Bou Poultry Farm Book 02 PDF
Bou Poultry Farm Book 02 PDF
Bou Poultry Farm Book 02 PDF
wewfbœ M„ncvwjZ
cvwLi RvZ I Avgv‡`i G my›`i c„w_ex‡Z cÖvq AvU nvRvi QqkZ cÖRvwZi cvwL i‡q‡Q| Gme cvwL bvbvfv‡e
cwiwPwZ cÖvK…wZK fvimvg¨ i¶v K‡i G c„w_ex‡K gvby‡li evm‡hvM¨ K‡i †i‡L‡Q| gvbyl wKQy wKQy
cvwL‡K †cvl gvwb‡q wbR ZË¡veav‡b jvjbcvjb K‡i `xN©w`bhver Lv`¨ Pvwn`vi GK weivU Ask
c~iY Ki‡Q| Avevi wKQy wKQy cvwL gvbyl wPËwe‡bv`‡bi Rb¨I cvjb K‡i _v‡K| †cvl gvbv‡bv
Ges M„‡n cvwjZ mKj cvwL‡KB mvaviYZ M„ncvwjZ cvwL ev †cvwëªi AšÍf©z³ Kiv nq bv|
M„ncvwjZ cvwL ev †cvwëª ej‡Z †mme cvwL cÖRvwZ‡KB eySv‡bv nq hv‡`i‡K A_©‰bwZK D‡Ï‡k¨
(cÖavbZ wWg I gvsm Drcv`‡bi j‡¶¨) jvjbcvjb Kiv nq Ges hviv gvby‡li ZË¡veav‡b
¯^vaxbfv‡e eskwe¯Ívi Ki‡Z cv‡i| †hgb: nuvm, gyiwM, ivRnuvm, †Kv‡qj, KeyZi, wMwb dvDj,
UvwK© BZ¨vw`| AvenvIqvi ZviZ‡g¨i Rb¨ c„w_exi wewfbœ A‡j wfbœ wfbœ cÖRvwZ I Rv‡Zi
cvwL cvjb Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq| Z‡e, nvumgyiwM c„w_exi mKj †`‡kB M„ncvwjZ cvwL wn‡m‡e
†`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z weivU Ae`vb †i‡L Avm‡Q| Avgv‡`i †`‡kI ¯§iYvZxZKvj †_‡KB gvbyl
nvumgyiwM cvjb Ki‡Q| Avi G cvwL¸‡jv Avgv‡`i A_©bxwZ I ms¯‹…wZi Awe‡”Q`¨ A½ n‡q
Av‡Q| ˆeÁvwbK µgweeZ©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ gvbylI cvwL cvj‡bi gva¨‡g AwaK jvfevb nIqvi
bvbv †KŠkj AvqË K‡i‡Q| ZvB K…wlcÖavb Avgv‡`i †`‡ki fwel¨r cÖR‡b¥i Rb¨ M„ncvwjZ cvwL
ev †cvwëª cvj‡bi AvaywbK Ávb jvf Kiv GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb|
G BDwb‡Ui wewfbœ cv‡V gyiwM, nvum, †Kv‡qj, ivRnuvm, KeyZi, wMwb dvDj cÖf…wZ M„ncvwjZ
cvwLi wewfbœ Rv‡Zi cwiwPwZ ZvwË¡K I e¨envwiKmn Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
M„ncvwjZ gyiwMi (domestic chicken or domestic fowl) ˆeÁvwbK bvg Gallus gallus
domesticus (M¨vjvm M¨vjvm W‡gw÷Kvm)| M„ncvwjZ gyiwM‡K wewfbœ †kªYx, RvZ, DcRvZ,
†÷ªBb BZ¨vw`‡Z fvM Kiv nq|
M„ncvwjZ gyiwM¸‡jv‡K wewfbœ
†kªYx, RvZ, DcRvZ, †÷ªBb
BZ¨vw`‡Z fvM Kiv nq| †kªYx (Class)
c„w_exi †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó GjvKv n‡Z D™¢zZ Ges wKQy wKQy mvaviY ˆewk‡ó¨ mv`„‡k¨i AwaKvix
gyiwM¸‡jv GKwU †kªYxi AšÍf©y³ Kiv nq| †hgb- Av‡gwiKvb †kªYx, f‚ga¨mvMixq †kªYx BZ¨vw`|
RvZ (Breed)
†kªYxi Aax‡b AvKvi I AvK…wZ‡Z mv`„‡k¨i AwaKvix gyiwM¸‡jv hviv esk ci¤úivq †mB
ˆewkó¨mg~n ¯’vbvšÍi Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡`i‡K GKwU Rv‡Zi AšÍfy©³ Kiv nq| †hgb- †jMnb©,
wgbK©v BZ¨vw`|
M„ncvwjZ cvwL cvjb I nuvmgyiwMi n¨vPvwi e¨e¯’vcbv
DcRvZ (Variety)
cvj‡Ki iO Ges SuzwUi ai‡bi wfwˇZ Rv‡Zi DcwefvMfy³ gyiwM¸‡jv GKwU DcRv‡Zi
AšÍf©y³| †hgb- GKK SzuwUi †nvqvBU †jMnb© †jMnb© RvZfy³ GKwU DcRvZ|
†÷ªBb (Strain)
cÖRbbKvix KZ©„K we‡kl D‡Ï‡k¨ Kgc‡¶ 5 esk ci¤úivq AšÍtcÖRb‡bi (inbreeding)
gva¨‡g m„ó we‡kl bvgavix gyiwM¸‡jv‡K GKwU †÷ªB‡bi AšÍfy©³ Kiv nq| †hgb- ÷vi µm
†nvqvBU, ÷vi µm eªvDb BZ¨vw`| eZ©gv‡b †cvwëª wk‡í weï× RvZ e¨envi bv K‡i wewfbœ
msKi Rv‡Zi gyiwMi †÷ªBb¸‡jv evwYwR¨KwfwˇZ cvjb Kiv n‡”Q|
c„w_ex‡Z gyiwMi cÖvq 200wU c„w_ex‡Z gyiwMi cÖvq 200wU RvZ I DcRvZ i‡q‡Q| G‡`i g‡a¨ A_©‰bwZK ¸iy‡Z¡i AwaKvix
RvZ I DcRvZ i‡q‡Q| 4wU †kªYxi AšÍf©y³ ¸iyZ¡c~Y© RvZ I DcRvZmg~‡ni weeiY G cv‡V wee„Z n‡q‡Q| G cv‡V ïay
weï× RvZ I DcRvZ¸‡jvB eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ AwaK Drcv`bkxj gyiwMi †÷ªBb, †h¸‡jv
eZ©gv‡b mvivwe‡k¦ †jqvi A_©vr wWg Drcv`b Ges eªqjvi A_©vr gvsm Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ e¨envi
Kiv n‡”Q, †m¸‡jvi †Kv‡bv eY©bv †`qv nq wb| G cv‡Vi †k‡l we‡k¦i K‡qKwU AwaK
Drcv`bkxj evwYwR¨K †jqvi I eªqjvi gyiwMi bvg D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
2. †ivW AvBj¨vÛ †iW (Rhode Island Red) t G Rv‡Zi gyiwM¸‡jv Lye Kg©V nq| hviv
AímsL¨K gyiwM cvjb K‡i _v‡Kb Zv‡`i Kv‡Q G Rv‡Zi gyiwM¸‡jv LyeB cQ‡›`i| Giv wWg I
gvsm Dfq Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ e¨eüZ n‡jI G‡`i wWg Drcv`‡bi nvi †ewk|
Drcw˯’j t Av‡gwiKvi †ivW AvBj¨vÛ cÖ‡`k
DcRvZ t 2wU
mvaviY ˆewkó¨vejx
†`n t AvqZvKvi
eyK t PIov, Mfxi Ges mvg‡bi w`‡K DuPz
c„ô‡`k t PIov, j¤^v I mgZj
Kv‡bi jwZ t †QvU I jvj i‡Oi
cv‡qi bvjv t cvjKwenxb
Mv‡qi Pvgov t njy` i‡Oi
cvjK t jvj i‡Oi
wW‡gi †Lvmv t ev`vwg i‡Oi
IRb t cÖvßeq¯‹ †gviM− 3.9 †KwR
cÖvßeq¯‹ gyiwM− 2.9 †KwR
wWg Drcv`b t eQ‡i 150-200wU
3. wbD n¨v¤úkvqvi (New Hampshire) t †ivW AvBj¨vÛ †iW Rv‡Zi mv‡_ Ab¨ Rv‡Zi wgjb
NwU‡q G RvZwU‡K ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡`i‡K wWg I gvsm Dfq Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ cvjb Kiv
hvq| Giv †ek Kómwnòz|
Drcw˯’j t Av‡gwiKvi wbD n¨v¤úkvqvi
DcRvZ t †Kv‡bv DcRvZ †bB
mvaviY ˆewkó¨vejx
†`n t †ivW AvBj¨vÛ †i‡Wi †P‡q A‡c¶vK…Z Kg AvqZvKvi
gv_vi SuywU t GKK SuywUwewkó
Kv‡bi jwZ t jvj i‡Oi
cv‡qi bvjv t cvjKwenxb
Mv‡qi Pvgov t njy` i‡Oi
cvjK t Zvgv‡U jvj, Z‡e †j‡Ri cvjK¸‡jv Kv‡jv
wW‡gi †Lvmv t ev`vwg i‡Oi
IRb t cÖvßeq¯‹ †gviM- 3.9 †KwR
cÖvßeq¯‹ gyiwM- 2.9 †KwR
wWg Drcv`b t eQ‡i 140-160wU
2. wgbK©v (Minorca) t f‚ga¨mvMixq RvZ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wgbK©v †ek eo I fvwi| Giv †Zgb
fv‡jv wWg Drcv`b K‡i bv e‡j RbwcÖqZvI Kg| Giv †iv` mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
2. KwY©k (Cornish) t KwY©k Rv‡Zi Avmj bvg n‡jv ÔBwÛqvb †MgÕ| Giv gvsm Drcv`‡bi
Rb¨ weL¨vZ| eªqjvi †÷ªBb ˆZwii Rb¨ KwY©k †gviM e¨envi Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
Drcw˯’j t Bsj¨vÛ
DcRvZ t 4wU; G‡`i g‡a¨ mv`v DcRvZ me‡P‡q RbwcÖq
mvaviY ˆewkó¨vejx
†`n t gvsmj I gReyZ
gv_vi SzuwU t gUi SuywUwewkó
Kv‡bi jwZ t jvj i‡Oi
cv t j¤^v I PIov
cv‡qi bvjv t cvjKwenxb
Mv‡qi Pvgov t njy` i‡Oi
cvjK t G‡`i cvjK LyeB †QvU Ges †`‡ni mv‡_ †j‡M _v‡K
wW‡gi †Lvmv t ev`vwg i‡Oi
IRb t cÖvßeq¯‹ †gviM- 4.8 †KwR
cÖvßeq¯‹ gyiwM- 3.8 †KwR
3. mv‡m· (Sussex) t mv‡m· n‡jv me‡P‡q cy‡iv‡bv RvZ| Giv wWg I gvsm Dfq Drcv`‡bi
Rb¨B cvjb Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
Drcw˯’j t Bsj¨vÛ
DcRvZ t 3wU
mvaviY ˆewkó¨vejx
†`n t AvqZvKvi
Kvua t PIov
gv_vi SzuwU t GKK SuywUwewkó
Kv‡bi jwZ t jvj i‡Oi
cv‡qi bvjv t cvjKwenxb
Mv‡qi Pvgov t mv`v i‡Oi
mvaviY ˆewkó¨vejx
AvKvi t eo
†`n t fvwi I Nb cvj‡K XvKv
gv_vi SuywU t gUi SuywUwewkó
Kv‡bi jwZ t jvj i‡Oi
cv‡qi bvjv t cvjKhy³, gvsmj I njy` i‡Oi
Mv‡qi Pvgov t njy` i‡Oi
wW‡gi †Lvmv t ev`vwg i‡Oi
IRb t cÖvßeq¯‹ †gviM- 5.4 †KwR
cÖvßeq¯‹ gyiwM- 4.3 †KwR
2. †KvwPb (Cochin) t †KvwPb RvZ ÔmvsnvB dvDjÕ bv‡gI cwiwPZ| G‡`i‡K gvsm I cvjK
Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ cvjb Kiv n‡q _v‡K| G‡`i cvjK wewfbœ i‡Oi n‡q _v‡K|
Drcw˯’j t Px‡bi mvsnvB AÂj
DcRvZ t 4wU
mvaviY ˆewkó¨vejx
AvKvi t eo
SuywU t GKK SuywUwewkó
Kv‡bi jwZ t jvj i‡Oi
cv‡qi bvjv t gvsmj I cvjKhy³
Mv‡qi Pvgov t njy` i‡Oi
wW‡gi †Lvmv t ev`vwg i‡Oi
IRb t cÖvßeq¯‹ †gviM- 5.0 †KwR
cÖvßeq¯‹ gyiwM- 3.9 †KwR
Avgv‡`i †`‡k wWg ev Avwmj (Asil) t Avwmj A_©vr Avmj ev LvuwU| GwU evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU weï× Rv‡Zi gyiwM|
gvsm Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ PÆMÖvg †Rjvi Av‡bvqviv _vbv I eªvþYevwoqv †Rjvi mivBj _vbvq G Rv‡Zi gyiwM cvIqv hvq|
†Zgb †Kv‡bv fvi‡Zi nvq`vivev` A‡jI G‡`i cvIqv hvq| Giv †ek eo nq| G‡`i †`‡ni MVb ewjô I
D‡j- L‡hvM¨ Rv‡Zi `„p, Mjv I cv `y‡Uv j¤^v, gv_v †ek PIov, Kv‡bi jwZ Lye †QvU nq| G‡`i gv_vq gUi SuywU
gyiwM †bB|
_v‡K| †`‡n cvjK Lye Kg _v‡K I cvj‡Ki iO jvj nq| G‡`i A‡bK¸‡jv DcRvZ i‡q‡Q|
G Rv‡Zi †gviM fv‡jv jovB Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvB A‡b‡K kL K‡i G‡`i cvjb K‡i _v‡Kb|
G‡`i gvsm Lye my¯^v`y| Giv wWg Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ fv‡jv bq| cÖvßeq¯‹ †gviM I gyiwMi IRb
h_vµ‡g 4.0-4.5 I 3.0-3.5 †KwR nq|
eZ©gv‡b weï× Rv‡Zi gyiwM¸‡jv we‡k¦i †Kv_vIB evwYwR¨KwfwˇZ †cvlv nq bv| evsjv‡`‡k
miKvix gyiwM Lvvgvi¸‡jv‡Z weï× Rv‡Zi gyiwM cvjb Kiv n‡q _v‡K| Gme Lvgv‡ii
gyiwM¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †nvqvBU †jMnb©, †ivW AvBj¨vÛ †iW Ges dvBIwg Rv‡Zi gyiwMB cªavb|
eZ©gv‡b weÁvwbiv M‡elYv I DbœZ evQvB cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g wWg I gvsm Drcv`bKvix wewfbœ
†÷ªB‡bi gyiwM Drcv`b K‡i‡Qb| G¸‡jv h_vµ‡g †jqvi I eªqjvi bv‡g cwiwPZ| evsjv‡`‡k
†emiKvix ch©v‡q eûmsL¨K evwYwR¨K †jqvi I eªqjvi M‡o D‡V‡Q|
wWg Drcv`‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ †jqvi (Layer) t wWg Drcv`‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ e¨eüZ gyiwM‡K †jqvi gyiwM e‡j| eZ©gvb we‡k¦i
e¨eüZ gyiwM‡K †jqvi †ewkifvM evwYwR¨K †jqviB 18-19 mßv‡ni g‡a¨ wWgcvov ïiy K‡i Ges GKvav‡i GK eQ‡i
gyiwM e‡j| 290-300wU wWg cv‡o| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †÷ªB‡bi †jqvi eQ‡i GgbKx 330wU ch©šÍ wWg
cvo‡Z m¶g| G‡`i wW‡gi IRb 55-65 Mªvg n‡q _v‡K| eZ©gvb we‡k¦i AwaK Drcv`bkxj
†jqvi¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Bmv eªvDb, nvB‡m· †nvqvBU, nvB‡m· eªvDb, †kfvi ÷vi µm 579, †kfvi
÷vi µm 566, we.wf.-300, we.wf.-380, †jvng¨vb eªvDb, nvBjvBb eªvDb, e¨v‡evjbv †UUªv
Gm.Gj., wbK wPK, eªvDb wbK, †evfvbm †Mvì jvBb cÖf…wZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨| G¸‡jv eZ©gv‡b
evsjv‡`‡kI cvIqv hv‡”Q|
eªqjvi (Broiler) t eªqjvi n‡jv big I my¯^v`y gvsm Drcv`bKvix gyiwM †h¸‡jv 35-42 w`‡b
eªqjvi n‡jv big I my¯^v`y
gvsm Drcv`bKvix gyiwM cÖvq 3-3.5 †KwR Lv`¨ †L‡q 1.8 †KwR gvsm Drcv`b K‡i _v‡K| gvÎ 6 mßvn cvjb Kivi ci
†h¸‡jv 6 mßv‡n cÖvq 3-3.5 eªqjvi evRviRvZ Kiv nq| eªqjv‡ii gvsm eZ©gv‡b G‡`‡k †ek RbwcÖqZv jvf K‡i‡Q|
†KwR Lv`¨ †L‡q 1.8 †KwR eZ©gv‡b we‡k¦i evwYwR¨K eªqjvi¸‡jvi g‡a¨ ÷vi †eªv, UªwcK †eªv, Bmv †f‡WU, Aviei A¨vK&i,
gvsm Drcv`b K‡i _v‡K| im eªqjvi, nveevW© eªqjvi, wcjP& eªqjvi cÖf…wZ D‡j- L‡hvM¨| G¸‡jv eZ©gv‡b G‡`‡kI cvIqv
hv‡”Q|
M„ncvwjZ nuvm¸‡jvi (domestic duck) †ek KwU cÖRvwZ Av‡Q| †hgb- gvjvW© (Mallard),
gvm‡Kvwf BZ¨vw`| gvjvW© nuvm †_‡K †ewkifvM M„ncvwjZ nvu‡mi DrcwË n‡q‡Q| Gi ˆeÁvwbK
bvg Anas platyrhynchos (A¨vbvm c ¨vwUwibKm)| wewfbœ Rv‡Zi nuvm‡K wewfbœ D‡Ï‡k¨
D‡Ïk¨ Abyhvqx nuv‡mi wewfbœ cvjb Kiv nq| †hgb- wWg Drcv`b, gvsm Drcv`b, †kvfvea©b BZ¨vw`| Kv‡RB D‡Ïk¨ Abyhvqx
RvZ¸‡jv‡K wZbwU †kªYx‡Z fvM nuv‡mi wewfbœ RvZ¸‡jv‡K wbæwjwLZ wZbwU †kªYx‡Z fvM Kiv hvq| †hgb-
Kiv hvq| †hgb- gvsm
Drcv`bKvix, wWg Drcv`bKvix 1 gvsm Drcv`bKvix RvZ
I †kvfvea©K RvZ| 2 wWg Drcv`bKvix RvZ
3 †kvfvea©K RvZ
G cv‡V G wZb †kªYxi wewfbœ Rv‡Zi nuv‡mi Drcw˯’j, ˆ`wnK ˆewkó¨ I Drcv`b ¶gZv eY©bv
Kiv n‡q‡Q|
2. AvB‡jmevwi (Aylesbury)
Drcw˯’j t Bsj¨vÛ
mvaviY ˆewkó¨vejx
†`n t j¤^v I Mfxi; gv_v I †`n memgq Lvov K‡i iv‡L
gv_v t eo, †mvRv I j¤^v
wcV t †mvRv
cv t D¾j Kgjv i‡Oi
cvjK t mv`v i‡Oi
IRb t cÖvßeq¯‹ nvumv− 4.5 †KwR
cÖvßeq¯‹ nvuwm− 4.0 †KwR
wWg Drcv`b t eQ‡i 80-100wU
3. gvm‡Kvwf (Muscovy) : G Rv‡Zi nuv‡mi `y‡Uv DcRvZ Av‡Q| †hgb− mv`v gvm‡Kvwf I
iwOb gvm‡Kvwf|
Drcw˯’j t `w¶Y Av‡gwiKv
mvaviY ˆewkó¨vejx
†`n t AvKv‡i eo, j¤^v I cÖk¯—
†VvuU t mv`v DcRvZ− nvjKv gqjv
iwOb DcRvZ− Kv‡jv ev †k- ‡Ui i‡Oi
cv t mv`v DcRvZ− nvjKv Kgjv-njy`
iwOb DcRvZ− Kv‡jv
cvjK t mv`v DcRvZ− mv`v i‡Oi
iwOb DcRvZ− Kv‡jv I mv`vi wgkªY
IRb t cÖvßeq¯‹ nvumv− 5.0-5.5 †KwR
cÖvßeq¯‹ nvuwm− 2.5-3.0 †KwR
wWg Drcv`b t eQ‡i 160-170wU
3. †iv‡qb (Rouen)
Drcw˯’j t d«v‡Ýi †iv‡qb kni
mvaviY ˆewkó¨vejx
†`n t cÖk¯—, †`L‡Z my›`i
gv_v t †ek eo, j¤^v I cÖk¯—
†VvuU t P¨vÞv; nvumvi †VvuU D¾¡j jvj Ges meyRvf njy` I Kv‡jv
wejhy³, nvuwmi †VvuU D¾¡j Kgjv I Kv‡jv wejhy³
IRb t cÖvßeq¯‹ nvumv− 4.5 †KwR
cÖvßeq¯‹ nvuwm− 4.0 †KwR
wWg Drcv`b t eQ‡i cÖvq 100wU
2. LvwK K¨v¤ú‡ej (Khaki Campbell) t Bsj¨v‡Ûi wg‡mm K¨v¤ú‡ej bv‡g GKRb gwnjv
1901 mv‡j G Rv‡Zi nuvm D™¢veb K‡ib| Zvui bvgvbymv‡i Ges nvu‡mi Mv‡qi iO LvwK nIqvq
G Rv‡Zi nvu‡mi bvg n‡q‡Q LvwK K¨v¤ú‡ej| G Rv‡Zi `y‡Uv DcRvZ i‡q‡Q| h_v−
mv`v I LvwK|
Drcw˯’j t Bsj¨vÛ
mvaviY ˆewkó¨vejx
†`n t Mfxi, cÖk¯—, Avu‡Uvmv‡Uv I mvg‡bi fvM †MvjvKvi; †jR
A‡c¶vK…Z Lv‡Uv I P¨vÞv
gv_v t †MvjvKvi
†VvuU t gvSvwi AvKv‡ii Ges meyRvf bxj i‡Oi
Mjv t wPKb, †mvRv, gm„Y I gvSvwi j¤^v
Wvbv t Auv‡Uvmv‡Uv
cvjK t LvwK i‡Oi
cv I cv‡qi cvZv t nvumv− Kgjv i‡Oi
nvuwm− cvj‡Ki i‡Oi mv‡_ wgj _vK‡e
IRb t cÖvßeq¯‹ nvumv− 2.0-2.5 †KwR
cÖvßeq¯‹ nvuwm− 1.0-1.5 †KwR
wWg Drcv`b t eQ‡i 200-250wU
3. †RbwWs (Zending) t G‡`‡k G Rv‡Zi nvu‡mi RbwcÖqZv w`b w`b evo‡Q| Giv jeYv³
GjvKvi Rb¨ †ek Dc‡hvMx|
Drcw˯’j t Pxb
mvaviY ˆewkó¨vejx
Giv AvKv‡i LvwK K¨v¤ú‡e‡ji g‡Zv| G‡`i Mjv wPKb I LyeB j¤^v| nvumvi gv_v I
Nv‡oi Ask D¾¦j meyR i‡Oi Ges Ab¨vb¨ Ask LvwK i‡Oi| nvuwmi i‡O LvwK I Kv‡jvi
wgkªY| Giv LvwK K¨v¤ú‡ej A‡c¶v gv_v I kixi wKQyUv DuPz K‡i Pjv‡div K‡i| 110
w`‡bi g‡a¨ G‡`i cwic°Zv Av‡m| cÖvßeq¯‹ nvumv I nvuwmi IRb h_vµ‡g 1.5-2.0 I
1.0-1.5 †KwR| Giv eQ‡i 260-300wU ch©š— bxj‡P i‡Oi wWg †c‡o _v‡K|
Abykxjb (Activity) t gvsm I wWg Drcv`bKvix wewfbœ Rv‡Zi nuv‡mi ˆ`wnK I Drcv`b
ˆewkó¨vejx QK AvKv‡i wjLyb|
†`kx nvum
Gme RvZ QvovI i‡q‡Q Avgv‡`i †`kx nvum| G‡`‡ki †gvU nvu‡mi kZKiv 95 fvMB †`kx
nvum| G‡`i gvsm my¯^v`y| †`‡ni Zzjbvq Mjv Lv‡Uv| †`n gvwU‡K cÖvq ¯úk© K‡i| G‡`i †`‡ni
e‡Y© wewfbœ i‡Oi wgkªY †`Lv hvq| Mo ˆ`wnK IRb 1.0 †KwR| Giv eQ‡i 60-70wU wWg
Drcv`b K‡i _v‡K|
†Kv‡q‡ji RvZ/DcRvZ
evwYwR¨K Rvcvwb †Kv‡q‡ji A‡bK¸‡jv RvZ I DcRvZ i‡q‡Q| RvZ I DcRvZ‡f‡` G‡`i
Mv‡qi iO, IRb, AvKvi, AvK…wZ, wWg cvovi nvi, wW‡gi IRb, †eu‡P _vKvi nvi BZ¨vw`‡Z
†ek cv_©K¨ n‡q _v‡K| cÖwZwU RvZ I DcRvZ †_‡K DbœZ evQvB cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g cÖRbb NwU‡q
wewfbœ †÷ªBb (strain) I jvBb (line) m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q| †÷ªBb‡f‡` †Kv‡q‡ji wWg cvov,
wW‡gi IRb, gvsm Drcv`b ¶gZv cÖf…wZ‡Z wKQyUv cv_©K¨ j¶¨ Kiv hvq|
eªvDb †Kv‡qj bv‡g GKwU †÷ªBb ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k wW‡gi Rb¨ dvivI Ges eªvDb
`ycÖKv‡ii †Kv‡qjB cvjb Kiv nq|
†jqvi †Kv‡q‡ji ˆewkó¨ t Rvcvwb †Kv‡qj †QvULvU I MvÆv‡MvÆv cvwL| G‡`i †VuvU, Nvo I cv
†jqvi †Kv‡qj¸‡jv RvZ‡f‡`
150-200 MÖvg n‡q _v‡K| Lv‡Uv, †jR †QvU| cvj‡Ki Zzjbvq †`n (gvsm, nvo I bvwof‚uwo) †ewk fvwi| †Vuv‡Ui AvMv †_‡K
Giv eQ‡i 290-300wU iwOb †j‡Ri WMv ch©š— G‡KKwU †Kv‡qj M‡o 17.5 †m.wg. j¤^v nq| IR‡b RvZ‡f‡` 150-200
Kvi KvRhy³ wWg cv‡o| MÖvg ch©š— n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e Avgv‡`i †`‡k Avbv g`©v I gvw` †Kv‡qj¸‡jvi IRb h_vµ‡g
120-130 MÖvg I 140-150 MÖvg n‡q _v‡K| †Kv‡q‡ji wWg¸‡jv AZ¨š— my›`i| wW‡gi †Lvmvi
iO Mvp nj‡` †_‡K nvjKv ev`vwg| †Lvmvi G i‡Oi Dci _v‡K AmsL¨ †QvUeo bxj, †e¸wb,
L‡qwi ev P‡Kv‡jU i‡Oi Kvi“KvR ev `vM| G‡KK †Kv‡q‡ji wW‡gi Kvi“KvR ev
Kvi“Kv‡Ri iO G‡KK iKg nq| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv jvB‡bi †Kv‡qj eQ‡i 290-300wU wWg
cv‡o|
dvivI †Kv‡q‡ji cvj‡Ki iO dvivI †Kv‡q‡ji ˆewkó¨ t dvivI †Kv‡q‡ji cvj‡Ki iO ûeû ey‡bv Rvcvwb †Kv‡q‡ji g‡Zv|
ûeû ey‡bv Rvcvwb †Kv‡q‡ji G‡`i cvj‡Ki iO ev`vwg| Z‡e mviv Mv‡q Mvp P‡Kv‡jU ev Kv‡jv i‡Oi †Qvc _v‡K| cÖvßeq¯‹
g‡Zv| Giv 6-7 mßvn eq‡m g`©v¸‡jvi ey‡Ki Dc‡ii Ask nj‡` ev`vwg Ges wb‡Pi Ask nvjKv ev`vwg, Avi gyLgÛ‡ji
wWg cvov ïiy K‡i| iOUv L‡qwi| gvw`¸‡jvi gyLgÛj, Nvo I ey‡Ki Dc‡ii Ask ev`vwg| ey‡Ki Dc‡ii As‡ki G
ev`vwg i‡Oi Dci Kv‡jv ev L‡qwi †MvjvKvi †duvUv _v‡K| G‡`i ey‡Ki wb‡Pi AskUv Zvgv‡U|
m`¨‡dvUv 6-7 MÖvg IR‡bi ev”Pv¸‡jvi Mv‡qi †Kvgj cvj‡Ki iO nj‡`| Gi Dci L‡qwi ev
Kv‡jv i‡Oi †Qvc _v‡K| Giv 6-7 mßvn eq‡m wWg cvov ïiy K‡i| AvU mßv‡n wWg Drcv`b
50% G †cŠu‡Q| `k mßv‡n Zv †e‡o wM‡q 80% nq Ges 15 mßv‡ni g‡a¨ wWg Drcv`b
m‡e©v”P ch©v‡q (90%) †cŠuQvq| Giv 75% wWg we‡Kj 3-6 Uvi g‡a¨ Ges evwK wWg G mg‡qi
c‡i †c‡o _v‡K|
eªvDb †Kv‡q‡ji cvj‡Ki eªvDb †Kv‡q‡ji ˆewkó¨ t eªvDb †Kv‡q‡ji cvj‡Ki i‡Oi aib dvivI †Kv‡q‡ji g‡ZvB wKš‘ iO
i‡Oi aib dvivI †Kv‡q‡ji G‡Kev‡iB nvjKv; †Kv‡bv Kvj‡Pfve †bB| Z‡e g`©v¸‡jvi gyLgÛ‡ji iO dvivI DcRv‡Zi
g‡ZvB wKš‘ iO G‡Kev‡iB †_‡KI Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e †ewk L‡qwi nq| ev”Pv¸‡jvi †Kvgj cvj‡Ki iO nj‡`| Z‡e G
nvjKv| Giv AZ¨všÍ
kvšÍcÖK„wZi|
nj‡`i Dc‡ii †Qvc¸‡jv Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e nvjKv| Giv AZ¨šÍ kvšÍ cÖK…wZi, dvivI †Kv‡q‡ji
g‡Zv gvivgvwi ev †VvKivVzKwi K‡i bv| GQvov evwK me ˆewkó¨ cÖvq dvivI †Kv‡q‡ji g‡ZvB|
M„ncvwjZ ivRnuv‡mi (domestic goose) ˆeÁvwbK bvg Anser answer (Avbmvi A¨vbmvi)|
ivRnvum g~jZ gvsm Drcv`‡bi Rb¨B cvjb Kiv nq| AvKv‡i gvSvwi Rv‡Zi Drcv`b ¶gZv
†ewk| Z…Ygq GjvKvq ivRnvum cvjb Ki‡j Lv`¨ LiP Kg nq| ivRnvu‡mi wWg Drcv`b
ivRnvum g~jZ gvsm †gŠmywg| UjyDBm Ges A¨v¤^‡Wb‡K m‡ev©rK…ó RvZ wn‡m‡e g‡b Kiv nq| me ivRnvumB mvnmx
Drcv`‡bi Rb¨B cvjb Ges AwaK Rxebxkw³i AwaKvix| GLv‡b K‡qKwU Rv‡Zi ivRnuv‡mi msw¶ß eY©bv †`qv
Kiv nq| n‡q‡Q|
UjyDBm gvsmj I eo 1. UjyDBm ivRnvum (Toulouse geese) t G‡`i DrcwË d«v‡Ý| Giv gvsmj I eo AvKv‡ii
AvKv‡ii ivRnuvm| ivRnuvm| †`n j¤^v, cÖk¯— I Mfxi hv gvwUi mgvšÍivj K‡i iv‡L| UjyDBm ivRnuv‡mi Ab¨Zg
ˆewkó¨ n‡jv G‡`i eyK DuPz, cyiy I Mfxi| Wvbv j¤^v, †jR Lv‡Uv, gv_v eo, †VuvU gReyZ, Mjv
j¤^v I cyiy Ges cv gReyZ| cvj‡Ki i‡O Mvp I nvjKv a~m‡ii wgkªY †`Lv hvq| †VvuU, cv I
cv‡qi cvZv Kgjv Ges †PvL †Nvjv ev`vwg i‡Oi| cÖvßeq¯‹ nvumv I nvuwmi IRb h_vµ‡g 12.7-
13.0 I 9.1-10.0 †KwR n‡q _v‡K|
Avwd«Kvb ivRnvum AvKv‡i 3. Avwd«Kvb ivRnvum t Giv AvKv‡i †ek eo I j¤^v| gv_v cÖk¯— I Mfxi| gv_vq eo ai‡bi
†ek eo I j¤^v| ¸wU _v‡K| gv_v Lvuov K‡i Pjv‡div K‡i| wcV cÖk¯Í, P¨vÞv I j¤^v| eyK †MvjvKvi| Wvbv eo
I gReyZ Ges †jR eo| G‡`i MjK¤^j i‡q‡Q hv cyiy I eo| cv gvSvwi j¤^v| nvumv I nvuwm
Df‡qi gv_vi iO nvjKv ev`vwg| Mjvi cvjK nvjKv a~mi ev`vwg Ges kix‡ii evwK As‡ki
cvj‡K cÖk¯Í I Kvj‡P ev`vwg †WvivKvUv `vM _v‡K| cÖvßeq¯‹ nvumv I nvuwmi IRb h_vµ‡g
9.10 I 8.15 †KwR n‡q _v‡K|
4. Avwd«Kvb mv`v ivRnvum t G‡`i AvKvi-AvK…wZ I Aeqe Avwd«Kvb ivRnuv‡mi g‡ZvB| Z‡e,
cvj‡Ki iO mv`v|
Av‡gwiKvb a~mi ivRnvum 5. Av‡gwiKvb a~mi ivRnvum t Giv AvKv‡i gvSvwi| eyK cÖk¯— I Mfxi| Nvo †_‡K †jR
AvKv‡i gvSvwi| Pjv‡divi ch©š— cvjK abyK AvK…wZi| †j‡R _v‡K P¨vÞv Lvov cvjK| gv_v AvKv‡i gvSvwi I
mgq Lvuov I gvSvwi j¤^v wW¤^vK…wZi| Lvuov I gvSvwi j¤^v MjvwU Pjv‡divi mgq DuPz K‡i iv‡L| gv_vi cvjK d¨vKv‡m
MjvwU DuPz K‡i iv‡L|
a~mi Ges Zv eyK ch©šÍ we¯Í„Z| kix‡ii cvjK nvjKv a~mi i‡Oi Ges Zv µgk d¨vKv‡m n‡q
†cU, wcV I †j‡R mv`v cvj‡K iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡q‡Q| †j‡Ri cvj‡K ev`vwg I mv`vi wgkªY n‡jI
cÖvš—¸‡jv d¨vKv‡k a~mi| †VuvU, cv Ges cv‡qi cvZv Kgjv i‡Oi| Z‡e †PvL †Nvjv‡U Kv‡jv|
cÖvßeq¯‹ nvumv I nvuwmi IRb h_vµ‡g 8.15 I 7.25 †KwR n‡q _v‡K|
a~mi †eªKb ivRnvum LyeB 6. a~mi †eªKb ivRnvum t Giv AvKv‡i gvSvwi Ges AZ¨šÍ gvsmj| G Rv‡Zi ivRnvu‡mi DrcwË
cÖvYPÂj Ges De©i wn‡m‡e e„‡U‡b| G RvZ LyeB cÖvYPÂj Ges De©i wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| G‡`i kixi cÖk¯Í, eyK †MvjvKvi,
cwiwPZ| Wvbv eo I gReyZ, Mjv wPKb I j¤^v| G Rv‡Zi cv Lv‡Uv I cvjK Avu‡Uvmv‡Uv| nvumv I nvuwm
Df‡qi cvjK Nb a~mi i‡Oi| cv I †VuvU jvj‡P Ges †PvL Mvp ev`vwg| nvumv I nvuwmi IRb
h_vµ‡g 8.90 I 7.25 †KwR n‡q _v‡K|
a~mi wcVIqvjv ivRnvu‡mi 7. a~mi wcVIqvjv ivRnvum t G Rv‡Zi DrcwË BD‡iv‡c| kixi gvwUi mgvšÍivj| AvKv‡i
kixi gvwUi mgvšÍivj| Giv gvSvwi| wcV euvKv‡bv| j¤^v Wvbv †j‡Ri cvjKI AwZµg K‡i| gv_v cÖk¯Í I my›`i| eo eo
AvKv‡i gvSvwi| †PvL, gv_vi cvjK a~mi| Mjvi Dc‡ii cvjK a~mi, wb‡Pi cvjK mv`v| wc‡Vi a~mi cvj‡Ki
cÖvš— mv`v| eyK, kixi, cvLv, †jR mv`v| Z‡e Wvbvi cÖv_wgK I gva¨wgK cvj‡Ki gv_v¸‡jv
a~mi i‡Oi| †VuvU Kgjv, †PvL bxj, cv I cv‡qi cvZv Kgjv i‡Oi| cÖvßeq¯‹ nvumv I nuvwm
IR‡b h_vµ‡g 7.7 I 6.8 †KwR n‡q _v‡K|
Pxbv ivRnvum AvKv‡i †QvU| 8. Pxbv ivRnvum t Pxbv ivRnvum AvKv‡i †QvU| Giv LyeB De©i Rv‡Zi ivRnuvm| G‡`i †`n
Giv LyeB De©i Rv‡Zi myVvg I Lvov| Giv AZ¨šÍ Zrci| G‡`i wcV †ek Lv‡Uv I cÖk¯—| eyK †MvjKvi, Wvbv j¤^v I
ivRnuvm| gReyZ Ges Zv kix‡ii mv‡_ gReyZfv‡e Gu‡U _v‡K| G‡`i gvSvwi AvKv‡ii gv_vq eo
AvKv‡ii ¸wU _v‡K| Mjv Lye j¤^v; A‡bKUv †mvqv‡bi (Swan) g‡Zv| cv Lv‡Uv I gReyZ;
`ycv‡qi gvSLv‡bi `~iZ¡ †ewk| Pxbv ivRnuvm `yai‡bi n‡q _v‡K, †hgb- m¤ú~Y© mv`v I ev`vwg
a~mi i‡Oi| cÖvßeq¯‹ nvumv I nvuwmi IRb h_vµ‡g 4.55-5.45 I 3.60-4.55 †KwR n‡q
_v‡K|
QvB i‡Oi wcVIqvjv 9. QvB i‡Oi wcVIqvjv ivRnvum t G‡`i DrcwË Av‡gwiKvq| Giv AvKv‡i gvSvwi| G‡`i cÖavb
ivRnvu‡mi cÖavb ˆewkó¨ n‡jv ˆewkó¨ n‡jv eyK cyiy I gvsmj, wcV evuKv, gv_v eo I euvKv‡bv| gv_vi iO mv`v| Z‡e Mjvi
G‡`i eyK cyi“ I gvsmj, Dc‡ii iO QvB Ges wb‡Pi iO mv`v| wc‡Vi iO mv`v| †VuvU jvj‡P, †PvL bxj Ges cv I cv‡qi
wcV evuKv, gv_v eo I
evuKv‡bv|
cvZv jvj‡P| cÖvßeq¯‹ nvumv I nvuwmi IRb h_vµ‡g 7.7 I 6.8 †KwR nq|
wcj MÖxgm Rv‡Zi DrcwË 10. wcj MÖxgm t G Rv‡Zi DrcwË e„‡U‡b| G‡`i eyK Mfxi, cyiy I gvsmj| Wvbv j¤^v I
e„‡U‡b| G‡`i eyK Mfxi, gReyZ| †`n mvgvb¨ Lvov| gvSvwi AvKv‡ii gv_vwU wW¤^vK…wZi| cvjK k³, D¾¡j I
cyi“ I gvsmj| Auv‡Uvmv‡Uv| nvumv mv`v i‡Oi; Z‡e Gi Wvbv I wc‡V a~mi i‡Oi `vM Av‡Q| nvuwmi gv_vq mv`v
I a~mi i‡Oi wgkªY| Mjv I ey‡Ki a~mi i‡Oi cvjK µgk †cQb w`‡K d¨vKv‡k n‡Z n‡Z mv`v
i‡O cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| †VuvU Kgjv Ges †PvL †Nvjv ev`vwg i‡Oi| cv I cv‡qi cvZv Kgjv i‡Oi|
cÖvßeq¯‹ nvumv I nvuwmi IRb h_vµ‡g 6.35 I 5.90 †KwR n‡q _v‡K|
†ivgvb ivRnvum AvKv‡i 11. †ivgvb ivRnvum t G‡`i DrcwË f‚ga¨mvMixq GjvKvq| Giv AvKv‡i †QvU| D¾¡j mv`v
†QvU| D¾¡j mv`v i‡Oi G i‡Oi G ivRnvu‡mi †`n myVvg, Mfxi I †MvjvKvi| Giv ¯^fv‡e kvšÍ| †`‡n nv‡oi Zzjbvq
ivRnvu‡mi †`n myVvg, Mfxi AvbycvwZK nv‡i gvs‡mi cwigvY †ewk| Mjv Lvov| cv Lv‡Uv| †VuvU, cv I cv‡qi cvZv Kgjv
I †MvjvKvi|
Ges †PvL nvjKv bxj i‡Oi| cÖvßeq¯‹ nvumv I nvuwmi IRb h_vµ‡g 5.45-6.35 I 4.55-
5.45 †KwR n‡q _v‡K|
G‡`‡k evwYwR¨KwfwˇZ †`kx ivRnvum t evsjv‡`‡k ivuRnvm cvjb †Zgb RbwcÖq bq| evwYwR¨KwfwˇZ G‡`‡k ivRnuvm
ivRnuvm †cvlv nq bv| †cvlv nq bv| Z‡e A‡b‡K mL K‡i cy‡l _v‡Kb| G cv‡V ewY©Z ivRnuv‡mi RvZ¸‡jvi g‡a¨
GKwUI G‡`‡k †bB| G‡`‡ki †`kx ivRnuvm¸‡jvi g‡a¨ `yai‡bi iO †`Lv hvq| GKwUi †`‡ni
iO wKQyUv Avwd«Kvb ivRnuv‡mi i‡Oi b¨vq| Ab¨wU cy‡ivcywi mv`v|
KeyZ‡ii cwiwPwZ
KeyZi kvwš—i cÖZxK wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| c„w_exi me©Î KeyZi †`Lv hvq| gvbyl I KeyZ‡ii
m¤úK© AwZ cÖvPxbKv‡ji| Z‡e K‡e, KLb, †Kv_vq KeyZ‡ii m‡½ gvby‡li cÖ_g m¤úK© M‡o
KeyZ‡ii m‡½ gvby‡li cÖ_g
D‡VwQj Zv wb‡q gZ‡f` i‡q‡Q| RxeweÁvbxiv wek¦vm K‡ib, KeyZ‡ii m‡½ gvby‡li cÖ_g
cwiPq N‡U AvR †_‡K cÖvq cwiPq N‡U AvR †_‡K cÖvq 5,000-6,000 eQi Av‡M| cÖvq GK nvRvi eQi Av‡M G‡`iB
5,000-6,000 eQi Av‡M| GKwU cÖRvwZ‡K †cvl gvwb‡q M„ncvwjZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e, G wb‡qI h‡_ó gZ‡f` i‡q‡Q|
ZvQvov cÖ_g †Kv_vq G‡`i †cvl gvbv‡bv n‡qwQj Zv wb‡qI h‡_ó gZ‡f` i‡q‡Q| †KD e‡jb
wjweqvq, †KD e‡jb e¨vwej‡b| Avevi A‡b‡K e‡jb, wgkwiqivB me©cÖ_g KeyZi †cvlv ïiy
K‡i| †m hvB †nvK, gvbe mf¨Zvi weKv‡k KeyZ‡ii h‡_ó Ae`vb I ¸iyZ¡ i‡q‡Q|
cÎ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨g wn‡m‡e GK mgq evZ©vevnK KeyZi e¨vcKfv‡e e¨eüZ n‡Zv| wMÖm,
wgki, Pxb, e„‡Ub cÖf…wZ eû †`‡k KeyZi‡K ÔWvK evnKÕ wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| fviZel©
kvmb Avg‡j †gvNjiv KeyZi‡K cÖwk¶Y w`‡q hy‡×i Kv‡R e¨envi K‡i‡Qb| Ávbx gymwjg mywd
mvaK I Bmjvg ag© cÖPviK nhiZ kvnRvjvj (it) G‡`‡k Avmvi mgq m‡½ K‡i KeyZi wb‡q
G‡mwQ‡jb †h¸‡jvi eskaiivB AvR ÔRvjvwj KeyZiÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ|
M„ncvwjZ KeyZ‡ii DrcwË cvnvwo KeyZi (rock pigeon) ev Columba livia (†Kvjv¤^v
M„ncvwjZ KeyZ‡ii DrcwË
cvnvwo KeyZi †_‡K hviv wjweqv) †_‡K hviv †`L‡Z A‡bKUv Rvjvwj KeyZ‡ii g‡Zv| wek¦e¨vcx M„ncvwjZ KeyZ‡ii cÖvq
†`L‡Z A‡bKUv Rvjvwj 600wU RvZ i‡q‡Q| Avi G‡`i G‡KKwUi AvKvi, Mob, iO, IRb I ¸YI G‡KK iKg|
KeyZ‡ii g‡Zv| c„w_ex‡Z cÖvq c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡k wewfbœ Rv‡Zi KeyZi i‡q‡Q| Av‡gwiKvi wmjfvi I †nvqvBU wKs;
600 Rv‡Zi KeyZi i‡q‡Q| BD‡iv‡ci †nvgvi, †nvmv; Rvcv‡bi gywj- ; Px‡bi MRexb; fvi‡Zi jv°v, wMwievR, gq~icw•L,
R¨v‡Kvweb; Biv‡bi wmivwR; wgm‡ii eveiv BZ¨vw` weL¨vZ KeyZ‡ii RvZ| GQvovI i‡q‡Q ej,
wPjøv, mymvÏvg, mvwU©b, Uªv‡¤úU, Uv¤^jvi Ges AviI A‡bK Rv‡Zi KeyZi| Avgv‡`i †`kxq
Rv‡Zi KeyZ‡ii g‡a¨ †Mvjv, †Mvwj, WvDKv, KvDqv, nvgKv”Qv, †jvUb, gyw° BZ¨vw` cÖavb|
G‡`i g‡a¨ wKs, KvibvD Ges †nvgvi we‡k¦ †¯‹vqve Drcv`‡b L¨vwZm¤úbœ| GLv‡b †¯‹vqve
Drcv`bKvix wZbwU Rv‡Zi KeyZ‡ii msw¶ß eY©bv †`qv n‡q‡Q|
1. wKs (King)
wKs Rv‡Zi DrcwË hy³iv‡óª| G Rv‡Zi †gvU 5wU DcRvZ i‡q‡Q| h_v- mv`v, wmjfvi, bxj,
jvj I njy`| Z‡e G‡`i g‡a¨ †¯‹vqve Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ mv`v I wmjfvi DcRvZB e¨envi Kiv
nq|
mv`v wKs †¯‹vqve Drcv`‡b K. mv`v wKs (White King) t †¯‹vqve Drcv`‡b GwU me‡P‡q RbwcÖq DcRvZ| mv`v iv›U,
me‡P‡q RbwcÖq DcRvZ| mv`v gvj‡Um, mv`v Wz‡Pm I mv`v †nvgvi †_‡K GRv‡Zi KeyZi ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡`i †`n
gReyZ| cv cwi®‹vi, cv‡qi bvjvq †Kv‡bv cvjK †bB| cy‡iv †`n mv`v cvj‡K k³‡cv³fv‡e
†gvov‡bv| †jR Lvov, †`n gvsmj| cÖwZwU †¯‹vqv‡ei IRb cÖvq 0.5 †KwR n‡jB evRviRvZ
Kiv nq| RevB Kivi ci A_©vr †WªmW †¯‹vqve¸‡jv †Zgb GKUv †MvjMvj nq bv| eis wKQyUv
†KvbvK…wZi nq| cÖvßeq¯‹ KeyZ‡ii IRb cªvq 735 Mªvg n‡q _v‡K|
†¯‹vqve Drcv`‡b wmjfvi L. wmjfvi wKs (Silver King) t †¯‹vqve Drcv`‡b G DcRvZwU GKmgq †ek RbwcÖq wQj|
wKs‡qi RbwcÖqZv mv`v wKs Z‡e eZ©gv‡b G‡`i RbwcÖqZv mv`v wKs †_‡K A‡bK Kg| G DcRv‡Zi KeyZi iv›U, gvj‡Um,
†_‡K A‡bK Kg| †nvgvi I gb‡WBb †_‡K ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡`i ˆ`wnK ˆewkó¨ A‡bKUv mv`v wKs‡qi g‡ZvB|
Z‡e AvKvi-AvK…wZ‡Z †¯‹vqve Drcv`bKvix KeyZ‡ii g‡a¨ GivB me‡P‡q eo nq| G‡`i
†¯‹vqv‡ei IRbI mv`v wKs‡qi †_‡K wKQyUv †ewk nq| ZvQvov Giv mv`v wKs‡qi †_‡KI †ewk
†cvl gv‡b|
2. KvibvD (Carneaux)
KvibvD‡qiI 5wU DcRvZ i‡q‡Q| h_v- jvj, mv`v, njy`, Kv‡jv I Wvb (dun)| Z‡e G‡`i
g‡a¨ jvj I mv`v KvibvDB †¯‹vqve Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv nq|
L. mv`v KvibvD (White Carneaux) t mv`v KvibvD‡qi DrcwË hy³iv‡óª| G‡`i‡K †¯cÖmW
mv`v KvibvD Aí mg‡q
†ewk Drcv`b †`qvi Rb¨ †d«Ý I †ejwRqvg jvj KvibvD †_‡K Drcbœ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Giv Aí mg‡q †ewk Drcv`b †`qvi
weL¨vZ| Rb¨ weL¨vZ| Av‡gwiKvq Giv Lye fv‡jv DcRv‡Zi †¯‹vqve Drcv`bKvix KeyZi| G‡`i
†¯‹vqv‡ei Pvgovi iO wKQyUv †Mvjvwc| †¯‹vqv‡ei IRb cÖvq 450 MÖvg n‡q _v‡K|
Avgv‡`i †`‡k wZwZi ev wMwb Avgv‡`i †`‡k wZwZi ev wMwb dvDj †Zgb Rbwcªq bq| evwYwR¨KwfwˇZ G¸‡jv G‡`‡k cvjb
dvDj †Zgb Rbwcªq bq| Kiv nq bv| Z‡e, A‡b‡KB mL K‡i cy‡l _v‡Kb|
e¨envwiK
cvV 1.6 wewfbœ Rv‡Zi gyiwM, nuvm, †Kv‡qj, ivRnuvm, KeyZi I wMwb dvDj
kbv³KiY
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb −
wewfbœ Rv‡Zi nvum, gyiwM, †Kv‡qj, ivRnuvm, KeyZi I wMwb dvDj wb‡R wb‡R kbv³ Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|
cÖvmw½K Z_¨
G †Kvm©eB‡qi M„ncvwjZ cvwL cvjb As‡ki cvV 1.1−1.5 ch©š— fv‡jvfv‡e co~b| Gme cvV
†_‡K wewfbœ Rv‡Zi gyiwM, nvum, †Kv‡qj, ivRnuvm, KeyZi I wMwb dvD‡ji kYv³Kvix
ˆewk󨸇jv †R‡b wbb| ZvQvov G cv‡V †`qv wewfbœ M„ncvwjZ cvwLi RvZ/DcRvZ¸‡jvi iwOb
Qwe (wPÎ 35-79) fv‡jvfv‡e j¶¨ Kiyb|
wPÎ 35 t evW© cøvBgvD_ iK DcRv‡Zi †gviM wPÎ 36 t njy` cøvBgvD_ iK DcRv‡Zi gyiwM
wPÎ 37 t eø¨vK †jMnb© DcRv‡Zi gyiwM wPÎ 38 t †nvqvBU †jMnb© DcRv‡Zi gyiwM
wPÎ 39 t eø¨vK wgbK©v DcRv‡Zi †gviM wPÎ 40 t eø¨vK wgbK©v DcRv‡Zi gyiwM
wPÎ 41 t †ivW AvBj¨vÛ †iW Rv‡Zi †gviM wPÎ 42 t A¨vb‡Kvbv Rv‡Zi gyiwM
wPÎ 45 t dvBIwg Rv‡Zi gyiwM wPÎ 46 t KvwY©k ev BwÛqvb †Mg Rv‡Zi †gviM
wPÎ 47 t jvBU mv‡m· DcRv‡Zi †gviM wPÎ 48 t jvBU mv‡m· DcRv‡Zi gyiwM
wPÎ 49 t WvK© eªvngv DcRv‡Zi †gviM wPÎ 50 t †nvqvBU †KvwPb DcRv‡Zi †gviM
wPÎ 55 t Bmv †f‡WU eªqjvi gyiwM wPÎ 56 t ÷vi †eªv eªqjvi gyiwM
cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY
1. wewfbœ Rv‡Zi gyiwM, nuvm, †Kv‡qj, ivRnuvm, KeyZi I wMwb dvDj|
2. Kjg, †cwÝj, ivevi, mvc©bvi, †¯‹j, e¨envwiK LvZv BZ¨vw`|
Kv‡Ri aviv
• cÖ_‡g wewfbœ Rv‡Zi gyiwM GKwU N‡i ivLyb|
• Gevi G‡`i ˆewkó¨vejx fv‡jvfv‡e ch©‡e¶Y Kiyb|
• ZvwË¡K cv‡V cov I G cv‡Vi iwOb Qwe¸‡jv‡Z †`Lv wewfbœ Rv‡Zi ˆewkó¨vejxi m‡½
G‡`i ˆewkó¨vejx wgwj‡q wbb|
• Gevi Gme ˆewk‡ó¨i Av‡jv‡K cÖwZwU RvZ‡K wb‡R wb‡R kbv³ Kiyb|
• Gfv‡e ch©vqµ‡g GKB c×wZ‡Z wewfbœ Rv‡Zi nuvm, †Kv‡qj, ivRnuvm, KeyZi I wMwb
dvDj kbv³ Kiyb|
• e¨envwiK LvZvq cÖ‡Z¨K Rv‡Zi cvwLi Qwe AvuKzb I kYv³Kvix ˆewkó¨vejx wjLyb|
• cy‡iv ch©‡e¶Y cÖwµqvwU avivevwnKfv‡e e¨envwiK LvZvq wjLyb Ges wUDUi‡K †`wL‡q
Zv‡Z mB wbb|
mveavbZv
• cvwL ch©‡e¶YKv‡j G‡`i‡K †ewk wei³ Ki‡eb bv|
• AZ¨šÍ mveavbZvi m‡½ wewfbœ cÖRvwZ I Rv‡Zi cvwLi ˆewk󨸇jv ch©‡e¶Y Kiyb|
DËigvjv - BDwbU 1
cvV 1.1
1| K. ii 1| L. iv 2| K. m 2| L. wg 3| K. wgbK©v
3| L. 4.0-4.5 I 3.0-3.5 4| K. A‡÷ªwjqvb e- ¨vK AiwcsUb 4| L. †MÖ wPUvMvs
cvV 1.2
1| K. ii 1| L. i 2| K. wg 2| L. wg 3| K. †`kx
3| L. gvm‡Kvwf 4| K. gvsm Drcv`bKvix, wWg Drcv`bKvix I †kvfvea©K
4| L. mv`v, a~mi I mv`v-a~mi
cvV 1.3
1| K. iii 1| L. i 2| K. wg 2| L. wg 3| K. 290-300wU
3| L. big I my¯^v`y 4| K. G. wf. Gg. n¨vPvwiR GÛ weªwWs wimvP© †m›Uvi (cÖvt) wjwg‡UW
4| L. †Kv‡q‡ji wW‡gi †Lvmvi iO Mvp nj‡` †_‡K nvjKv ev`vwg| Gi Dci AmsL¨ †QvU-eo
bxj, L‡qwi, †e¸wb ev P‡Kv‡jU i‡Oi KviyKvR|
cvV 1.4
1| K. iii 1| L. iii 2| K. m 2| L. wg 3| K. †ivgvb
3| L. A¨v¤^‡Wb 4| K. UjyDBm ivRnuvm 4| L. Pxbv ivRnuvm
cvV 1.5
1| K. iv 2| L. i 2| K. m 3| L. wg 3| K. Ae`vb, ¸iyZ¡
3| L. †¯‹vqv‡ei 4| K. Columba livia 4| L. cvj©, mv`v I †j‡fÛvi