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    Distillation and Hardness of Water (Exp. 5)

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    sarah nabila
    This document describes an experiment to determine the hardness of various water samples through distillation and titration methods. The samples tested included tap water from the lab and home, distilled versions of each, deionized water, and a sodium hydroxide solution. The results showed that distillation significantly reduced the hardness levels compared to the original water samples, and the different samples could be classified from soft to very hard based on their hardness values.

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    Distillation and Hardness of Water (Exp. 5)

    Uploaded by

    sarah nabila
    17 views3 pages
    This document describes an experiment to determine the hardness of various water samples through distillation and titration methods. The samples tested included tap water from the lab and home, distilled versions of each, deionized water, and a sodium hydroxide solution. The results showed that distillation significantly reduced the hardness levels compared to the original water samples, and the different samples could be classified from soft to very hard based on their hardness values.

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    This document describes an experiment to determine the hardness of various water samples through distillation and titration methods. The samples tested included tap water from the lab and home, distilled versions of each, deionized water, and a sodium hydroxide solution. The results showed that distillation significantly reduced the hardness levels compared to the original water samples, and the different samples could be classified from soft to very hard based on their hardness values.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    17 views3 pages

    Distillation and Hardness of Water (Exp. 5)

    Uploaded by

    sarah nabila
    This document describes an experiment to determine the hardness of various water samples through distillation and titration methods. The samples tested included tap water from the lab and home, distilled versions of each, deionized water, and a sodium hydroxide solution. The results showed that distillation significantly reduced the hardness levels compared to the original water samples, and the different samples could be classified from soft to very hard based on their hardness values.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Distillation and Hardness of Water (Exp.

    5)

    Abstract:

    Introduction:

    Objective:

    Methodology

    Results
    A. Distillation of home tap water
    1. Temperature at the start of collecting the distillate = 96.0 °C
    2. Temperature at the end of collecting the distillate = 99.0 °C
    3. Experimental boiling range for collected sample = °C

    B. Standardisation of the EDTA solution


    Concentration of standard Ca2+ solution = 0.007M
    Volume of the standard Ca2+ solution = 25.0 ml

    Rough 1 2
    Final reading of EDTA solution 37.50 35.75 35.55

    Initial reading of EDTA 0.10 0.15 0.20


    solution
    Volume of EDTA solution
    (mL)

    C. Hardness of Water

    Concentration of EDTA = M
    Water sample Lab tap water Lab distilled Home tap Distilled Deionized 0.1 M NaOH
    water water home tap water
    water
    Final reading 2.00 4.00 1.85 0.30 9.90 10.85
    of standard
    EDTA
    Initial reading 0.10 2.10 0.20 0.10 4.10 10.00
    of standard
    EDTA
    Volume of
    standard
    EDTA used
    (ml)
    Volume of 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0
    water sample
    (mL)
    [Ca2+ + Mg2+]
    (mol/L)
    Hardness
    (ppm)
    *Hardness is usually expressed as ppm CaCO3

    Discussion

    Conclusion

    References

    Questions
    1. Why should the water in the condenser flow uphill during distillation?

    2. Compare the hardness between i) lab tap water and lab distilled water ii) home tap water and
    home distilled tap water. Did the distillation have a significant effect on the water hardness?
    Explain your answer.
    3. Water with hardness in the range 0-60 ppm is termed soft, 60-120 ppm is medium hard, 120-
    180 ppm is hard and above 180 ppm is very hard. Classify the water samples that you analysed in
    the experiment.
    4. Do you think there should be a correlation between conductance and hardness
    results? Explain your answer.

    5. Suggest any ways you can think of to improve any parts in this experiment. The experiment
    should be repeated at least once to ensure that the value of the titre that was obtained was
    accurate.

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