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Revision15 : Improvement
Date : 6 Septemberin Food Resources
2019 www.rava.org.in

CHAPTER 15
Previous Years Chapterwise Question Bank
CLASS : 9 th
SUB : Science
For Objective Questions and NCERT Solutions
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Improvement in Food Resources

ONE MARK QUESTIONS 9. What is mariculture?

Ans :
The culture of marine fish in sea water is called
1. Name any two fodder crops. mariculture.
Ans : Download All PDF files from www.rava.org.in.
Berseem and sudan grass are raised as food for the
livestock, called fodder crops. 10. What are macro-nutrients?
Ans :
2. What do you understand by photoperiod of sunlight?
The nutrients required by plants in larger quantity is
Ans : called macro-nutrients. They are nitrogen, phosphorus,
Photoperiod are related to the duration of sunlight potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulphur.
required for plant growth.
11. Name the nutrients that plant obtains from air and
3. Name two kharif crops. water.
Ans : Ans :

Paddy and soyabean. Air - Carbon and oxygen

Water - Hydrogen and oxygen
4. Name two rabi crops.
12. State the difference between compost and vermi-
Ans :
compost.
Wheat and gram. Ans :
The compost is obtained by decomposition of organic
5. Define hybridisation.
waste like animal excreta, plant waste, etc. naturally
Ans : due to decomposition by bacteria.
Hybridisation refers to crossing between genetically Vermi-compost : Red-worms are added to organic
dissimilar plants, to obtain better variety of crops. matter in the process of decomposition to obtain
compost to fasten. This will fasten the process.
6. What are genetically modified crops?
Ans : 13. Name any two weeds.
Ans :
A gene with required characters can introduce into a
crop for its improvement is called genetically modified Parthenium and Xanthium.
crop.
14. What causes disease in plants?
7. “Shorter the duration of the crop from sowing to Ans :
harvesting, the more economical is the variety.” Give It is caused by pathogens such as bacteria, fungi and
reason for this. viruses.
Ans :
Farmers can grow more crops in a year due to short 15. Name two Indian cattle.
duration of crop growth, and reduce the cost of crop Ans :
production.
Bos indicus - cows
Bos bubalis - buffaloes
8. Name different types of crop production practices
involved in India.
16. How does Bos indicus differ from Bos bubalis?
Ans :
Ans :
They are (a) no cost production, (b) low cost
Bos indicus is a cow while Bos bubalis is a buffalo.
production and (c) high cost production.

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17. Name two types of food required for milch animals. 28. Which one broilers or layers mature earlier?
Ans : Ans :
Maintenance requirement - food required to keep Broilers have fast growth rate.
animal healthy.
Milk producing requirement - food required for 29. What type of shelter is provided to broiler and layers?
increased lactation animal food includes roughage and Ans :
concentrate also.
Broilers do not require much space and lighting.
18. State the meaning of capture fishing and culture
fishing. 30. Why should weeds be constantly removed from
cultivated fields?
Ans :
Ans :
Capture fishing : It is done from natural resources.
Culture fishing : It is done by fish farming. Weeds take up nutrients and reduce the growth of the
crop.
19. Name four marine fish varieties.
31. Write four methods of weed control.
Ans :
Ans :
Pomphret, mackerel, tuna and sardines.
Spraying weedicide, mechanical removal, sowing of
crops, intercropping and crop rotation also help in
20. What is apiculture?
weed-control.
Ans :
Keeping bee for obtaining honey commercially is Add 89056 29969 in Your Class Whatsapp Group to Get All PDF Files.
called apiculture.
32. State one demerit with composite fish culture system.
21. Name the products obtained from apiculture. Ans :
Ans : Fish breed only during monsoon and lack of availability
Honey and wax both are obtained from apiculture. of good quality seeds.

22. What is meant by bee-keeping? 33. State one importance of photoperiod in agriculture.
Ans : Ans :

Rearing of bees for the production of honey on a large Photoperiod in agriculture provide adequate light for
scale is called bee-rearing. flowering.

23. From where do plants get nutrients? 34. Name one micronutrient and one macronutrient which
plants take from the soil.
Ans :
Ans :
Air, water and soil provides nutrients to plants.
Macronutrients are : Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg)
and Micronutrients are : Boron (B), Chlorine (Cl).
24. Differentiate between milch and draught animals.
Ans :
35. What is Pisciculture?
Milk producing animals are called mulch animals. Ans :
Animals used for farm labour are called draught
animals. The production and management of fish is called
Pisciculture.
25. Name two exotic breeds of cattle.
36. What are the harmful effects of fertilizer?
Ans :
Ans :
Jersey and Brown Swiss
Continuous use of fertilizer can cause of soil and water
pollution and also destroy soil fertility.
26. What are weeds? Give example.
Ans :
37. How does Bombay duck differ from common carp?
Unwanted plants growing with main crops are called Ans :
weeds. Example : Xanthium, Parthenium, Cyperinus
Rotundus. Bombay duck is a marine fish, while common carp is
a freshwater fish.
27. In what way broilers, feed is different from layers?
38. Mention any two advantages of using Italian bee
Ans :
variety in honey production.
Broilers, feed is protein rich with adequate fat. The Ans :
level of vitamins A and K is kept high in the poultry
feeds. The Italian bees have high honey collection capacity.

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They sting somewhat less. They stay in a given 48. Why do we eat pea and groundnut?
beehive for long periods and breed very well. Ans :
Pea (matar) provides us protein whereas groundnut
39. Name the two vitamins which are added in the poultry
provide us necessary fats.
feed.
Ans : 49. Mention two examples of mixed cropping.
Vitamins A and K. Ans :
Some combinations of mixed cropping are : wheat and
40. From where do plants acquire the following nutrients? mustard, groundnut and sunflower.
(a) Nitrogen, (b) Hydrogen.
Ans : 50. Name two factors responsible for wastage of grains
(a) Nitrogen from soil, during storage.
(b) Hydrogen from waste. Ans :
Factors responsible for such losses are :
41. State the reason of introducing Italian bee variety in Biotic : insects, rodents, fungi, mites and bacteria,
bee farms. Abiotic : inappropriate moisture and temperatures in
Ans : the place of storage.
An Italian bee variety, A mellifera, has also been
brought in to increase yield of honey. 51. (i) Name an exotic variety of honey bee grown in
India.
42. Which nutrients are supplied by cereals and pulses? (ii) What is called the rearing of fish on a large scale?
Ans : Ans :

Carbohydrate is supplied by cereals and protein is (i) Apis cerana indica

supplied by pulses. (ii) Pisciculture

Download All PDF files from www.rava.org.in. 52. Is breeding and rearing of Bombay duck part of
poultry farming or a part of pisciculture?
43. Define animal husbandry. Ans :
Ans :
It is a part of pisciculture as Bombay duck is fish not
Animal husbandry is the management and care of a duck.
farm animals by humans for profit.
53. What is the tremendous increase in the production of
44. Mention the components of food present in vegetable eggs in India known as?
and fruits. Ans :
Ans :
Golden revolution and Silver revolution.
Vegetables, spices and fruits provide a range of
vitamins and minerals in addition to small amounts of 54. List two desirable traits for fodder crops.
proteins, carbohydrates and fats.
Ans :
45. How does deficiency of nutrients affect the crop? Tallness and profused branching are the desired
characteristics for producing a higher yield of fodder
Ans :
crops.
Physiological processes can be affected by deficiency of
any nutrient in plants including reproduction, growth
and susceptibility to diseases. THREE MARKS QUESTIONS

46. Name the cereals which provide us carbohydrate for

energy requirement. 55. What are the major group of activities involved for
improving of crop yields?
Ans :
Ans :
Cereals such as wheat, rice, maize, millets and sorghum
provide us carbohydrate for energy requirement. (i) Crop variety improvement
(ii) Crop production improvement
(iii) Crop protection improvement
47. Give technical term for milk producing females and
farm labour animals.
56. What are the different ways/methods of hybridisation?
Ans :
Ans :
Milk-producing females are called milch animals
(dairy animals), while the ones used for farm labour Hybridisation can be :
are called draught animals. (i) Intervarietal – between different varieties of crops
(ii) Interspecific – between two species of same genus

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(iii) Intergeneric – between two different genera (ii) They have different food habit
(iii) Food in all parts of pond is utilized due to different
57. What are the main characters required in a crop food habits
during its improvement practices?
Ans : 63. Why Apis mellifera is adopted for domestication to
produce honey?
The useful characters that are required in a crop
during its improvement : Ans :
(i) Disease resistance The Italian species of honey bee, i.e. Apis mellifera is
(ii) Response to fertilizer adopted for its many good qualities. They :
(iii) Product quality (i) sting less
(iv) High yield (ii) have good honey collection capacity
(iii) produce with less swarming
58. State the difference between macro-nutrients and (iv) have ability to protect itself from enemy
micro-nutrients. (v) stay in beehives for a long time
Ans :
64. Give difference between apiculture and aquaculture.
Macro-nutrients Micro-nutrients Ans :
These are required by These are required by Domestication of honeybees or production of honey
crops in larger amount. crops in very small and wax on commercial bases is called apiculture.
quantity. Farming and management of fish and other aquatic
animals and plants in water is called aquaculture.
Six macro-nutrient : Seven micro-nutrients
nitrogen, phosphorus, : iron, manganese,
65. Name the sources and the nutrients supplied by them
potassium, calcium, boron, zinc, copper,
to the plants.
magnesium, sulphur. molybdenum and
chlorine. Ans :

Source Nutrients
59. State the difference between manure and fertilizer.
Ans : Air Carbon, oxygen
Water Hydrogen, oxygen
Manure Fertilizer Soil Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium,
Consist of organic Consist of inorganic calcium, magnesium, sulphur
matter matter (Macro-nutrients)
Formed by animal Formed commercially by Iron, manganese, boron, zinc,
excreta and plant waste chemicals copper, molybdenum, chlorine
(Micro-nutrients)
No pollution Soil and water pollution
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60. What is organic farming?
Ans : 66. What are fertilizers? Excess use of fertilizers is not
advisable, explain.
Farming method in which no chemical fertilizers,
pesticides or herbicides are used. Instead of using Ans :
chemical, farmer uses all organic matter for growth Fertilizers are commercially produced plant nutrients.
of crops. Example : Manure, neem leaves as pesticides They supply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
and for grain storage. They are used to ensure good vegetative growth,
giving rise to healthy plants.
61. State the preventive and control measures used before Excessive use of fertilizers are not advisable as:
grains are stored. (a) It leads to soil and water pollution.
Ans : (b) It can destroy the fertility of soil.

(i) Cleaning of the grains. 67. How do insect pests attack the plant and affect it?
(ii) Keep seeds in sunlight to provide moisture.
Ans :
(iii) Using chemicals that kills pest.
Insect pests attack the plants and reduces yield in
62. What is the advantage of composite fish culture? three ways :
Ans : (i) They cut the root, stem and leaf.
(ii) They suck the cell sap from various parts of the
The composition of six species of fish in composite fish plant.
is highly advantageous because: (iii) They bore into stem and fruits.
(i) These fishes do not compete for food among
themselves 68. What are the new varieties obtained by cross breeding
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of Indian and exotic breeds of poultry? during storage?

Ans : Ans :
The new variety/traits obtained by cross breeding of During the storage of grains, various biotic factors
Indian and exotic breeds of poultry are : such as insects, rodents, mites, fungi, bacteria, etc.
(i) Number and quality of chicks and various abiotic factors such as inappropriate
(ii) Dwarf broiler parent for commercial chick moisture, temperature, lack of sunlight, etc. are
production responsible for losses of grains. These factors act on
(iii) Summer adaptation capacity/tolerance to high stored grains and result in degradation, poor germ
temperature inability, discolouration, etc.
(iv) Low maintenance requirements
(v) Reduction in the size of the egg-laying bird with 75. Why there is necessity of animal husbandry?
ability to utilise more fibrous and cheaper diet, Ans :
formulated using agricultural by products.
To fulfil growing demand for milk, eggs and meat
and providing self employment livestock production
69. State the difference between egg-layers and broilers.
is needed.
Ans :
76. What factors may be responsible for losses of grains
Egg-layers Broilers during storage? Also mention any two preventive
They are fed on protein Fed on vitamin-rich food measures to control loss of grains during storage.
rich food. Ans :
Factors responsible for losses are :
70. Distinguish between a mullet and a prawn. Biotic : Insects, rodents, fungi, mites and bacteria.
Ans : Abiotic : Inappropriate moisture and temperatures in
the place of storage. Cleaning of the produce before
Mullet is a type of fish while prawn is a crustacean. storage, proper drying of the produce first in sunlight
Both live in water and serve as a food supplement and then in shade, and fumigation are preventive
worldwide. Prawn belongs to group arthropoda measures to control loss of grains during storage.
whereas mullet belongs to group Pisces.
77. List any six factors for which variety improvement in
71. Name two breeds of cows selected for long lactation crops is done.
period.
Ans :
Ans :
(i) Higher yield,
After giving the birth of a calf, a cow secretes milk. (ii) Improved quality,
The duration of milk secretion of a cow that is the (iii) Biotic and abiotic resistance,
period of time till which the cow secretes milk is (iv) Change in maturity duration,
known as lactation period. Brown Swiss and jersey (v) Wider adaptability,
are selected for their long lactation period. (vi) Desirable characteristics.

72. Name two fresh initiatives taken to increase the water 78. Explain how fertilisers are different from manure.
availability for agriculture.
Ans :
Ans :
Fertilisers are synthesized in factories from inorganic
Two new irrigation systems have been developed to materials. On the other hand, manure is made
save water and increase the availability of water to the from organic materials; through the process of
crops. These are : decomposition. Excessive use of fertilisers is not good
(1) Drip irrigation system : Here, water is supplied for soil and may lead to soil pollution. Use of manure
to the roots of the plants directly in a drop wise is beneficial for soil.
manner. This prevents unnecessary wastage of
water.
79. Name any three methods of irrigation and briefly
(2) Sprinkler system : Here water is sprinkled over the
describe them.
crops like it happens in rain. So, water is absorbed
by the soil in a better way. Ans :
(a) Drip irrigation : In this kind of irrigation, water is
73. How do plants get nutrients? supplied drop by drop near the roots of the crops
Ans : or plants. They is generally used in the areas
where there is a scarcity of water. However, it is
Nutrients are supplied to plants by air, water and soil.
very expensive.
Air supplies carbon and oxygen, hydrogen comes from
(b) Sprinkler system : In this system, the water
water and soil supplies the other thirteen nutrients to
escapes from the revolving nozzles and is sprinkled
plants.
like rain on the crops. This system is used for
sandy soils and uneven land.
74. What factors may be responsible for losses of grains (c) Surface irrigation : Method to supply water to

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agricultural lands from well, river, dam, etc. advantages is that fish do not compete for food.

80. What is the advantage of crop rotation? 86. What is meant by bee-keeping? Name : (a) the variety
Ans : commonly used for commercial honey production. (b)
the variety having high honey collection capacity.
Rotation of crops helps in saving on nitrogenous
State how pasturage is related to honey production.
fertilizers, because leguminous plants grown during
the rotation of crops can fix atmospheric nitrogen in Ans :
the soil with the help of nitrogen fixing bacteria. Beekeeping is the practice of rearing bee for making
honey (a) Indian bee (Apis ceranaindica), (b) The
Download All PDF files from www.rava.org.in. Italian (Apis mellifera) bees have high honey collection
capacity. Pasturage is the availability of flowers to the
81. What are the three advantages of shorter duration of bees for nectar and pollen collection. Pasturage is
the crop in between sowing and harvesting? related to honey production because it determines the
Ans : taste of honey and the quantity of honey.
Short durations allow farmers to grow multiple rounds
of crops in a year. Short duration also reduces the 87. Explain how soil gets affected by the continuous
cost of crop production. Uniform maturity makes the plantation of crops in a field.
harvesting process easy and reduces losses during Ans :
harvesting. Continuous plantation of crops in a field affects soil
fertility. Plants utilize all the nutrients from soil which
82. Define manures. What are its three different kinds? leads to depletion of nutrients in the soil. As a result,
State two limitations of manures. soil fertility reduces drastically.
Ans :
Manure is an organic matter prepared by the 88. A group of gardening club students prepared a
decomposition of animal excreta and plant waste. kitchen garden in the school campus and did organic
They are : Compost, vermi-composting and green farming to grow the vegetables. Then the students
manure. presented their group work in the assembly to spread
Two limitations of manures are : the awareness and make students understand the
(i) Supplies small quantities of nutrients to the soil importance of organic products.
(ii) Losses about half the available nitrogen (a) What is horticulture?
(iii) Releases greenhouse gases (b) What is green manure?
Ans :
83. Which method is commonly used for improving cattle (a) Hotriculture is the commercial production of
breeds and why? vegetables and fruits.
Ans : (b) The green plants like sun hemp are turned into
Cross breeding between a two good variety crops the soil which enriches the soil with nitrogen and
is called hybridization that also results in a new phosphorus and is called green manure.
improved variety. Another way of improving the
crop is by introducing a gene that would provide 89. Arrange the following boxes in proper order to make a
the desired characteristic. This results in genetically flow chart of sugarcane crop production.
modified crops. Ans :
Sending crop to sugar factory " Irrigation "
84. What are the types of food requirements of dairy Harvesting " Sowing " Preparation of soil "
animals? Why external and internal parasites live on Ploughing the field " Manuring
and in the cattle can be fatal. Preparation of soil " Ploughing the field " Manuring
Ans : " Sowing " Irrigation " Harvesting " Sending crop
Roughage and concentrates are the types of food to sugar factory.
requirements of dairy animals. The external parasites
live on the skin and mainly cause skin diseases. The 90. Organism which enriches the soil with nutrients is
internal parasites like worms, affect stomach and called biofertilizers.
intestine while flukes damage the liver. (a) Write its advantage. (b) Give example.
Ans :
85. What is composite fish culture system? Mention one (a) Biofertilizers are non-pollutant sources of plant
merit and one demerit of this system. nutrients. They are renewable.
Ans : (b) Example of biofertilizers are- Rhizobium, Blue
The composite fish culture system is a technology to green algae.
grow both local and imported fish species in the water
in the paddy field. One problem with such composite 91. A group of Science Club students made a compost pit
fish culture is that many of these fish breed only in the school, they collected all bio-degradable waste
during monsoon mixed with other species, one of the from the school canteen and used it to prepare the

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compost. simultaneously on the same piece of land, is called

(a) Name, two waste that can be used for the compost mixed cropping.
and two wastes obtained from canteen which Example : Wheat + grain, wheat + mustard.
cannot be used for the compost making. (ii) Inter-cropping : It is a method of growing two or
(b) What is the other important component required more crops simultaneously on the same field in a
for making the compost? definite pattern. A few row of one crop alternate
Ans : with a few rows of second crop.
Example : Soyabean + Maize or Bajra + Lobia.
(a) Two waste used for compost are vegetable peels
(iii) Crop rotation : The growing of different crops on
and fruit peels. Two waste materials that cannot
a piece of land in a succession is known as crop
be used as compost are polythene bags and plastic
rotation.
items.
(b) Bacteria and fungi present in soil are the other Add 89056 29969 in Your Class Whatsapp Group to Get All PDF Files.
important component for making compost.
95. What are weeds? How can we control them? Give
FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS different methods of weed control.
Ans :
Unwanted plants which grow along with crops are
92. What are manures? Give its classification. called weeds. Weeds compete with crops for natural
Ans : resources; like sunlight, water and nutrients. Thus,
weeds hamper the growth of crops. Weeds are usually
Substance rich in organic matter and also supplies
removed manually by hands and by sickles. This
small quantities of nutrients to soil is called manure.
process is called weeding. Sometimes, weedicides are
Manure is classified based on the kind of biological
also sprayed to kills weeds.
material used to make it as :
Weeds can be controlled by different methods :
(i) Compost, (ii) Vermi-compost, (iii) Green manure.
(a) Weedicides : These are the chemicals sprayed on
(i) Compost : The manure prepared by decomposing
the weeds to kill them. Excessive use is poisonous
farm waste, livestock excreta, plant waste, etc. in
and causes environmental pollution.
a pit is known as compost.
(b) Mechanical removal : In this method weeds are
(ii) Vermi-compost : When the above given matter is
uprooted by removing manually or by machines.
allowed to decompose in the pit along with some
(c) Preventive methods : Proper seed bed preparation,
earthworms to fasten the process of decomposition
timely sowing of crops, intercropping and crop
is called vermi-composting.
rotation helps in weed control.
(iii) Green manure : Some plants like sun-hemp are
used to prepare manure by mulching them into
96. What are the factors for which variety improvement
soil by plough is known as green manure.
of crop is done?
93. What are the various methods of irrigation in India? Ans :
Ans : (a) Higher yield : It increases production of crop.
(b) Biotic and abiotic resistance : Crop should be
Most of agriculture in India is rain-fed, several different
resistant to biotic factors like diseases, insects,
kinds of irrigation system are adopted to supply water
pests and abiotic factors like drought, salinity,
to agricultural lands. The resources are-wells, canals,
heat, etc.
rivers and tanks.
(c) Change in maturity duration : Short-duration
(i) Wells : Dug wells and tube wells. In dug wells
maturity allows farmer to grow more crops in a
water is collected from water— bearing strata.
year with short duration maturity and reduces the
(ii) Tubewells : Water from deeper strata.
crop production cost.
(iii) Canals : Most extensive irrigation system. Canals
(d) Wider adaptability : Crop should be able to adapt
receive water from reservoirs or rivers. The main
to changing environmental conditions.
canal is divided into branch canals having further
(e) Desirable agronomic characteristics : Crop should
distributaries to irrigate fields.
have tallness and dwarfness as per need. Dwarfness
(iv) River lift system : Water is directly drawn from
is required for cereals, so that few nutrients are
the river for supplementing irrigation in areas
consumed.
close to rivers.
(v) Tanks : These are small storage reservoirs,
97. Large amount of food grains get spoiled every year in
which intercept and store the run-off of smaller
India due to improper storage of food grains. How can
catchment areas.
this be avoided?
94. What are the different patterns of cropping? Ans :
or Food grains get spoiled by insects, fungi, rodents,
What are the different cropping systems? bacteria, moisture at the place of storage.
Ans : Storage losses can be reduced by taking some
preventive and control measures.
Different systems of growing crop :
(i) The seeds that are to be stored should be dry
(a) Mixed cropping : Two or more crops grow

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(ii) The grains should be cleaned sunlight, water and air; with the main crop. So, it
(iii) The grains should be fumigated using chemicals is necessary to remove weeds for proper growth of
that kills pest. crops. Weeding is usually done manually by using
(iv) The storage houses should be waterproof. hands and sickles. Sometimes weedicides are also
(v) The grains should be stored in sealed gunny bags. sprayed.
(vi) The bags should be kept few centimetres away (d) Threshing : Separation of grains from harvested
from the wall. stems is called threshing. For smaller quantity,
(vii) The walls and the floor should be water-proof threshing is done by hands. For somewhat
with no holes in it, to avoid rodents, pests. bigger quantity, threshing is done using animal;
especially bullocks. Animals are made to trample
98. Explain different types of fisheries. over the harvested stock which helps in separation
Ans : of grains. Threshing machines are used for bigger
quantities.
The different types of fisheries are marine fisheries;
inland fisheries, capture fishing, mariculture and
101.If wheat is sown in the kharif season, what would
aquaculture.
happen? Discuss.
(i) Marine fisheries : Marine fishes are caught using
fishing nets. Ans :
(ii) Mariculture : Marine .fishes are cultured in The crop of wheat needs mild to moderate temperature
seawater. and frost free days; along with irrigation but no water
(iii) Inland fisheries : The fisheries done in freshwater logging. Winters are suitable for growing wheat. In the
resources like canals, ponds, reservoirs and rivers. kharif season; which coincides with the peak summer
(iv) Capture fishing : It is done in sea-water, estuaries months in India, temperature is at its peak which is
and lagoons. not suitable for wheat. Moreover, during rainy season
(v) Aquaculture : Culture of fish done in different lot of water accumulates in fields which would be
water bodies is called aquaculture. harmful for wheat crop. Hence, if wheat is sown in the
kharif season; the productivity would be minuscule
99. What are the practices used for dairy industry? and would not be profitable for the farmers.
Ans :
102.Give brief sketch on advantages and disadvantages on
The practices used for dairy industry to get the
manure and fertilizers.
optimum yield are :
(i) Shelter : The shelter should be clean, spacious Ans :
and airy. Advantages of manure :
(ii) Feeding : Proper food at proper time is essential (i) It increases the number of friendly microbes.
for dairy animals. (ii) It improves the texture of soil by adding organic
(iii) Rearing of animals : Providing them proper health matter (humus).
care and protection from pathogens, diseases and (iii) It increases soil fertility, water holding capacity
proper vaccination. and aeration.
(iv) Breeding : The crossing of different variety of (iv) It reduces soil erosion.
milch animals to obtain a breed that can produce (v) It is cheap.
more yield of milk. Disadvantages of manure :
(i) They have fewer amounts of nutrients as compared
100.Write a paragraph in your own words on each of the to fertilizers.
following. (ii) Manures are bulky and not easy to store and
(a) Preparation of soil, transport.
(b) Sowing, Fertilizers : These are commercially manufactured
(c) Weeding, inorganic salts containing one or more essential plant
(d) Threshing nutrients like NPK, which are used to increase soil
Ans : fertility.
Advantages of fertilizers :
(a) Preparation of soil : Preparation of soil is the first
(i) They are nutrient specific and required in small
step of farming. Soil is loosened and turned over.
amounts.
This helps in making the soil more airy so that
(ii) They are water soluble and absorbed by the plant
roots can breathe in air. Moreover, loosening of
easily.
soil also facilitates better penetration of roots into
(iii) They are easy to store and transport.
the soil. Seeds can be easily sown in loosened soil.
Disadvantages of fertilizers :
(b) Sowing : The method of putting the seeds into
(i) Fertilizers can change the soil structure by killing
soil is called sowing. Traditionally, seed is sown
the soil microbes.
manually by spreading the seeds by hands. This
(ii) Fertilizers can change the chemical composition of
process is called broadcasting. Seed drills are used
soil.
when sowing needs to be done on a large scale.
(iii) Accumulation of fertilizers in water bodies causes
(c) Weeding : Removal of weeds is called weeding.
eutrophication.
Unwanted plants which grow along with the crop
are called weeds. They compete for resources; like WWW.CBSE.ONLINE

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