This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: D1654 − 08 (Reapproved 2016)´1

Standard Test Method for

Evaluation of Painted or Coated Specimens Subjected to
Corrosive Environments1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1654; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

ε1 NOTE—Typos in Section 8 were corrected editorially in May 2017.

1. Scope sures of Paint and Related Coatings

1.1 This test method covers the treatment of previously D870 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings
painted or coated specimens for accelerated and atmospheric Using Water Immersion
exposure tests and their subsequent evaluation in respect to D1014 Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of
corrosion, blistering associated with corrosion, loss of adhesion Paints and Coatings on Metal Substrates
at a scribe mark, or other film failure. D1735 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings
Using Water Fog Apparatus
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the D2247 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings in
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information 100 % Relative Humidity
only. D2803 Guide for Testing Filiform Corrosion Resistance of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the Organic Coatings on Metal
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the D4141 Practice for Conducting Black Box and Solar Con-
responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and centrating Exposures of Coatings
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter- D4585 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Using Controlled Condensation
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- D4587 Practice for Fluorescent UV-Condensation Expo-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- sures of Paint and Related Coatings
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the D5894 Practice for Cyclic Salt Fog/UV Exposure of Painted
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- Metal, (Alternating Exposures in a Fog/Dry Cabinet and a
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical UV/Condensation Cabinet)
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. D6695 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposures of Paint and
Related Coatings
2. Referenced Documents D7087 Test Method for An Imaging Technique to Measure
2.1 ASTM Standards:2 Rust Creepage at Scribe on Coated Test Panels Subjected
B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus to Corrosive Environments
D610 Practice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted E3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
Steel Surfaces G85 Practice for Modified Salt Spray (Fog) Testing
D714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of G87 Practice for Conducting Moist SO2 Tests
Paints 2.2 ANSI Standard:3
D822 Practice for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Expo- B94.50 Single-Point Cutting Tools, Basic Nomenclature and
Definitions for
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint 3. Terminology
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of 3.1 paint removal material, n—a device or substance that is
Subcommittee D01.25 on Evaluation of Weathering Effects.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016. Published December 2016. Originally
used to remove loose coating around a scribe.
approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D1654 – 08. DOI: 3.2 rust creepage or undercutting, n—corrosion of a sub-
10.1520/D1654-08R16E01. strate that occurs around a damaged area of a coated material.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.

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 D1654 − 08 (2016)´1
3.3 scribe, n—a linear, intentionally prepared damaged area 6. Preliminary Treatment of Test Specimens
on a coated material that extends down to the substrate. 6.1 Scribed Specimens:
3.4 scribing tool, n—a tool used to prepare a scribe on a 6.1.1 Where specified or agreed upon, prepare each speci-
coated material. men for testing by scribing it in such a manner that the scribe
3.5 zone of corrosion, n—area of corrosion of a substrate. can be exposed lengthwise when positioned in the test cabinet.
This position will allow solution droplets to run lengthwise
4. Significance and Use along the scribe.
4.1 This method provides a means of evaluating and com- 6.1.2 Scribe the specimen by holding the tool at approxi-
paring basic corrosion performance of the substrate, mately a 70 to 90° angle to the surface with the upper end of
pretreatment, or coating system, or combination thereof, after tool holder inclined toward the operator. Position the tool so
exposure to corrosive environments. that only the tip is in contact with the surface. (See Fig. 2.) Pull
the scribing tool to obtain a uniform V-cut through the coating
5. Apparatus that is being tested. The endpoints of the scribe shall be at least
1.25 cm (0.5 in.) from the edge of the panel. Inspect the tool
5.1 Scribing Tools:
frequently, using low power magnification, for dulling, chip-
5.1.1 Lathe Tool Type—High speed tool steel or tungsten
ping or wear and replace or repair as needed. The scribe should
carbide thread cutting lathe tool bit with a cutting tip having a
be of sufficient length to cover the significant test area, but
60° included angle. ANSI B94.50, Style E has been found to
should not contact the edge of the specimen. The scribe must
meet these requirements. (See Fig. 1.) The tool bit is typically
penetrate all organic coating layers on the metal, leaving a
mounted in a holder such as a wooden file handle to facilitate
uniformly bright line. The extent of scribe penetration through
the scribing operation.
metal coatings, such as galvanize, should be agreed upon
5.1.2 Pencil Type—Pencil shaped device, with a high speed
between the producer and user. The coil coating industry
tool steel or tungsten carbide scribing tip. Typically the
typically requires scribes to penetrate all organic coating layers
gripping surface is knurled. The tip may be replaceable or
but not penetrate the metal coating layers. The automotive
permanent.
industry typically requires scribes to penetrate all organic and
5.1.3 Motorized Circular Blade—A motor fitted with a 1 to
metal coating layers. The pencil type may be less effective than
2 mm wide circular cutting device.
the lathe tool type when scribing coating systems consisting of
5.1.4 Other Types—Other types of scribing instruments
multiple layers of organic coatings or coating systems includ-
which use a knife type blade such as a scalpel, razor blade, box
ing metal layers. When scribing coating systems consisting of
cutter knife, or other sharp pointed tool are acceptable if agreed
multiple layers of organic coatings or coating systems includ-
upon between the producer and the user.
ing metal layers the depth and quality of scribe technique
5.2 Straightedge—Any straightedge of sufficient length and should be evaluated using the cross section, castable plastic
rigidity to guide the scribing tool in a straight line. mount, polishing technique described in Practice E3. Quality of
5.3 Paint Removal Materials—The following materials can the scribe technique may also be observed with the aid of
be used to remove the coating around the scribe. low-power magnification. Note, mark, and describe defects,
5.3.1 Spatula. coding, and flaws that may affect results. If a motorized
5.3.2 Knife or similar instrument—the sharpness of blade circular blade is used, position the test specimen to allow for a
shall be agreed upon between purchaser and seller. straight, linear cut at the desired length. The blade shall be
5.3.3 Paint Stripper or strong solvent.
5.3.4 Materials for removal by air:
5.3.4.1 Air Source—A source of compressed air capable of
delivering at least 4.72 L/s (10 ft3/min) at 552 kPa (80 psi).
5.3.4.2 Air Gun—An air dusting gun and nozzle combina-
tion. The following configuration has been found to be suc-
cessful:
Air Consumption, Pressure, kPa Nozzle Diameter,
m3/min (ft3/min) (psi) mm (in.)
0.24 (8.4) 550 (80) 3.0 (0.12)
5.3.5 Power Washer capable of delivering 3500 psi.
5.4 Scale—Any rule with 1-mm divisions.

FIG. 1 Scribe Tool FIG. 2 Scribing Tool in Action

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 D1654 − 08 (2016)´1
positioned to a depth such that it is able to cut into the 8.1.6 Other methods can be used to remove loose material
substrate. This type of blade will result in a rectangular cut around the scribe if agreed upon between purchaser and seller.
rather than a V-cut. NOTE 1—The above methods may not be appropriate in all cases, such
6.1.3 One cut may not be sufficient to cut multi-layer as for interim ratings in continuing tests.
NOTE 2—For all methods, complete the removal of loose coating with
protective coatings down to the metal. The use of more than 15 min of specimen removal from the exposure cabinet. If removal cannot
one cut must be agreed to between all concerned parties prior be completed within the prescribed time, immerse the specimens in water
to scribing, and the number of cuts must be recorded in the test at room temperature or store in a plastic bag to avoid any drying effect.
documentation. When multiple cuts are needed, each cut must 8.2 Rating—Only areas of the substrate that are discolored
be done in the same direction. If a motorized blade is being due to corrosion should be considered. Record the maximum
used, it may be necessary to clean out residual materials of the and minimum creepage from the scribe, and note whether or
scribe with a pencil-type scriber. not the maximum is an isolated spot. The mean can be
6.1.4 Scribe lines other than those of a single, straight nature determined by making at least 6 measurements of the width of
may be used if agreed upon between the producer and the user. the zone of corrosion uniformly distributed along the scribe,
6.1.5 Wipe off the panel with a dry rag, or blow with air to ignoring 3 mm (0.125 in.) of each end of the scribe. Determine
remove any metal flakes from the scribing process. the arithmetic mean, and use the following equation to deter-
6.1.6 The width of the scribe (w) shall be recorded. mine rust creepage (c):
6.2 Cut Edges—Cut edges of panels may be exposed during wc 2 w
testing, or protected by wax, tape, or other means as agreed c5 (1)
2
upon between the producer and the user. If left unprotected,
method of shearing panel edges should be agreed upon where:
between the producer and user, noting whether edges are wc = mean overall width of the corrosion zone and
oriented in the “burr up” or “burr down” configuration. w = width of the original scribe.
6.3 Deformation—Deformation of test panels prior to As an alternative, use Test Method D7087. Record creep
exposure, if desired, should be agreed upon between the values in millimetres, inches, or rating numbers as prescribed
producer and user. in Table 1, as agreed upon between producer and user. Loss of
paint that does not extend down to the substrate and result in
7. Exposure of Test Specimens corrosion can be rated using the same procedure, but should
7.1 Expose test specimens in accordance with one or more not be considered as scribe creepage, undercutting, or corro-
of the following test methods or practices: B117, D822, D870, sion. If this is the case, note the coat(s) removed.
D1014, D1735, D2247, D2803, D4141, D4585, D4587,
9. Procedure B—Evaluation of Unscribed Areas
D5894, D6695, G85, G87, or any other applicable test method,
as agreed upon between the producer and the user. The length 9.1 Use photographic blister standards given in Practice
of test and evaluation intervals should be agreed upon prior to D714 to describe the results of the exposure test with respect to
exposure of specimens. blisters, and Practice D610 to describe the results of the
exposure with respect to rusting
8. Procedure A—Evaluation of Rust Creepage for
Scribed Specimens 10. Procedure C—Evaluation of Unprotected Edges
8.1 Rinse each specimen after completion of the exposure 10.1 If paint creepage from cut edges is tested, rate the
period, using a gentle stream of water at a temperature up to corrosion or loss of paint extending from a cut edge in the same
45°C (110°F). Remove coating along scribe with one of the manner described for scribes in Procedure A.
following methods such that all corrosion of the substrate (that
11. Procedure D—Evaluation of Formed Areas
is, rust creepage or undercutting) can be observed using one of
the following methods. 11.1 If tested samples contain bends, dimples, or other
8.1.1 Method 1 (Scraping)—Scrape the specimen vigor- formed areas of interest, rate the extent of failure at these areas
ously with an instrument described in 5.3.1.
8.1.2 Method 2 (Knife)—Pick off the loose or lifted coating TABLE 1 Rating of Failure at Scribe (Procedure A)
with a knife described in 5.3.2. Representative Mean Creepage From Scribe
8.1.3 Method 3 (Paint Stripper)—Soak the panels in paint Millimetres
Inches Rating
stripper or suitable solvent as described in 5.3.3 until the (Approximate) Number

coating around the scribe is removed, or can be removed with Zero 0 10

Over 0 to 0.5 0 to 1⁄64 9
a spatula. Over 0.5 to 1.0 1⁄64 to 1⁄32 8
8.1.4 Method 4 (Air Blow-Off)—Holding the nozzle, as Over 1.0 to 2.0 1⁄32 to 1⁄16 7
described in 5.3.4, at approximately a 45° angle, blow along Over 2.0 to 3.0 1⁄16 to 1⁄8 6
Over 3.0 to 5.0 1⁄8 to 3⁄16 5
the entire scribe line, disturbing the surface adjacent to the Over 5.0 to 7.0 3⁄16 to 1⁄4 4
scribe adjacent to the scribe mechanically by the air nozzle to Over 7.0 to 10.0 1⁄4 to 3⁄8 3
ensure an opening for the air blast. Over 10.0 to 13.0 3⁄8 to 1⁄2 2
Over 13.0 to 16.0 1⁄2 to 5⁄8 1
8.1.5 Method 5 (Power Washer)—Using a power washer Over 16.0 to more 5⁄8 to more 0
described in 5.3.5, remove the coating around the scribe.

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 D1654 − 08 (2016)´1
separately in the same manner described in Procedure B, or as 12.1.5 If applicable, the extent of the removal of loose paint
agreed upon between the producer and user. around scribe that did not extend down to the substrate, noting
which coat(s) were removed.
12. Report
12.1 The report shall include the following information, 13. Precision and Bias
unless otherwise agreed upon between the producer and user: 13.1 Precision—Since this is a method of evaluation based
12.1.1 All pertinent information regarding the conduct of on measurements after various tests, the statement of precision
each corrosion test, as prescribed in the specifications for each applicable to each specific method of exposure to corrosive
test, environments applies.
12.1.2 Methods of scribing, shearing, or forming, or com-
bination thereof, or test specimens. 14. Keywords
12.1.3 Method of removal of loose coating. 14.1 blistering; corrosion; creepage; edge/scribe; paints/
12.1.4 Rust creepage. related coatings/materials; rust; undercutting

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