and the researcher can include the
entire population in the study. This type of research is called a census study because data is
gathered on every member of the population.

Usually, when the population is too large for the researcher to attempt to survey all of its
members. A small, but carefully chosen sample can be used to represent the population. The
sample reflects the characteristics of the population from which it is drawn.

Sampling methods are classified as either:

(1) Probability

It includes:

(a) Random Sampling

Each member of the population has an equal and known chance of being selected.
However, if the population is too large, it may be difficult to select the sample so this
somehow becomes biased.

(b) Systematic Sampling (Nth name selection)

It is frequently used to select a specified number of records from a computer file.

(c) Stratified Sampling

 It is commonly used in probability method that is superior to random sampling because
it reduces sampling error. A stratum is a subset of the population that share at least
one common characteristic.

The researcher first needs to identify the relevant stratums and their actual
representation in the population.

It is also often used when one or more of the stratums in the population have a low
incidence relative to the other stratums.

(2) Nonprobability

(a) Convenience Sampling

It is used in exploratory research where the researcher is interested in getting an

inexpensive approximation of the truth.
It is also often used during preliminary research efforts to get a gross estimate of the
results, without incurring the cost or time required to select a random sample.

(b) Judgment Sampling

The researcher selects the sample based on judgment. When using this method, the
researcher must be confident that the chosen sample is truly representative of the
entire population.

(c) Quota Sampling

The researcher identifies the stratums and their proportions as they are represented in
the population.

(d) Snowball Sampling

It is a special nonprobability method used when the desired sample characteristic is

rare. It may be extremely difficult or cost prohibitive to locate respondents in these
situations. It relies on referrals from initial subjects to generate additional subjects.

Academic Integrity

Allison Kirk explains that academic integrity is the moral code or ethnical policy of academia. This includes
values such as avoidance of cheating or plagiarism; maintenance of academic standards, honesty rigor in
research and academic publishing.

Forms of Academic Dishonesty

Academic dishonesty is any type of cheating that occurs in relation to a formal academic exercise.
Below are the forms of academic dishonesty:

(1) Plagiarism

The adoption or reproduction of ideas or words or statements of another person without due
acknowledgement.

(2) Fabrication

The falsification of data, information, or citations in any formal academic exercise.

(3) Cheating

Any attempt to give or obtain assistance in a formal academic exercise (like an examination)
without due acknowledgment.
 (4) Sabotage

Acting to prevent others from completing their work. This included cutting pages out of library
books or disrupting the experiments of others.

Acting to prevent others from completing their work. This includes cutting pages out of library
books or disrupting the experiments of others.

WORKSHEET NO. 4
RESEARCH WRITING
Write an essay (about 3-5 paragraphs) about any topic of your choice, something that is related to your
course. Research about the topic and cite your sources. It should be your original manuscript.

SOURCES:

Organizing Your Social Sciences Research Paper. Retrieved from:

https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/academicwriting

Uychoco, MTA and Santos, ML (2017). Communication for Society: Purposive Communication. Manila: Rex
Bookstore.

Magan, RG et. al. (2018). Purposive Communication in the 21st Century. Manila: Mindshapers Co., Inc.