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Visual Cortex Primary Auditory Cortex Olfactory Cortex

The document discusses the organization of the brain and memory systems. It describes how sensory input is processed in different cortical areas based on modality, with feature extraction occurring in primary sensory areas and association regions. It also outlines the limbic system, noting the hippocampus is essential for memory functions like transferring memories from short to long term storage and spatial memory. Finally, it identifies three types of memory - episodic, semantic, and procedural - and their associated brain regions.

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Michelle Bincolado
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68 views

Visual Cortex Primary Auditory Cortex Olfactory Cortex

The document discusses the organization of the brain and memory systems. It describes how sensory input is processed in different cortical areas based on modality, with feature extraction occurring in primary sensory areas and association regions. It also outlines the limbic system, noting the hippocampus is essential for memory functions like transferring memories from short to long term storage and spatial memory. Finally, it identifies three types of memory - episodic, semantic, and procedural - and their associated brain regions.

Uploaded by

Michelle Bincolado
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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 Within each lobe, cortical areas are associated with specific functions, such as the sensory, motor

and association regions. Sensory input is integrated with external drivers, memories and external
stimuli in the association regions.
visual cortex  occipital and inferior temporal lobe
primary auditory cortex  posterior temporal lobe
olfactory cortex  frontal lobe and limbic system

 Feature extraction is the quintessential role of sensory systems. It involves filtering out of information
that the brain deems unimportant. Feature extraction occurs in two steps; [1] transform physical stimuli
into neural activity in the primary sense organs and [2] refine and narrow the neural activity series of
higher cortical processing areas.

 Deep inside the medial temporal lobe is the region of the brain known as the limbic system, which
includes the hippocampus, amygdala, cingulate gyrus, thalamus, hypothalamus, and other organs,
many of which are of particular relevance to memory processing.

B. PARTS OF THE BRAIN AND MEMORY SYSTEMS

 The hippocampus is essential for memory function, particularly the transference from short to long
term memory and control of spatial memory and behavior. There are three types of memory: episodic,
semantic and procedural and these are associated with certain parts of the brain.

Table 1. Types of memory.

Memory system Major organs Type of awareness Example


 medial temporal lobe  remembering a short story,
Episodic  mammillary body explicit; declarative  what you had dinner for last night,
 prefrontal cortex  what you did on your last birthday
 knowing who was the first
Semantic  inferolateral temporal lobe explicit; declarative
president of the country
 explicit: driving a car with
 basal ganglia standard transmission
explicit or implicit,
Procedural  cerebellum  implicit: learning the sequence of
nondeclarative
 supplementary motor area numbers on a touch tone phone
without trying

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