Advance Biology
Advance Biology
Advance Biology
Fasciola hepatica
Presented to
By
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Table of Content
1. Executive
Summary(BLUF)..................................................................................................3
2.Situation…………………….…………………...….…….……..…….....……….....4-8
2.1 Organism………………………..………………………….....…………...4-8
2.1.1 Life cycle…………………………………………........…….......4
2.2 Area………………...……………………………...……….....…………....6
2.3 Situation………………………….…………………………......…..………6
2.4Health…………………………...…………………………….....…..………8
3.Constraint/Restraint…………………….…………………………….....…...……...8
4. Response Procedure………………………………….…………….....……..…….9-15
4.1 Care for Sick…………………………………………………......………...9
4.2 Care for Abnormal People…………..……………………….......……….9
4.3 Crowdfunding………………………………………………….....…..…….10
4.4 Law………………………………………………………….....……..……..10
4.5 Projection……………………..…………………………….....…..…...…..11-12
4.6 Cost…………………………………………………..….….....……......…..13-14
4.6.1 Comparing Cost Now and Cost Delay……….....…….....…….15
5. Prevention Steps………………..…………………………………........…..………15
6. Conclusion………………...……………………………………….....…..………….16
7. Source……………………………………………………………….....……...……...17
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1. Executive Summary (BLUF)
- This is a medical response report for the outbreak infection that had occurred in
the northern part of Thailand. Symptoms that indicate an infection include, fever,
diarrhea, nausea, loss of appetite were common among the 202 who were
infected, if left untreated could be fatal with currently 34 fatal cases had been
recorded . The towns in the area were interconnected and there are no mass
transits between them, the infection might be caused from polluted regions near
the area that they live. The area is also populated with mammals, reptiles and
other species of animals. People in the area usually get their food and resources
from forest, livestock and river. The situation had been concluded as an outbreak
of Fasciola hepatica. This plan will include the current situation of the outbreak,
prevention steps and response procedures that will help in recovering the
townsfolk to full health and potentially eliminate any more outbreak in the future.
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2. Situation
2.1 Organism
- The life cycle begins when a female lays eggs in the liver of the infected
human and gets taken out by the feces. If it lands on the water, it will
hatch into larvae called miracidia. These larvae then invade aquatic snails
and develop until they have a large tail. Then it swims to aquatic
vegetation and forms a cyst called metacercaria. If the human eats the
vegetation with the cyst, the parasite will enter the human body and
penetrates the intestinal wall and makes its way to the liver where it
develops into an adult and the cycle continues.
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Life Cycle
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2.2 Area
- Flora/Fauna
● Flora: Forest, Trees
● Fauna: Rats, Dogs, Mice, Bats, Snakes, Skinks, Snails, Freshwater Fish,
Mollusk
- Population
● Towns are interconnected with each other and have a total of 10,000
people.
- Diet
● Animals from the forest and rivers
- Local Economy
● Almost one-third of the population raises animal as a source of income
● Meats from livestock were exported to major cities
2.3 Situation
- Initial Condition
- At present, there are 202 known cases that have resulted in 34
deaths. the actual number of people infected may be much higher.
- Spread Potential
- If we intervene now, you predict that you can slow the rate of
infections by an average of 15 cases per month until 0 new cases;
but if we wait 3 months, we predict that you can slow the rate of
infections by 10 cases. per month. If we don’t do anything, the
infection rate will continue to rise.
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2.4 Health
- Signs/Symptoms:
- Abdominal pain
- Fever
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Hives
- Malaise
- Decreased appetite and weight loss
- Prognosis (long term):
- Chronic infection, including right upper quadrant pain, loss of
appetite
and weight loss.
- long-lasting chronic inflammation of the bile ducts, resulting in
severe
symptoms and serious illness.
- if left untreated, infections may persist for up to 25–30 years.
Constraints
Restrains
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4. Response Procedures
Some people don’t want to meet a doctor because they care about their
money. So in this case, we will announce that it is free to cure a patient in the
case that they had a symptom. This could make sure that most of the citizens will
be checked.
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4.3 Crowd Refunding(Ask for money)
Immediately proposing a charity or donation from major cities to help fund
the hospital to make the hospital more reliable and have the resources to treat
patients. The charity might hold an event like running the marathon or selling
goods and the money earned will be sent to the hospital.
4.4 Law
If the patients increase rapidly, the medical team would immediately
announce the warning to society. People should stop eating food that could
spread the fluke like aquatic plants or raw fish. In the case that people don’t listen
to the announcement, they would get punishment by paying 1000 Baht or
impermanent lock away. If they were captured or reported with efficient evidence.
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4.5 Projection
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4.6 Cost
Cost Now
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Cost (Delay)
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4.6.1 Comparing cost now and cost delay.
The factor that differentiate between now and delay is time. The money that is
used for a patiences in delay is higher than now responding. The delay responding
shows a long term infection, long time means more people are infected. On the other
hand, the now responding show that lower cost was used to cure patiences.
5. Prevention Steps
- Convince people to eat fully cooked water plant products by creating a campaign.
We will create a new academy for providing any beneficial information to citizens.
We will use this center to inform people in the nearby area. People will have long
term awareness.
- Inform people to avoid eating plants grown in areas where herbivorous mammals
(especially sheep) are found.
- Build a closed system farm for water plants to be able to control the quality of the
plants. How are we going to build up this system? We will ask for the supplement
(every material and staff). Engineers will help society to build a system in our
area.
- Bring experts to teach 10,000 people how to build a water filter system
throughout all households for people to be able to access clean water.
- Educate people on what are these parasites and how to avoid them as
mentioned above by bringing in experts and lecturers.
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6. Conclusion
The common liver fluke is a parasite which is found in the freshwater area. When
an organism drinks the water or eats the aquatic plants in that area. The parasite would
enter the body and stop to feed and reproduce at the liver.
The people should be aware that eating raw aquatic plants could lead to an
infection. If you are infected by the common liver fluke parasite would transport to your
liver causing abdominal pain, fever, nausea, etc. Tylenol will relieve some of the pain
and headaches. There will be experts to educate 10,000 people to understand the life
cycle of the parasite and to understand how the parasite affects your body. We will
cover all of the hospital bills for the patients who were infected with the parasite. If this
plan is operated, the number of people infected will decrease by 15 each month. If this
plan is delayed, the number of the infected would increase and the number of cases
would decrease by 10 each month.
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Source
1. https://www.healthline.com/health/liver-fluke#symptoms-and-side-effects
2. https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/liver_flukes/index.html
3. https://www.scops.org.uk/internal-parasites/liver-fluke/lifecycle/
4. https://reproductive17.weebly.com/common-liver-fluke.html
5. http://www.wormboss.com.au/sheep-goats/worms/flukes/liver-fluke.php
6. https://www.drugs.com/dosage/ibuprofen.html
7. https://www.medscape.com/answers/820200-27207/what-are-the-recommended-
maximum-daily-dosages-of-acetaminophen-in-adults-and-children
8. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KaZwZ3LKC-A
9. https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/understanding-diarrhea-treatment#1
10. https://www.emedicinehealth.com/diarrhea/article_em.htm
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