Trainers - Guide - Gender Training - ILO - 2022

Kg©‡ÿ‡Î †RÛvi mgZv cÖwZôv Ges
nqivwb I wbh©vZb we‡jvc welqK

cÖwkÿY gwWDj
cÖwkÿK wb‡`©wkKv
Kg©‡ÿ‡Î †RÛvi mgZv cÖwZôv Ges nqivwb I wbh©vZb we‡jvc welqK
cÖwkÿY gwWDj
cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨:
Kg©‡ÿ‡Î †RÛvi mgZv cÖwZôv Ges nqivwb I wbh©vZb we‡jvc wel‡q cÖwkÿY AskMÖnYKvix‡ì
avibvMZ I eënvwiK mÿgZv e„w× Kiv|
AskMÖnYKvix:
weBGd, wewRGgBG Ges we‡KGgBG Gi g‡bvbxZ cÖwkÿKe„›`
KwcivBU:
[[
†mvk¨vj WvqvjM GÛ BÛvw÷ªqvj wi‡jkÝ (Gm wW AvB Avi) cÖ‡R±, AvB Gj I evsjv‡`k
cÖKvkKvj:
2022
mnvwqKv cÖYqb:
mvbvBqv dvnxg Avbmvix, AwaKvi I †RÛvi welqK KÝvj‡U›U
cÖYqb mnvqK
w`j Avd‡ivR Av³vi, AwaKvi I †RÛvi welqK KÝvj‡U›U
1
GB gwWD‡ji †cÖÿvcU I Ab¨vb¨ cÖm½
AvšÍR©vwZK kÖg ms¯’v (AvB Gj I), evsjv‡`k Gi †mvk¨vj WvqvjM GÛ

BÛvw÷ªqvj wi‡jkÝ (Gm wW AvB Avi) cÖ‡R±-Gi AvIZvq weBGd,
wewRGgBG, we‡KGgBG Gi g‡bvbxZ 30 Rb cÖwZwbwai mgš^‡q MZ 29 †g
†_‡K 01 Ryb 2022 ch©šÍ Pvi w`b e¨vcx cÖwkÿK‡ì cÖwkÿY AbywôZ nq|
Kg©‡ÿ‡Î †RÛvi mgZv cÖwZôv Ges nqivwb I wbh©vZb we‡jvc wel‡q
cÖwkÿY AskMÖnYKvix‡ì aviYvMZ I eënvwiK mÿgZv I ms‡e`bkxjZv
e„w× wQj cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨| Ges GKB mv‡_ wÎcÿxq cÖwkÿK‡ì GKwU
cyj MV‡bi j‡ÿ¨ cÖwkÿK‡ì `ÿZv e„w× Kiv, hv‡Z Zviv Ab¨vb¨‡ì
mÿgZv I ms‡e`bkxjZv e„w×‡Z cÖwkÿY w`‡Z cv‡ib|
cÖwkÿY cwiPvjbvi cixwÿZ c×wZ AbymiY K‡i Zv GB gwWD‡j ms‡hvwRZ

nj| Avkv Kiv hvq cieZx© mg‡qi cÖwkÿY¸‡jv‡K Kvh©Kix K‡i Zzj‡Z GB
gwWDj we‡kl f‚wgKv ivL‡e|
2
cÖwkÿ‡Y eëüZ c×wZmg~n
 †ivj †cø  e³…Zv Av‡jvPbv
 †Ljv  GKK KvR
 †QvU `‡j KvR  `jxq Dc¯’vcbv
 eo `‡j Av‡jvPbv  †cv÷vi cÖ`k©b
 AskMÖnYg~jK Av‡jvPbv  Mí ejv
 NUbv we‡kølY  cÖ‡kœvËi
 cvV Av‡jvPbv
cÖ‡qvRbxq †fŠZ DcKiY
 1wU wfc †evW©

 1wU †nvqvBU †evW©
 gvwëwgwWqv
 GKwU mymw¾Z cÖwkÿY Kÿ hvi AvqZb Ggb n‡e hv‡Z mKj AskMÖnYKvixMY ÔBDÕ AvKv‡i
¯^”Q‡›`¨ em‡Z I Pjv‡div Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiYmg~n
 cvV DcKiY  wfcKvW©
 welq wfwËK †cv÷vi  wfc wcb
 †cv÷vi †ccvi  ‡evW© Wv÷vi
 eªvDb †ccvi  Kjg, †cwÝj, ‡bvUeyK
 gvK©vi ( †evW©/ cvg©v‡b›U)  wd¬cPvU©
 iwOb I mv`v KvMR  Møy
3
wb‡`©wkKv cwiwPwZ
G gwWD‡j cÖwk¶‡Yi D‡Ïk¨, cÖwk¶Ym~wP, cÖwZwU Awa‡ek‡bi wk‡ivbvg, Awa‡ekb cwiKíbv,

n¨vÛAvDU cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU Awa‡ek‡b †h mKj Z_¨ mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q Zv n‡jv -
Awa‡ekb:
cÖwZwU Awa‡ek‡bi Rb¨ c„_K cvZv eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q, G‡Z K‡i mnvqK welq¸‡jv mn‡R c„_Kfv‡e
wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| GKwU Awa‡ek‡bi Kvh©µg‡K K‡qKwU av‡c fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU
Awa‡ek‡bi wba©vwiZ D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ mnvqK I AskMÖnYKvixMY †h Kg© m¤úv`b Ki‡eb Zv av‡c
av‡c GLv‡b D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q |
D‡Ïk¨:
cÖwZwU Awa‡ek‡bi D‡Ïk¨ A_©vr Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY †h Ávb, `ÿZv I `„wófw½ AR©b
Ki‡eb Zv mywbw`©ófv‡e D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q hv Awa‡ekb cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î mnvqK‡K wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb
Ki‡e Ges cÖwkÿY KZUzKz djcÖm~ n‡q‡Q Zv cwigvc Ki‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e|
mgq:
GKwU Awa‡ekb †kl n‡Z KZ mgq jvM‡e Zv D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q, hv Awa‡ekb cwiPvjbvi Rb¨
cwiKíbv cÖYq‡b mnvqZv Ki‡e| mgq wba©vi‡Y Awa‡ek‡bi D‡Ïk¨ I AskMÖnYg~jK Kvh©µ‡gi cÖwZ
¸iæZ¡ †Ìqv n‡q‡Q |
DcKiY:
cÖwZwU Awa‡ek‡b DcKi‡Yi bvg †jLv Av‡Q| cÖwZwU avc cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ mnvqK I AskMÖnYKvix‡ì
†h me DcKi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e Zv GLv‡b D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z mnvqK mwVK DcKiY wbe©vPb,
eënvi I mieivn Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
Awa‡ekb cwiPvjb c×wZ I cÖwµqv:
cÖwZwU Awa‡ek‡bi D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ mnvqK †Kvb c×wZ‡Z welqe¯‘ Dc¯’vcb Ki‡eb Zv GLv‡b
ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| G‡Z mnvqK wba©vwiZ c×wZ Aej¤^b K‡i mwVK I Kvh©Kifv‡e Awa‡ekb cwiPvjbv
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| GQvovI GLv‡b Awa‡ekb cwiPvjbv cÖwµqv ¯úó K‡i wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU
Awa‡ek‡bi D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ mnvqK I AskMÖnYKvix‡ì †h mKj Kvh©µg m¤úbœ Ki‡Z n‡e, Zv
avivevwnKfv‡e eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| |
mshy³ DcKiY:
cÖwZwU Awa‡ek‡bi †k‡l Awa‡ekb cwiPvjbv, AsksMÖnYKvix‡ì Abykxjb Ges AskMÖnYKvix‡ì g‡a¨
weZi‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY, cvV DcKiY, wd¬cPvU ©cÖf„wZ mshy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU Awa‡ekb
b¤^‡ii mv‡_ m½wZ †i‡L mshy³ DcKi‡Yi b¤î †`qv n‡q‡Q| Gi d‡j mnvqK mn‡R G¸‡jv wPwýZ
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
4
mnvq‡Ki Rb¨ K‡qKwU civgk©
G gwWDj mdjfv‡e eënvi Kivi Ici Gi Kvh©KvwiZv wbf©i Ki‡e| GKRb `ÿ I

cwikªgx mnvqK gwWDjwU eënv‡ii mgq wbgœewY©Z welq¸‡jvi Ici ¸iæZ¡ w`‡eb-
 cÖ‡Z¨KwU Awa‡ek‡bi D‡Ïk¨mg~n †jLv Av‡Q| mnvqK‡K AskMÖnYg~jK c×wZ‡Z
Awa‡ekb cwiPvjbv K‡i Kvw•ÿZ D‡Ïk¨ AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e| GRb¨ cÖ‡qvRb
D‡Ïk¨¸‡jv fvjfv‡e wb‡R Abyaveb Kiv Ges Gi mv‡_ GKvZ¥ nIqv|
 cÖwkÿY welqwU AZ¨šÍ e¨vcK| ZvB ïay G gwWDjwUi Dci wbf©i bv K‡i mswkøó
Ab¨vb¨ eB/ DcKiY/ `wjjvw` cvV Kiv Avek¨K| KviY mswkøó welq m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ
Rvbv bv _vK‡j cÖwkÿY djcÖm~ nIqvi †ÿ‡Î weNœ NU‡Z cv‡i|
 mnvq‡Ki cÖ¯‘wZ MÖn‡Yi Dci GKwU cÖwkÿ‡Yi mdjZv wbf©i K‡i| ZvB †h †Kv‡bv
Awa‡ek‡bi c~‡e©B cy‡iv gwWDj fv‡jvfv‡e c‡o wb‡Z n‡e| KviY Awa‡ekb PjvKv‡j
gwWDj †`Lv mgxPxb bq|
 Awa‡ek‡bi avç‡jv ch©vqµ‡g web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zv cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx AbymiY Ki‡Z
n‡e| Z‡e, we‡kl cÖ‡qvR‡b D‡Ï‡kï mv‡_ m½wZ †i‡L Zv cwieZ©b Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
 †Kv‡bv wel‡qi Dci Av‡jvPbvi mgq welqwU we‡kølY I ¯úó Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvR‡b
cÖvmw½K D`vniY I Avcbvi gZvgZ cÖ`vb mnR K‡i K_v ejv Ges mevB‡K Av‡jvPbvi
g‡a¨ ivLvi †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e|
 cÖwZwU Awa‡ek‡bi ïiæ‡Z c~e©eZ©x Awa‡ek‡bi mv‡_ †hvMm~Î ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z
AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q Av‡jvPbv wew”Qbœ g‡b bv nq|
 †Kv‡bv cÖkœ Kivi †ÿ‡Î mywbw`©ófv‡e mK‡ji D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖkœwU Ki‡Z n‡e, cÖ‡qvR‡b
cybivq ej‡Z n‡e| †KD †¯^”Qvq DËi bv w`‡j, wbw`©ó K‡i KvD‡K wRÁvmv Ki‡Z
n‡e|
 AskMÖnYKvixMY wKQz ej‡j ev gZvgZ w`‡j cÖvmw½Kfv‡e cÖksmv Ki‡Z n‡e| †KD
fyj ej‡j ev wVKg‡Zv ej‡Z bv cvi‡j mwVK DËi cÖ`v‡b Ggbfv‡e mn‡hvwMZv
Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z wZwb m¤§vwbZ †eva K‡ib|

5
 †Kv‡bv GKwU Av‡jvPbvi gvSvgvwS mg‡q Zvovû‡ov K‡i H Av‡jvPbv †kl Kiv DwPZ
bq| cÖ‡qvR‡b H wba©vwiZ mgq eë¯’vcbvq cwieZ©b Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Avi G mgqUzKz
mgš^q Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvR‡b Pv weiwZ Ges ga¨vý weiwZ †_‡K wKQy mgq Kwg‡q Avbv
†h‡Z cv‡i|
 Awa‡ekb cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKi‡Yi bvg D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gme
DcKiY c~e© †_‡K msMÖn ev cÖ¯‘Z K‡i ivL‡Z n‡e| bZzev myôzfv‡e Awa‡ekb
cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î e¨vNvZ NU‡Z cv‡i| G gwWD‡j ewY©Z me DcKiYB †h GKRb
cÖwkÿK‡K eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e Ggb bq| GKRb `ÿ mnvqK DcKiY eënv‡ii
†ÿ‡Î m„RbkxjZvi cwiPq w`‡Z cv‡ib|
 †h mKj DcKiY AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cÖ`vb Ki‡eb c~e© †_‡KB †m¸‡jvi cÖ‡qvRbxq
msL¨K Kwc wVKg‡Zv hvPvB K‡i wbb hv‡Z h_vmg‡q Zv cÖ`vb Kiv hvq|
 m‡e©vcwi, GKwU cªwkÿY †Kv‡mi© djcÖm~Zv wbf©i K‡i mnvq‡Ki Ici| GKRb `ÿ
mnvqK Kxfv‡e GKwU gwWDj Kv‡R jvMv‡eb, mg„× Ki‡eb, mdj Ki‡eb Zv GKvšÍB
Zvi wbR¯^ welq|
6
cÖwkÿYwU cwiPvjbvKvix mnvq‡Ki h_vh_ cÖ¯‘wZ welqK
 c~‡e©B AskMÖnbKvix‡ì m¤ú‡K© cwi¯‹vi aviYv MÖnb Ki‡eb|

 hZUv m¤¢e Bs‡iwR kã cwinvi Ki‡eb|
 eënvwiK cÖwkÿY e‡j-mvBgy‡jkb, ‡ivj †cø Gi Rb¨ †ek RvqMvi cÖ‡qvRb
n‡e| Bs‡iRxi U Aÿ‡ii AvK…wZ‡Z emv wbwðZ Ki‡eb| Z‡e, eZ©gvb
†KvwfWKvjxb Ae¯’v‡K gv_vq †i‡L Ô†i÷ªy‡i›U ÷¨vBjÕ eënvi Kiv †h‡Z
cv‡i|
 eëüZ mKj †cv÷vi cy‡iv cÖwkÿY PjvKvwjb mg‡q cÖwkÿY K‡ÿ
cÖ`k©‡bi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
 cÖwkÿY PjvKvwjb wb‡`©wkKv †`‡L eënvi Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Z n‡e|
c~‡e©B †mkb wjsK Kievi c×wZ wb‡R cwi®‹vi n‡Z n‡e|
 cÖ‡Z¨KwU c‡e©i ïiæ‡Z †mB c‡e©i D‡Ïk¨ eywS‡q ej‡Z n‡e|
 cÖ‡Z¨KwU ce© †k‡l wkLb hvPvB K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|
 cy‡iv wb‡`©wkKvwU Av`¨cvšÍ †`‡L cÖwkÿY cwiPvjbvq XzK‡Z n‡e|
 mK‡ji Dcw¯’wZ (hviv Dcw¯’Z _vK‡e e‡j wbwðZ nIqv †M‡Q) wbwðZ
K‡iB ïiæ Ki‡Z n‡e|
7
wb‡`©wkKvi bgbxqZv
GB wb‡`©wkKvwU cÖwk¶Y cwiPvjbv wb‡`©w©kKv wn‡m‡e eëüZ n‡e| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì
¯Íi, Ávb, `¶Zv I cÖZ¨vkv we‡ePbv K‡i cÖ¯ÍvweZ c×wZ, cÖwµqv, mgq, DcKiY
BZ¨vw` cÖ‡qvR‡b cwieZ©b Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| GgbwK cÖ¯ÍvweZ D‡Ï‡kï mv‡_ bZzb
D‡Ïk¨ ms‡hvRb K‡i †mB Abyhvqx bZzb avc I welq ms‡hvRb Kivi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q|
Awa‡ekb‡K AwaKZi AskMÖnYg~jK Kivi Rb¨ D‡jøwLZ c×wZ cwieZ©b Kiv †h‡Z
cv‡i ev bZzb †Kv‡bv c×wZ Aej¤^b K‡i Awa‡ekb cwiPvjbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
GKwU Awa‡ek‡bi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ †gvU mgq‡K wVK †i‡L cÖ‡qvR‡b wewfbœ av‡ci
mg‡qi cwieZ©b K‡i wb‡Z cv‡ib| Avevi cÖ‡qvR‡b GKvwaK Awa‡ek‡bi Rb¨ mgq
cybtwba©viY K‡i mvgÄm¨ weavb Ki‡Z cv‡ib| ms‡hvwRZ cv‡VvcKiY I Ab¨vb¨
DcKiYmg~n Pvwn`vi mv‡_ m½wZ †i‡L cwieZ©b Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i, †hgb- cv‡VvcKiY
I DcKiY¸‡jvi cwieZ©b, cwiea©b I bZzb DcKiY Awf‡hvRb Ki‡Z n‡Z cv‡i|
g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, ev¯ÍeZvi wbwi‡L G †Kvm© gwWD‡ji A‡bK wKQyB cwieZ©b, cwiea©b
I ms‡kvab Kivi cÖ‡qvRb n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e Zv ïay cÖ‡qvR‡bi ZvwM‡`B Kiv DwPZ|
G ai‡bi cwieZ©b †hb wb‡`©wkKvi Dbœqb I mg„×mva‡bi Rb¨ nq Ges Gi †gŠwjK
welqvejx I gvb Aÿzbœ _v‡K, †mw`K we‡ePbvq ivL‡Z n‡e| wb‡`©wkKvq eëüZ
cv‡VvcKiY, wel‡qi Ici Avcbvi (mnvqK) Ávb I `¶Zv e„w×i Rb¨ ms‡hvRb Kiv
n‡q‡Q| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì wk¶vMZ †hvM¨Zv, Ávb, AwfÁZv BZ¨vw` we‡ePbv K‡i
mnR fvlvq Zv‡ì Kv‡Q G welq¸‡jv Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|
8
welq m~wP
Awa‡ekb bs g~j Awa‡ekb Awa‡ek‡bi bvg
1 D‡Øvab Ges †PKBb  gyW †mwUs, ïiæi AvbyôvwbKZv Ges ¯^vMZ m¤¢vlY 11
 cwiwPwZ ce©
 cÖwk¶Y cÖZ¨vkv wbiƒcY Ges cÖwk¶‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv
2 g‡bi is  g‡bv‡hvM Abykxjb 14
3 Kg©‡ÿÎ I Kg©cwi‡ek  Kg©‡ÿÎ I Kg©cwi‡ek 16

 GKwU Av`k© Kg©¯’j
4 Kg©¯’‡j †RÛvi mgZv †Kb  gvbe gvbwPÎ 20
¸iæZ¡c~Y©?  AšÍf©yw³
1g w`b
 bvix, cyiæl ci¯ú‡ii c«wZ Kx ai‡bi fvlv c«‡qvM K‡i I AvPiY K‡i
 †m· I †RÛvi
 †KvbwU †RÛvi? †KvbwU †m·?
 ‰elg¨
 mgZv-mvg¨
 Kg©¯’‡j †RÛvi mgZv Av‡jvPbv †Kb ¸iæZ¡c~Y©?
5 mgwš^Z Kg©ms¯‹…wZ ‰Zwi‡Z  Kg©RMr 33
Kg©‡ÿ‡Î †RÛvi mgZv  †RÛviwfwËK mwnsmZv wPwýZKiY-msÁv, aiY (kvixwiK, gvbwmK,
DbœxZKiY †hŠb, A_©‰bwZK), KviY I cÖfve, e¨vwßKvj
6 w`b ch©v‡jvPbv  w`‡bi cÖavb cÖavb Av‡jvwPZ welq¸‡jv g‡b Ki‡Z cviv 41
7 w`b D‡Øvabx I wd‡i †`Lv  AvbyôvwbKZv 43

 MZw`‡bi cybiv‡jvPbv
8 ‡KvbwU Ô nqivwb Õ, ‡KvbwU  ‡KvbwU Ô nqivwb Õ, ‡KvbwU Ônqivwb bqÕ 44
Ônqivwb bqÕ  ‡hŠb nqivwbi msÁv, aiY (kvixwiK, gvbwmK, †hŠb, A_©‰bwZK), KviY
I cÖfve
9 mvgvwRK msjvc Ges †kvfb  †kvfb Kg©cwi‡ek Kx? 52
Kg© cwi‡e‡ki ¸iæZ¡ Ges  †kvfb Kg©cwi‡e‡ki bxwZgvjv
2q w`b
djvdj
 mvgvwRK msjvc, †RÛvi mgZv Ges †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj Kg©cwi‡ek
10 Rvbvi Av‡Q A‡bK wKQz  wewfbœ RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK mb`-AvBb-bxwZgvjvmg~n 64
 Kv‡Ri RM‡Z mwnsmZv I nqivwb we‡jvc Kb‡fbkb wm 190 Ges
mycvwikgvjv 206 Ges G msµvšÍ wm×všÍ
11 cÖwkÿY g~j¨vqb cÖwkÿY g~j¨vqb I Awa‡ekb mgvwß
68
9
w`b-1
10
Awa‡ekb -1
g~j Awa‡ekb : D‡Øvab Ges †PKBb
Av‡jvPbv :  gyW †mwUs, ïiæi AvbyôvwbKZv Ges ¯^vMZ m¤¢vlY

 cwiwPwZ ce©
 cÖwk¶Y cÖZ¨vkv wbiƒcY Ges cÖwk¶‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv
D‡Ïk¨ : Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY
 wb‡R‡ì cwiPq Ges cÖKí I cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨¸wji mv‡_ ms‡hvM ‰Zwi Ki‡Z mÿg n‡eb|
 wb‡Riv G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ cwiwPwZ n‡eb|
 GKwU cÖvYešÍ AskMÖn‡Yi B”Qv RvMv‡bv, wPšÍv D‡`ªKKvix Ges Kvh©Kix Av‡jvPbvi cwi‡ek ˆZwi
Ki‡eb|
 02 w`‡bi Av‡jvPbvi welqe¯‘ Ges m¤¢ve¨ AR©b cwi¯‹vi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 cÖwkÿY PjvKvjxb KiYxq-eR©bxq wba©viY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 cÖwk¶Y cÖZ¨vkv wbiƒcY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq : 60 wgwbU
c×wZ : e³…Zv, `jxqKvR, GKK KvR, Av‡jvPbv, cÖ`k©b, AskMÖnYg~jK Av‡jvPbv
DcKiY : AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ZvwjKv, wbeÜb QK, Kjg, LvZv, dzj, †PKBb KvW©m, cÖwk¶‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ m¤^wjZ
¯øvBW/†cv÷vi, wd¬cPvU©, gvK©vi
Av‡jvP¨ cÖwµqv
welq
gyW †mwUs, avc 1: ïiæi AvbyôvwbKZv
ïiæi  ï‡f”Qv Ávcb Kiæb|
AvbyôvwbKZv  AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Awa‡ek‡b ¯^vMZ Rvwb‡q cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ I welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© msw¶ß aviYv w`b| G
mgq wbeÜb QK mieivn K‡i AskMÖnYKvix‡ì wbeÜb wbwðZ K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq (LvZv, Kjg,
dvBj/e¨vM) DcKiY mieivn Kiæb|
avc 2 : D‡Øvab/ ¯^vMZ m¤¢vlY
 Dcw¯’Z mKj‡K D‡Øvab c‡e© Avgš¿Y Rvwb‡q AwZw_MY‡K G‡K G‡K Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ Avgš¿Y Rvbvb Ges
Zv‡ì ga¨ †_‡K DaŸ©Zb GKRb‡K cÖwk¶‡Yi D‡Øvab †NvlYvi Rb¨ Aby‡iva Kiæb| G Rb¨ AwZw_‡ì
bvg, cèx Ges gh©v`vµg c~‡e©B †R‡b wbb| D‡Øvab †k‡l cÖwkÿY wel‡qi Ici Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i
¯^vMZ m¤¢vlY
mKj‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Kiæb|
†PKBb avc 3 : cwiPq ce©
 ejyb, cÖ‡Z¨K‡K GKwU K‡i KvW© †`qv n‡e †hLv‡b GKwU wel‡q cÖkœ _vK‡e| mKj‡K `yB wgwbU mgq †`qv
n‡e cÖkœwU wb‡q fvevi Rb¨| Gici cÖ‡Z¨‡K GK GK K‡i wb‡Ri bvg I cèx e‡j Kv‡W©i cÖ‡kœi DËi
w`‡eb|
 mKj‡K GKwU K‡i †PKBb KvW© (mshyw³: 1 bgybv-K) w`b| wgwbU ïiæi †NvlYv w`b Ges wb‡`©kbv Abyhvqx
`ªæZ KvRwU mgvß Kiæb| cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvixi KvW© †_‡K Avmv DË‡ii Gi Pz¤^K Ask ev kw³kvjx
c‡q›UwU †ev‡W© wjLyb|
 KvRwU †kl n‡j mKj‡K wbR wbR Avm‡b em‡Z Aby‡iva Kiæb|
 Gevi †ev‡W© Zv‡ì Av‡jvPbv †_‡K cÖwZdwjZ Ask¸‡jv Zz‡j aiæb Ges cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Ae`v‡bi RvqMv¸‡jv
†dvKvm K‡i Av‡jvPbv mgvß Kiæb|
cÖwk¶Y avc 4 : cÖwk¶Y cÖZ¨vkv wbiƒcY Ges cÖwk¶‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv
cÖZ¨vkv  cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvix‡K GB cÖwk¶Y †_‡K cÖZ¨vkv wb‡q GKUz †f‡e wb‡Z ejyb| fvevi Rb¨ 01 wgwbU mgq
wbiƒcY eivÏ Kiæb| wdíPv‡U© cÖZ¨vkv K_vwU wjLyb|
11
 ‡eªBb ÷wg©s c×wZ‡Z AskMÖnYKvixi cÖZ¨vkv wd¬cPv‡U© wjLyb Ges mKj‡K Drmvn w`b GB Kg©kvjv †_‡K
cÖwk¶‡Yi Zv‡ì cÖZ¨vkv m¤ú‡K© ejvi Rb¨| GB Kv‡Ri Rb¨ 02 wgwbU mgq eivÏ Kiæb|
D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv  KvR †k‡l cÖZ¨vkv †cv÷viwU GKevi c‡o †kvbvb|
 Gevi, cÖvß cÖZ¨vkvi mv‡_ †hvMm~Î ¯’vcb K‡i cÖwk¶‡Yi mvwe©K D‡Ïk¨ wjwLZ †cv÷vi/¯øvBW Dc¯’vcb
Kiæb (mshyw³: 1 bgybv-L)|
 02w`‡bi cÖwk¶YwU mdjfv‡e m¤úbœ Ki‡Z wb‡gœv³ wel‡q mKj‡K g‡bv‡hvM †Ìqvi Aby‡iva Rvbvb-
- mwµq AskMÖnY
- AwfÁZv wewbgq Ges
- cvi¯úwiK wkLb
cÖwkÿY avc 5 : cÖwkÿY Kvjxb KiYxq-KiYxq bq
Kvjxb cÖwk¶Y PjvKvjxb mg‡q AbymiYxq bxwZ wn‡m‡e wb‡gœv³ welqmg~n Zz‡j a‡i mK‡ji gZvgZ wbb Ges
KiYxq Ges cÖwk¶YKvjxb Abymi‡Yi Avnevb Rvbvb| AbymiYxq bxwZmg~n n‡jv-
eR©bxq  †gvevBj wbie ivLv
wba©vib  h_v mg‡q ïiæ Ges †kl Kiv
 mwµq AskMÖnY
 cigZ mwnòzZvi PP©v
 cvi¯úwiK AwfÁZv wewbg‡qi gva¨‡g wkLb
 mK‡ji gZvgZ ‡kvbv Ges cvi¯úwiK kÖ×v †cvlY BZ¨vw`|
c‡i Lvevi cvwb, Uq‡jU BZ¨vw` m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ Rvwb‡q mKj‡K abëv` w`b Ges cieZ©x Awa‡ek‡b cÖ‡ek
Kiæb|
cÖwkÿ‡Ki cÖ¯‘wZ
 Awa‡ekb cÖwµqvwU fvj K‡i co–b
 Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ cÖwkÿY D‡Ïk¨¸wj †cv÷v‡i ev ¯øvB‡W wj‡L ivLyb
 RoZvf½ I cwiPqce© GKwU Kg©kvjvi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Awa‡ekb| ZvB GB Awa‡ek‡b eëüZ c×wZi Rb¨
fv‡jvfv‡e cÖ¯‘wZ wbb|
 RoZvf½ I cwiPqce© cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨ Ab¨ †Kvb c×wZ ev †Ljv †e‡Q wb‡Z cv‡ib| Z‡e Ggb †Kvb c×wZ
†e‡Q wbb †hb Kg©kvjvi D‡Ï‡kï m‡½ †hvMm~Î †Lvu‡R cvIqv hvq|
 mnvq‡Ki myweav‡_© AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cwiwPwZ c‡e©i AviI GKwU avibv (mshyw³: 1.1 avibv- 1) mshy³ Kiv n‡jv|
12
mshyw³: 1
†PKBb KvW©m
bgybv- K
Avcbvi Rxe‡b Avcwb Kv‡iv Rb¨ m‡e©v”P m¤¢vebv m„wó Avcbvi Rxe‡bi me‡P‡q mvnmx K‡_vcK‡_v‡bi
K‡i‡Qb? ej‡eb wK? g~ûZ© ej‡eb wK?
cwiev‡ii KvQ †_‡K mn‡hvwMZv cvevi Mí ej‡eb wK? `ywbqvi wKQz GKUv e`‡j †Ìqvi ÿgZv †c‡j
Avcwb †Kvb wRwbmUv e`jv‡Z PvB‡eb ?
Avcbvi Rxe‡bi me‡P‡q eo fzj fzj †evSveywSi Kvi‡Y Kv‡iv mv‡_ wK eÜzZ¡ ev
m¤úK© bó n‡q‡Q?
Avcbvi wK g‡b c‡o †KD Avcbvi Kv‡Ri D”QwmZ †KD wK Avcbvi wek¦vm f½ K‡iwQj, hvi Kvi‡Y
cÖksmv K‡i‡Q wK bv? AvRI Avcwb Kó cvb?
Avcbvi Rxe‡bi me‡P‡q eo e¨_©Zv wK? †mLvb †_‡K Avcbvi Rxe‡bi Ggb †Kvb g~û‡Z©i K_v wK ejv
Avcwb wK wk‡L‡Qb? hvq hLb e„nËi fv‡jvi Rb¨ Avcbv‡K wg_¨v K_v
ej‡Z n‡qwQj?
wK ai‡bi cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Avcwb wec`MÖ¯Í ev Am¤§vwbZ †eva Avcbvi †Kvb mnKg©x‡ì wbivcËvi Rb¨
K‡ib? Avcbv‡K GKwU KvR Ki‡Z ejv n‡j Avcwb wK
Ki‡eb?
Avcbvi Rxe‡b Kx Ggb †Kvb g~ûZ© G‡mwQj hLb Avcwb Avcwb wb‡Ri m¤ú‡K© me‡P‡q Kx fv‡jv cÖksmv
Kv‡iv gvbevwaKvi iÿvi Rb¨ f~wgKv cvjb K‡iwQ‡jb? †c‡q‡Qb?
Avcbvi Rxe‡b wK Ggb †Kvb NUbv N‡U‡Q †h †Kvb Avcbvi ˆkk‡ei Ggb †Kvb ¯§„wZ wK ej‡eb, hv
AcwiwPZ e¨w³ Avcbvi mvnv‡h¨ GwM‡q G‡m‡Q? g‡b co‡j AvRI Avcbvi fv‡jv jv‡M?
Avcbvi Rxe‡bi Ggb †Kvb g~û‡Z©i K_v wK ej‡eb hLb Avcbvi Rxe‡bi Ggb GKwU Ø‡›Øi K_v ej‡eb
Avcwb Avcbvi †Kvb GKwU mxgve×Zv‡K kw³‡Z cwiYZ wK †hwU AvRI AwggvswmZ? GwU fve‡j GLbI
Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb? Avcbvi †Kgb jv‡M?
Avcbvi Rxe‡b Avcbvi wb‡R‡K †`qv †miv Dc‡`k A‡bï KvQ †_‡K cvIqv Ggb GKwU eo mg_©‡bi
ej‡eb wK? K_v ej‡eb wK hv Avcbvi Ávb I `ÿZv evov‡Z
mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q?
Avcbvi Rxe‡bi Ggb †Kvb g~û‡Z©i K_v wK ejv hvq Avcbvi Rxe‡b ev”Pvmyjf AvPi‡Yi GKwU
hLb KviI mvnvh¨ Avcbvi Rxeb‡K e`‡j w`‡q‡Q? gyn~‡Z©i K_v ïb‡Z PvB?
Avcbvi gb AvR hv PvB‡Q... Avcbvi wb‡Ri g‡a¨ gRvi welq¸‡jv Kx?
bgybv K wPÎ:
†PKBb KvW©m
13
bgybv L: cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-

wb‡R‡ì Avb›``vqK cwiwPwZ c‡e©i gva¨‡g GKwU cÖvYešÍ AskMÖn‡Yi B”Qv RvMv‡bv, wPšÍv D‡`ªKKvix Ges
Kvh©Kix Av‡jvPbvi cwi‡ek ˆZwi Ki‡eb|
cÖwk¶Y cÖZ¨vkv wbiƒcY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
GKwU Av`k© Kg©cwi‡ek Ges Kg©¯’j m¤ú‡K© avibv cv‡eb|
Dchy³ wbivc` I ms‡e`bkxj Kg©cwi‡ek Ges Kg©cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡eb|
AšÍf©yw³KiY Kx Ges †Kb cÖ‡qvRb ‡m m¤ú‡K© avibv jvf Ki‡eb
AšÍf©yw³ I êwPÎ m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges †Kv‡bv e„nr ¯^v‡_© cwieZ©b Avb‡Z AšÍf©yw³ I êwP‡Îi ¸iæZ¡
Dcjwä‡Z AbycÖvYxZ n‡eb
†m· I †RÛvi m¤ú‡K© cwi®‹vi avibv cv‡eb|
mvgvwRKxKiY cÖwµqv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z Ges I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
‰elg¨, mgZv, mvg¨ GB welq¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© cwi®‹vi avibv jvf Ki‡eb|
Kg©¯’‡j †Kb †RÛvi Av‡jvPbv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
Ô Kg©RMrÕ m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Ki‡eb|
†RÛviwfwËK mwnsmZv wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges Gi cÖK…wZ I aib I gva¨g e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
†RÛviwfwËK mwnsmZvi djvdj, cÖfve Ges ÿwZ Kx Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
bvixi Rxe‡b †RÛviwfwËK mwnsmZvi e¨vwß ev RxebPµ eyS‡Z cvi‡eb|
cÖPwjZ mgvReë¯’vB †h †RÛviwfwËK mwnsmZvi Drcv`K Zv cwi®‹vi n‡eb |
Kg©‡ÿ‡Î †KvbwU nqivwb, †KvbwU nqivwb bqÕ †m m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
†hŠb nqivwb wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges Gi cÖK…wZ I aib e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
Kg©‡ÿ‡Î †hŠb nqivwbi kvw¯Í Ges †hŠb nqivwb I wbwcob †iv‡a nvB‡Kv‡U©i w`K wb‡`©kbv 2009 m¤ú‡K©
Rvb‡Z I cwi®‹vi n‡Z cvi‡eb|
Kg©‡ÿ‡Î/ cÖwZôv‡b †hŠb nqivwb I wbwcob †iv‡a MwVZ KwgwU‡K (nvB‡Kv‡U©i w`K wb‡`©kbv) Kvh©Kix K‡i
Zzj‡Z f~wgKv ivL‡eb
†kvfb Kg©cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb,
†kvfb Kg©cwi‡ek Kx bxwZgvjv, ¸iæZ¡ Ges djvdj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
†UKmB Dbœqb j¶¨gvÎv (SDGs) 8 (Kg©ms¯’vb I A_©bxwZÑ mevi Rb¨ `xN©‡gqv`x, AšÍf©yw³g~jK
A_©‰bwZK cÖe…w×, c~Y©v½ I Drcv`bkxj I Dchy³ Kv‡Ri myweav wbwðZ Kiv) Gi Av‡jv‡K †kvfb
Kg©cwi‡ek e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
†RÛvi mgZvi mv‡_ †kvfb Kg©cwi‡e‡ki m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
‡kvfb Kg©cwi‡e‡k †RÛvi mgZv Avbvq‡b mvgvwRK msjvc Gi Kvh©KvwiZv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡eb|
mvgvwRK msjv‡ci welqmg~n wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges cÖwµqv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡eb|
wewfbœ RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK mb` Ges AvBbmg~n m¤ú‡K© cÖv_wgK avibv jvf Ki‡eb|
†Kvb& welq¸‡jv fvjg‡Zv †R‡b‡Q Zv hvPvB Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
cÖwkÿ‡Yi welqmg~n cybiv‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
cÖwkÿ‡Yi welqmg~n ¯^ ¯^ Kg©†ÿ‡Î eënv‡ii my‡hvM¸wj wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
14
Awa‡ekb -2
g~j welq : g‡bi is
Awa‡ekb :  g‡bv‡hvM Abykxjb

 GKwU †mŠnv`©¨c~Y© I Avb›`Nb wkLb cwi‡ek ˆZwii ga¨ w`‡q cieZ©x Awa‡ek‡b cÖ‡e‡ki
Rb¨ gvbwmKfv‡e cÖ¯‘Z n‡eb|
mgq : 20 wgwbU
c×wZ : `jxqKvR, cÖ`k©b, AskMÖnYg~jK Av‡jvPbv, ‡eªBb ÷wg©s
DcKiY : bKkv m¤^wjZ †ccvi, †c÷vj is, gvmwKb †Uc
Av‡jvP¨ welq cÖwµqv

g‡bv‡hvM  Awa‡ek‡b mKj‡K ¯^vMZ Rvwb‡q wR‡Ám Kiæb, †kl K‡e Avgiv Qwe is K‡iwQ? mK‡ji
Abykxjb KvQ †_‡K DËi ïbyb|
 cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvix‡K GKwU K‡i bKkv m¤^wjZ KvMR Ges †c÷vj is w`b Ges
wb‡`©kbv w`b †h, KvM‡R †h bKkv AvuKv Av‡Q †mUv‡Z wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i is w`‡Z|
KvRwU m¤úbœ Ki‡Z 05 wgwbU mgq eivÏ Kiæb|
 mK‡ji KvRwU m¤úbœ n‡q †M‡j cÖwkÿY K‡ÿi GKwU †`qv‡j †m¸‡jv cici Ry‡o †`qvi
Rb¨ (mshyw³-2bgybv wPÎ-K) Avnevb Rvbvb| me¸‡jv Qwe †`qv‡j jvMv‡bv n‡q †M‡j
mK‡j wg‡j GB †`qvjwUi GKwU bvg w`‡Z ejyb|
 AskMÖnYKvix‡ì KvQ ‡_‡K KvRwU Ki‡Z wM‡q wK Abyf’wZ n‡qwQj Zv Rvb‡Z Pvb|
2/3 R‡bi KvQ †_‡K DËi ïbyb|
 cybivq Rvb‡Z Pvb, mK‡ji Qwe¸‡jv GKmv‡_ jvMv‡bvi ci Kx g‡b n‡”Q? 2/3 R‡bi
KvQ †_‡K DËi ïbyb|
 mKj‡K mwµq AskMÖn‡Yi Rb¨ abëv` Ges cieZ©x Av‡jvPbvq AskMÖn‡Yi Avnevb
Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb mgvß Kiæb|
cÖwkÿ‡Ki cÖ¯‘wZt
 Awa‡ekb cÖwµqvwU fvj K‡i co–b|
 cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY c~‡e©B ¸wQ‡q ivLyb|
15
mshyw³: 2
bgybv wPÎ K : g‡bi is
16
Awa‡ekb - 3
g~j Awa‡ekb : Kg©‡ÿÎ I Kg©cwi‡ek

Av‡jvPbv :  Kg©‡ÿÎ I Kg©cwi‡ek
 GKwU Av`k© Kg©¯’j
D‡Ïk¨ : Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY -
 GKwU Av`k© Kg©cwi‡ek Ges Kg©¯’j m¤ú‡K© avibv cv‡eb|
 Dchy³ wbivc` I ms‡e`bkxj Kg©cwi‡ek Ges Kg©cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡eb|
mgq : 60 wgwbU
c×wZ : `jxqKvR, Av‡jvPbv, †cv÷vi cÖ`k©b, Abykxjbx
DcKiY : wfc‡evW©, wcb, êwk‡óï KvW©mg~n, Qwe: GKwU nvwmgvLv gyL I GKwU `ytLfvivµvšÍ gyL
cÖwµqv

Kg©‡ÿÎ I avc -1
Kg©cwi‡ek  AskMÖnYKvix‡ì GK, `yB, wZb, Pvi Gfv‡e MYbvi ga¨ w`‡q PviwU `‡j fvM Kiæb| K‡¶i PviwU
†Uwe‡j `‡j em‡Z Aby‡iva Kiæb| cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K gvK©vi I †cv÷vi ‡ccvi mieivn Kiæb |
 `yBwU `‡j ÔKg©‡¶Î ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?Õ Ges evKx `yBwU `‡j ÔKg©cwi‡ek ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?Õ GB wel‡q
Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g msÁv wba©viY K‡i †cv÷vi ‰Zwi Ki‡Z ejyb| `jxq Kv‡Ri Rb¨ c‡bi wgwbU mgq
wba©viY Kiæb |
 Gevi, Kg©‡¶Î wel‡q KvR K‡i‡Qb -GB `yB `j‡K GKmv‡_ Ges Kg©cwi‡ek wel‡q KvR K‡i‡Qb-GB
`j `yBwU‡K GKmv‡_ em‡Z ejyb Ges Dfq `‡j wb`©kbv w`b, eo `‡j Av‡jvPbv ¯^v‡c‡¶ `yBwU
†cv÷vi P~ovšÍ K‡i GKwU †cv÷vi ‰Zwi Ki‡Z| KvRwU m¤úbœ Ki‡Z cvuP wgwbU mgq eivÏ Kiæb |
 K‡¶i `yB cv‡ki †`qv‡j †cv÷vi `yBwU Sywj‡q w`b| Dfq `‡ji GKRb cÖwZwbwa wbe©vPb Ki‡Z
Aby‡iva Kiæb |
 wb‡`©kbv w`b ‡h, `‡ji cÖwZwbwa ïaygvÎ †cv÷v‡ii mv‡_ _vK‡eb, evKx mKj m`m¨ Ab¨ `‡ji
†cv÷‡ii Kv‡Q hv‡eb| `‡ji cÖwZwbwa Zv‡ì `‡ji †cv÷vi mKj‡K c‡o ‡kvbv‡eb, ‡Kv‡bv cÖkœ
_vK‡j Zvi DËi w`‡eb Ges †Kv‡bv gZvgZ _vK‡j Zv wj‡L wb‡eb| `jxq Kv‡R cvuP wgwbU mgq
eivÏ Kiæb |
 †cv÷vi Av‡jvPbv m¤úbœ n‡j mKj‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q wbR RvqMvq em‡Z ejyb| KvRwU Ki‡Z Kgb
‡j‡M‡Q `yB-GKR‡bi KvQ ‡_‡K ïbyb|
 mshyw³ 3 cvVDcKiY 1 Abyhvwq Av‡jvPbvi mvims‡¶c Kiæb| ejyb, mvaviY A‡_© Kg©‡¶Î ej‡Z
Ggb AeKvVv‡gv ev AeKvVv‡gvi Ask‡K †evSvq †hLv‡b Avgiv KvR Kwi| Avi Kg©cwi‡ek n‡jv
Kg©‡¶‡Îi Ask ‡hLv‡b mwbœ‡ewkZ _vK‡e- Kg©N›Uv I QywU, Dchy³ emvi RvqMv, Dchy³ gRywi,
Kvh©Ki †hvMv‡hvM, Kvh©g~j¨vqb I c‡`vbœwZ, nqivwbgy³ wbivc` Kg©cwi‡ek, cvi¯úwiK m¤§vb‡eva,
gvZ…Z¡Kvjxb QywU I fvZv, ch©vß Av‡jv-evZvm, gZ cÖKv‡ki ¯^vaxbZv, cvi¯úwiK m¤§vb‡eva, cÖRbb
¯^v¯’¨ I myweav, AšÍf©~w³g~jK Kg©cwi‡ek, Dchy³emvi RvqMv, AvPiYwewa, mvgvwRK msjvc, AvBbMZ
welqvejx BZ¨vw`|
 c‡ii Av‡jvPbvq cÖ‡ek Kiæb |
17
GKwU Av`k© avc -2
Kg©¯’j  ejyb, Kg©‡KŠkj ev cwiKíbv wbwe©‡k‡l Kg©‡ÿ‡Îi Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq n‡jv ms¯‹…wZ| Kg©‡ÿ‡Îi
†RÛvi fvimvg¨c~Y©, Avb›`gq, BwZevPK Ges Kj¨vYg~jK ms¯‹…wZ Kg©x‡ì Kv‡Ri cÖwZ DrmvwnZ K‡i,
Zv‡ì weKwkZ n‡Z mnvqZv K‡i|
 mK‡ji D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖkœ Kiæb, Av`k© Kg©¯’j ej‡Z Zviv Kx ‡ev‡Sb? `yB/ wZbR‡bi DËi †kvbvi †kvbvi
ci `ywU Qwe †ev‡W© jvMvb| (mshyw³ 3 bgybv wPÎ: K GKwU nvwmgvLv gyL I GKwU `ytLfvivµvšÍ gyL)
 AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 3wU †QvU `‡j fvM Kiæb| wb‡`©kbv w`b †h, fv‡jv Kg©cwi‡ek Ges Abyc‡hvMx
Kg©cwi‡e‡ki êwkó¨m¤úbœ wKQz KvW© cÖwZwU `j‡K †`qv n‡e| (mshyw³ 3 cvVDcKiY 2 ) cÖwZwU `‡j
wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ Av‡jvPbv mv‡c‡ÿ KvW©¸‡jv wPwýZ Ki‡eb Ges †ev‡W© wba©vwiZ Qwei wb‡P jvMv‡eb|
wb‡`©kbvg‡Zv KvRwU m¤úbœ Ki‡Z 10 wgwbU mgq wba©vib Kiæb|
 wba©vwiZ mg‡qi g‡a¨ KvRwU †kl Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ Kiæb| Dfq `‡ji KvR m¤úbœ nIqv ch©šÍ A‡cÿv
Kiæb|
 mK‡j wg‡j KvW©¸‡jv wba©vwiZ Qwei wb‡P emv‡bv n‡q‡Q wKbv †`‡L wbb| †Kv‡bv ms‡kvabx _vK‡j Zv
hyw³mnKv‡i Zz‡j aiæb|
 ejyb, GKwU Kg©‡cv‡hvMx, gvbe ms‡e`bkxj (we‡kl K‡i bvixi cÖwZ †hLv‡b bvixi msL¨v I Ae`vb
†ewk) cwi‡ek ˆZwi Ki‡Z, bvixiv hv‡Z wbtk¼ wP‡Ë KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i, †mLv‡b ïay †bZ…¯’vbxq e¨w³ivB
bq, eis mKj Kg©KZ©v, Kg©x, kÖwgK I eë¯’vcbv KZ©„cÿ‡K eë¯’v wb‡Z nq| ejyb, ïay bxwZgvjv ev
cwiKíbvB bq, Gi ev¯ÍevqbI wbwðZ Ki‡Z nq|
wkLb g~j¨vqb Av‡jvP¨ wel‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡ì wkLb hvPvB K‡i mKj‡K abëv` w`b Ges cieZ©x Awa‡ek‡b cÖ‡ek
Kiæb|
18
mshyw³: 3
Kg©‡ÿÎ I Kg©cwi‡ek
cvVDcKiY: 1 Kg©‡ÿÎ I Kg©cwi‡ek
Kg©‡ÿÎ:
mvavib A‡_© Kg©‡ÿÎ ej‡Z Kv‡Ri RvqMv, Ae¯’vb, aib (†hgb: Awdm, KviLvbv, Lvgvi BZ¨vw`) BZ¨vw`‡K †evSvq|
Kg©‡ÿÎ n‡jv Ggb GKwU RvqMv †hLv‡b Avgiv w`‡bi GK-Z…Zxqvsk mgq KvUvB| ZvB Avgv‡ì Kg©‡ÿÎ Avgv‡ì
e¨w³Z¡ cwikxj‡biI RvqMv -ejv hvq| Kg©‡ÿ‡Îi mv‡_ Kg©cwi‡ek, Kg©x, Kg©x ¯^vaxbZv, Drcv`bkxjZv, Kg©x mš‘wó- GB
welqMy‡jv m¤ú„³|
Kg©cwi‡ek:
Kg©cwi‡ek n‡jv Ggb GKwU ¯’vcbv, Kg©xi kvixwiK ‰ewkó¨ I mvgvwRK Ae¯’v‡bi mw¤§jb g‡a¨ wbwnZ _v‡K Kg©xi my¯’Zv,
Abyf’wZ, `ÿZv, Kg©x‡ì ga¨Kvi m¤úK©|
GKwU ¯^v¯’¨Ki Kg©cwi‡ek Kgx©i Drcv`bkxjZv‡K cwiPvjbv K‡i, Abycw¯’wZRwbZ ÿwZ Ges Kg©xi Uvb©Ifv‡ii nvi,
Kg©xi ÿwZc~iY Ges wPwKrmvRwbZ Li‡Pi nvi †K cÖfvweZ K‡i| mvgwMÖKfv‡e, GKwU ¯^v¯’¨Ki Kg©cwi‡ek Kg©‡ÿ‡Îi
mvgwMÖK gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨‡K fv‡jv iv‡L|
Kg©cwi‡e‡ki 06wU Dcv`vb;
`jxq AvZ¥-Dbœqb
g‡bvfve
Kg©x Kj¨vY
Kg©cwi‡ek
kÖ×v‡eva
BwZevPK
Av`vb-cÖ`vb
hZœ
19
cvVDcKiY: 2 Av`k© Kg©cwi‡e‡ki Dc‡hvMx Ges Abyc‡hvMx Kg©cwi‡e‡ki ‰ewkó¨
Dc‡hvMx Kg©cwi‡ek Abyc‡hvMx Kg©cwi‡ek
`~e©j †hvMv‡hvM Ges mnKg©x‡ì †_‡K `~iZ¡

gy³ Av‡jvPbvi cwi‡ek gZvgZ cÖKvk Ki‡Z bv cviv
mn‡hvwM g‡bvfve RwUj KvVv‡gv (KZ©„‡Z¡ AwawóZ e¨w³eM©)
`jxq Kg©¯ú„nv EaŸ©Zb KZ©„K AvwacZ¨ we¯Ívi
†bZ…Z¡ ˆZwi‡Z DØy×KiY Ges cwi‡ek ˆZwi g~j¨vwqZ bv nIqv Abyf’wZ
m‡e©vËg my‡hvM cÖ`v‡bi cÖwZkÖæwZ Lvivc AvPiY
EaŸ©Zb Ges mnKg©x‡ì Øviv m¤§vwbZ nIqv m¤§vb cÖ`k©‡Y NvUwZ
¯^xK…Z I g~j¨vwqZ nIqv wbivcËvnxbZvi Abyf’wZ
Pvwn`v I cÖ‡qvR‡bi cÖwZ kÖ×vkxj fq †`Lv‡bv I wbiærmvwnZ Kiv
wbivc` †eva Kiv (nqivwbgy³ cwi‡ek) ÿgZvi Aceënvi
Kg©xi Kj¨v‡Yi w`‡K `„wó (cwjwm, c`‡bœvwZ, fvZv, Mvwj †Ìqv, wPrKvi Kiv, Kg©¯’‡ji Aby‡cv‡hvwM fvlvi
QzwU, BZ¨vw`) eënvi
Kg©xi `ÿZv Dbœq‡b mn‡hvwMZv nqivwb
bvix Kg©x‡ì wb‡R‡ì D‡ØM-wPšÍvi welq¸‡jv fq- `~e©j KvVv‡gv
ksKvnxbfv‡e cÖKvk Kiv
`jxq Kg©¯ú„nvi Afve
ga¨g mvwii eë¯’vcK‡ì wb‡R‡ì D‡ØM-wPšÍvi
mgvbfv‡e g~j¨vwqZ bv nIqv
welq¸‡jv fq-ksKvnxbfv‡e D”P ch©v‡qi Kg©KZ©v‡ì
mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Kivi cwi‡ek _vKv| AvZ¥xqKiY
Dchy³ Ges e¨‡jÝ Kg©N›Uv ¯^v¯’¨ wbivcËvi Afve
Dchy³ bxwZgvjv Ges Gi cÖ‡qvM (¯^v¯’¨ wbivcËv, mgvb AwZwi³ Kg©N›Uv
g~j¨vqb eë¯’v, gvZ…Z¡RwbZ bxwZgvjv; Mf©Kvjxb wekÖvg cÖ‡qvRbxq bxwZgvjvi Abycw¯’wZ
I hZœ, ‡eª÷wdwWs KY©vi, wba©vwiZ mgq BZ¨vw`) bxwZgvjvi cÖ‡qvM bv _vKv
mK‡ji Rb¨ me ai‡bi my‡hvM-myweavi cÖvc¨Zv wbwðZ Kg©x AšÍf©~w³g~jK eë¯’v bv _vKv
mgZv-mvg¨ weivRgvb cwi‡ek Kg©x‡ì g‡a¨ gvbwmK Aemv`, Am‡šÍvl weivR Kiv
Kg©x‡ì gvbwmK ¯^v‡¯’ï DbœwZi cÖwZ mRvM `„wó Ab¨vh¨ gRywi
Kg©¯’‡j Ges Kg©x‡ì wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ wek^vm, Kg©‡ÿ‡Î Kg©xi Ae¯’vb Dbœq‡bi hvÎv‡K mxwgZ K‡i ivLv
Kg©x¯^vaxbZv, `vwqZ¡‡eva, ¯^”QZv weivRgvb _vKv
KvR I Rxe‡bi fvimvg¨ bv _vKv
Kg©xi `ÿZv Dbœq‡b EaŸ©Zb KZ©„c‡ÿi (cwiKíbv
Kg©xi `ÿZv Dbœq‡b EaŸ©Zb KZ©„c‡ÿi (cwiKíbv
MÖnYKvix) mn‡hvwMZv, mg_©b I cwiKíbv _vKv
MÖnYKvix) mn‡hvwMZv I mg_©b bv _vKv
KvR I Rxe‡bi fvimvg¨ eRv‡q cwiKíbv _vKv
Kg©x‡ì g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK mg‡e`bv, m¤§vb I †evSvcovi
Kg©¯’‡ji wewfbœ Abyôvbvw`‡Z Kg©xi ¯^‡Zvtù~Z© Afve
AskMÖnY
A_©c~Y© KvR bv _vKv
Kv‡R Abycw¯’wZ Ges †`wi K‡i Avmvi cÖebZv
Kg©¯’‡ji wewfbœ Abyôvbvw` †_‡K Kg©xi wb‡R‡K `~‡i ivLv
20
Awa‡ekb - 4
g~j Awa‡ekb : Kg©¯’‡j †RÛvi mgZv †Kb ¸iæZ¡c~Y©?

Av‡jvPbv :  gvbe gvbwPÎ
 AšÍf©yw³
 bvix, cyiæl ci¯ú‡ii c«wZ Kx ai‡bi fvlv c«‡qvM K‡i I AvPiY K‡i
 †m· I †RÛvi
 †KvbwU †RÛvi? †KvbwU †m·?
 ‰elg¨
 mgZv-mvg¨
 Kg©¯’‡j †RÛvi mgZv Av‡jvPbv †Kb ¸iæZ¡c~Y©?
D‡Ïk¨ : Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY -

 Kv‡Ri †ÿÎ Ges Kv‡ì Rb¨ Zv wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
 AšÍf©yw³ I êwPÎ m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb Ges †Kv‡bv e„nr ¯^v‡_© cwieZ©b Avb‡Z AšÍf©yw³ I êwP‡Îi
¸iæZ¡ Dcjwä‡Z AbycÖvYxZ n‡eb
 †m· I †RÛvi m¤ú‡K© cwi®‹vi avibv cv‡eb
 ‰elg¨, mgZv, mvg¨ GB welq¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© cwi®‹vi avibv jvf Ki‡eb
 Kg©¯’‡j †Kb †RÛvi Av‡jvPbv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb
mgq : 150 wgwbU
c×wZ : mvBgy‡jkb, `jxq KvR, †÷K†nv‡ìvi g¨vwcs, AskMÖnYg~jK Av‡jvPbv, Qwei auvav, ‡eªBb ÷wg©s,
Abykxjbx
DcKiY : gvK©vi, wd¬cPvU©, cvVDcKiY, ˆZwiK…Z †cv÷vi/ ¯øvBW, auvavi Qwe

gvbe gvbwPÎ avc 1
 ejyb g~j Av‡jvPbvq cÖ‡e‡ki c~‡e© hv‡ì Rb¨ Avgv‡ì GB Av‡jvPbv Zv ¯§iY K‡i wb‡Z PvB|
AšÍf©yw³
 1,2,3 MYbv K‡i AskMÖnYKvix‡ì wZbwU `‡j fvM K‡i wZbwU †Uwe‡j em‡Z Aby‡iva Kiæb|
cÖ‡Z¨KwU `‡j ÔgvbylÕ wjwLZ (mshyw³:4 bgybvwPÎ K) †cv÷vi Ges gvK©vi mieivn Kiæb| wZbwU `‡j
wZb is‡qi gvK©vi w`b|
 wb‡`©kbv w`b †h, cÖ_g wZb wgwb‡U `‡j e‡m wb‡R‡ì Kg© GjvKvq KZ ai‡Yi gvby‡li emevm Zv
†cv÷v‡i wjL‡eb| ms‡KZ evR‡j cÖwZwU `j wb‡R‡ì †Uwej I †cv÷vi †Q‡o (ïay wba©vwiZ gvK©vi
wb‡q) cv‡ki †Uwe‡j (Nwoi KuvUvi wecixZ w`‡K) hv‡eb, Ab¨‡ì †jLv¸‡jv co‡eb, †h aiY¸‡jv
†cv÷‡i Av‡mwb †m¸‡jv H `‡ji †cv÷v‡i ms‡hvRb Ki‡eb| Gfv‡e cici wZbevi ms‡KZ †Ìqv
n‡e| me‡k‡l wZbwU `jB wb‡R‡ì ¯’v‡b G‡m ùvov‡eb Ges wb‡R‡ì †cv÷v‡i evowZ Kx Kx
ms‡hvwRZ n‡q‡Q Zv c‡o †`L‡eb| KvRwU m¤úbœ Ki‡Z c‡b‡iv wgwbU mgq eivÏ Kiæb| cy‡iv
KvRwU m¤úbœ n‡j mKj‡K wbR wbR Avm‡b ej‡Z Aby‡iva Kiæb|
 Rvb‡Z Pvb KvRwU Kivi mgq Kv‡iv †Kvb we‡kl Abyf‚wZ Av‡Q wKbv? Abyf‚wZ †kvbv †k‡l Rvb‡Z
Pvb †cv÷v‡i †KD ev` c‡o‡Qb wKbv? cÖ‡qvR‡b K‡qKwU Rb‡Mvôxi bvg a‡i Rvb‡Z Pvb †hgb:
cÖwZeÜx, wnRov, LGBTQ `wjZ, †hŠbKgx© BZ¨vw` †cv÷v‡i G‡m‡Q wKbv? G‡m _vK‡j abëv` w`b,
bv G‡m _vK‡j hy³ Ki‡Z Aby‡iva Kiæb|
 †UKmB Dbœqb j¶¨gvÎv (SDG) Gi NO One Left behind ev ev` hv‡e bv †KD Gi cÖm½ D‡jøL
K‡i ejyb-Avgv‡ì Kg© GjvKvi mKj ai‡Yi A_©vr RvZ-cvZ-eY©-fvlv-wj½-wbwe©‡k‡l mK‡ji Rb¨
†mev wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡j Gfv‡e wnDg¨vb g¨vwcs Ges †÷K†nv‡ìvi g¨vwcs m¤úbœ Kiv Riæix Ges
†mevi evB‡i †Kv‡bv Rb‡Mvôx i‡q †M‡j Zv‡ì AšÍf‚©³ Kiv Riæix|
21
 mshyw³- 4 cvV DcKiY-1 Gi mnvqZvq AšÍf‚©w³ Kx Zv Av‡jvPbv K‡i ejyb, AšÍf©yw³Ki‡bi PP©v
gvby‡li ‰ewPÎ‡K ¯^xKvi I m¤§vb Rvwb‡q mgvR †eva I mgvR mswkøó nIqvi ga¨ w`‡q Rxe‡bi mKj
†ÿ‡Î gvby‡li AskMÖnY‡K DrmvwnZ K‡i| GLv‡b †Lqvj ivLv nq, hv‡Z GKRb gvbylI ev` bv
c‡o| AšÍf©yw³i ga¨ w`‡q gvbyl wn‡m‡e cÖvc¨ AwaKvimg~n †fv‡Mi ¯^xK…wZ wg‡j|
 ejyb, mvgvwRK AšÍf©yw³KiY n‡”Q Ggb GKwU cÖwµqv hvi gva¨‡g gvby‡li mvgvwRK Ae¯’vb wbwe©‡k‡l
mevi Rb¨ mgvb my‡hvM ˆZixi D‡`¨vM †bqv nq, hv‡Z Zviv Rxe‡bi mKj m¤¢vebv¸‡jv AR©b Ki‡Z
cv‡i| GwU GKwU eûgvwÎK cÖwµqv hvi jÿ¨ n‡”Q Ggb GKwU mvgvwRK cwiw¯’wZ ˆZix Kiv †hLv‡b
mgv‡Ri gvbyl‡K Rxe‡bi mKj †ÿ‡Î A_©vr mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK, bvMwiK I ivR‰bwZKmn wm×všÍ
MÖnY cÖwµqvq cwic~Y© I mwµq AskMÖn‡b mÿg K‡i †Zvjv|
 mK‡ji Kv‡Q welqwU my¯úó n‡q‡Q wbwðZ n‡q ce© mgvß Kiæb|
bvix, cyiæl avc 2
ci¯ú‡ii c«wZ  02 Rb AskM«nYKvix‡K (hv‡ì GKRb bvix I GKRb cyiæl) Avgš¿Y Rvbvb, Ab¨‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ ejyb
Kx ai‡bi fvlv gvbyl wn‡m‡e hw` Avgiv mgvb nB Zvn‡j GB `yRb wKfv‡e `vuov‡e? DËi Avm‡Z cv‡i- cvkvcvwk
c«‡qvM K‡i I
AvPiY K‡i `vuov‡e|
 ejyb- Avgiv hw` AwaKv‡ii `„wó‡Z †`wL, Zvn‡j GB `yRb gvbyl mgvb Ges GKB mgvšÍiv‡j `yR‡bi
`vuovevi K_v, wKš‘ ev¯Íe cwiw¯’wZ m¤ú~Y© wfbœ|
 `vuwo‡q _vKv `yBRb‡K abëv` w`‡q wb‡R‡ì Avm‡b em‡Z Aby‡iva Kiæb, mK‡ji Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z
Pvb †Kb GB cwiw¯’wZ?
 `y/wZbR‡bi KvQ †_‡K DËi MÖnY †k‡l ejyb, †Kb GB cwiw¯’wZ ‰Zwi n‡q‡Q, wKfv‡e n‡q‡Q, †m
wel‡qB Avgiv K‡qKwU av‡c Avgiv GB Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev|
 GK, `yB, wZb MYbvi ga¨ w`‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡ì wZbwU `‡j fvM K‡i wZbwU †Uwe‡j `‡j em‡Z
Aby‡iva Kiæb| cÖ‡qvRbxq †cv÷vi I gvK©vi mieivn Kiæb |
 wb‡`©kbv w`b †h, cÖ_g `j KvR Ki‡eb bvix-cyiæ‡li cÖwZ mgv‡Ri `…wófw½, wØZxq `j Ki‡eb bvix-
cyiæ‡li cÖwZ mgv‡Ri AvPiY; Z…Zxq `j Ki‡eb bvix-cyiæ‡li cÖwZ mgvR Kx ai‡bi fvlvi c«‡qvM
K‡i| wZbwU `‡j mgv‡Ri `…wófw½i Av‡jv‡K KvRwU Ki‡Z ejyb| c‡b‡iv wgwbU mgq eivÏ Kiæb |
 `jxq KvR †k‡l GKwU wbw`©ó †`qv‡j †cv÷vi wZbwU Sywj‡q w`b Ges wbw`©ó `j †_‡K GKRb‡K
wb‡R‡ì †cv÷vi c‡o †kvbv‡Z Aby‡iva Kiæb | (mshyw³ 4 bgybv wPÎ L)
 wZbwU `‡ji †cv÷vi cov †kl n‡q †M‡j mKj‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q RvqMvq em‡Z ejyb|
 ejyb, mgv‡R bvix-cyiæl‡K wN‡i cÖPwjZ `…wófw½ Ges †mLvb †_‡K fvlvi cÖ‡qvM I AvPiY bvix‡K
µgkt †bwZevPKZvi w`‡K †V‡j ‡`q| mgv‡Ri GB `…wófw½B g~jZ: bvix cyiæ‡li ‰ewkó¨ ‰Zwi‡Z
f~wgKv iv‡L Ges mgvR Avkv K‡i bvix I cyiæ‡li ‰ewkó¨ ‡Kgb n‡e; D`vniY w`b- bvix n‡e fxZy,
ms‡KvwPZ, nxbgb¨, big, jvRyK Avi cyiæl n‡e mvnmx, wØavnxb,kw³kvjx, KwVb, ‡gRvRx |
 wR‡Ám Kiæb, Ggb hw` ‰ewkó¨ nq, Zvn‡j bvix-cyiæ‡li Ae¯’vb †Kgb n‡e? DËi Avm‡e, bvix
wcwQ‡q _vK‡e, cyiæl GwM‡q _vK‡e|
 AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cÖkœ Kiæb GB ai‡bi ‰ewk‡óï †jvK‡ì wbKU mgvR Kx ai‡bi KvR cÖZ¨vkv
K‡i? DË‡i Avm‡Z cv‡i-bvixi KvR ivbœv-evbœv, Svo– †`qv, cwi¯‹vi Kiv, mšÍvb jvjb-cvjb, Mv‡Q
cvwb †`qv, Kvco †avqv BZ¨vw` Avi cyiæ‡li KvR eëmvq Kiv, evRvi Kiv, PvKyix Kiv, we‡iva
wb®úwZ Kiv, nv‡U- evRv‡i wKb‡Z hvIqv, Jlya wKb‡Z hvIqv, myBP-ìRv-Kj wVK Kiv BZ¨vw`|
 ejyb- A_¨©vr mvgvwRK `…wófw½ wbg©vY K‡i gvby‡li ‰ewkó¨ Ges ‰ewkó¨ wba©viY K‡i gvby‡li KvR|
 mKj‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q c‡ii Av‡jvPbv ïiæ Kiæb|
22
†m· I †RÛvi avc-3
 `ywU `‡j AskM«nYKvix‡ì fvM K‡i †ckv ev KvR m¤^wjZ ‡QvU ‡QvU wfcKvW© (mshyw³ 4 bgybv wPÎ
M) mieivn Kiæb Ges ejyb, GB K‡¶i †g‡S‡Z wZbwU Ni Kiv Av‡Q| Ni wZbwU ‡Z- Ô†Kej bvixB
Ki‡Z cv‡iÕ, Ô†Kej cyiælB Ki‡Z cv‡iÕ, Ôbvix-cyiæl Df‡qB Ki‡Z cv‡iÕ- †jLv fxc KvW© ivLv
n‡q‡Q| wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ Av‡jvPbv K‡i (bvix-cyiæ‡li cÖwZ mgv‡Ri `…wófw½ Abymv‡i) †h N‡i ‡h
KvW©¸‡jv hv‡e e‡j Zviv g‡b Ki‡Qb †mLv‡b emv‡Z ejyb| KvRwU m¤úbœ Ki‡Z G Rb¨ 10 wgwbU
mgq eivÏ Kiæb| mevi ‡kl n‡j `y-GK R‡bi KvQ ‡_‡K ïbyb|
 cybivq, AskMÖnYKvix‡ì wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ Av‡jvPbv K‡i (Avcbvi g‡Z bvix-cyiæ‡li KvR ‡hgb
nIqv DwPZ Zvi Avw½‡K) †h N‡i ‡h KvW©¸‡jv hv‡e e‡j Zviv g‡b Ki‡Qb ‡mLv‡b emv‡Z ejyb|
KvRwU m¤úbœ Ki‡Z G Rb¨ 10 wgwbU mgq eivÏ Kiæb|
 `yBwU `‡ji KvR ‡k‡l Av‡jvPbv Kiæb †Kb Zviv GB Ni¸‡jv †e‡Q wb‡q‡Qb? DËi ïbyb Ges
mK‡ji mv‡_ wgwj‡q †hvM Kiæb, bvixiv NigyLx Ges cyiæ‡liv ewng©~Lx KvR Ki‡e I †ckv ‡e‡Q wb‡e
mgvR ZvB cÖZ¨vkv K‡i|
 c~‡e©i Av‡jvPbvi mv‡_ wgwj‡q ejyb, mvgvwRK `…wófw½ wbg©vY K‡i gvby‡li ‰ewkó¨ Ges ‰ewkó¨
wba©viY K‡i gvby‡li KvR| Avi GB Kv‡Ri `¶Zv I ai‡Yi Kvi‡YB wba©vwiZ n‡q hvq †ckv|
 ejyb, Avgiv GB Abykxjbxi †¶‡Î †`L‡Z †cjvg ‡h, bvix‡ì ‡¶‡Î †KejgvÎ ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡bv
I Mf©aviY Kiv Ges cyiæl‡ì †Kej ïµvby `vb Kiv Qvov evKx mKj KvRB bvix-cyiæl Df‡qB
Ki‡Z cv‡i hw` Dchy³ cÖwk¶Y †`qv nq|
 cÖkœ Kiæb, Zviv †RÛvi kãwU ï‡b‡Qb wKbv? DËi ïbyb Ges ejyb, mvgvwRKfv‡e m„ó bvix, cyiæl I
Ab¨vb¨ wj½xq cwiPq gvby‡li êwkó¨‡K †RÛvi e‡j Ges cÖvK…wZKfv‡e m„ó bvix, cyiæl I Ab¨vb¨
wj½xq cwiP‡qi gvby‡li êwkó¨‡K †m· e‡j| AZtci, c~‡e© †_‡K ˆZwi Kiv †cv÷vi (mshyw³:4
bgybvwPÎ N) †`Lvb| (Av‡jvPbvi cÖ‡qvR‡b mshyw³- 4 cvV DcKiY-2 Gi mnvqZv wbb)
 ejyb, Avgiv GLb GKwU Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g wb‡R‡ì aviYv hvPvB Ki‡ev|
 Ô†RÛvi-‡m· LyuRybÕ QKwU (mshyw³ 01 Abykxjbx 1) mevB‡K 1wU K‡i w`b Ges Zv wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i
†KvbwU †RÛvi? c~iY Ki‡Z ejyb| G Rb¨ 10 wgwbU mgq eivÏ Kiæb| mevi ‡kl n‡j `y-GK R‡bi KvQ ‡_‡K ïbyb
†KvbwU †m·?
Ges †Kv_vq wUK w`‡q‡Qb ciL Kiæb|
 `yBwU `‡ji KvR ‡k‡l AskMÖnYKvix‡ì `yB / wZbR‡bi KvQ ‡_‡K Abyf~wZ ïbyb| Av‡jvPbv Kiæb
‡Kb Zviv GB Ni¸‡jv ‡e‡Q wb‡q‡Qb? DËi ïbyb|
 cieZ©x‡Z Abykxjb c‡Îi mwVK DË‡ii mv‡_ wb‡R‡ì DËi wgwj‡q wb‡Z Aby‡iva Kiæb|
‰elg¨ avc 4
 cybivq, H `yBRb AskMÖnYKvix‡K G‡b cyiælwU‡K mvg‡b Ges bvixwU‡K GKUz wcwQ‡q `vuov‡Z ejyb|
cÖkœ Kiæb, Ôm¤ú`Õ, Ôwm×všÍMÖnYÕ Ges Z_¨ GB wZbwU †K cv‡e? DËi Avm‡Z cv‡i, whwb mvg‡b
_vK‡eb, wZwb cv‡eb| cybivq cÖkœ Kiæb, GB wZbwU‡Z hvi cÖ‡ekvwaKvi _vK‡e, †m Kx n‡e? DËi
Avm‡Z cv‡i, wZwb ÿgZvevb n‡eb, GwM‡q _vK‡eb| Ges Rvb‡Z Pvb, ÿgZv cÖvwßi ci Zv‡ì
`yBR‡bi eZ©gvb Ae¯’vb †Kgb? mK‡jB GKev‡K¨ ej‡e, cyiæl Av‡iv GwM‡q hv‡e|
 mK‡ji D‡Ï‡k¨ cybivq cÖkœ Kiæb, Gfv‡e bvixiv wcwQ‡q Ges cyiæliv GwM‡q hvIqvi d‡j gvSLv‡b
†h k~b¨Zv ˆZwi n‡”Q Zv‡K Kx e‡j? DËi Avm‡Z cv‡i ÔdvivK, Ab¨vq, eëavb, cv_©K¨ BZ¨vw`Õ|
 †nvqvBU †ev‡W© eo K‡i êlg¨ kãwU wjLyb| wR‡Ám Kiæb, cv_©K¨ I êlg¨-Gi g‡a¨ †gŠwjK wfbœZv
Av‡Q wKbv Ges _vK‡j Kx Zv Rvb‡Z Pvb|
 ejyb, cv_©K¨ n‡jv cÖK…wZi m„wó A_¨©vr GwU cÖvK…wZK Avi êlg¨ n‡jv mgv‡Ri ˆZwi A_©¨vr mvgvwRK|
 Rvb‡Z Pvb êlg¨ †K ˆZwi K‡i? wK‡mi mvnv‡h¨ êl‡gï cÖKvk N‡U? DËi Avm‡Z cv‡i Ôgvbyl ˆZwi
K‡i ‰elg¨ A_©vr mgv‡Ri cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e wewfbœ cÖev`, cÖ_v, ixwZbxwZ, wefvRb, ÿgZv BZ¨vwì
mvnv‡h¨B ˆZwi nq êlg¨|
 ejyb, bvixi Rb¨ Kv‡Ri A‡bK my‡hvM i‡q‡Q wKš‘, Zv‡ì mgvR KZ©„K Av‡ivwcZ `vq-`vwqZ¡, wewa-
23
wb‡la, wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y Avm‡Z DrmvwnZ bv Kiv mgv‡Ri ixwZ n‡q D‡V‡Q| bvixi †_‡K Avkv Kiv nq
†h, †m †g‡b †bqvi gvbwmKZv wb‡q Pj‡e| KwVb KvR Zv‡K †`qv hv‡e bv| bvix K‡Vvi n‡Z
cvi‡ebv| bvix KvR Av`vq Ki‡Z cvi‡ebv| bvix hZœevb, gvqv-ggZv, †¯œ‡n ficyi _vK‡e| Kg ågb
Ki‡Z nq Ggb KvR wb‡e| Ab¨w`‡K cyiæ‡li KvQ †_‡K GB welq¸‡jvi D‡ëv w`K Avkv Kiv nq|
A_©vr mvgvwRK `„wófw½ †_‡KB êwkó¨ wba©vi‡bi c_ a‡i KvR, †ckv, f’wgKv, cÖ‡ekMg¨Zv Ges
ÿgZvq‡bi ga¨ w`‡qB ‰el‡gï Rb¥|
 AZtci ¯øvB‡W ev †cv÷v‡i êl‡gï (mshyw³:4 bgybvwPÎ- O êlg¨) cÖ`k©b Kiæb Ges D`vniY
mnKv‡i Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
AmgZv-mgZv- avc 5
mvg¨-b¨vqwePvi  AskMÖnYKvix‡ì wZbwU `‡j fvM K‡i cÖ‡Z¨K `‡j GKwU K‡i Qwe (mshyw³: 4 bgybvwPÎ P) cÖ`vb
Kiæb Ges QwewU LuywU‡q †`L‡Z Aby‡iva Kiæb| G Rb¨ 1 wgwbU mgq eivÏ Kiæb|
 mgq †k‡l ¯øvB‡W Qwe¸‡jv cÖ`k©Y Kiæb Ges wZbwU `‡ji Kv‡QB Zv‡ì ch©‡eÿY Rvb‡Z Pvb|
 cÖwZwU `‡ji KvQ †_‡K †kvbv †kl n‡j gvbevwaKv‡ii msÁv I êwkó¨ g‡b Kwi‡q w`‡q Zv‡ì aviYvi
mv‡_ wgwj‡q ejyb, mgZv n‡”Q P~ovšÍ jÿ¨| mgZvq †cŠuQv‡bvi †KŠkjB n‡”Q mvg¨| b¨vqwePvi cÖwZôvi
Rb¨ mvg¨ GKwU eo f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
 ejyb, Avgv‡ì jÿ¨ mvg¨ Ges b¨vqwePvi cÖwZôvi ga¨ w`‡q mgZv Avbvqb| mshyw³: 4 cvVDcKiY 3
Gi mnvqZvq mgZv AR©‡bi avcmg~n Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
Kg©¯’‡j †RÛvi avc 6
mgZv  AskMÖnYKvix‡ì KvQ †_‡K Ô†RÛvi mgZvÕ I Ô†RÛvi mvg¨Õ m¤ú‡K© aviYv Rvb‡Z Pvb Ges
Av‡jvPbv †Kb K‡qKR‡bi KvQ †_‡K ïbyb|
¸iæZ¡c~Y©?
 ¯øvB‡Wi mvnv‡h¨ (mshy³ 4 bgybv ¯øvBW-1 Ô†RÛvi mgZvÕ I Ô†RÛvi mvg¨Õ) Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
 AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z Pvb, Kg©¯’‡j †RÛvi mgZv Av‡jvPbv †Kb ¸iæZ¡c~Y©? mKj‡K ej‡Z
DØy× Kiæb| Zv‡ì DËimg~n wd¬cPv‡U© wjLyb| (mshyw³: 4 bgybvwPÎ Q)
 AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ga¨ †_‡K 03Rb‡K GwM‡q Avm‡Z Avnevb Kiæb Ges wZbRb‡K wZbwU PwiÎ
m¤^wjZ KvW© w`b| GKRb cvkvcvwk weevwnZ bvix Kg©x hvi `yB ev”Pv Av‡Q, GKRb AweevwnZ bvix
Kg©x Ges GKRb weevwnZ cyiæl Kg©x hvi GKwU ev”Pv Av‡Q| wZbRb‡K wb‡R‡ì KvW© cÖ`k©b K‡i
`vuov‡Z ejyb|(mshyw³: 4 bgybvwPÎ R)
 AskMÖnYKvix‡ì wb‡`©kbv w`b †h, GB wZbR‡bi g‡a¨ Kvi Dci Pvc †ewk ch©vqµ‡g Zviv Avjv`v
Ki‡eb|
 mK‡ji ejv †kl n‡j wR‡Ám Kiæb, GKRb bvix Kg©x, whwb weevwnZ Ges `yB ev”Pv Av‡Q Zvi
mvivw`‡bi Kg©e¨vwß Ges GKRb AweevwnZ bvix Kg©x wKsev GKRb weevwnZ cyiæl Kg©x hvi GKwU
ev”Pv Av‡Q-GB wZbR‡bi N‡i-evB‡i Kg©e¨vwß, Pvc, †Ubkb BZ¨vwÌ ‡¶‡Î GKBiKg wKbv|
†Kv_vq †Kv_vq cv_©K¨ n‡q _v‡K? †Kb n‡q _v‡K? DËi ïbyb I wb‡Ri gZvgZ hy³ Kiæb|
 ejyb, Avgv‡ì mgvReë¯’vq GKRb bvix‡KB N‡ii KvR m¤úv`‡bi, cvwiev‡ii m`m¨‡ì h‡Zœi
`vwqZ¡ wb‡Z nq| AwZwi³ `vwqZ¡ ‡bqvi f‡q Zviv A‡bK †¶‡ÎB bvix Kg©x D”Pc‡` †h‡Z Pvq bv|
Avevi cvwievwiK `vwqZ¡ en‡bi Kvi‡Y Kg©‡¶‡Î D”Pc‡ì Rb¨ bvix‡K fvevB nq bv| eis bvix‡K
hw` Kg©‡¶Î †_‡K we‡kl mv‡cvU© cÖ`vb Kiv hvq Zvn‡j cvwievwiK `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi Kvi‡Y bvix‡K
Kg©‡¶‡Î wcwQ‡q co‡Z nq bv|
 GKwU Dchy³ I bvixevÜe Kg©cwi‡ek ‰Zwi‡Z KZ©…c¶ Kx Kx eë¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv Rvb‡Z
Pvb| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì KvQ ‡_‡K Avmv DËimg~n wd¬cPv‡U© wjLyb|
 mK‡ji mv‡_ GKgZ †cvlY K‡i ejyb †h, Avgv‡ì mgvR eë¯’vq bvixiv M…n¯’vjx Kv‡R mgq w`‡e
GUvB c«Z¨vkv Kiv nq| †h‡nZy M„n¯’vjx KvR †Kv‡bv A_© DcvR©‡bi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z bq, ZvB GB Kv‡R
¶gZv I gh©v`v ‡bB| bvix GKBmv‡_ N‡ii Ges evB‡ii Kv‡Ri mv‡_ hy³ _vKvq bvixi wekÖv‡gi mgq
K‡g ‡M‡Q Ges Kv‡Ri Pvc I cwiwa ‡e‡o‡Q eû¸Y| N‡i-evB‡i bvixi GB Ae`vb‡K DrmvwnZ Kivi
24
Rb¨ Kg©‡¶‡Î‡K AviI bvixevÜe Kg©m~Px cÖYqb Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z bvixiv wcwQ‡q bv hvq|
 Av‡jvPbv mgvß K‡i c‡ii Awa‡ek‡b cÖ‡ek Kiæb|
 Awa‡ekb cÖwµqvwU fvj K‡i co–b|
 cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY c~‡e©B ¸wQ‡q ivLyb|
 Av‡jvPbvq Av‡iv wKQz †hvM Ki‡Z PvB‡j wewfbœ mswkøó AvwU©‡Kj c‡o †`L‡Z ev ¸M‡ji mvnvh¨ wb‡Z cv‡ib |
mshyw³: 4
Abykxjbx 1
Lyu‡R †ei Kiæb †KvbwU †m· Ges †KvbwU †RÛvi
µwgK e³e¨ †m· †RÛvi
1. bvixiv mšÍvb aviY I Rš§ w`‡Z cv‡i, cyiæliv Zv cv‡i bv|

2. †QvU †g‡qiv kvšÍ, wKš‘ †Q‡jiv `yišÍ|
3. evsjv‡`‡ki K„wl‡Z bvix w`bgRyiiv cyiæl w`bgRyi‡ì Zzjbvq 40 fvM gRywi Kg
cvq|
4. bvix ey‡Ki `ya cvb Kiv‡Z cv‡i, cyiæl cv‡i bv|
5. evsjv‡`‡ki bvix kvwo I mv‡jvqvi KvwgR c‡i Ges cyiæl kvU© c¨v›U c‡i|
6. evsjv‡`‡k †Uªb PvjK‡ì g‡a¨ †KejgvÎ GKRb bvix PvjK Av‡Q|
7. Avgv‡ì mgv‡R mvaviYZ cyiæl evB‡ii KvR K‡i Avi bvix M„n¯’vjx KvR K‡i|
8. GKwU cwimsL¨vb g‡Z, bvixiv c„w_exi †gvU Kv‡Ri `yB Z…Zxqvsk m¤úbœ K‡i A_P
†gvU m¤ú‡ì gvÎ GKfvM Zviv †fvM Kivi my‡hvM cvq|
9. eq:mwÜKv‡j cyiæl‡ì Mjvi ¯î †f‡O hvq| bvixi Zv fv‡O bv|
10. bvix n‡jv †èx, mn¨ K‡i meB|
11. mZx bvixi cwZ g‡i bv|
12. bvixi Rivqy Av‡Q, cyiæ‡li Rivqy †bB|
13. Avgv‡ì mgv‡R bvixiv M„‡ni †fZ‡i KvR K‡i| Avi cyiæliv N‡ii evB‡i KvR K‡i|
14. Avgv‡ì †`‡k Mv‡iv mgv‡R we‡qi ci cyiæl bvixi evwo‡Z ¯’vqxfv‡e emevm K‡i|
15. cyiæ‡li Av‡eM †`Lv‡Z †bB|
16. bvixi †bZ…Z¡ †èvi ÿgZv †bB|
17. bvix ïay †fv‡Mi Rb¨, kvixwiK †mŠ›`h¨©B Zv‡ì GKgvÎ m¤ú`|
18. ¯^vgxi cv‡qi wb‡P ¯¿xi †e‡n¯Í
25
19. Avgv‡ì mgv‡R bvixiv wcZvi m¤cwË‡Z mgvb fvM cvq bv|
20. bvixi cÖavb KvR n‡”Q mšÍvb Rb¥`vb, jvjb-cvjb, ivbœv I M„n¯’vjxi KvR Kiv
bgybv wPÎ-K gvbe gvbwPÎ
gvbyl
bgybv wPÎ-L bvix, cyiæl ci¯ú‡ii c«wZ Kx ai‡bi fvlv c«‡qvM K‡i I AvPiY K‡i
26
bgybv wPÎ-M bvix-cyiæ‡li KvR m¤^wjZ fxc KvW©
bgybv wPÎ-N †m· I †RÛvi
mshyw³: 3 bgybv wPÎ –Q †m· I †RÛvi

†m· Kx?
†RÛvi Kx?
27
bgybv wPÎ-O ‰elg¨
hvi d‡j gvbyl `~e©j ev ÿwZMÖ¯’ nq Zv‡K e‡j êlg¨

bgybv wPÎ-P AmgZv-mgZv-mvg¨-b¨vqwePvi
28
bgybv wPÎ-Q Kg©¯’‡j †RÛvi mgZv Av‡jvPbv †Kb ¸iæZ¡c~Y©?
bgybv wPÎ-R weevwnZ bvix Kg©x hvi `yB ev”Pv Av‡Q, GKRb AweevwnZ bvix Kg©x Ges GKRb
weevwnZ cyiæl Kg©x hvi GKwU ev”Pv
29
cvV DcKiY-1
AšÍf©yw³ ev Inclusion wK?
mgvR ZvwË¡K e¨vL¨v Abyhvqx AšÍf©yw³KiY n‡”Q e„nËi †Kvb wKQzi Ask wnmv‡e Ae¯’vb Kiv A_ev f~wgKv ivLv|
mvgvwRK †cÖÿvc‡U AšÍf©yw³ gv‡b e¨w³i wbR¯^ `ÿZvi wfwË‡Z, RvwZMZ Ae¯’vb, mvgvwRK Ae¯’vb, †RÛvi ev eqm
wbwe©‡k‡l †h †Kvb mvgvwRK cÖwµqvq cwic~Y© Ges mgvb fv‡e AskMÖn‡Yi m¤¢vebv I my‡hvM ˆZix Kiv| AšÍf©yw³KiY
†Kvb e¨w³i Dci cÖ‡qv‡Mi welq bq, eis GUv Ggb GKwU welq †hLv‡b gvbyl mwµq fv‡e Ask †bq| AšÍf©yw³
Ki‡Yi PP©v gvby‡li ‰ewPÎ‡K ¯^xKvi I m¤§vb Rvwb‡q mgvR †eva I mgvR mswkøó nIqvi ga¨ w`‡q Rxe‡bi mKj
†ÿ‡Î gvby‡li AskMÖnY‡K DrmvwnZ K‡i|
cÖv‡qvwMK A‡_© mvgvwRK AšÍf©yw³KiY n‡”Q Ggb GKwU cÖwµqv hvi gva¨‡g gvby‡li mvgvwRK Ae¯’vb wbwe©‡k‡l mevi
Rb¨ mgvb my‡hvM ˆZixi D‡`¨vM †bqv nq, hv‡Z Zviv Rxe‡bi mKj m¤¢vebv¸‡jv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Dbœqb `k©‡Y ejv n‡”Q ÓGwU GKwU eûgvwÎK cÖwµqv hvi jÿ n‡”Q Ggb GKwU mvgvwRK cwiw¯’wZ ˆZix Kiv †hLv‡b
mgv‡Ri gvbyl‡K Rxe‡bi mKj †ÿ‡Î A_©vr mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK, bvMwiK I ivR‰bwZKmn wm×všÍ MÖnY cÖwµqvq
cwic~Y© I mwµq AskMÖn‡Y mÿg K‡i|
cvVDcKiY: 2
†RÛvi GÛ †m·
e„wUk kvmb Aemv‡bi ciI GB Dcgnv‡`‡ki †g‡q wkï Ges bvix wØZxq †kªbxi gvbyl wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ| Avgv‡ì
mgv‡R AwaKvsk bvix ÿgZvnxb, ghv©`vnxb I m¤ú`nxb Ae¯’vq i‡q‡Q| wcZ…Zvwš¿K g~j¨‡ev‡ai Kvi‡Y bvix cÖwZwbqZ
bvbv wbcxob, wbhv©Zb I mgm¨vi wkKvi n‡”Q hv Zvi Ae¯’v‡K Av‡iv bvRyK K‡i Zz‡j‡Q| bvixi cÖwZ GB Ab¨vq
AvPiY I êlg¨ bvix‡ì kvixwiK ev gvbwmK Kvi‡Y m„ó nqwb| Gi †cQ‡b i‡q‡Q mvgvwRK-ivR‰bwZK KZ„©Z¡ Z_v
ÿgZvi cÖfve| mf¨Zvi Dlv jMœ †_‡K ïiæ K‡i µg weeZ©‡bi avivq mgv‡R bvix cyiæ‡li gv‡S mvgvwRK AvPiY
wfbœZv cwijwÿZ nq| Avw`g mgv‡R bvix-cyiæ‡li m¤úK© wQj mgZv I mn‡hvwMZvi| mvgvwRK fv‡e cv_©‡Kï aviYv
wQj bv| bvix cyiæl Df‡qi KvRB wQj mgvb ¸iæ‡Z¡i, me KvRB †e‡uP _vKvi Rb¨ Acwinvh© GB aviYv wQj g~L¨|
wKš‘ mf¨Zvi µgweeZ©‡b cªhyw³, Ávb I ÿgZvi weKv‡k wcZ…Z‡š¿i avi‡Kiv A_v©r hviv bvixi Ici me©gq ÿgZv PP©v
I KZ©„Z¡ eRvq ivL‡Z Pvq Zviv bvix I cyiæ‡li m¤úK©Uv‡K bZzb iƒc`vb K‡i| µgvš^‡q bvix‡ì kªgkw³, mšÍvb
Drcv`b ÿgZv, †hŠbZv, MwZkxjZv Ges m¤úwË I Ab¨vb¨ A_©‰bwZK m¤ú‡ì Ici AwaKvi‡K wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z ïiæ
K‡i| ïaygvÎ M„n¯’vjxi Kv‡R bvix†K m¤ú„³ K‡i Zvi f~wgKv cvj‡bi †ÿÎI mxwgZ K‡i †d‡j Ges wcZ…Zvwš¿K
g~j¨‡eva weKvk jvf K‡i| GB g~j¨‡eva bvix I cyiæ‡li ga¨Kvi cÖvK…wZK cv_©K¨‡K êl‡g¨ iƒc †`q| mgv‡R
bvix‡ì `wg‡q ivLvi Rb¨ cÖPjb K‡i wKQy aviYv ev wek¦vm| bvix‡ì wb‡q cÖPwjZ GB wek¦vm hyM hyM a‡i mgv‡R PP©v
n‡q Avm‡Q| bvix cyiæl DfqB G¸‡jv wek¦vm Ges aviY K‡i P‡j‡Q-
mgv‡R bvix‡ì wb‡q cÖPwjZ wek¦vm
1) bvixi eyw× Kg
2) m„wóKZ©v bvix‡ì cyiæ‡li Aaxb K‡i cvwV‡q‡Q
3) bvix Am‡PZb
4) bvixi †bZ…Z¡ †èvi ÿgZv †bB
5) bvix `ye©j Ges mwVKfv‡e †Kvb KvR Ki‡Z Aÿg
6) cÖK…wZMZfv‡e bvix jvRyK, M„nB n‡”Q Zvi Avmj cwiPq
7) bvixi cÖavb KvR n‡”Q mšÍvb Rb¥`vb, jvjb- cvjb, ivbœv I M„n¯’vjxi KvR Kiv
8) bvix Lye Av‡eMcÖeY, Zviv `„pfv‡e †Kvb wm×všÍ wb‡Z cv‡i bv
9) bvixiv `vwqZ¡kxj bq
10) bvix ïay †fv‡Mi Rb¨, kvixwiK †mŠ›`h¨©B Zv‡ì GKgvÎ m¤ú`|
11) bvix Zvi ¯^vgxi cwiP‡q cwiwPZ n‡eb
30
12) bvix‡ì memgq Kg LvIqv DwPZ we‡kl K‡i Mf©eZx Ae¯’vq
13) bvix‡ì †ewk †jLv covi cÖ‡qvRb †bB, †ewk wkwÿZ n‡j ¯^vgxi K_v Agvb¨ Ki‡e
14) cyiæl Qvov bvix Am¤ú~Y©
15) bvix †jvfx I Qjbvgqx
16) bvix wnsmy‡U, ¯^v_©ci I m‡›`ncÖeY
17) bvix RwUj I KwVb welq eyS‡Z Aÿg
18) bvix Zij c`v‡_©i g‡Zv, †h cv‡ÎB Xvjv nq ZviB AvKvi aviY K‡i
GB mg¯Í nvRv‡iv wek¦vm I `„wófw½ bvix‡ì‡K wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ mgv‡R cÖPwjZ i‡q‡Q| Kv‡j Kv‡j GBme wek¦vm I
`„wófw½ bvbviƒc cwiMÖn K‡i‡Q| mvwn‡Z¨, Mv‡b, wk‡í I †KŠZzK, cÖev`-cÖeP‡b bvix‡K †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q cyiæ‡li
†P‡q `~e©j, Aejv, Aÿg Ges cyiæ‡li Aaxb wn‡m‡e| GB aviYv bvix cyiæ‡li g‡a¨ AmgZv ˆZwi K‡i‡Q| cÖK…wZ
†Q‡j I †g‡q wkï m„wó K‡i, mgvR KZ©„K êl‡gï wfwË‡Z bvix I cyiæ‡l cwiYZ K‡i| GBLvb †_‡KB Av‡m †RÛvi
I †m‡·i aviYv|
†m·:
wj½ ev †m· n‡”Q bvix -cyiæl Ges Ab¨vb¨ wj½xq cwiP‡qi gvby‡li êwkó¨ hv kvixwiK ev ˆ`wnK Ges ˆRweK
cv_K¨©‡K eywS‡q _v‡K| GUv cÖK…wZB m„wó K‡i _v‡K, Gi wfwË cÖvK…wZK| cwievi, mgvR, †`k †f‡` GB êwkó¨ me
RvqMv‡ZB GKB iKg, hv cwieZ©b Kiv hvq bv| GB ˆ`wnK ev kvixwiK êwkó¨ w`‡qB bvix cyiæl †Pbv hvq| kix‡ii
GB MV‡bi Rb¨ c„w_exi me RvqMvq †Q‡j n‡”Q †Q‡j Avi †g‡q n‡”Q †g‡q| GB ˆRweK ev kvixwiK MVb‡K †m·
e‡j|
†RÛvi:
†RÛvi n‡”Q mvgvwRKfv‡e bvix -cyiæl Ges Ab¨vb¨ wj½xq cwiP‡qi gvby‡li Dci Av‡ivwcZ GK ai‡bi êwkó¨,
AvPiY ev f~wgKv hv †m R‡b¥i ci cwievi I mgvR †_‡K cvq| GB êwkó¨¸‡jv mgvR ev gvbyl KZ©„K m„ó| bvix -
cyiæl Ges Ab¨vb¨ wj½xq cwiP‡qi gvby‡li g‡a¨ ˆ`wnK ev ˆRweK cv_©K¨ Qvov Ab¨ †h cv_©K¨ we`¨gvb †hgb, Kvco,
Pjb, ejb, wkÿv, AvPiY, `vwqZ¡, `„wófw½ meUvB mgvR ˆZix K‡i‡Q hv ¯’vb, Kvj, cvÎ †f‡` wfbœZv i‡q‡Q| GUv
Aek¨B cwieZ©b Kiv hvq| bvix I cyiæ‡li GB mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK cwiwPwZB n‡”Q †RÛvi| †hgb- GKRb bvixi
Rb¨ mšÍvb Rb¥`vb ev gv nIqvB Rxe‡bi †kªô jÿ¨ wn‡m‡e mgvR wbw`©ó K‡i †`q, wKš‘ GKRb cyiæ‡li †ejvq wcZv
nIqv bq eis GKRb Kg©V e¨w³ nIqvB mgv‡Ri Kv‡Q AvKvw•LZ| GB `„wófw½ GKRb bvix ev cyiæl‡K gvbyl K‡i
†Zvjvi cwie‡Z© µgk GKRb bvix ev cyiæl K‡i †Zv‡j| Gfv‡eB Avgiv cyiælmyjf ev bvix myjf AvPiY msÁvwqZ
Kwi|
†RÛvi I †m· Gi cv_©K¨

†m· †RÛvi
cÖvK…wZKfv‡e ˆZwi bvix Ges cyiæ‡li gv‡S ˆRweK, mgvR KZ©„K wba©viY bvix I cyyiy‡li †cvlvK, KvR,
kvixwiK wfbœ êwkó¨‡KB e‡j ‡m·| AvPiY BZ¨vwì wfbœZvB n‡”Q †RÛvi|
†m· AcwieZ©bxq Ges me©Rbxb| cwievi, mgvR, †`k †f‡` GKB iKg †RÛvi
cwieZ©bkxj| mgvR, †`k Ges hyM †f‡` GwU wfbœ wfbœ
iKgb nq|
GwU cÖvK…wZKfv‡e e‡j G‡K cÖvK…wZK wj½ ejv hvq| GwU mgvR KZ©„K m„ó e‡j G‡K mvgvwRK wj½ ejv
hvq|
c„w_exi me RvqMv‡ZB GUv GKB iKg A_©vr me©Rbxb mgvR ms¯‹…wZi wfbœZvi d‡j c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡k
†RÛvi f~wgKvi g‡aÏ wfbœZv cwijw¶Z nq|
31
mvgvwRKxKi‡Yi wbqg:
†RÛvi aviYv †Kvb mvaviY I GKK cÖwµqv bq| GwU GKwU mv‡_ RwUj hv g‡bvweÁvb Ges mvgvwRKxKi‡Yi mv‡_
RwoZ| mvgvwRKxKiY cÖwµqv 5wU av‡c m¤úbœ nq|
1| GKUv ev”Pv‡K mwVKfv‡e cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨ Zv‡K wewfbœ wel‡q fv‡jvfv‡e eySv‡Z n‡e| †QvU †ejvq
†Q‡j I †g‡qi g‡aï kvixwiK cv_©K¨B Zv‡ì wbR¯^ Abyaveb MV‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i| D`vniY wn‡m‡e ejv
hvq- ‡g‡q ev”Pv‡ì †QvU †ejvq mZK©Zvi mv‡_ †Kv‡j ivLv nq| wKš‘ †Q‡j‡ì †¶‡Î mvnmx K‡i †Zvjv
nq|
2| †QvU†ejv †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h †g‡q wkïiv cyyZyj wb‡q †Ljv K‡i †Q‡jiv ej wb‡q †L‡j GB me welq †_‡KB
Zviv †h Avjv`v †mUv ‡R‡b hvq|
†QvU †ejvq †g‡qiv nvwo cvwZj wb‡q bv †Lj‡jI Zviv †k‡L wKfv‡e ivbœv Ki‡Z nq| Avi †Q‡jiv H mgq
evwn‡ii KvR ev ¯‹z‡j hvq|
3| †gŠwLK gšÍe¨ ev fvlv †Q‡j I †g‡qi wbR¯^ cwiPq ˆZix‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i Ges GB me gšÍe¨B Zv‡ì‡K †Q‡j
I †g‡q n‡Z †kLvq| D`vniY wnmv‡e ejv hvq- †Q‡j‡ì Kvbœv gvbvq bv| †g‡q‡ì†K ejv nq Zviv †hb
Av‡¯Í nv‡m, K_v e‡j|
4| wkïiv wewfbœ Kg©KvÛ Zv‡ì ga¨Kvi †g‡qwj I cyiælvwj fve cÖKvk K‡i| A_©vr †Q‡j I †g‡qiv
Am‡PZbfv‡eB Zv‡ì †g‡q I †Q‡j nIqvi welqvw` cÖKvk K‡i|
†hgb †g‡q‡ì‡K N‡ii Kv‡R DrmvnxZ Kiv nq wKš‘ †Q‡j‡ì‡K evB‡i UvKv DcvR©b Kivi Rb¨ DrmvwnZ
Kiv nq|
5| †Q‡j I †g‡qiv †hgb Zv‡ì †Kvb Kg©Kv‡Ûi Rb¨ cyi¯‹…Z I wZi¯‹…Z nq †m¸‡jvB Zv‡ì‡K mgv‡R cÖPwjZ
aviYv¸‡jv AvZ¥¯’ Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| †hgb- fvj †g‡qiv gvivgvwi K‡i bv, fvj †Q‡jiv †ev‡bi i¶v K‡i
mvgvwRKxKiY cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g| bvix I cyiæ‡liv Zv‡ì AvPiY, f~wgKv I cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© Ges wbR¯^
e¨w³Z¡ m¤ú‡K© `„p aviYv M‡o †Zv‡j|
cvVDcKiY: 3
mgZv I mvg¨
m¤ú` e›U‡bi GKwU cÖwµqv n‡jv mvg¨, †h cÖwµqvi ga¨ w`‡q
wewfbœ †Mvôxi wewfbœ Pvwn`vi wfwË‡Z Zv‡ì my‡hvM myweav‡K
we‡ePbv Kiv nq| Gi A_© n‡jv GB †h,wcwQ‡q cov Rb‡Mvôx‡K
AwaK my‡hvM myweav ev m¤ú` Avni‡bi c_ cÖk¯Í Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z
K‡i Zv‡ì Dbœqb Z¡ivwš^Z nq Ges cÖ‡Z¨K †¶‡Î/me©¯Í‡i Zviv
mgvb AwaKvi †fvM Ki‡Z cv‡i| mgZvi AvKv•Lv c~i‡Yi Rb¨ GB
mvg¨wfwËK weZiY cÖwµqv bvix Ges myweav ewÂZ †Mvôxi Rb¨
AZ¨vek¨K| mvg¨ mgZvi c_ ARb©‡K cÖk¯Í K‡i|
mgZv n‡”Q GKwU j¶¨ ev gvb`Û Ges mvg¨ n‡”Q †mB j¶¨
AR©‡bi GKwU cÖwµqv| mgZvi bxwZ CEDAW
Convention Gi †K›`ªwe›`y| Z‡e mgZv kãwU hw` kvwãK
A‡_© †Kej eënvi Kiv nq Zvn‡j MZvbyMwZKfv‡e bvix †K
cyiæ‡li mgvb AwaKvi †c‡Z n‡e GB K_vwUi ewnt cÖKvk NU‡e|
GB avibvi DrcwËB n‡q‡Q GB mZ¨Zv †_‡K †h my‡hvM myweav,
PvKzix, cvwikªwgK, m¤ú` AvniY,¯^v¯’¨, wm×všÍ MÖnY BZ¨vw` †¶‡Î
bvix Pigfv‡e Amg AvPi‡Yi wkKvi n‡”Q Ges GB RvqMv †_‡K
DËi‡Yi iv¯Ív wnmv‡e †`Lv nq bvix‡K cyiæ‡li gZ AwaKvi †c‡Z
n‡e| mgm¨v GB Lv‡bB †h, hLb bvixi AwaKvi PP©v †K cwigvc
Kiv nq male standards ‡_‡K| bvix cyiæl i‡q‡Q wfbœZv
ev cv_©K¨ Ges Zv †Kvb fv‡e êl‡gï KviY n‡Z cv‡i bv|
32
mgZv hw` cÖK…Z A‡_© AR©b nq Zvn‡j Aek¨B †mLv‡b weivR Ki‡e:
- cÖ‡e‡ki mgZv ev Equility in Access
- my‡hv‡Mi mgZv ev Equility in Opportunity
- djvd‡j mgZv ev Equility in Result
bgybv ¯øvBW-1 Ô†RÛvi mgZvÕ I Ô†RÛvi mvg¨Õ
†RÛvi mgZv †RÛvi mvg¨

†RÛvi mgZv ej‡Z mKj wj½xq cwiP‡qi gvby‡li †h cÖwµqv AbymiY K‡i bvix-cyiæl mn mKj wj½xq
mgvb AwaKvi, mgvb `vq-`vwqZ¡ I mgvb my‡hvM cwiP‡qi gvby‡li mgvb gh©v`v wbwðZ Kiv hvq, †mB
_vKv‡K †evSvq| bvix-cyiæl mn wj½ êwP‡Îi mKj cÖwµqvi bvg †RÛvi mvg¨|
gvbyl, wkï Ges cwievi †RÛvi AmgZv Øviv ÿwZMÖ¯’ b¨vqcivqYZv wbwðZ Ki‡Z mKj bxwZ Ges
nq| gvb`Û¸‡jv‡K HwZnvwmK Ges mvgvwRKfv‡e wcwQ‡q
_vKv bvixi cwiw¯’wZ eyS‡Z n‡e Ges Zv‡ì GwM‡q
G‡b mgvb RvqMvq ùvo Kiv‡Z n‡e| †RÛvi mvg¨
†mB GwM‡q Avbvi c_ †`Lvq hv †RÛvi mgZv wbwðZ
Ki‡Z AZ¨vek¨Kxq|
33
Awa‡ekb -5
g~j Awa‡ekb : mgwš^Z Kg©ms¯‹…wZ ‰Zwi‡Z Kg©‡ÿ‡Î †RÛvi mgZv DbœxZKiY
Av‡jvPbv :  Kg©RMr
 †RÛviwfwËK mwnsmZv wPwýZKiY-msÁv, aiY (kvixwiK, gvbwmK, †hŠb, A_©‰bwZK), KviY I
cÖfve, e¨vwßKvj
D‡Ïk¨ : Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-
 †RÛviwfwËK mwnsmZv wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges Gi cÖK…wZ I aib I gva¨g e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 †RÛviwfwËK mwnsmZvi djvdj, cÖfve Ges ÿwZ Kx Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
 bvixi Rxe‡b †RÛviwfwËK mwnsmZvi e¨vwß ev RxebPµ eyS‡Z cvi‡eb
 cÖPwjZ mgvReë¯’vB †h †RÛviwfwËK mwnsmZvi Drcv`K Zv cwi®‹vi n‡eb |
mgq : 90 wgwbU
c×wZ : `jxqKvR, cÖ`k©b, AskMÖnYg~jK Av‡jvPbv, ‡eªBb ÷wg©s
DcKiY : gvmwKb †Uc, wd¬cPvU©, cvVDcKiY, Av‡jvPbvi ¯øvBW, gvK©vi, eªvDb †ccvi, fxc KvW©

Kg©RMr avc 1
 AskMÖnYKvix‡ì KvQ †_‡K Ô Kg©RMrÕ m¤ú‡K© aviYv Rvb‡Z Pvb Ges K‡qKR‡bi KvQ †_‡K ïbyb|
 ¯øvB‡Wi mvnv‡h¨ (mshy³ 5 bgybv ¯øvBW-1) AvšÍR©vwZK kÖgms¯’v (ILO)Õi Kg©‡ÿ‡Î mwnsmZv Ges nqivbx
we‡jvc mb` wm 190 (Eliminating Violence in the world of work: convention 190) Gi
Aby‡”Q` (3) Abyhvqx Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
†RÛviwfwËK avc-2
mwnsmZv  Awa‡ek‡b AskMÖn‡Yi Rb¨ mKj‡K abëv` w`b|
wPwýZKiY-
msÁv, aiY  AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 6wU `‡j fvM Kiæb Ges cÖwZwU `j †_‡K GKRb `jcÖavb wbe©vP‡bi Avnevb Rvbvb|
(kvixwiK,  ejyb, Avgiv GLb mK‡j wg‡j GKwU GKkb Wªvgv cwiPvjbv Ki‡ev| mK‡j hvi hvi `‡j †_‡K †ivj †cø
gvbwmK, †hŠb, Ki‡eb †hLv‡b GKRb bvix Ges GKRb cyiæl Mv‡g©›Um Kg©xi Rxe‡bi GKwU w`‡bi AwfÁZvmg~n D‡V
A_©‰bwZK), Avm‡e|
KviY I cÖfve,  wb‡`©kbv w`b †h, cÖ_gfv‡M wZbwU `‡ji g‡a¨ 1g `jwU KvR Ki‡e bvix kÖwg‡Ki evwoi AwfÁZv wb‡q,
e¨vwßKvj
2q `jwU bvix kÖwg‡Ki Kv‡R hvIqv-Avmvi mgqKvi AwfÁZv wb‡q Ges 3q `jwU Ki‡e bvix kÖwg‡Ki
KviLvbvi AwfÁZv wb‡q| GKBfv‡e wØZxqfv‡M Aci wZbwU `‡ji g‡a¨ 1g `jwU KvR Ki‡e cyiæl
kÖwg‡Ki evwoi AwfÁZv wb‡q, 2q `jwU cyiæl kÖwg‡Ki Kv‡R hvIqv-Avmvi mgqKvi AwfÁZv wb‡q Ges
3q `jwU Ki‡e cyiæl kÖwg‡Ki KviLvbvi AwfÁZv wb‡q|
 cÖwZwU `j †_‡K wbe©vwPZ `jcÖavb‡ì Avnevb Rvbvb Ges Abyhvqx wZb‡U `‡ji KvR eywS‡q w`b|
wb‡`©kbv w`b †h cÖwZwU `‡ji cÖavb Zv‡ì `‡j wM‡q cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡eb| `jxq cÖ¯‘wZi Rb¨ 05 wgwbU mgq
eivÏ Kiæb|
 wba©vwiZ mg‡q cÖ¯‘wZ †k‡l cÖwZwU `j‡K 05wgwbU K‡i mgq w`b Zv‡ì †ivj †cø cwi‡ek‡bi Rb¨|
`yBav‡c cy‡iv cÖwµqvwU m¤úbœ n‡j abëv` Rvwb‡q mKj‡K wbR RvqMvq em‡Z Aby‡iva Kiæb|
 cÖ_g wZbwU `‡ji Abyf~wZ ïbyb, †ivj †cø-†Z D‡V Avmv bvixi AwfÁZv ïbyb, evwoi-Kg©‡ÿ‡Î hvIqv-
Avmvi c‡_-KviLvbvi wfZ‡ii AwfÁZvi g‡a¨ †Kvb¸‡jv AegvbbvKi, A¯^w¯’Ki Ges gh©v`vnvbxKi Zv
Rvb‡Z Pvb| GB AvPiY¸‡jv Kvi weiæ‡× Ki‡Z cviv hvq, †Kb cviv hvq, hvi mv‡_ Kiv n‡jv Zv‡K †Kb
†g‡b wb‡Z nq-‡mB cÖkœ¸‡jv Kiæb| AwfÁZvmg~‡ni g‡a¨ D‡V Avmv wbh©vZbMy‡jv Kx ai‡bi wQj †m¸‡jv
wd¬cPv‡U©/‡ev‡W© wjLyb|
 cy‡iv Av‡jvPbv‡K GKwÎZ K‡i ejyb, bvixi cÖwZ mvgvwRK `„wófw½B GB wbh©vZb Ki‡Z Ges wUwK‡q
34
ivL‡Z we‡kl f~wgKv cvjb K‡i
 GKBfv‡e Aci wZbwU `‡ji Abyf~wZ ïbyb, †ivj †cø-†Z D‡V Avmv cyiæl Kg©xi AwfÁZv ïbyb, evwoi-
Kg©‡ÿ‡Î hvIqv-Avmvi c‡_-KviLvbvi wfZ‡ii AwfÁZvi g‡a¨ †Kvb¸‡jv AegvbbvKi, A¯^w¯’Ki Ges
gh©v`vnvbxKi Zv Rvb‡Z Pvb| GB AvPiY¸‡jv Kvi weiæ‡× Ki‡Z cviv hvq, †Kb cviv hvq, hvi mv‡_ Kiv
n‡jv Zv‡K †Kb †g‡b wb‡Z nq-‡mB cÖkœ¸‡jv Kiæb| AwfÁZvmg~‡ni g‡a¨ D‡V Avmv wbh©vZbMy‡jv Kx
ai‡bi wQj †m¸‡jv wd¬cPv‡U©/‡ev‡W© wjLyb|
 ejyb, jÿYxq welq n‡jv ˆ`bw›`b RxebvPv‡ii g‡a¨B †RÛviwfwËK mwnsmZv msNwUZ nq †h¸‡jv mgvR
KZ©„K ¯^vfvweK e‡j a‡i †bqv nq, GgbwK AvBb ØvivI GB me¸‡jv wbh©vZb‡K wbh©vZb wn‡m‡e wPwýZ
Kiv nqwb| G‡ÿ‡Î bvix-cyiæl- Ab¨vb¨ wj½xq Rb‡Mvwôi †h †KDB †hgb mwnsmZvi wkKvi n‡Z cv‡ib
Ges ‡Zgwb mwnsmZvKvixi f~wgKvq _vK‡Z cv‡ib|
 mnvq‡Ki Rb¨ cvV DcKiY (mshyw³ 5 cvVDcKiY 1) Abymv‡i †RÛviwfwËK mwnsmZv e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
 ejyb, Gevi Avgiv Rvb‡ev †RÛviwfwËK mwnsmZvi Rb¨ `vqx KviYMy‡jv Kx Kx, †RÛviwfwËK mwnsmZvi
Rb¨ aiY Ges djvdjmg~n|
 c~‡e© ˆZwi Kiv GKwU Mv‡Qi Aeqe wfc‡ev‡W© †mu‡U w`b| (mshyw³ 5 bgybv wPÎ-1) ‡eªBb÷wg©s c×wZ‡Z
Rvb‡Z Pvb, †RÛviwfwËK mwnsmZvi Rb¨ `vqx g~j KviYmg~n Kx Kx? AskMÖnYKvix‡ì KvQ †_‡K Avmv
DËimg~n Mv‡Qi wkK‡oi As‡k wjLyb|
 GKBfv‡e †RÛviwfwËK mwnsmZvi aiYmg~n (cÖ_‡g †gvUv `v‡M Ges c‡i †f‡½ †f‡½) wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i
†m¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡ì KvQ †_‡K Rvb‡Z Pvb Ges DËimg~n Mv‡Qi Kv‡Ûi `yBcv‡k wjLyb|(
AwfÁZv Ges c~‡e©i GKkb Wªvgvi Av‡jv‡K)
 cybivq, †RÛviwfwËK mwnsmZvi djvdjmg~n ev mvifvBfviiv Kx ai‡bi ÿwZi m¤§ywLb nb †m¸‡jv
AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z Pvb Ges GKBfv‡e DËimg~n Mv‡Qi cvZvi As‡k wjLyb|
 mKj‡K †cv÷viwU c‡o †kvbvb, bZzb †Kv‡bv ms‡hvRb _vK‡j Zv D‡jøL Kiæb| †cv÷vi a‡i Ges mshyw³
5 cvVDcKiY 2 Abyhvqx wRwewf wUª ¯øvB‡W Dc¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g e¨vL¨v Kiæb |
 ejyb, †RÛviwfwËK mwnsmZv cÖwZ‡iva I cÖwZKv‡i wb‡R‡ì KwgDwbwU‡Z Avgiv †Kv‡bv Kvh©µg ev
D‡`¨vM MÖnY Ki‡Z PvB‡j GB cÖwµqv (The GBV Tree) eënv‡ii gva¨‡g Avgiv †hgb KwgDwbwUi
GKwU wPÎ †c‡Z cvwi, †Zgwb RvZxq ch©v‡q †Kv‡bv cwiKíbv MÖn‡Yi †ÿ‡ÎI GB cÖwµqvwU Avgv‡ì
†RÛviwfwËK mwnsmZvi cwiw¯’wZ ch©v‡jvPbvq mvnvh¨ Ki‡e|
 G ch©v‡q mshyw³ 5 cvVDcKiY 3 Abyhvqx †RÛviwfwËK mwnsmZvi RxebPµ wel‡q Dc¯’vcbv ¯øvB‡Wi
gva¨‡g Dc¯’vcb Kiæb| ejyb, bvixi Rxe‡b mwnsmZv/ wbh©vZ‡bi mgqKvj ev e¨vßx nj- Rb¥ †_‡K cÖexb
eqm ch©šÍ | A_©vr mwnsmZv/ wbh©vZ‡bi avivevwnKZv nj-R‡b¥i c~‡e© - R‡b¥i ciciB - ˆkke Kv‡j -
wK‡kvixKv‡j - cÖRbb ev †hŠeb Kvj - e„× ev cÖexY eq‡m|
 KviI †Kvb cÖkœ _vK‡j Zvi Reve w`b Ges mevB‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q cieZ©x Av‡jvPbvq cÖ‡ek Kiæb|
 Awa‡ekb cÖwµqvwU Ges mshy³ cvVDcKiY fvj K‡i co–b|
 cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY Ges cvVDcKiY c~‡e©B ¸wQ‡q ivLyb|
 Av‡jvPbvq Av‡iv wKQz †hvM Ki‡Z PvB‡j wewfbœ mswkøó AvwU©‡Kj c‡o †`L‡Z cv‡ib ev ¸Mj Gi mvnvh¨ wb‡Z
cv‡ib|
 GKkb Wªvgv cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î AskMÖnYKvixMY wb‡`©kbv AbymiY Ki‡Q wKbv Zv ch©‡eÿY Kiæb|
 AskMÖnYKvixMY ¯^‡ZvtùzZ©fv‡e ‡ivj †cø †Z Ask MÖnY Ki‡Qb wKbv Zv ch©‡eÿY Kiyb|
 GKkb Wªvgv msMwVZKvjwb mg‡q †Kv‡bv ai‡bi n¯Í‡ÿc †_‡K weiZ _vKzb|
 mg‡qi cÖwZ †Lqvj ivLyb|
 GKkb Wªvgv cwiPvjbvKvjxb mg‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq †bvU ivLyb|
35
mshyw³: 5
bgybv wPÎ: wRwewf wUª (†RÛvi wfwËK mwnsmZvi KviY, aiY I djvdj)
36
bgybv ¯øvBW-1 ÔKg©RMrÕ
Kg©RMr
 Kg©‡ÿÎ; miKvwi I †emiKvwi mKj ¯’vb AšÍf©~³, hKb Zv Kv‡Ri ‡Kv‡bv ¯’vb nq|
 ‡mme ¯’vb, †hLv‡b GKRb kÖwgK‡K †eZb cwi‡kva Kiv nq, A_ev †hLv‡b †m wekÖvg weiwZ ev Lvevi MÖnY
K‡i A_ev †kŠP, cÖÿvjb I †cvkvK cwieZ©‡bi myweavw` eënvi K‡i
 KvR- msµvšÍ †h †Kv‡bv hvÎv, ågY, cÖwkÿY, Abyôvb A_ev mvgvwRK Kvh©µg
 KvR msµvšÍ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨g, Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i mvnv‡h¨ †hvMv‡hvMI Gi AšÍf©~³
 gvwjK KZ©„K cÖ`Ë †Kv‡bv Avevmb ¯’vb
 Kg©‡ÿ‡Î hvIqv Ges Avmvi mgq
37
cvVDcKiY 1 : ‡RÛviwfwËK mwnsmZv
bvixi Ges cyiæ‡li Zv‡ì ˆjw½K cwiP‡q R‡b¥i Kvi‡Y kvixwiK, gvbwmK,
A_©‰bwZK Ges †hŠb mwnsmZvi wkKvi n‡Z nq hv n‡Z cv‡i Zvi Kg©‡ÿ‡Î, Gender-Based Violence (GBV)
cwiev‡i ev iv‡óªi wewfbœ ch©v‡q| mgv‡R bvixi Aat¯’b Ae¯’v ev Ae`g‡bi g‡a¨ occurs as a cause and
consequence of gender
_vKv †RÛviwfwËK mwnsmZv‡K Z¡ivwYZ K‡i|
inequities. It includes a range
AvšÍR©vwZK kÖgms¯’v (ILO)Õi Kg©‡ÿ‡Î mwnsmZv Ges nqivwb we‡jvc mb` wm of violent acts mainly
190 (Eliminating Violence in the world of work: convention committed by males against
190) Gi Aby‡”Q` (1.we) Abyhvqx, †RÛviwfwËK mwnsmZv A_© n‡jv, †Kv‡bv females, within the context of
women and girls subordinate
e¨w³i mvgvwRK I wj½xq cwiP‡qi Kvi‡Y Zvi mv‡_ Amg AvPiY Kiv, †hLv‡b
status in society, and often
†hŠb nqivwbI AšÍf©y³ i‡q‡Q| A_©¨vr †RÛviwfwËK mwnsmZv n‡”Q Ggb †Kvb serves to retain this unequal
wbh©vZb, mwnsmZv, Am`vPiYmn mKj ai‡bi ÿwZKi Kv‡Ri GKwU mw¤§wjZ balance
iƒc hvi d‡j †Kvb bvix bvix n‡q I cyiæl cyiæl n‡q Ges Ab¨vb¨ wj½xq (Human Rights Watch, 1996).
cwiP‡qi gvby‡liv Zv‡ì wj½xq cwiP‡q Rb¥ MÖn‡Yi Kvi‡Y kvixwiK, †hŠb,
gvbwmKfv‡e ¶wZMª¯Í nq hv n‡Z cv‡i cwievi, ‡Mvôx, Kg©‡ÿÎ I ivóªxq ch©v‡q |
cvV DcKiY -2 wRwewf wUª

wRwewf wUª n‡jv Ggb GKwU Uzjm †hUv w`‡q Avgiv †RÛviwfwËK mwnsmZvi/wbh©vZ‡bi cÖK…wZ‡K we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvwi|
cy‡iv MvQwU †RÛvi wfwËK mwnsmZvi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i|
wkKo: GwU †RÛvi wfwËK mwnsmZvi g~j KviY wb‡`©k K‡i| †RÛvi wfwËK mwnsmZvi Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g Acivaxiv
we‡klvwaKvi, ¶gZv Ges Ab¨‡ì Dci wbqš¿Y eRvq ivL‡Z Pvq| g~j KviY m¤ú‡K© Rvbv Avgv‡ì Rb¨
¸iæZ¡c~Y© hv‡Z Avgiv GwU cwieZ©b Ki‡Z KvR Ki‡Z cvwi| bvix I cyiæ‡li mgvb AwaKvi wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨
Avgv‡ì KvR Ki‡Z n‡e| Gi gv‡b nj †h †KvbI †RÛvi wfwËK mwnsmZv ivM, Cl©v ev Ab¨vb¨ Kvi‡Yi Kvi‡Y
N‡U bv, GwU mgv‡R bvixi †P‡q cyiæ‡li †ewk ¶gZvi Kvi‡Y N‡U| GwU cwieZ©b Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i ZvB GwU
Av‡jvPbv Kiv ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| †RÛvi wfwËK mwnsmZvi g~j KviY¸‡jv n‡Z cv‡i-
- bvixi Aat¯Íb mvgvwRK Ae¯’vb;
- Amg ¶gZvi eënvi Ges bvix‡K wbqš¿Y;
- agx©q Abykvmb I Kzms¯‹vi;
- m¤ú‡` bvixi cÖ‡ekvwaKvi bv _vK
AvenvIqv/ ZvcgvÎv: †RÛvi wfwËK mwnsmZvi Rb¨ Ab¨vb¨ Ae`vbKvix KviY| g~j KviY QvovI wKQy
Dcv`vbmg~n i‡q‡Q †h¸‡jv †RÛvi wfwËK mwnsmZvi Rb¨ cÖfveK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i A_©¨vr mwnsmZv /wbh©vZ‡bi
m¤¢vebv cÖKU K‡i, ‡hgb, Amg †RÛvi f’wgKv, AvPiY wbqš¿Y, `vwi`ªZv, wbiÿiZv, f½yi cvwievwiK mnvqZv
eë¯’v, wePvinxbZvi ms¯‹„wZ, ch©vß cwi‡lev ev AvB‡bi my‡hvM‡_‡K ewÂZ, Ab¨vqfv‡e AwaKvi j•Nb‡K cÖkÖq
†`qv, mvifvBfv‡ii cÖwZ wgwWqvi †bwZevPK f’wgKv BZ¨vw`|
kvLv: †RÛvi wfwËK mwnsmZvi aiY‡K e¨vL¨v K‡i| †RÛvi wfwËK mwnsmZv‡K †gvUv`v‡M 04wU fv‡M e¨vL¨v
Ki‡Z cvwi:
- kvixwiK mwnsmZv/ wbh©vZb
- gb¯ÍvwZ¡K mwnsmZv/ wbh©vZb
- †hŠb mwnsmZv/ wbh©vZb
- A_©‰bwZK mwnsmZv/ wbh©vZb
cvZv: G¸‡jv †RÛvi wfwËK mwnsmZvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cwiYwZ ev djvdj| Z‡e cÖ‡Z¨K bvixi mwnsmZvi
AwfÁZvi Dci wfwË K‡i djvd‡ji cÖK…wZ cwieZ©xZ nq| wKQy cwiYwZ nj AvNvZ, nviv‡bv Kv‡Ri w`b,
gvbwmK hš¿Yv, welbœZv, g„Zy¨, mvgvwRK wew”QbœZv, wkï‡ì Rb¨ gvbwmK ev AvPiYMZ mgm¨v, AevwÃZ
Mf©aviY, cwi‡levi Rb¨ LiP BZ¨vw`| cyiæl ev Acivax‡ìI cwiYwZ Av‡Q| Zviv wew”QbœZv Abyfe Ki‡Z
cv‡i, cwiev‡ii mv‡_ Nwbô m¤ú‡K©i Afve Ges AvBwb cwiYwZ n‡Z cv‡i| djvdj¸wj mvivRxeb ¯’vqx n‡Z
38
cv‡i Ges GwU bvix‡ì ¯^v¯’¨, mvgvwRK Rxeb Ges fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ ÿwZKi| GB djvdj wkï‡ìI cÖfvweZ
K‡i|
†RÛviwfwËK mwnsmZvi cÖK…wZ I aiY:

†RÛvi wfwËK mwnsmZv bvbv AvKv‡i NU‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e, g~jZt 4wU mvavib fv‡M wef³ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i-
kvixwiK mwnsmZv
kvixwiKfv‡e RLg ev ÿwZMÖ¯Í Kivi Rb¨ Avµgb Kiv †hgb- gviai Kiv,Mjv wU‡c aiv, Po-_vào gviv, k^vm
†iva Kiv, A¯¿ w`‡q AvNvZ Kiv, RLg Kiv BZ¨vw`|
†h†Kvb kvixwiK wbh©vZb (gviai, Kvgo, cywo‡q †`qv, Po †`qv, c½y K‡i †`qv, nZ¨v Kiv)
gvbe cvPvi, `vmZ¡, wkï nZ¨v, m¤§vb iÿv‡_© nZ¨v
‡Kv‡bv e¯‘i mv‡_ AvNvZ ‡`qv, Qu¨vKv †`qv
bvbv Ahynv‡Z kix‡ii wewfbœ A½ ¯úk© Kiv, kix‡ii wewfbœ ¯úk©KvZi ¯’v‡b nvZ †`qv|
kix‡ii w`‡K ZvK K‡i wewfbœ e¯‘ wb‡ÿc Kiv|
GwmW wb‡ÿc Kiv
A_©‰bwZK mwnsmZv
†hŠb mwnsmZv
‰elg¨ Kiv/ Kv‡Ri ¯^xK…wZ, †mev MÖn‡Y my‡hvM-myweav,
‡Rvic~e©K we‡q, kvixwiK m¤úK© ˆZwi‡Z eva¨ Kiv
m¤úwËi AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ Kiv
ejc~e©K cwZZve„wË
†Rvic~e©K KvR †_‡K Ae¨nwZ wb‡Z eva¨ Kiv|
‡hŠb bxwcob/ †hŠb cxo‡bi fxwZ cÖ`k©b
c~Y© cvwikÖwgK bv †`qv|
‰eevwnK al©Y
cvIbv m¤ú~Y© cwi‡kva bv Kiv|
Kg©‡ÿ‡Î cyiæl mn‡hvMx I DaŸ©Zb Kg©KZ©v KZ©„K
gvZ…Z¡Kvjxb fvZv cy‡ivcywi bv cvIqv|
kix‡ii wewfbœ A‡½i w`‡K ZvwK‡q _vKv Ges
bvix I wkï‡ì wkÿv †_‡K ewÂZ Kiv Dw³ Kiv|
Avw_©K Ave`vb A¯^xKvi Kiv KvD‡K wb‡Ri Rxe‡bi †hŠbvjvc †kvbv‡bv|
Lv`¨ I †gŠwjK Pvwn`v c~iY bv Kiv KvD‡K jÿ¨ K‡i †hŠb msµvšÍ Mvb Kiv, †hŠb
fiY‡cvlY bv †`qv Bw½‡Z c~Y© K_v ejv|
‡eZ‡bi UvKv †Rvic~e©K wb‡q †bqv ‡hŠbeëmv‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨ cvPvi
¯^v¯’¨ †mev I Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM wbqš¿Y Kiv AhvwPZ ¯úk©
‡ckv wbqš¿Y Kiv wkïi cÖwZ †hŠb wbwcob
wb‡Ri m¤úwËi Dci wbqš¿Y eRvq ivL‡Z bv †`qv ‡hŠb gšÍe¨; †mw· gvj ejv
AwaKvi ÿzbœ Kivi Rb¨ A_©‰bwZK Dcvq eënvi Kiv, iv¯ÍvNv‡U, MYcwien‡b †hŠb nqivwb
†Kvb wbqg bxwZgvjv Abymib bv K‡i mvgvwRK I mvifvBfvi Gi Ag‡Z Zv‡K †Rvoc~e©K †hŠb
A_©‰bwZKfv‡e †Kvb mvifvBfvi‡K ÿwZMÖ¯’ Kiv| UvKvi wbcxob Kiv, Mv‡q nvZ †`qv, †cvkvK, kixi wb‡q
Rb¨ Lvivc KvR Ki‡Z eva¨ Kiv, wkï kÖ‡g wb‡qvwRZ Kiv, gšÍe¨ Kiv, †Rvoc~e©K kvixwiK m¤úK© ¯’vcb, †hŠb
Ac`¯’ Kiv, AwR©Z Avq eënv‡i n¯Í‡ÿc, UvKv AvU‡K Bw½Zc~Y© kvixwiK A½fw½ Kiv, al©b,AevwÂZ
ivLv, cÖkœ Kiv‡h, †m Zvi UvKv w`‡q Kx Ki‡e?, Zv‡K †hŠb ¯úk© ev AcgvbRbK †hŠb Kvh©Kjv‡c eva¨
m¤ú` †fvM Ki‡Z bv †`qv wPwKrmv-mnvqZv-m¤úwËi Kiv, ej cÖ‡qv‡Mi ûgwK †`wL‡q Zvi Dci wbqš¿Y
AwaKvi ev gvwjKvbv w`‡Z A¯^xK…wZ BZ¨vw`| †bqv| D‡jøL¨, hLb GKwU †hŠb wbwco‡bi NUbv
N‡U ZLb Ab¨vb¨ ai‡bi Aceënvi / wbh©vZ‡bi
NUbv¸‡jvI N‡U|
39
gvbwmK mwnsmZv
KzrwmZ fvlvq Mvwj †`qv (ÔKzËvi ev”Pv,ïq‡ii ev”Pv, gv`vi‡Pv`, evBb‡Pv`, LvbwKi ev”Pv, bwUi
ev”Pv|Õ)
evev-gv Zz‡j Mvwj †`qv|
bvbv Acev` Qov‡bv|
wei³ Kiv, Mvjg›` Kiv
Akøxj Qwe †`Lv‡bv|
Akøxj/ †hŠb Bw½Zc~Y© ‡cÖgcÎ ev GmGgGm †`qv|
ev_iæ‡gi ‡`qv‡j Akøxj K_v †jLv|
PvKwi nviv‡bvi ûgwK |
`~i †_‡K ZvwK‡q †_‡K A¯^w¯’ †eva Kiv‡bv|
†hŠb my‡hvM jv‡f cÖZ¨vL¨vZ n‡q bvbvfv‡e ûgwK †`qv|
iv‡Z GKv evwo †divi c‡_ BfwUwRs, wQbZvB, cywj‡ki nqivwbi fq
Mf©eZx bvix‡ì Dci †Q‡j mšÍv‡bi Rb¨ Pvc
Kb¨v mšÍvb Rš§ †èvi Kvi‡Y wbh©vZb
Lvivc AvPiY Kiv
‰elg¨ Kiv GQvovI...
mgvb myhvM jv‡f evav
gh©v`vniY  cÖ‡qvRbxq Lv`¨ cÖ`vb bv Kiv
 Abvh¨fv‡e ZvjvK †`qv
N‡ii ‡fZi Ave× K‡i ivLv ev PjvP‡j evav †`qv
 mšÍvb †K‡o †bqv
wjw½q êlg¨ †`wL‡q mgvRwew”Qbœ K‡i ivLv
 ¯^vgxi ‡hŠb Pvwn`v c~iY bv Ki‡j kixwiK I
mgv‡jvPbv Kiv gvbwmK wbh©vZb
j¾vq †djv, DZ¨³KiY  Rš§ wbqš¿Y eë¯’v wb‡Z eva¨ Kiv A_ev
Zvjv‡Ki fq †`Lv‡bv eënviKi‡Z bv †`qv
 eûweevn
wg_¨v Acev` †`qv
 wk¶v, wPwKrmvi †¶‡Î mgvb my‡hvM †_‡K ewÂZ
fiY‡cvlY bv †`qv Kiv
wewfbœ ai‡bi evaëvaKZv Av‡ivc Kiv  †hŠZzK `vex Kiv
†hŠZz‡Ki Kvi‡Y gvbwmK, kvixwiK I ‡hŠb wbh©vZb  AvZ¥nZ¨vq cÖ‡ivPbv ev eva¨ Kiv
AkvwšÍ/Aw¯’iZv  cÖZviYvg~jK we‡q
AvZ¥nZ¨vq cÖ‡ivPbv †`qv/eva¨ Kiv  cwiZ¨vM
gvbwmK wbh©vZb
cÖwZ‡kva ev cÖwZwnsmvi ûgwK
gvbwmKfv‡e mvifvBfvi‡K ÿwZMÖ¯Í Kiv ev g‡bv:Kó †`qv, †hgb- MvjvMvwj Kiv, †LvUv †`qv ev
KUvÿ Kiv, Ae‡njv ev Acgvb Kiv, fq †`Lv‡bv, Pjv‡div ev †gjv‡gkvq evaëvaKZv cÖ‡qvM
Kiv, cwievi-eÜz †_‡K wew”Qbœ Kiv, cÖwZwnsmvi ekteZ©x AvPiY Kiv, mvifvBfvi‡K GKRb
Abyf’wZkxj gvbyl wn‡m‡e wePvi bv K‡i gvwjKvbvaxb e¯‘ wn‡m‡e †`Lv|
40
Kg©‡ÿ‡Î †RÛvi wfwËK mwnsmZvi djvdj
Kg©xiv ‡hŠb nqivwbI Kg©xiv PvKzwi Kv‡R fzj nq,

Kg©xiv kvixwiK I nviv‡bvi fqvenZv Kv‡Ri ÿq- †hŠb nqivwb I wbh©vZ‡bi
nqivbxi wkKvi n‡j
gvbwmKfv‡e `~e©j wPšÍv K‡i, mvivÿY ÿwZ NU‡Z wkKvi bvix A‡bKmgqB
†Kv‡bv cÖwZev` Ki‡Z
n‡Z _v‡K AvZs‡K _v‡K _v‡K wb‡Ri AvZ¥m¤§vb wemR©b
cv‡ib bv, KvD‡K
ej‡ZI cv‡ibv wKsev w`‡q wb‡Ri I cwiev‡ii
ejvi mvnm cvqbv Rxebavi‡bi wPšÍv K‡i
kvixwiK, gvbwmK,
A_©‰bwZK, †hŠb mwnsmZv
GB Ae¯’v Pj‡Z _vK‡j ax‡i ax‡i ÿwZMÖ¯’ Kg©xwU Zvi AvZ¥wek^vm nviv‡e, Kg©¯’j AviI Ams‡e`bkxj I nqivwb mn¨ K‡i
n‡q DV‡e Ges KviLvbv Z_v †`‡ki eëmv‡qi ÿwZi cwigvY evo‡e|
cvV DcKiY -3
bvix Zvi Rxe‡bi wewfbœ mg‡q G cuvPwU mwnsmZv/ wbh©vZ‡bi m¤§yLxb nq| wb‡¤œ †RÛvi wfwËK mwnsmZvi GKwU QK
†`qv njt
R‡b¥i c~‡e© †g‡q wkïi åƒY nZ¨v, Mf©Kv‡j gviai, Mf©avi‡Y eva¨ Kiv|
R‡b¥i ciciB beRvZK †g‡q wkï nZ¨v, gvbwmK I kvixwiK cxob I `ye©ënvi, beRvZK †g‡q wkïi cÖwZ
Ae‡njv, beRvZK †g‡qwkï‡K Lv`¨ I wPwKrmv cÖ`v‡b êlg¨|
ˆkke Kv‡j evj¨weevn, cwiev‡ii ev Avkcv‡ki †jvKR‡bi Øviv †hŠb wbcxob; Lv`¨ I wk¶vmn bvbv †¶‡Î
êlg¨ cÖ`k©b, †g‡q wkï‡ì w`‡q cwZZve„wË, †g‡qwkï cvPvi|
wK‡kvixKv‡j wK‡kvixKv‡j we‡q ev †cÖ‡gi bv‡g cÖZviYv K‡i kvixwiK m¤úK© ¯’vcb I Mf©cv‡Z eva¨ Kiv,
†cÖwg‡Ki cÖwZwnsmvi wkKvi nIqv, A‡_©i wewbg‡q †Rvic~e©K †hŠb K‡g© wjß Kiv‡bv, Kg©¯’‡j †hŠb
wbcxob, al©Y, †hŠb nqivwb, c‡_-Nv‡U bvbvfv‡e DZ¨³ Kiv, †hŠb K‡g© wjß n‡Z eva¨ Kiv|
cÖRbb Kv‡j Nwbô cyiæl m½x Øviv wbcxob ev `ye©ënvi, weevwnZ Rxe‡b ¯^vgx KZ©„K al©Y, †hŠZz‡Ki Rb¨
wbh©vZb I nZ¨v, ¯^vgx ev Nwbô gvbyl KZ…©K Lyb, gvbwmK wbh©vZb, Kg©¯’‡j †hŠb wbcxob, †hŠb
nqivwb I al©Y; cÖwZeÜx †g‡q‡ì wbh©vZb|
e„× ev cÖexY eq‡m weavev‡ì Dci wbcxob, AviI e„× eq‡m wbcxob G‡Z K‡i cyiæ‡li †P‡q bvix †ewk ¶wZMÖ¯Í
nq|
41
Awa‡ekb -6
g~j Awa‡ekb : w`b ch©v‡jvPbv

Av‡jvPbv :  w`‡bi cÖavb cÖavb Av‡jvwPZ welq¸‡jv g‡b Ki‡Z cviv
 mviv w`‡bi wkLb ¯§iY Ki‡eb
 Abyf~wZ ej‡eb
mgq : 30 wgwbU
c×wZ : eÜz †K wPwV †jLv
DcKiY : A4 iwOb KvMR Gi Aa©vsk,Kjg, Szwo

w`b  ejyb, AvR Avgiv AwaKvi, gvbevwaKvi, gvbevwaKv‡ii êwkó¨, gvbevwaKvi iÿvq iv‡óªi `vqe×Zv
ch©v‡jvPbv BZ¨vw` welqmg~n wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ| AvR‡Ki Awa‡ek‡bi †kl ch©v‡q mvivw`‡bi Av‡jvwPZ
wel‡qi g‡a¨ †h¸‡jv Avgiv me‡P‡q fvj ey‡SwQ †m¸‡jv g‡b Kivi †Póv Kie| Avi GB g‡b Kivi
KvRUv Avgiv Kie GKUz wfbœ cÖwµqvq|
 Gici ejyb, mvivw`‡bi Av‡jvPbv †Kgb †j‡M‡Q †m Abyf~wZ¸‡jv wb‡Ri †Kv‡bv eÜz‡K Rvwb‡q
Avgiv cÖ‡Z¨‡K GKwU K‡i wPwV wjLe|
 Zvici cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvixi Rb¨ A4 iwOb KvMR Gi Aa©vskI Kjg mieivn Kiæb Ges wPwV
†jLvi Rb¨ mgq wba©viY K‡i w`b 05 wgwbU|
 mK‡ji wPwV †jLv †kl n‡j c~e© †_‡K ivLv GKwU Szwo‡Z wPwV¸‡jv ivL‡Z ejyb| 2/3 Rb
AskMÖnYKvixi KvQ †_‡K wPwV wjL‡Z †Kgb †j‡M‡Q Zv †R‡b wbb |
 GLb AskMÖnYKvix‡ì GK GK K‡i Avnevb Kiæb Szwo †_‡K †h †Kvb GKwU wPwV Zz‡j covi Rb¨|
 me wPwV cov †kl n‡j Avcwb mvivw`b m¤ú‡K© wb‡Ri Abyf~wZ e¨³ Kiæb Ges wPwV †jLvi Rb¨
cÖ‡Z¨K‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q w`‡bi Av‡jvPbv †kl Kiæb|
 w`‡bi cybiv‡jvPbv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KviY Gi gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvixMY †Kvb welqwU fvjfv‡e eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Q ev
†Kvb welqwU eyS‡Z cv‡iwb Zv Rvbv hvq Ges cieZ©x w`b †m Abyhvqx eë¯’v †bqv m¤¢e nq|
 mKj AskMÖnYKvix cÖwkÿY Kÿ †_‡K P‡j bv hvIqv ch©šÍ A‡cÿv Kiæb
42
w`b-2
43
Awa‡ekb -7
g~j Awa‡ekb : w`b D‡Øvabx I wd‡i †`Lv

Av‡jvPbv :  AvbyôvwbKZv
 MZw`‡bi cybiv‡jvPbv
 Avb›``vqK cwi‡ek ˆZwi Ki‡eb
 MZ w`‡bi wkLb ¯§iY Ki‡eb|
mgq : 30 wgwbU
c×wZ :
e³…Zv, Mvb, wdm ‡evj
DcKiY : K¨v‡mU †cøqvi, ej
Av‡jvP¨ cÖwµqv
welq
w`b  AvR‡Ki Awa‡ek‡b mevB‡K ¯^vMZ Rvbvb |
D‡Øvabx I
wd‡i †`Lv  mevB‡K †Mvj n‡q `vov‡Z ejyb| ejyb, Avgv‡ì GB mKvjUv Avgiv GKwU Mvb w`‡q ïiæ Kie|
AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡QB wR‡Ám Kiæb Zviv †Kvb MvbUv mevB wg‡j MvB‡Z Pvq| mevB wg‡j Mvb
MvB‡Z Drmvn w`b|
 Mvb †kl n‡j mevB‡K †Mvj n‡q em‡Z ejyb| cÖkœ Kiæb, ÒAvgiv wK †QvU‡ejvq evwjk †Ljv
†L‡jwQ ? Gevi evwjk †Ljvi g‡Zv K‡iB Avgiv ej †Lje| Avwg GKwU Mvb evRv‡ev Ges hZÿY
Mvb evR‡e ejUv mevB G‡K Ab¨‡K w`b| Mvb eÜ n‡j hvi nv‡Z ej _vK‡e Zv‡K cÖ‡kœi DËi
w`‡q †Mvj †_‡K †ei n‡q †h‡Z n‡e| Ó
 †gvevB‡j/ mvDÛ e‡· c~e© wba©vwiZ Mvb 30 †m‡K‡Ûi Rb¨ evRvb| Mvb eÜ n‡j hvi nv‡Z ej
_v‡K‡e Zv‡K MZKv‡ji Av‡jvPbv †_‡K GKwU cÖkœ Kiæb| cÖkœ¸‡jv c~‡e©B wba©vib K‡i wbb|
GBfv‡e wba©vwiZ cÖkœ †kl bv nIqv ch©šÍ †LjvUv Pvwj‡q hvb|
 mKj cÖkœ †kl n‡j †Ljv †kl Kiæb Ges mevB‡K wbR hvqMvq em‡Z e‡j wiwfD Awa‡ekb mgvß
Kiæb|
 cybiv‡jvPbvi Rb¨ DwjøwLZ c×wZ eënvi Ki‡ZB n‡e Zv bq, Ab¨ †Kvb c×wZ eënvi Kiv †h‡Z
cv‡i|
 Awa‡ekbwU my›ìfv‡e cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨ hv hv cÖ‡qvRb Zv Av‡M †_‡KB ¸wQ‡q wb‡R‡K cÖ¯‘Z ivLyb|
 Av‡jvP¨ welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© c~e© †_‡K fv‡jv K‡i cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡q ivLyb
44
Awa‡ekb -8
g~j Awa‡ekb : †KvbwU Ô nqivwb Õ, †KvbwU Ônqivwb bqÕ
Av‡jvPbv :  †KvbwU Ô nqivwb Õ, †KvbwU Ônqivwb bqÕ

 ‡hŠb nqivwbi msÁv, aiY (kvixwiK, gvbwmK, †hŠb, A_©‰bwZK), KviY I cÖfve

 Kg©‡ÿ‡Î †KvbwU nqivwb, †KvbwU nqivwb bqÕ †m m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
 †hŠb nqivwb wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges Gi cÖK…wZ I aib e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
 Kg©‡ÿ‡Î †hŠb nqivwbi kvw¯Í Ges †hŠb nqivwb I wbwcob †iv‡a nvB‡Kv‡U©i w`K wb‡`©kbv 2009
m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z I cwi®‹vi n‡Z cvi‡eb|
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wb‡`©kbv) Kvh©Kix K‡i Zzj‡Z f~wgKv ivL‡eb
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Ônqivwb bqÕ, ÔwbwðZ bBÕ m¤^wjZ KvW©, eªvDb †ccvi

ÔnqivwbÕ, Ônqivwb avc-1
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 wb‡`©kbv †h, mK‡ji D‡Ï‡k¨ GKwU K‡i evK¨ ejv n‡e| evK¨wU Lye gb‡hvM w`‡q kyb‡Z I eyS‡Z n‡e|
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AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Ae¯’vb †bqv ch©šÍ| Rvb‡Z Pvb Zv‡ì GB Ae¯’vb †bqvi hyw³mg~n|
 ZK©-weZ‡K©i Rb¨ abëv` w`b| ejyb, gšÍe¨¸‡jvi wecix‡Z nqivwb-wbh©vZb mywbw`©ó K‡i ej‡Z bv cviv
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Zvic‡iI welqwU nqivwbi ch©v‡q co‡e|
 ejyb, nqivwb I †hŠb nqivwbi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q hv Avgv‡ì Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb|
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45
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msÁv, aiY  ejyb, Gevi Avgiv GKwU wfwWI †`L‡ev Ges †`Lv †k‡l Av‡jvPbvq hv‡ev|
(kvixwiK,
 mKj‡K wfwWI wK¬cwU (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RS6h3IxMMK4&t=12s)
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A_©‰bwZK), g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i †`Lvi Rb¨ Aby‡iva Kiæb| mK‡ji †`Lv n‡q †M‡j Abyf~wZ Rvb‡Z Pvb|
KviY I cÖfve  ejyb, MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii msweav‡b D‡jøwLZ gvbweK gh©v`vi bxwZ, 2009 mv‡ji nvB‡KvU©
wefv‡Mi Kg©‡¶Î I wk¶vcÖwZôv‡b ‡hŠb nqivwb cÖwZ‡iva welqK wb‡`©kbv, evsjv‡`‡ki ‡dŠR`vwi
AvBb, evsjv‡`k c¶fy³ n‡q‡Q Ggb AvšÍR©vwZK mb`mg~nmn Ab¨vb¨ AvšÍR©vwZK AvB‡b Kg©‡¶‡Î
‡hŠb-wbcxob wbimb I cÖwZ‡iv‡a Kvh©Kix eë¯’v MÖn‡Yi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q|
 ejyb, Avgiv GLb Ô‡hŠb nqivwb I wbwcob ‡iv‡a nvB‡Kv‡U©i w`K wb‡`©kbv 2009Õ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡ev|
mshyw³ 8 cvVDcKiY 1 Gi Av‡jv‡K ¯øvB‡Wi gva¨‡g Ô‡hŠb nqivwb I wbwcob ‡iv‡a nvB‡Kv‡U©i w`K
wb‡`©kbv 2009Õ e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
 Av‡jvPbvq Av‡iv wKQz †hvM Ki‡Z PvB‡j wewfbœ mswkøó AvwU©‡Kj c‡o †`L‡Z cv‡ib ev ¸Mj Gi mvnvh¨ wb‡Z
cv‡ib|
http://www.manusherjonno.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Study-Report-on-Sexual-
Harassment-Update-24-09-19_printed-version.pdf
https://actionaid.org/sites/default/files/publications/ActionAid%20briefing%20paper%20
on%20Bangladesh%20garment%20workers%20FINAL.pdf
46
mshyw³: 8
bgybv KvW©
 GKRb g¨v‡bRvi Zvi GK bvix Kg©x‡K ej‡jv, †m †h †cvkvKwU c‡o Av‡Q Zvi ÷vBj Ges is-G Zv‡K Lye fv‡jv
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 GKRb g¨v‡bRvi Zvi GK bvix Kg©x‡K iv‡Zi Lvev‡ii Rb¨ evB‡i Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡jv|
 g¨v‡bRvi Zvi GK bvix Kg©xi Kuv‡a nvZ †i‡L Kg©xwUi AvKvw•LZ cÖ‡gvk‡bi Rb¨ ï‡f”Qv Rvbv‡jv|
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†g‡qwUi evwo cvi n‡q †h‡Z nq Ges G‡Z K‡i †g‡qwUi hvZvqvZ LiPI evuP‡e|
 g¨v‡bRviwU Zvi GK bvix Kg©x‡K wcÖ‡Ým e‡j m‡¤^vab K‡i|
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 cÖvwZôvwbK Ges †ckvMZ ÿgZv‡K eënvi K‡i Kv‡iv mv‡_ †hŠb m¤úK© ¯’vc‡bi †Póv Kiv;
 ‡hŠb nqivwb ev wbwcobg~jK Dw³/fw½;
 †hŠb my‡hvM jv‡fi Rb¨ A‰ea Av‡e`b;
 c‡Y©vMÖvdx †`Lv‡bv;
 Akvjxb f½x/fvlv/gšÍ‡eï gva¨‡g DZ¨³ Kiv;
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 AvcwËKi wPwV, B‡gBj, GmGgGm, Qwe cvVv‡bv, KvU©yb ˆZwi, ‡Uwj‡dvb ev †gvevBj †dv‡b †hŠb Av‡e`b ev KU‚w³
Kiv, †eÂ-†Pqvi-†Uwej, †cv÷vi, I †`qvj wjLb, †bvwUk †evW©, KviLvbv, †kÖYxKÿ, †kŠPvMv‡i †hŠb Bw½Zc~Y© ev
AcgvbRbK †Kvb wKQz †jLv;
 eø¨vK‡gBj/nUKvwiZv A_ev PwiÎ nb‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ w¯’i A_ev Pjgvb wPÎ/ wfwWI wPÎ aviY Kiv;
 ‡hŠb nqivwbi Kvi‡Y †Ljva~jv, mvs¯‹…wZK, cÖvwZôvwbK Ges wkÿvÿZ Kvh©µ‡g AskMÖnY †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Z eva¨ nIqv;
 ‡cÖg wb‡e`b K‡i cÖZ¨vL¨vZ n‡q Pvc cÖ‡qvM ev ûgKx †`qv;
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47
cvVDcKiY: 1 †hŠb nqivwb
†hŠb nqivwb wK?:
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nqivwbiƒ‡c MY¨ nq| A_©¨vr, †hme KvR AbvKvswLZ ev AcÖZ¨vwkZ †hŠb AvPiYi Rb¨ Kiv n‡q _v‡K, †hgb: †hŠb
Bw½Z, Pvc cÖ‡qvM ev Kv‡ivi cÖwZ evaëvaKZv Av‡ivc, ‡hŠb D‡Ïk¨ cÖ‡Yvw`Z/ †hŠb Bw½Zc~Y© †h †Kvb cÖZ¨ÿ ev
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weeªZ‡eva K‡i--Zv meB †hŠb nqivwb/†hŠb wbcxob| †hŠb nqivwb kvixwiK, gvbwmK, †gŠwLK, A‡gŠwLK ev Ab¨
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BZi fvevcbœ, Kg©‡¶‡Î †hŠb Bw½Zc~Y© †cvóvi, K¨v‡jÛvi ev g¨vMvwRb ivLv, †Kvb we‡kl A‡½ wKQz wb‡¶c
Kiv, wPgwU KvUv, †Rvic~e©K Pz¤^b, AbvKvw•LZfv‡e nvZ ¯úk© Kiv, AbygwZ Qvov Nvo/ Kvua gvwjk Kiv,
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Kiv BZ¨vw`|
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kvixwiK mgm¨v mg~nt gvbwmK mgm¨v mg~nt Kg©‡ÿ‡Îi Rb¨ mgm¨v mg~nt
48
 weZ…òv‡eva  wb‡Ri cÖwZ kª×v K‡g hvIqv  f~³‡fvMx Kv‡Ri cÖwZ
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 ¯’vb Z¨vM Kiv g‡b nIqv  fy³‡fvMx cÖwZôvb‡K N„Yv K‡i
 ‰RweK Pvwn`v K‡g hvIqv/  Av‡µvk †eva Kiv  cyiæl ev gwnjv fy³‡fvMx‡K
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 gv`‡Ki Dci wbf©ikxjZv cv‡i
`Ûwewa AvBb, 1860-Gi 294, 354 Ges 509

evsjv‡`k `Ûwewa 1860 Gi 294, avivq †hŠb nqivwbi kvw¯Í m¤ú‡K© wewfbœ †gqv‡ì
354 Ges 509 aviv, Kviv`Û wKsev A_©`Û wKsev Dfq cÖKvi `‡Ûi K_v
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nqivwb XvKv †g‡U«vcwjUb cywjk Aa¨v‡`‡ki 75 Ges 76
bvix I wkï wbh©vZb `gb AvBb 2000 avivq †hŠb nqivwb ev DË¨³Zvi †ÿ‡Î kvw¯Íi wel‡q
(ms‡kvwaZ 2003) Gi 9(K) Ges 10 kvw¯Í‡hvM¨ wewfbœ †gqv‡ì Kviv`Û wKsev A_©`Û wKsev Dfq
aviv G †hŠb nqivwbi kvw¯Í m¤ú‡K©
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bvix I wkï wbh©vZb `gb AvBb, 2000-Gi 9
D‡jøL Av‡Q|
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cÖwZ †KD weiƒc AvPiY Ki‡j kvw¯Íg~jK Av‡Q|
bvix I wkï wbh©vZb `gb AvBb 2000-Gi 10 avivq
eë¯’v †bqvi my‡hvM Av‡Q|
al©‡bi kvw¯Í wn‡m‡e hve¾xeb mkÖg Kviv`Û Ges Gi
AwZwi³ A_©`‡Ûi K_v ejv Av‡Q|
9 (2) G al©Y cieZ©x bvix ev wkïi g„Zz¨ NU‡j ‡`vlx
e¨w³ hve¾xeb mkÖg Kviv`‡Û `wÛZ n‡eb Ges Gi
AwZwi³ Ab~¨b 1 jvL UvKv A_©`‡Û `Ûbxq n‡eb|
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†hŠb nqivwbg~jK mKj cÖKvi NUbv‡K cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z GKwU Kvh©Kix eë¯’v MÖnY Ges
cÖwZôv‡bi wb‡qvMKZ©v Ges mswkøó `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ e¨w³MY cÖ‡qvR‡b Zvi cÖwZôv‡b msNwUZ †hŠb wbh©vZ‡bi
weiæ‡× †`‡ki cÖPwjZ AvBb Abyhvqx gvgjv `v‡qi Kivi Rb¨ h_vh_ Kvh©Kix eë¯’v MÖnY Kiv|
Kg©‡ÿ‡Î †hŠb nqivwb wK? evsjv‡`k nvB‡KvU© cÖ`Ë GKwU MvBWjvBb|

Ggb †Kvb AvPiY ev eënvi hv bvix kÖwg‡Ki kvjxbZv‡K bvixi wbivcËvg~jK Rxeb hvc‡bi Rb¨ wKQz w`K-wb‡`©kbv,
nvwb K‡i| Gi cÖfv‡e fxwZKi Kg©cwi‡ek ˆZwi nq| hv Kg©‡ÿÎ I wkÿv cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e|
49
miKvix I †emiKvix wkÿv cÖwZôv‡b Ges Kg©‡ÿ‡Î GB bxwZgvjv AbymiY Kiv eva¨Zvg~jK
†hme AvPiY †hŠb nqivbxi AvIZvq c‡o
 mivmwi kvixwiK ¯úk© ev Bw½‡Zi gva¨‡g AbvKvw•LZ †hŠb Av‡e`bg~jK AvPiY ‡hgb; kvixwiK ¯úk© ev G
ai‡Yi cÖ‡Póv;
 cÖvwZôvwbK Ges †ckvMZ ÿgZv‡K eënvi K‡i Kv‡iv mv‡_ †hŠb m¤úK© ¯’vc‡bi †Póv Kiv;
 †hŠb nqivbx ev wbwcobg~jK Dw³/fw½;
 †hŠb my‡hvM jv‡fi Rb¨ A‰ea Av‡e`b;
 c‡Y©vMÖvdx †`Lv‡bv;
 Akvjxb f½x/fvlv/gšÍ‡eï gva¨‡g DË¨³ Kiv;
 †hŠb D‡Ïk¨ c~i‡Y †hŠb Bw½Zg~jK fvlv eënvi I fw½ cÖ`k©‡Yi gva¨‡g DZ¨³, VvÆv ev Dcnvm Kiv;
 AvcwËKi wPwV, B‡gBj, GmGgGm, Qwe cvVv‡bv, KvU©yb ˆZwi, ‡Uwj‡dvb ev †gvevBj †dv‡b †hŠb Av‡e`b ev
KU‚w³ Kiv, †eÂ †Pqvi-†Uwej, †cv÷vi, I †`qvj wjLb, †bvwUk †evW©, KviLvbv, †kÖYxKÿ, †kŠPvMv‡i †hŠb
Bw½Zc~Y© ev AcgvbRbK †Kvb wKQz †jLv;
 eø¨vK‡gBj/nUKvwiZv A_ev PwiÎ nb‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ w¯’i A_ev Pjgvb wPÎ/ wfwWI wPÎ aviY Kiv;
 †hŠb nqivbxi Kvi‡Y †Ljva~jv, mvs¯‹…wZK, cÖvwZôvwbK Ges wkÿvÿZ Kvh©µ‡g AskMÖnY †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Z
eva¨ nIqv;
 ‡cÖg wb‡e`b K‡i cÖZ¨vL¨vZ n‡q Pvc cÖ‡qvM ev ûgKx †`qv;
 fq/ fxwZ cÖ`vb/ wg_¨v Avk¦vm/ cÖ‡jvfb A_ev cÖZviYvi gva¨‡g †hŠb m¤úK© ¯’vc‡bi †Póv;
Awf‡hvM Ges wb®úwË
K) cÖwZ‡iva KwgwU
‡hŠb nqivwb cÖwZ‡iva
 2009 mv‡ji nvB‡KvU© wefv‡Mi Av‡`k I wb‡`©kbv Abyhvqx Ô†hŠb KwgwUi KvR
nqivwb cÖwZ‡iva KwgwUÕ bv‡g GKwU Af¨šÍixY KwgwU MVb Kiv n‡e|
cÖwZ‡iva KwgwUi †hŠb nqivwb ev †hŠb mwnsmZvi Awf‡hvM MÖnY, Z`šÍ
cwiPvjbv Ges Dchy³ KZ©„c‡ÿi wbKU mycvwik cÖ`v‡bi ÿgZv _vK‡e| Awf‡hvM MÖnY Kiv
 Kgc‡ÿ cuvP m`m¨ wb‡q †hŠb nqivwb cÖwZ‡iva KwgwU MVb Kiv n‡e|
hvi †ewkifvM m`m¨ n‡eb bvix| m¤¢e n‡j KwgwUi cÖavbI n‡eb bvix|
Z`šÍ Kiv
AwaKš‘, †hŠb nqivwb cÖwZ‡iva KwgwUi b~¨bZg 2 (`yB) Rb m`m¨
cÖwZôv‡bi evB‡ii †_‡K ‡bIqv n‡e| G‡ÿ‡Î †hme cÖwZôvb †RÛvi ev
wj½ mgZv Ges †hŠb nqivwb I wbh©vZb wel‡q KvR K‡i Zuv‡ì
mycvwik ˆZwi Kiv
AMÖvwaKvi _vK‡e|
 †hŠb nqivwb cÖwZ‡iva KwgwUi KvR mg~n ÑÑ

 †hŠb nqivwb ev †hŠb mwnsmZvi Awf‡hvM MÖnY, Z`šÍ cwiPvjbv wbqwgZ mfv Kiv
Ges Dchy³ KZ©„c‡ÿi wbKU mycvwik cÖ`vb Ki‡e|
 nvB‡KvU© wefv‡Mi †hŠb nqivwb cÖwZ‡iva welqK Av‡`k I wb‡`©kbv
Ges GB bxwZgvjv ev¯Íevqb msµvšÍ evrmwiK cÖwZ‡e`b KviLvbv evrmwiK wi‡cvU© ˆZwi I mswkøó
KZ©„c‡ÿi wbKU †ck Ki‡e| `ß‡i Rgv †Ìqv
 KviLvbv cÖKvk¨ I `„k¨gvb ¯’v‡b cÖwZ‡iva KwgwUi m`m¨‡ì bvg I
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi wVKvbv †cvóvi ev e¨vbv‡ii gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki‡e|
L) Awf‡hvM `v‡qi
†hŠb nqivwbi wkKvi †h †Kv‡bv e¨w³ †h KviI weiæ‡× wb¤œ wjwLZfv‡e Awf‡hvM cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb-
50
 msÿzä e¨w³ †hŠb nqivwb cÖwZ‡iva KwgwUi Kv‡Q wjwLZ ev †gŠwLK fv‡e †hŠb nqivwbi Awf‡hvM `v‡qi Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb| GQvovI KviLvbvq msiwÿZ Awf‡hvM ev‡·I wjwLZfv‡e Awf‡hvM cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 Awf‡hv‡Mi NUbvwU me©‡kl †hw`b msNwUZ n‡q‡Q †mw`b †_‡K 30 Kvh©wè‡mi g‡a¨ Awf‡hvM `v‡qi Ki‡Z
n‡e| Awf‡hvMKvixi Aby‡ivaµ‡g G mgqmxgv cÖwZ‡iva KwgwU Zuv‡ì ¯^-we‡ePbvq evov‡Z cv‡i|
 cÖ‡qvRb n‡j, †hŠb nqivwb cÖwZ‡iva KwgwU msÿzä e¨w³‡K Awf‡hvM wjLvi †ÿ‡Î hyw³m½Z mnvqZv cÖ`vb
Ki‡Z cvi‡e| D`vniY¯îƒc, cÖwZ‡iva KwgwUi †Kv‡bv m`m¨ Awf‡hvMKvixi c‡ÿ Zuvi Awf‡hvMwU wj‡L w`‡Z
cvi‡eb|
 Awf‡hvMKvix ev fz³‡fvMx wb‡R A_ev Zuvi †Kv‡bv mnKg©x, mycvifvBRvi, ev ‡h Kv‡ivi gva¨‡g Awf‡hvM
`v‡qi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 Awf‡hvMKvix cÖ‡qvR‡ev‡a c„_Kfv‡e cÖwZ‡iva KwgwUi †Kv‡bv bvix m`‡mï Kv‡QI Awf‡hvM Rvbv‡Z cv‡ib|
M) Awf‡hv‡Mi Z`šÍ
†hŠb nqivwb cÖwZ‡iva KwgwUi Kv‡Q Awf‡hvM `v‡q‡ii ci Z`šÍ cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î wb‡¤œv³ welq¸‡jv AbymiY Ki‡Z
n‡e:
 Z`‡šÍi mKj ch©v‡q †hŠb nqivwb cÖwZ‡iva KwgwU m¤ú~Y© †MvcbxqZv iÿv Ki‡e| Aciva cÖgvwYZ bv nIqv
ch©šÍ Awf‡hvMKvix I Awfhy³ e¨w³i cwiPq cÖKvk Kiv hv‡ebv|
 KviLvbv KZ…©K Awf‡hvMKvix Ges Awfhy³ e¨w³i wbivcËv wbwðZ Kiv n‡e|
 †hŠb nqivwb cÖwZ‡iva KwgwUi Dfq cÿ‡K Ges mvÿx‡ì †bvwUk †cÖiY, ïbvbx MÖnY, Z_¨-cÖgvY msMÖn Ges
mswkøó †h †Kvb `wjj cixÿv ev ch©v‡jvPbvi ÿgZv _vK‡e| KwgwUi mv‡_ cÿmg~‡ni hveZxq †hvMv‡hvM
`vßwiK †iK‡W©i Rb¨ msiÿY Kiv n‡e| Z`‡šÍi ¯^v‡_© †gŠwLK mvÿ¨cÖgvY QvovI cvwicvwk©K mvÿ¨cÖgvY,
AwWI, Ges B‡j±ªwbK mvÿ¨cÖgvYmn Ab¨vb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq welq we‡ePbv Kiv n‡e|
 KwgwUi Aby‡ivaµ‡g KviLvbv KZ©„cÿ †hŠb nqivwb cÖwZ‡iva KwgwU‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq mnvqZv cÖ`vb Ki‡eb †hb
Kvh©Kifv‡e Z`šÍ m¤úbœ Kiv hvq|
 mvÿ¨MÖnY iæ×Øvi K‡ÿ m¤úbœ Ki‡Z n‡e|
 Awf‡hv‡Mi Dfq cÿ Ges Ab¨vb¨ mvÿx‡ì mvÿ¨MÖn‡Yi mgq D‡Ïk¨g~jKfv‡e †Kv‡bv ai‡bi bxP,
AcgvbRbK, nqivwbg~jK I AcÖvmw½K cÖkœ ev AvPiY Kiv hv‡e bv|
 Z`šÍ cÖwµqvq Awf‡hvMKvix Ges Awfhy³ Dfq c‡ÿi mnvqZvKvix ev cÖwZwbwai mvnvh¨ MÖn‡Yi AwaKvi
_vK‡e|
 †hŠb nqivwb cÖwZ‡iva KwgwUi msL¨vMwiô m`‡mï gZvg‡Zi wfwË‡Z ch©‡eÿY, wm×všÍ Ges mycvwik MÖnY Kiv
n‡e|
 †h‡ÿ‡Î mswkøó †hŠb nqivwbi Awf‡hvMwU †`‡ki †dŠR`vix AvB‡bi Aaxb †Kv‡bv Aciva e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e
†m‡ÿ‡Î cÖwZ‡iva KwgwU Awf‡hvMKvixi civgk©µ‡g Awf‡hvMwU cywj‡ki Kv‡Q †cÖiY Ki‡e| Awf‡hvMKvix
PvB‡j, cywjwk Z`‡šÍi cvkvcvwk KwgwUi Z`šÍI Pj‡Z cvi‡e| cywjwk Z`šÍ PjvKvjxb cÖwZ‡iva KwgwUi Z`šÍ
¯’wMZ ev evwZj Kiv n‡e wK bv Zv D™¢‚Z cwiw¯’wZi Dci wbf©i Ki‡e|
N) Z`‡šÍi mgvwß
 †hŠb nqivwb cÖwZ‡iva KwgwU 30 (wÎk) w`‡bi g‡a¨ Zv‡ì mycvwikmn Z`šÍ cÖwZ‡e`b Dchy³ KZ…©c‡ÿi 1
wbKU Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e| hyw³m½Z I cÖ‡qvRbxq we‡ewPZ n‡j G mgqmxgv m‡e©v”P 60 (lvU) w`‡b DbœxZ Kiv
hv‡e|
 Awf‡hvMKvix Ges Awfhy³ e¨w³‡K Z`šÍ cÖwZ‡e`‡bi Kwc †`qv n‡e|
 Z`šÍ †k‡l †hŠb nqivwb cÖwZ‡iva KwgwU Awfhy³ e¨w³i weiæ‡× Awf‡hvM cÖgvwYZ nqwb g‡g© wm×v‡šÍ †cuŠQv‡j
mswkøó KZ©„c‡ÿi wbKU Zuvi weiæ‡× †Kvb eë¯’v MÖn‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb †bB e‡j mycvwik Ki‡e|
 D‡Ïk¨cÖ‡Yvw`Zfv‡e wg_¨v ev we‡ØlcÖm~Z Awf‡hvM `v‡qi n‡q‡Q e‡j g‡b n‡j, cÖwZ‡iva KwgwU mswkøó
KZ…©c‡ÿi Kv‡Q Awf‡hvMKvixi weiæ‡× h_vh_ eë¯’v MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ mycvwik Ki‡e|
1
KZ…©cÿ ej‡Z GK ev GKvwaK e¨w³ mgš^‡q MwVZ †Kv‡bv KZ…©cÿ‡K eySv‡e hv‡ì AvPiYwewa Abyhvqx †Kv‡bv Kg©KZ©v/Kg©Pvixi
Am`vPi‡Yi weiæ‡× eë¯’v MÖn‡Yi ÿgZv i‡q‡Q| D`vniY ¯îƒc, KviLvbvi eë¯’vcbv/cÖkvmb mswkøó Kg©KZ©v ev Kg©Pvixi c`gh©v`v Abyhvqx
Òmswkøó KZ…©cÿÓ wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡e|
51
O) kvw¯Í I k„•Ljvg~jK eë¯’v
 †hŠb nqivwb cÖwZ‡iva KwgwU Awfhy‡³i weiæ‡× †hŠb nqivwbi Awf‡hvM cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q g‡g© wm×všÍ MÖnY
Ki‡j, cÖ‡hvR¨ k„•Ljvwewa Abyhvqx 60 (lvU) w`‡bi g‡a¨ Dchy³ kvw¯Í ev k„•Ljvg~jK eë¯’v MÖn‡Yi Rb¨
mswkøó KZ©„cÿ‡K mycvwik Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
 cÖPwjZ k„•Ljvwewai weavb mv‡c‡ÿ, †hŠb nqivwb cÖwZ‡iva KwgwU wb¤œ-ewY©Z GK ev GKvwaK kvw¯Íi mycvwik
Ki‡Z cvi‡e:-
 †gŠwLK mZK©xKiY/wZi¯‹vi ev fr©mbv;
 wjwLZ mZK©xKiY/wZi¯‹vi ev fr©mbv;
 wKQz mg‡qi Rb¨ evrmwiK †eZb e„w× Ges c‡`vbœwZ ¯’wMZ Kiv;
 Awfhy³ e¨w³i †eZb, fvZv ev Avq n‡Z Awf‡hvMKvixi Rb¨ hyw³m½Z ÿwZc~i‡Yi Av‡`k †`qv;
 c`vebwZ;
 eva¨Zvg~jK Aemi;
 Ae¨vnwZ;
 †h‡ÿ‡Î Awf‡hvMwU †dŠR`vix Aciva wn‡m‡e MY¨ nq †m‡ÿ‡Î Zv Dchy³ Av`vjZ ev UªvBey¨bv‡j †cÖiY
Kiv;
 cwiw¯’wZi we‡ePbvq Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Dchy³ kvw¯Í;
52
Awa‡ekb -9
g~j Awa‡ekb : mvgvwRK msjvc Ges †kvfb Kg© cwi‡e‡ki ¸iæZ¡ Ges djvdj
Av‡jvPbv :  †kvfb Kg©cwi‡ek Kx?

 †kvfb Kg©cwi‡e‡ki bxwZgvjv
 mvgvwRK msjvc, †RÛvi mgZv Ges †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj Kg©cwi‡ek
 †kvfb Kg©cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
 †kvfb Kg©cwi‡ek Kx bxwZgvjv, ¸iæZ¡ Ges djvdj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 †UKmB Dbœqb j¶¨gvÎv (SDGs) 8 ( Kg©ms¯’vb I A_©bxwZÑ mevi Rb¨ `xN©‡gqv`x, AšÍf©yw³g~jK
A_©‰bwZK cÖe…w×, c~Y©v½ I Drcv`bkxj I Dchy³ Kv‡Ri myweav wbwðZ Kiv) Gi Av‡jv‡K †kvfb
Kg©cwi‡ek e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
 †RÛvi mgZvi mv‡_ †kvfb Kg©cwi‡e‡ki m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
 ‡kvfb Kg©cwi‡e‡k †RÛvi mgZv Avbvq‡b mvgvwRK msjvc Gi Kvh©KvwiZv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡eb|
 mvgvwRK msjv‡ci welqmg~n wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges cÖwµqv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡eb|
mgq : 180 wgwbU
c×wZ : `jxqKvR, cÖ`k©b, AskMÖnYg~jK Av‡jvPbv
DcKiY : gvmwKb †Uc, wd¬cPvU©, cvVDcKiY, Av‡jvPbvi ¯øvBW, cvVDcKiY, gvK©vi, eªvDb †ccvi

‡kvfb avc 1
Kg©cwi‡ek  AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 04wU †QvU `‡j fvM K‡i K‡ÿi Pvi KY©v‡i em‡Z Aby‡iva Kiæb| `‡j cÖ‡qvRbxq
†cv÷vi-gvK©vi mieivn Kiæb|
 wb‡`©kbv w`b †h, `‡j wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ Av‡jvPbv ¯^v‡c‡ÿ cÖ‡kœi Av‡jv‡K †cv÷vi ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ_g
`yBwU `j KvR Ki‡eb ÔAvwg hw` mycvifvBRvi nZvg Zvn‡j myôz eë¯’vcbvi ¯^v‡_© Kx Kx KiZvg?Õ - GB
welqwU wb‡q Ges evwK `yBwU `j KvR Ki‡eb ÔAvwg hw` eë¯’vcK nZvg Zvn‡j kÖwgK‡ì mv‡_ Ges Rb¨ Kx
‡kvfb Kx KiZvg?Õ - GB welqwU wb‡q (mshyw³ 8 bgybv wPÎ K)| ¯§iY Kwi‡q w`b †h, `j¸‡jv Zv‡ì wba©vwiZ
Kg©cwi‡e‡ki f’wgKv †_‡K wb‡Ri Kg©¯’j †K †Kgb ‡`L‡Z Pvb ev AvPiYMZ/`„wófw½MZ RvqMv †_‡K †Kgb f’wgKv
bxwZgvjv ivL‡eb wKsev kÖwgKmn mKj Kg©x‡ì Rb¨ Kxai‡bi Kg©cwi‡ek †`L‡Z Pvb Zv wjL‡Z n‡e| GB KvRwU
m¤úbœ& Ki‡Z 20 wgwbU mgq eivÏ Kiæb|
 wba©vwiZ mgq †k‡l ‡QvU `j †_‡K eo `‡j em‡Z Ges cvi¯úwiK Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g GKwU †cv÷vi ˆZwi
Ki‡Z ejyb| GB KvRwU m¤úbœ& Ki‡Z AviI 10 wgwbU mgq eivÏ Kiæb|
 `jxq KvRwU m¤úbœ n‡q †M‡j AvMÖ‡ni wfwË‡Z Dfq `j‡KB G‡K G‡K Zv‡ì wjwLZ ‡cv÷vi Dc¯’vc‡bi
Rb¨ Aby‡iva Kiæb| GKwU `j Dc¯’vcbvi mgq Ab¨ `‡ji m`m¨MY ïb‡jb wKbv Ges eyS‡jb wKbv GKgZ
‡kvfb
n‡jb wKbv Zv cÖkœ‡Ëv‡ii gva¨‡g wbwðZ †nvb|
Kg©cwi‡e‡ki
Z_¨ Avm‡Z cv‡i wb¤œiƒc-
¸iæZ¡ I
ÔAvwg hw` mycvifvBRvi nZvg..Õ (mshyw³ 8 bgybv wPÎ L)
djvdj
- Ac‡iUi-‡njcvimn mKj kÖwgK‡ì g‡bi K_v gb‡hvM w`‡q ïbZvg
- ‡hvM¨Zv I `ÿZvi wfwË‡Z c`‡bœvwZi mycvwik KiZvg
- bvix-cyiæl kÖwg‡Ki mgvb Uv‡M©U Ges gRywi êlg¨ `~i Kivi mycvwik KiZvg
- kÖwgK‡ì Mvwj-MvjvR KiZvg bv, Ab¨‡ìI Lvivc K_v ev eënv‡i evav w`Zvg
- kÖwgK‡ì cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv QzwUi eë¯’v KiZvg
- Mf©eZx bvix kÖwgK‡ì Rb¨ nvjKv Kv‡Ri eë¯’v KiZvg
53
- kÖwgK‡ì IfviUvBg KvUZvg bv
- AwZwi³ †cÖvWvK&k‡bi Rb¨ kÖwgK‡ì Dci Pvc cÖ‡qvM ‡_‡K weiZ _vKZvg
- ‡d¬v‡i †hŠb nqivwb e‡Ü Kvh©Kix eë¯’v MÖnY KiZvg
- kÖg AvBb Abymv‡i KviLvbvq †UªW BDwbqb MVb Ki‡Z mn‡hvwMZv KiZvg
- ‡d¬v‡ii cwi‡ek my›ì ivLvi Rb¨ eë¯’v MÖnY KiZvg
- mevi mv‡_ fv‡jv eënvi Ges m¤§vb KiZvg
- cÖwkÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g †njcvi c` †_‡K Acv‡iUi wb‡qvM `v‡bi eë¯’v MÖnY KiZvg
- jvB‡b mK‡ji my‡hvM-myweavi †LuvR wbZvg
- PvKywi mgvß Kivi ci mKj‡K AvBbvbyhvqx cvIbvw` cwi‡kva KiZvg
- mvgvwRK msjv‡ci gva¨‡g mgm¨vi mgvavb KiZvg
ÔAvwg hw` eë¯’vcK nZvg..Õ (mshyw³ 8 bgybv wPÎ L)
- cuvP Kg©wè‡mi g‡a¨ †eZb cwi‡kva KiZvg
- mgKv‡R mgvb gRywii eë¯’v KiZvg
- `ÿZv Abyhvqx c`‡bœvwZi eë¯’v KiZvg
- 100% †evbvm †`qvi eë¯’v KiZvg
- Kg©‡ÿ‡Î wbivcËvi eë¯’v mywbwðZ KiZvg
- gvZ…Z¡Kvjxb QzwUmn mKj myweav wbwðZ KiZvg
- ‡W-‡Kqvi, †eª÷ wdwWs KY©vi-wgé e¨vsK Gi eë¯’v KiZvg
- mKj kÖwg‡Ki Rb¨ Avevm‡bi eë¯’v KiZvg
- kÖwg‡Ki Rb¨ †ikwbs Gi eë¯’v KiZvg
- kÖwg‡Ki mšÍvb‡ì Rb¨ wkÿvi eë¯’v KiZvg
- ‡hŠb nqivwb cÖwZ‡iv‡a eë¯’v MÖnY KiZvg
- kÖwgK‡ì hvZvhv‡Zi myeë¯’v wbwðZ KiZvg
- kÖwgK‡ì `~N©Ubv/ g„Zy¨RwbZ ÿwZc~iY cÖ`v‡bi eë¯’v KiZvg
- g„Z kÖwg‡Ki †cvl¨‡K PvKwi‡Z ivLvi eë¯’v KiZvg
 cÖwZwU `‡ji KvQ †_‡K †kvbv n‡q †M‡j ejyb, Avgiv †`Ljvg †h GKwU Kg©cwi‡e‡k GB welq¸‡jv _vK‡j
Avgiv Zv‡K Dc‡hvwM Kg©cwi‡ek ej‡Z cvwi| Awa‡ekb `yB Gi Av‡jvPbv ¯§iY Kwi‡q w`‡q ejyb †h, c~‡e©I
Avgiv Av‡jvPbv K‡i wba©viY K‡iwQjvg GKwU Dc‡hvwM Kg©cwi‡ek †Kgb n‡Z cv‡i|
 cybivq H PviwU `j‡KB Avevi Avgš¿Y Rvbvb K‡ÿi Pvi KY©v‡i em‡Z Aby‡iva Kiæb| `‡j cÖ‡qvRbxq
†cv÷vi-gvK©vi mieivn Kiæb|
 wb‡`©kbv w`b †h, Gevi PviwU `‡j GKwU welq wb‡q fv‡M fv‡M KvR Ki‡ev| wb‡¤œv³ welq¸‡jv PviwU `‡j
fvM K‡i w`b|
- `j-1: †kvfb Kg©cwi‡ek Kx?
- `j-2: †kvfb Kg©cwi‡e‡ki bxwZgvjv
- `j-3: †UKmB Dbœqb j¶¨gvÎv (SDGs) 8 ( Kg©ms¯’vb I A_©bxwZÑ mevi Rb¨ `xN©‡gqv`x,
AšÍf©yw³g~jK A_©‰bwZK cÖe…w×, c~Y©v½ I Drcv`bkxj I Dchy³ Kv‡Ri myweav wbwðZ Kiv) Gi Av‡jv‡K
†kvfb Kg©cwi‡e‡ki ¸iæZ¡
- `j-4: †RÛvi mgZvi mv‡_ †kvfb Kg©cwi‡e‡ki m¤úK©
 wb‡`©kbv w`b †h, Av‡jvPbv ¯^v‡c‡ÿ welqwU wb‡q Zviv Kx Rv‡bb Zv †cv÷v‡i wjL‡Z| KvRwU m¤úbœ& Ki‡Z
15 wgwbU mgq eivÏ Kiæb| cÖwZwU `‡j mKj‡K AskMÖn‡Yi Rb¨ DrmvwnZ Kiæb|
 `jxq KvRwU m¤úbœ n‡q †M‡j AvMÖ‡ni wfwË‡Z Dfq `j‡KB G‡K G‡K Zv‡ì wjwLZ ‡cv÷vi Dc¯’vc‡bi
Rb¨ Aby‡iva Kiæb| GKwU `j Dc¯’vcbvi mgq Ab¨ `‡ji m`m¨MY ïb‡jb wKbv Ges eyS‡jb wKbv GKgZ
n‡jb wKbv Zv cÖkœ‡Ëv‡ii gva¨‡g wbwðZ †nvb|
 cÖwZwU `‡ji Av‡jvPbv m¤úbœ n‡j ¯øvB‡Wi gva¨‡g (mshyw³ 8 ¯øvBW 1) Ô‡kvfb Kg©cwi‡ekÕ Av‡jvPbv
Kiæb|
54
 Av‡jvPbvq mKj‡K AskMÖn‡Y DrmvwnZ Kiæb| †Kv‡bv ai‡bi A¯úóZv Av‡Q wKbv †R‡b wbb, cÖ‡qvR‡b
Av‡jvPbv `xN©vwqZ Kiæb|
avc 2
 K‡ÿi Pviw`‡K KY©v‡i gvZ…‡Z¡i myweav, Kg©x ¯^v¯’¨, mgvb gRywi, ey‡Ki `ya LvIqv‡bv, cwienb, ms‡Ni
¯^vaxbZv, wj½xq ms‡e`bkxj AvPiY, ‰elg¨nxbZv, bvix‡ì h_vh_ cÖwZ¯’vcb, ¯^v¯’¨wewa DcKiY Ges
‡ckvMZ Dbœqb c«vmw½K welqK Avjv`v Avjv`v ‡cv÷vi ivLyb|
 AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cÖ‡Z¨K‡K GKwU K‡i gvK©vi w`b| wb‡`©kbv w`b †h, m¤ú~Y© K‡ÿ Qwo‡q _vKv †cv÷v‡ii
welq¸‡jv GKevi K‡i Ny‡i Ny‡i †`L‡eb, Kg©‡ÿ‡Î †kvfb Kg©cwi‡ek wbwð‡Z GB welq¸‡jv‡Z Kx Kx
bxwZgvjv/PP©v _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| ‡cv÷v‡i Kx Kx wjLv n‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv Av‡M c‡o wb‡q Zvi cybive„wË bv K‡i
bZzb ms‡hvRb _vK‡j Zv wjL‡Z Aby‡iva Kiæb| GB Kv‡R 15 wgwbU mgq eivÏ Kiæb|
 mK‡ji ‡jLv †kl n‡j me¸‡jv †cv÷vi‡K cvkvcvwk †g‡S‡Z wewQ‡q w`b (mshyw³ 8 bgybv wPÎ N)| cÖwZwU
†cv÷vi a‡i Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
mvgvwRK avc 2
msjvc,  mvgvwRK msjvc, †kvfb Kg©cwi‡ek Ges †RÛvi mgZv wjwLZ wZbwU fxc KvW© †ev‡W© †mu‡U w`b (mshyw³ 8
†RÛvi mgZv bgybv wPÎ M) Ges AskMÖnYKvix‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖkœ Kiæb, GB wZbwUi g‡a¨ m¤úK© Kx? AskMÖnYKvix‡ì KvQ
Ges †RÛvi †_‡K Avmv DËimg~n †ev‡W© wjLyb|
ms‡e`bkxj  ejyb, AvšÍR©vwZK kÖg ms¯’v (ILO)Õi Rb¨ †RÛvi mgZv Ges mvgvwRK msjvc GKwU †gŠwjK Ges eZ©gvb
Kg©cwi‡ek
mg‡qi µm-KvwUs Bmÿ| 2009 mv‡ji AvšÍR©vwZK kÖg m‡¤§j‡b Av‡jvPbvi g~j wel‡h wQj †h- †kvfb
Kg©cwi‡e‡ki g~j †K‡›`ª i‡q‡Q †RÛvi mgZv A_©¨vr Kg©RM‡Z †kvfb Kg©cwi‡ek wbwðZ Ki‡Z †RÛvi
mgZv cÖwZôv Kiv Riæix Ges GB †RÛvi mgZv cÖwZôvq mvgwRK msjvc Ges wÎcÿev` (tripartism)
bxwZ Acwinvh© nvwZqvi |
 AskMÖnYKvix‡ì wb‡¤œi wel‡qi Avjv‡K cÖkœ Kiæb, DËi ïbyb Ges wd¬cPv‡U© wjwce× Kiæb|
- msjvc ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
- msjv‡ci djvdj
- msjv‡ci Dcvq
 AvMÖ‡ni wfwË‡Z AskMÖnYKvix‡ì KvQ †_‡K †kvbv n‡q †M‡j wd¬c PvU© †_‡K cybivq c‡o ‡kvbvb Ges ejyb,
Avgiv GKUz cvVDcKiY †_‡K wgwj‡q wbB| c~‡e© ˆZwi Kiv ¯øvB‡Wi gva¨‡g cvVDcKiYwU (mshyw³ 8 ¯øvBW
2) Dc¯’vcb Kiæb Ges AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ga¨ †_‡K †h KvD‡K co‡Z DrmvwnZ Kiæb|
 Av‡jvPbv †k‡l KviI †Kv‡bv cÖkœ Av‡Q wKbv †R‡b wbb| cÖkœ _vK‡j Zvi DËi wbwðZ Kiæb Ges cieZ©x
av‡c cÖ‡ek Kiæb|
avc 3
 AvMÖ‡ni wfwË‡Z AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ga¨ †_‡K `yB Rb K‡i GK `j Acv‡iUi, GK`j mycvifvBRvi I
GK`j eë¯’vcK‡K Avnevb Rvbvb| wb‡`©kbv w`b †h, GB Qq Rb‡K GKwU msjvc K‡i †`Lv‡Z n‡e|
wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ Av‡jvPbv K‡i welq wba©vib Ki‡eb Ges msjvc cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb| wb‡R‡ì cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z 05
wgwbU Ges ‡ivj †cø Gi Rb¨ 10 wgwbU mgq eivÏ Kiæb| mKj‡K c~Y© gb‡hv‡Mi mv‡_ ‡ivj †cø ch©‡eÿ‡Yi
Rb¨ Aby‡iva Kiæb| †Kv‡bv cÖkœ/ ch©‡eÿY _vK‡j LvZvq wj‡L ivL‡Z ejyb|
 ‡ivj †cø †k‡l `‡ji KvQ †_‡K Abyf’wZ Rvb‡Z Pvb|
 Gevi evwK AskMÖnYKvix‡ì KvQ †_‡K Zv‡ì cÖkœ/gšÍe¨/ ch©‡eÿY ïbyb| wR‡Ám Kiæb, Zv‡ì Kg©‡ÿ‡Î
mvgvwRK msjvc cwiPvjbv Kiv nq wKbv| †ivj †cø‡Z †`Lv‡bv mvgvwRK msjv‡ci mv‡_ wb‡R‡ì Kg©‡ÿ‡Î
cwiPvwjZ mvgvwRK msjv‡ci g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv cv_©K¨ Av‡Q wKbv| _vK‡j †m¸‡jv ïbyb Ges wd¬cPv‡U© wjLyb|
Av‡jvPbvq mKj‡K AskMÖn‡Y DrmvwnZ Kiæb|
 Av‡jvPbv †k‡l AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cÖ‡Z¨K‡K ÔmvgvwRK msjvcÕ welqK cvVDcKiY cÖ`vb Kiæb Ges gb‡hvM
55
mnKv‡i co‡Z Aby‡iva Kiæb| (mshyw³ 8 cvVDcKiY 1)
avc 4
 AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z Pvb, Kg©‡ÿ‡Î mvgvwRK msjv‡ci welq¸‡jv Kx Kx n‡Z cv‡i? Zv‡ì KvQ
†_‡K Avmv DËimg~n wd¬c Pv‡U© wjLyb Ges ejv †kl n‡j cybvivq c‡o †kvbvb| welq¸‡jv Avm‡Z cv‡i-
- ¯^v¯’¨ I wbivcËv
- wewìs wbivcËv
- `vexbvgv
- Lvevi
- gRyix
- gvZ…Z¡Kvjxb QzwU
- AZ¨vwaK ‡cÖvWvKk‡bi Pvc
- QuvUvB
- IfviUvBg
- PvKzwiPy¨Z
- we‡bv‡`vb
- nqivwb
- my‡cq cvwb
- ‡evbvm
- g„Zz¨RwbZ ÿwZ
- ‡eª÷wdwWs KY©vi
- nvwRiv †evbvm
- Kg©N›Uv
- Kv‡Ri mgq
 AskMÖnYKvix‡ì GK, `yB, wZb K‡i wZbwU `‡j fvM n‡q K‡ÿi wZbwU KY©v‡i em‡Z Aby‡iva Kiæb|
 03 `‡j wb‡gœv³ welq wZbwU cÖ`vb Kiæb|
- wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y Ges mvgvwRK msjv‡c bvix-cyiæ‡li mgvb AskMÖnY wbwð‡Z P¨v‡jÄ /cÖwZeÜKZvmg~n
wPwýZKiY Ges Dcvq wba©viY
- ‡RÛvi mgZv cÖwZôvq nvwZqvi wn‡m‡e mvgvwRK msjv‡ci Ae`vb
- Avcbvi Kg©‡ÿ‡Î mvgvwRK msjvc Ges †RÛvi mgZv wbwð‡Z wewfbœ KwgwU (Kg©x AskMÖnY KwgwU, ¯^v¯’¨
I wbivcËv KwgwU, Awf‡hvM KwgwU, †hŠb nqivwb cÖwZ‡iva KwgwU)Õi f’wgKv AviI wKfv‡e evov‡bv hvq?
 ejyb, `‡j Av‡jvPbv ¯^v‡c‡ÿ D³ wel‡qi Dci †cv÷vi ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e|
 wZbwU `‡j KvRwU m¤úbœ n‡q †M‡j AvMÖ‡ni wfwË‡Z Dfq `j‡KB G‡K G‡K Zv‡ì wjwLZ ‡cv÷vi
Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ Aby‡iva Kiæb (mshyw³ 8 bgybv wPÎ O)| GKwU `j Dc¯’vcbvi mgq Ab¨ `‡ji m`m¨MY
ïb‡jb wKbv Ges eyS‡jb wKbv GKgZ n‡jb wKbv Zv cÖkœ‡Ëv‡ii gva¨‡g wbwðZ †nvb|
 Av‡jvPbv †k‡l mKj‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q RvqMvq em‡Z ejyb| cy‡iv Av‡jvPbvi mvi-ms‡ÿc Kiæb|
 ejyb, BDwb‡md (2017) Abymv‡i, ‡RÛvi mgZv ej‡Z ‡evSvq ‡kÖwYweb¨vm †_‡K D™¢zZ mKj wj½xq m¤úK©,
wbqg, g‡bvfve, Ges wek¦vm ev` ‡Ìqv hv‡Z bvix-cyiæl ev Ab¨ wj½xq cwiP‡qi gvby‡liv mgvb kZ©,
wPwKrmv Ges g~j¨vq‡bi my‡hv‡Mi AwaKvix n‡Z cv‡i Kg©‡ÿ‡Î-mgv‡R-cwiev‡i| Ab¨w`‡K, AvBGjI Gi
msÁvbymv‡i, gRywi, c‡`vbœwZ, QywU Ges cÖwk¶‡Yi ‡¶‡Î Kg©‡¶‡Î ‰elg¨nxbZv, ì KlvKwl Ges
‡gjv‡gkvi ¯^vaxbZv, Ges bvix‡ì weiæ‡× mwnsmZv Ges ‡hŠb nqivwbi Abycw¯’wZ-GB welq¸‡jv Kg©‡¶‡Î
‡RÛvi mgZvi mv‡_ mgvc„³| ejyb, AvBGjI Gi msÁv Abyhvqx, miKvi-wb‡qvMKZ©v-kÖwgK cÖwZwbwa‡ì
g‡a¨ A_©‰bwZK Ges mvgvwRK bxwZ msµvšÍ wel‡q mKi ai‡bi Av‡jvPbv, civgk©-Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`vb
mvgvwRK msjv‡ci AšÍf©~³| mvgvwRK msjvc †hgb RvZxq ch©v‡q cwiPvjbv Kiv nq, †Zgwb cÖ‡qvRbvbyhvqx
†m±ivj ev Kg©‡ÿ‡Îi wfZ‡iI GwU cwiPvwjZ nq| Z‡e †Kv_vq, KLb cwiPvwjZ n‡e Zv wbf©i Ki‡e
wel‡qi e¨wß, Pvwn`v, Kv‡ì mv‡_ Ges wKfv‡e GwU cwiPvwjZ n‡e Zvi Dci|
56
 AskMÖnYKvixMY mK‡j ey‡S‡Qb Ges Ask wb‡q‡Qb wbwðZ n‡q abëv` Rvwb‡q c‡ii Av‡jvPbvq cÖ‡ek
Kiæb|
 Av‡jvPbvq Av‡iv wKQz †hvM Ki‡Z PvB‡j wewfbœ mswkøó AvwU©‡Kj c‡o †`L‡Z cv‡ib ev ¸Mj Gi mvnvh¨
wb‡Z cv‡ib|
 https://www.ilo.org/ifpdial/information-
resources/publications/WCMS_172636/lang--en/index.htm
 https://www.jointeti.org/dyn/Normal/2/232/Normal_Content/file/1310/15136955
03/jeti-social-dialogue-toolkit-first-draft.pdf
 `jxq Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvKvjxb mg‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq †bvU ivLyb|
57
mshyw³: 9
bgybv wPÎ K
Avwg hw` eë¯’vcK Avwg hw`

nZvg Zvn‡j mycvifvBRvi nZvg
kÖwgK‡ì mv‡_ Ges Zvn‡j myôz eë¯’vcbvi
Rb¨ Kx Kx KiZvg? ¯^v‡_© Kx Kx KiZvg?
bgybv wPÎ L
ÔAvwg hw` mycvifvBRvi nZvg..Õ ÔAvwg hw` eë¯’vcK nZvg..Õ
58
bgybv wPÎ M
bgybv wPÎ N
59
bgybv wPÎ O
bgybv ¯øvBW 1
†kvfb Kg© cwi‡e‡ki ¸iæZ¡ Ges djvdj

Ò‡kvfb KvRÓ GB aviYvwUi DrcwË n‡qwQj 80 `k‡K| wek¦vq‡bi mgqKv‡j Kg©‡¶‡Îi
Avg~j cwieZ©b N‡U †M‡Q| eëmvwqK c«wZôvb ¸wji KvVv‡gv cybwe©b¨vm n‡q‡Q, †hgb;
KvVv‡gv msKywPZ Kiv n‡q‡Q, Ab¨ †`k †_‡K cY¨ Drcv`b Kwi‡q Avbv ev AvDU †mvm© Kiv
n‡”Q, Kg Li‡P cY¨ Drcv`b Kivi Rb¨ KviLvbv ¯’vbvšÍi ev Adkwis Kiv n‡”Q Ges Kg©xi
mv‡_ Kv‡Ri Pyw³‡K LwÛZ K‡i †djv n‡q‡Q †hgb, AwbwðZ Kg© Pyw³ (Kg gRywi, Aiw¶Z
I wbivcËvwnb), k~b¨ Kg©NÈvi Pyw³ (b¨~bZg Kg© NÈvi kZ©wenxb), `xN© I LwÛZ / bgbxq
Kg© mgq Pyw³ BZ¨vw`|
1998 mv‡j 86 Zg AvšÍR©vwZK kÖg m‡¤§jb (ILO) Kg©‡¶‡Î AwaKvi I †gŠwjK bxwZ
†NvlYv K‡i hv ILO Gi 187 wU m`m¨ iv‡ó«i mKj Kg©Rxex †¶‡Î c«‡hvR¨ n‡e| GB †NvlYvq
†eKvi, Awfevmx k«wgK I we‡kl Pvwn`v hy³ †Mvôx¸wj‡K AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| †NvlYvq
AšÍf©y³ Kg©‡¶‡Î AwaKvi I †gŠwjK bxwZ¸wj n‡”Qt
1| msN Kivi ¯^vaxbZv I †hŠ_ ìKlvKwli AwaKvi
2| †Rvic~e©K I eva¨Zvg~jK k«‡gi Aemvb
3| wkï k«‡gi Aemvb 60
4| †ckv I wb‡qv‡Mi †¶‡Î
ILO Gi msÁv Abyhvqx †kvfb KvR n‡”Q, Òbvix I cyiæ‡li Rb¨ ¯^vaxbZv, b¨vh¨Zv, wbivcËv
I gvbweK gh©v`v m¤úbœ KvRÓ| †kvfb KvR Kg©xi Drcv`bkxjZv, b¨vh¨ Avq, Kg©‡¶‡Î
wbivcËv wbwðZ K‡i I Kg©xi cwiev‡ii mvgvwRK myi¶vi cvkvcvwk e¨w³ Dbœq‡bi my‡hvM
K‡i †`q| Ab¨w`‡K †kvfb Kg© cwi‡ek mvgvwRK wg_w¯Œqv‡K DrmvwnZ K‡i, gvbyl‡K
Zv‡ì D‡ØM c«Kv‡ki ¯^vaxbZv †`q, Zv‡ì Rxeb‡K c«fvweZ K‡i Ggb wm×v‡šÍ msMwVZ I
AskM«nY Kivi Ges mevi Rb¨ mgvb my‡hvM I mgvb AvPi‡bi wbðqZv †`q| †kvfb KvR
PviwU Awe‡”Q`¨, AvšÍtm¤úwK©Z I cvi¯úwiK mnvq‡Zi †KŠkjMZ D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q MwVZ n‡q‡Q|
†m¸wj n‡”Qt
1| PvKywii wbðqZv
2| †gŠwjK bxwZ I Kg©‡¶‡Îi AwaKvi
3| mvgvwRK myi¶v (mvgvwRK wbivcËv, †ckvMZ
wbivcËv I ¯^v¯’¨)
4| mvgvwRK msjvc
D‡jøL¨ †h Dc‡ii c«wZwU †KŠkjMZ D‡Ï‡kï mv‡_
†RÛvi mgvZv Ges ‰elg¨nxbZvi bxwZ mg~n mshy³
Av‡Q|
‡kvfb KvR wbwðZ Kivi D‡`¨vM mgy‡ni AM«MwZ cwigvc myPKt

Kv‡Ri eûgywL c«K…wZ, mvgvwRK myi¶v, mvgvwRK msjv‡ci mv‡_ Kg©‡¶‡Îi AwaKv‡ii mgš^q
Gm‡ei cwigvc GKwU RwUj KvR| †kvfb KvR wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ M…nxZ c`‡¶c ¸wji
AMÖMwZ cwigvc Kivi †¶‡Î bx‡Pi m~PK ¸wj eënvi Kivi Rb¨ ILO Gi mycvwik Ki‡Q|
Dc‡i D‡jøwLZ 4 wU †KŠkjMZ D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi j‡¶¨ M…nxZ c`‡¶çwj djvdj cwigv‡ci
Rb¨ ILO bx‡Pi 10wU cwigvcK m~PK (Framework Work Indicators) eënv‡ii
civgk© w`‡q‡Qt
1| Kg©ms¯’v‡bi wK cwigvY my‡hvM m…wó n‡q‡Q

2| Kx cwigvY ch©vß Avq I Drcv`bkxj Kv‡Ri wbðqZv ‰Zwi n‡q‡Q
3| †kvfb Kg© mgq KZLvwb wbwðZ n‡q‡Q
4| KvR, cwievi I e¨w³MZ Rxe‡bi g‡a¨ KZLvwb mgš^q Kiv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q
5| †h mKj KvR wejyß Kivi A½xKvi wQj Zv KZLvwb ev¯Íevqb n‡q‡Q
6| Kv‡Ri w¯’wZkxjZv I wbivcËv wbwðZ Kiv †M‡Q
7| mK‡ji Rb¨ mgvb Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM I mK‡ji mv‡_ mgvPiY KZLvwb wbwðZ n‡q‡Q
8| wbivc` Kg© cwi‡ek KZLvwb wbwðZ n‡q‡Q
9| mvgvwRK wbivcËv KZLvwb wbwðZ n‡q‡Q
10| mvgvwRK msjvc I wm×všÍ MÖn‡b Kg©x I wb‡qvMKZ©v‡ì c«wZwbwaZ¡ wbwðZ n‡q‡Q
Kv‡Ri RM‡Z mwnsmZv I nqivwb mKj †`‡k, †ckvq Ad Kv‡Ri eë¯’v‡K c«wZwbqZ
c«fvweZ Ki‡Q| Gi aiY I gvÎv wewfbœfv‡e I †c«¶vc‡U c«Kvk cvq| GwU gvby‡li gh©v`v‡K
f~jywÉZ Ki‡Q Ges †kvfb KvR I mvgvwRK b¨vqwePvi‡K `yiƒn K‡i Zy‡j‡Q| ‰elg¨ g~jK
eë¯’v, RbmsL¨v MZ cwieZ©b, Kv‡Ri c×wZ I `ªæZ cwieZ©bkxj c«hyw³ †RÛvi wfwËK
mwnsmZv I nqivwb mn mKj mwnsmZv I nqivwb‡K
61 e¨vcKZi K‡i Zy‡j‡Q|
GB Kb‡fbkb I mycvwikgvjv †RÛvi wfwËK mwnsmZv I nqivwb †h Zyjbvg~jK fv‡e bvix I
†g‡q‡ì‡K †ekx ¶wZM«¯Í K‡i Zv †g‡b wb‡q; Ges Kv‡Ri RM‡Z mwnsmZv I nqivwb we‡jvc
Ki‡Z GKwU AšÍf©yw³g~jK, mgwš^Z I †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj c×wZ †h Acwinvh© hv mwnsmZv I
nqivwbi KviY I SywKi Dcv`vb¸wj †hgb, †RÛvi m¤úwK©Z MZvbyMwZK aviYv, ‰elg¨ I
Amg †RÛvi wfwËK ¶gZvi m¤úK©‡K †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ ¯^xK…wZ c«`vb K‡i‡Q|
cvkvcvwk cvwievwiK mwnsmZv †h PvKywi, Drcv`bkxjZv, ¯^v¯’¨ I wbivcËvi Dci weiƒc c«fve
†dj‡Q, Ges miKvi, gvwjK I k«wgK msMVb Ges k«gevRv‡ii c«wZôvb¸wj †h Ab¨vb¨
eë¯’vi Ask wnmv‡e cvwievwiK mwnsmZvi weiƒc c«fve‡K ¯^xK…wZ w`qv‡Q I mvov c«`v‡bi I
†gvKv‡ejvi my¯úó c×wZi Dci ¸iæZ¡ w`qv‡Q|
bgybv ¯øvBW 2
msjvc
msjvc n‡”Q GKwU cÖwµqv ev c×wZ hvi gva¨‡g Kg©‡ÿ‡Îi †Kvb welq ev mgm¨v m¤ú‡K© mswkøó
mK‡ji g‡bvfve Rvbv hvq I Avjvc Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g HK¨g‡Z ev mgvav‡b †cŠuQv‡bv hvq|
msjv‡ci djvdjt
 msjvc †gavi weKvk NUvq I AskMÖnbKvix‡ì‡K D™¢vebx K‡i †Zv‡j
 AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K hyw³hy³ wPšÍv Ki‡Z kw³ I mvnm †hvMvq
 mswkøó mKj‡K cwiw¯’wZ I KiYxq eyS‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i
 AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K mvavib GKRb †_‡K cwieZ©‡bi m~PbvKvix wnmv‡e M‡o †Zv‡j
 eûg~wL wPšÍv cÖKvk cvq
 mK‡ji g‡a¨ †kvbvi PP©v ev‡o
msjvc mdj Kivi Dcvqt
 msjv‡ci Rb¨ wbivc` cwi‡ek wbwðZ Kivmg
 welqe¯‘ mywbw`©ó Kiv
 mevi K_v †kvbv hvq Ggb ¯’vb †e‡Q †bqv
 wb‡Ri AvwgZ¡‡K ev Ans †K GKcv‡k mwi‡q ivLv cÖ‡qvRb
 c~e© Abygvb ev wePvi bv K‡I ïb‡Z n‡e
 Ab¨‡ì‡K ejvi my‡hvM K‡i w`‡Z n‡e
 mKj‡K K_v ejv‡bvi Rb¨ m„Rbkxj n‡Z n‡e
 mK‡ji AskMÖn‡bi vuav Acmvib Ki‡Z n‡e
 KvD‡K K_v ejvi Rb¨ Pvc cÖ‡qvM bv Kiv
 mK‡ji gZvgZ‡K ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv
62
cvVDcKiY: 1
Social Dialogue “mvgvwRK msjvcÓ nj †UªW BDwbqb eë¯’vcbv Ges miKvix mswkøó cÖwZôv‡bi mgš^‡q Ggb
GKwU Av‡jvPbv cÖwµqv †hLv‡b cÖwZôv‡bi A_©‰bwZK Ges mvgvwRK Dfq ai‡Yi welqvw` wb‡q †Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbv
nq|
wek¦ kÖg ms¯’v 2018 mv‡j Social Dialogue †K †hfv‡e mÁvwqZ K‡i‡Q Zv nj-
A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK bxwZ m¤úwK©Z Ges mK‡ji ¯^v_© mswkøó mKj ai‡Yi ìKlvKwl Av‡jvPbv A_ev Z‡_ï Av`vb
cÖ`vb Ki‡Z miKv‡ii cÖwZwbwa, Kg©x Ges wb‡qvM KZ©vi g‡a¨ cvi®úvwiK Av‡jvPbv| Social Dialogue ‡hŠ_
ìKlvKwl Ges mwgwZf~³ _vKvi AwaKvi‡K wfwË K‡iB Social Dialogue aviYvi DrcwË Ges GB aviYv †`‡ki
HwZnvwmK, mvs¯‹…wZK, A_©‰bwZK, ivR‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZ‡K AšÍ©f‚³ K‡i| GQvovI ¯’vbxq cwiw¯’wZ, wePvi KvVv‡gv,
wePvi cÖwµqv, HwZn¨ Abyhvqx Social Dialogue Gi c×wZ‡Z wfbœZv Avm‡Z cv‡i|
Social Dialogue Gi wKQz êwkó¨ †`L‡j †KvbwU Social Dialogue bq Zv ¯úó nIqv hvq| †hgb: wb‡qvMKZ©v
Ges Kg©x‡ì g‡a¨ Kg©cwi‡e‡ki mvaviY Z_¨ Av`vb cÖ`vb m¤úwK©Z mfv †hgb- evwl©K Pzw³ m¤úv`b m¤úwK©Z mfv,
gvbm¤úbœ, eëmvwqK, cÖvwZôvwbK PP©v n‡jI Zv Social Dialogue bq| Social Dialogue Gi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb
cÿ mg~‡ni g‡a¨ wØg~Lx Av‡jvPbv| †hgb- GKRb wb‡qvMKZ©v hw` bZzb †Kvb bxwZgvjv cÖ¯Íve K‡i †h, bxwZgvjvq
ejv n‡”Q GKRb Kg©x‡K ˆ`wbK KZ NÈv KvR Ki‡Z n‡e wKš‘ Kgx©‡ì GB wel‡q gZvgZ †`qvi my‡hvM _vK‡e bv
†mwU Social Dialogue bq|
Social Dialogue cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î wKQz AR©b‡K cÖvavb¨ †`qv nq; †hgb-
1. Kg©‡ÿ‡Î †÷K‡nvìvi‡ì g‡a¨ HK¨gZ cÖwZôv Ges mK‡ji MYZvwš¿K m¤ú„³Zv|
2. mvgvwRK b¨vqwePvi cÖwZôv Ges mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK AMÖMwZ AR©b|
3. hv‡ì Rb¨ wm×všÍ M„wnZ n‡”Q Zv‡ì GB wm×všÍ MÖnY cÖwµqvq AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i-GB bxwZ cÖwZôv I
PP©v|
4. g~jZ: `j¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Av‡jvPbv, civgk© Ges Z_¨ wewbg‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨ Social Dialogue cwiPvwjZ nq
ìKlvKwl/ Av‡jvPbv
civgk©
Z_¨ wewbgq
63
Social Dialogue cwiPvjbvq g~jZt wZb ai‡bi GKU&i Gi Dcw¯’wZ
_v‡K-
K. wb‡qvMKZ©v ev wb‡qMKZ©v‡ì G¨v‡mvwm‡qkb miKv‡ii cÖwZwbwa
L. Kg©Pvix ev Kg©Pvixe„‡›ì msMVb (AvBb
cÖ‡qvMKvix,
M. miKv‡ii cÖwZwbwa (AvBb cÖ‡qvMKvix, mÂvjK, wbqš¿K)
mÂvjK, wbqš¿K)
Social Dialogue Gi aiY mg~nt-
cwi‡cÖwÿZ we‡ePbvq Social Dialogue Gi aiY mg~n wbf©i K‡i|
Kvw•LZ jÿ¨ AR©b Ki‡Z n‡j Social Dialogue Gi mywb©ó aiY
Social
wPwýZ Kiv Riæix| Dialogue
cÿ mg~‡ni aiY, cÖwZôv‡bi aiY, m¤ú„³Zvi aiY BZ¨vwì Dc‡i
Social Dialogue Gi aiY wbf©i K‡i H mg¯Í aiY¸‡jvi Dc‡i|
GwU n‡Z cv‡i wØcvwÿK A_ev wÎcvwÿK| wØcvwÿK Social wb‡qvMKZ©v ev
Kg©Pvix ev
wb‡qMKZ©v‡ì Kg©Pvixe„‡›ì
Dialogue n‡q _v‡K kÖwgK Ges eë¯’vc‡Ki g‡a¨ A_ev †UªW
G¨v‡mvwm‡qkb msMVb
BDwbqb Ges cÖwZôv‡bi g‡a¨| GwU n‡q _v‡K Av‡jvPbvq, civgk©
Av`vb cÖ`vb ìKlvKwl wel‡q|
wÎcvwÿK Av‡jvPbvq hy³ nq miKv‡ii cÖwZwbwa KLbI KLbI Ab¨vb¨
mvgvwRK msMVb mg~n|
D`vniY miƒc- bxwZgvjv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv †hgb- mvgvwRK myiÿv, Kg©ms¯’vb, ivR¯^ BZ¨vw`|evav mg~nt-
Social Dialogue G †h evav mg~n _vK‡Z cv‡i-
 BDwbqb wKfv‡e KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i †m m¤ú‡K© ¯^í aviYv ev eëmv †_‡K BDwbqb wKfv‡e jvfevb n‡Z cv‡i
Zv Rvbv bv _vKv|
 kÖwgK‡ì welq¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© aviYvi A¯^”QZv Ges Pjgvb cwiw¯’wZ m¤ú‡K© aviYv _vKv|
 BDwbq‡bi Kvh©wewa m¤ú‡K© fyj aviYv †hgb- BDwbqb, niZvj, fvsPzi BZ¨vwì mv‡_ RwoZ GB aviYv
†cvlY Kiv|
 eë¯’vcK‡ì A_ev gvwjK c‡ÿi †bwZevPK gvbwlKZv|
 Av‡jvPbvi welq wbe©vP‡bi ÿgZv bv _vKv|
 welqwU‡K wb‡R‡ì g‡b bv Kiv|
 AwaK Kg©Pv‡ci fq|
 e¨q †e‡o hvIqvi fq|
 †Kv‡bv jvf Lyu‡R bv cvIqv|
 †µZv mvaviY GB mg¯Í wel‡q DrmvwnZ bv GgbUv fvev|
64
Awa‡ekb -10
g~j : Rvbvi Av‡Q A‡bK wKQz
Awa‡ekb
Av‡jvPbv :  wewfbœ RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK mb`-AvBb-bxwZgvjvmg~n
 wewfbœ RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK mb` Ges AvBbmg~n m¤ú‡K© cÖv_wgK avibv jvf Ki‡eb|
mgq : 60 wgwbU
c×wZ : `jxqKvR, cÖ`k©b, AskMÖnYg~jK Av‡jvPbv
DcKiY : gvmwKb †Uc, wewfbœ RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK mb`-AvBb-bxwZgvjvmg~n, cvVDcKiY,

wewfbœ RvZxq I avc 1
AvšÍR©vwZK mb`-  bZzb Awa‡ek‡b mevB‡K ¯^vMZ Rvbvb |
AvBb-bxwZgvjvmg~n  cÖkœ Kiæb, †cvkvK wk‡í ev KviLvbvq ev Kg©¯’‡j hw` nqivwb cÖwZ‡iva I cÖwZKv‡ii eë¯’v †bqv nq
Ges †RÛvi mgZv wbwðZ Kiv nq Zvn‡j jvf Kx n‡e? DËi ïbyb Ges wd¬cPv‡U© wjLyb| ¯øvB‡Wi
mnvqZvq e¨vL¨v Kiæb| (mshyw³ 10 ¯øvBW 1)
 ejyb, †cvkvK wkí ev KviLvbvq ev Kg©¯’j‡K nqivwbgy³ Ki‡Z, †RÛvi mgZv cÖwZôv Ges †RÛvi
ms‡e`bkxj Kg©cwi‡ek ˆZwi‡Z RvZxq Ges AvšÍR©vwZKfv‡e wewfbœ mb`-AvBb-bxwZgvjvmg~n cÖYxZ
n‡q‡Q| Avgiv GLb GK bR‡i †m¸‡jv †`‡L wbe|
 mevB‡K †Mvj n‡q ùvov‡Z ejyb| GK, `yB K‡i `yBwU `‡j fv‡M n‡q `‡j ùvov‡Z Aby‡iva Kiæb|
 K‡ÿi GKwU KY©v‡i RvZxq Ges Ab¨ KY©v‡i AvšÍR©vwZK ‡jLv m¤^wjZ KvMR ‡g‡S‡Z †mu‡U w`b|
Dfq `‡j wewfbœ RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK mb`-AvBb-bxwZgvjvmg~‡ni bvg m¤^wjZ KvMR cÖ`vb Kiæb|
 wb‡`©kbv w`b †h, Dfq `‡j GB bvg¸‡jv fv‡jv K‡i †`‡L †m¸‡jv RvZxq ev AvšÍR©vwZK †mB fvM
Abymv‡i †g‡S‡Z muvUv‡bv KvM‡Ri bx‡P bx‡P ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e| (mshyw³ 09 bgybv wPÎ 1)| KvRwU
m¤úbœ Ki‡Z 10 wgwbU mgq w`b|
 Dfq `‡ji mb`-AvBb-bxwZgvjvmg~‡ni bvg h_vh_fv‡e emv‡bv n‡q †M‡j cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvix‡K
fv‡jvfv‡e ch©‡eÿY Ki‡Z ejyb †h bvg¸‡jv h_vh_fv‡e e‡m‡Q wKbv| cÖ‡qvRbvbymv‡i ¯’vb cwieZ©‡bi
I wb‡`©kbv w`b|
 mK‡j fv‡jvfv‡e †`‡L‡Q wbwðZ n‡q KvRwU Ki‡Z †h‡q Abyf’wZ RvbZ Pvb| AvMÖ‡ni wfwË‡Z
K‡qKR‡bi DËi ïbyb|
 cÖkœ Kiæb †h, GB RvZxq Ges AvšÍR©vwZK mb`-AvBb-bxwZgvjvmg~n m¤ú‡K© c~‡e©B avibv Av‡Q wKbv|
DËi ïbyb Ges ¯øvB‡W cÖ`k©Y Kiæb (mshyw³ 10 ¯øvBW 2)
 ejyb, †RÛvi mgZv Ges †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj Kg©cwi‡ek wbwð‡Z Avgv‡ì GB mKj RvZxq Ges
AvšÍR©vwZK mb`-AvBb-bxwZgvjvmg~n m¤ú‡K© Lye fv‡jv avibv _vK‡Z n‡e|
 KviI ‡Kv‡bv ms‡hvRb ev cÖkœ _vK‡j cÖ‡qvRbxq Av‡jvPbv `xN©vwqZ Kiæb|
 mK‡j AskMÖnY K‡i‡Q wbwðZ n‡q Awa‡ekb mgvß Kiæb|
65
 Av‡jvPbvq Av‡iv wKQz †hvM Ki‡Z PvB‡j wewfbœ mswkøó AvwU©‡Kj c‡o †`L‡Z cv‡ib ev ¸Mj Gi mvnvh¨
wb‡Z cv‡ib|
 `jxq Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvKvjxb mg‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq †bvU ivLyb|
mshyw³: 10
bgybvwPÎ 1
66
bgybv ¯øvBW 1
eëmvwqK jv‡fi
KviLvbv ch©v‡q RvqMv wbivc` I
Drcv`b ÿgZv e„w× wbwðZ Kiv m¤¢e
Ges cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi
evRv‡i `„p Ae¯’vb wewfbœ eª¨vÛ/evqvi-KZ©„K
eëmvwqK m¤úK© wQbœ/K‡g
wewfbœ eª¨vÛ‡ì mv‡_ Avmv&, †¯‹vi Kv‡W© Kg b¤î
†cvkvK KviLvbvi Avmv, eø¨vK wj‡÷W nIqv-
m¤úK© Dbœqb NU‡e, hv KviLvbvi Rb¨
mybvg e„w× cv‡e Am¤§vbRbK Ges eëmvwqK
ÿwZI e‡U
†cvkvK KviLvbv I
evqvi‡ì g‡a¨ `xN© †gqv`x kÖwgK‡ì Ae¯’v fv‡jv, wek^vm
m¤úK© kw³kvjx n‡e hv i‡q‡Q gvwjK I eë¯’vcbvi Ici,
Drcv`b e„w×‡Z Ges kÖwgK‡ì Abycw¯’wZ Kg, P‡j
ev¯Íem¤§Z cwiKíbv MÖn‡Y hvIqvi cÖebZv Kg, Kg©¯’‡j wewfbœ
KviLvbv‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡e cwjwm I Awf‡hvM wb®úwË cÖwµqv
Kvh©Ki- Ggb KviLvbvi Dci
evqvi‡ì Av¯’v †ewk,eëmvwqK
m¤úK©I evo‡Z _v‡K
cwi‡k‡l Kg©¯’‡j wbivc` KvR, wbivc` cwi‡ek ‰Zwi Ges wbwð‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e|
67
bgybv ¯øvBW 2
International Framework National Framework
Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 Bangladesh Labour Act 2018
(No. 100)
Bangladesh Labour Act
Discrimination (Employment and
Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No. Grievance and Industrial dispute
111) Resolution ( BLA 33, 124 (a), 132, BLR
Workers with Family Responsibilities 2019,210 and 213 )
Convention, 1981 (No. 156) National Labour Policy (2012)
Violence and Harassment Convention,
2019 (No. 190) and Recommendation National Occupational Safety and Health
No. 206 (OSH) Policy (2013)
C183 - Maternity Protection Bangladesh Constitution
Convention, 2000 (No. 183) Penal Code, 1860
The United Nations’ Convention on Nari O Shishu Nirjatan Daman Ain
the Elimination of all forms of (Women and Children Repression
Discrimination against Women Prevention Act), 2000
(CEDAW) Domestic Violence (Prevention and
The UN Declaration on the Protection) Act, 2010
Elimination of Violence Against High Court Division’s directives on
Women, 1993 sexual harassment
The Beijing Declaration and Platform The Rights and Protection of Persons
for Action, 1995 with Disabilities Act, 2013
Anti Discrimination Policy
Policies and programmes relevant to gender-
based violence and harassment in the world of
work
8th Five Year Plan 2021-2025: Promoting
prosperity and fostering inclusiveness
National Women Development Policy,
2011
National Action Plan on Violence against
Women, 2013–2025
Sexual Harassment Prevention and
Protection Law 2021
National Labour Policy, 2012
National Occupational Health and Safety
Policy, 2013
National Policy on Disability, 1995
National Child Labour Elimination
Policy, 2010
National Health Policy, 2011
Multi-Sectoral Programme on Violence
against Women (MSPVAW)
68
Awa‡ekb -11
g~j Awa‡ekb : cÖwkÿY g~j¨vqb

Av‡jvPbv :  cÖwkÿY g~j¨vqb I Awa‡ekb mgvwß
 †Kvb& welq¸‡jv fvjg‡Zv †R‡b‡Q Zv hvPvB Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 cÖwkÿ‡Yi welq mg~n cybiv‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 cÖwkÿ‡Yi welq mgyn ¯^ ¯^ Kg Kg©†ÿ‡Î eënv‡ii my‡hvM ¸wj wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq : 30 wgwbU
c×wZ : ej †Qvov †Ljv, cÖwZdjb gyjK Av‡jvPbv
DcKiY : †QvU †Uwbm ej, †nvqvBU ‡evW© I gvKv©i |

cÖwkÿY g~j¨vqb I  cÖwkÿ‡Yi mgvwß Awa‡ek‡b mKj‡K Avgbš¿Y Rvbvb|
Awa‡ekb mgvwß  ejyb, Avgiv GLb cy‡iv cÖwkÿ‡Yi welq¸wj GKevi ch©v‡jvPbv Kwi|
 ej †Qvov ‡Ljvq Ask ‡bqvi Rb¨ cÖwkÿY K‡ÿi gvSLv‡b e„Ë AvKv‡i ùvov‡Z ejyb| mK‡j
e„‡Ë Ae¯’vb MÖnb Kivi ci †QvU ejwU †ei Kiæb Ges ejyb, ejwU Avgiv G‡K Ac‡ii w`‡K
Qzu‡o †è, whwb ejwU cv‡eb wZwb GB cÖwkÿ‡Yi GKwU Av‡jvwPZ wel‡qi bvg D‡jøL Ki‡eb
Ges welqwU wZwb Zvi Kg©†ÿ‡Î wKfv‡e eënvi Ki‡eb Zv mKj‡K Rvbv‡eb|
 Gfv‡e mK‡ji Kv‡Q ejwU hv‡e Ges mK‡jB wb‡`©kbv Abyhvqx ej‡eb| mK‡ji ejv n‡q
†M‡j mKj‡K ï‡f”Qv Rvbv‡e Ges Awfb›`b Rvwb‡q cÖwkÿ‡Yi mgvwß †NvlYv Ki‡eb|
 Awa‡ekb cÖwµqvwU fvj K‡i co–b
 mnvqK cvV Abyhvqx Avbylvw½K DcKiY Kv‡Q ivLyb|
 wewfbœ Awa‡ek‡b eënvi Kiv †cv÷vi¸wj †`qv‡j Uvw½‡q w`b|
 cÖ‡qvR‡b GKwU Awfb›`b †cv÷vi ˆZix Ki‡Z cv‡ib hv mgvwß †Nvlbvi mgq †`Lv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i|
69
mgvwß
70

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Kg©‡ÿ‡Î †RÛvi mgZv cÖwZôv Ges

nqivwb I wbh©vZb we‡jvc welqK

mvbvBqv dvnxg Avbmvix, AwaKvi I †RÛvi welqK KÝvj‡U›U

w`j Avd‡ivR Av³vi, AwaKvi I †RÛvi welqK KÝvj‡U›U

AvšÍR©vwZK kÖg ms¯’v (AvB Gj I), evsjv‡`k Gi †mvk¨vj WvqvjM GÛ

cÖwkÿY cwiPvjbvi cixwÿZ c×wZ AbymiY K‡i Zv GB gwWD‡j ms‡hvwRZ

cÖ‡qvRbxq †fŠZ DcKiY

 1wU wfc †evW©

G gwWD‡j cÖwk¶‡Yi D‡Ïk¨, cÖwk¶Ym~wP, cÖwZwU Awa‡ek‡bi wk‡ivbvg, Awa‡ekb cwiKíbv,

G gwWDj mdjfv‡e e¨envi Kivi Ici Gi Kvh©KvwiZv wbf©i Ki‡e| GKRb `ÿ I

 c~‡e©B AskMÖnbKvix‡`i m¤ú‡K© cwi¯‹vi aviYv MÖnb Ki‡eb|

3 Kg©‡ÿÎ I Kg©cwi‡ek  Kg©‡ÿÎ I Kg©cwi‡ek 16

7 w`b D‡Øvabx I wd‡i †`Lv  AvbyôvwbKZv 43

Av‡jvPbv :  gyW †mwUs, ïiæi AvbyôvwbKZv Ges ¯^vMZ m¤¢vlY

Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-

g~j welq : g‡bi is

Awa‡ekb :  g‡bv‡hvM Abykxjb

Av‡jvP¨ welq cÖwµqv

bgybv wPÎ K : g‡bi is

g~j Awa‡ekb : Kg©‡ÿÎ I Kg©cwi‡ek

Av‡jvP¨ welq cÖwµqv

Dc‡hvMx Kg©cwi‡ek Abyc‡hvMx Kg©cwi‡ek

`~e©j †hvMv‡hvM Ges mnKg©x‡`i †_‡K `~iZ¡

g~j Awa‡ekb : Kg©¯’‡j †RÛvi mgZv †Kb ¸iæZ¡c~Y©?

D‡Ïk¨ : Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY -

Av‡jvP¨ welq cÖwµqv

1. bvixiv mšÍvb aviY I Rš§ w`‡Z cv‡i, cyiæliv Zv cv‡i bv|

bgybv wPÎ-K gvbe gvbwPÎ

bgybv wPÎ-N †m· I †RÛvi

mshyw³: 3 bgybv wPÎ –Q †m· I †RÛvi

hvi d‡j gvbyl `~e©j ev ÿwZMÖ¯’ nq Zv‡K e‡j ˆelg¨

†RÛvi I †m· Gi cv_©K¨

bgybv ¯øvBW-1 Ô†RÛvi mgZvÕ I Ô†RÛvi mvg¨Õ

†RÛvi mgZv †RÛvi mvg¨

Av‡jvP¨ welq cÖwµqv

cvV DcKiY -2 wRwewf wUª

†RÛviwfwËK mwnsmZvi cÖK…wZ I aiY:

Kg©xiv ‡hŠb nqivwbI Kg©xiv PvKzwi Kv‡R fzj nq,

g~j Awa‡ekb : w`b ch©v‡jvPbv

Av‡jvP¨ welq cÖwµqv

g~j Awa‡ekb : w`b D‡Øvabx I wd‡i †`Lv

Av‡jvPbv :  †KvbwU Ô nqivwb Õ, †KvbwU Ônqivwb bqÕ

D‡Ïk¨ : Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-

Av‡jvP¨ welq cÖwµqv

†hŠb nqivwbi aiY:

`Ûwewa AvBb, 1860-Gi 294, 354 Ges 509

Kg©‡ÿ‡Î †hŠb nqivwb wK? evsjv‡`k nvB‡KvU© cÖ`Ë GKwU MvBWjvBb|

 †hŠb nqivwb cÖwZ‡iva KwgwUi KvR mg~n ÑÑ

Av‡jvPbv :  †kvfb Kg©cwi‡ek Kx?

Av‡jvP¨ welq cÖwµqv

Avwg hw` e¨e¯’vcK Avwg hw`

ÔAvwg hw` mycvifvBRvi nZvg..Õ ÔAvwg hw` e¨e¯’vcK nZvg..Õ

†kvfb Kg© cwi‡e‡ki ¸iæZ¡ Ges djvdj

‡kvfb KvR wbwðZ Kivi D‡`¨vM mgy‡ni AM«MwZ cwigvc myPKt

1| Kg©ms¯’v‡bi wK cwigvY my‡hvM m…wó n‡q‡Q

Av‡jvP¨ welq cÖwµqv

g~j Awa‡ekb : cÖwkÿY g~j¨vqb

Av‡jvP¨ welq cÖwµqv

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