The General Problem-Solving Process: IENG 301 Fundamentals of Work Study and Ergonomics

THE GENERAL PROBLEM-
SOLVING PROCESS
IENG 301
FUNDAMENTALS OF
WORK STUDY AND
ERGONOMICS
1
GENERAL PROBLEM
SOLVING PROCESS
Methods design, is a form of creative

problem solving.
The following five steps, of the general
problem solving process, are useful in the
logical and systematic approach to solving
almost any problem.
1. Problem definition
2. Analysis of problem
3. Search for possible solutions
4. Evaluation of alternatives
5. Recommendation for action.
2
1. Problem Definition
Problem Definition-Statement of purpose, goal or
objective-Formulation of the problem
a- Criteria-Means of judging successful solution of problem

b- Output requirements:
1. Maximum daily output
2. Seasonal variations
3. Annual volume
4. Expected life of product, shape of volume growth
and decline curve
c- Completion date and time available:
1. to design,
2. to install and try out facilities,
3. to bring output up to full production
3
2. Analysis of the Problem
(No evaluation is to be made at this step)
1. Specifications or constraints, including any limits on original capital

expenditures
2. Description of present method if operation is now in effect. This might include:
a) Process charts,
b) Flow diagrams,
c) Trip frequence diagrams,
d) Man and machine charts,
e) Operation charts, and
f) Simo charts.
3. Determination of activities that man probably can do best and those that the
machine can do best and man-machine relationships.
4. Re-examination of problems and determination of subproblems.
5. Re-examination of criteria.
Notes:
• Evaluation of the facts should not be made during the analysis stage.
• Critical judgment should be deferred until later in the problem-solving
process. 4
3. Search for Possible Solutions
The basic objective of course is to find the preferred
solution that will meet the criteria and the
specifications that have been established.
This suggests that several alternative solutions be
found and then the preferred solution can be selected
from these.
Note:
It is wise to take a broad and idealistic view in
considering possible solutions to the problem.
5
4. Evaluation of Alternatives
We may have accumulated a large number of ideas bearing on the
problem. Some of these can be eliminated rather quickly and the
remaining solutions can be considered more carefully.
An examination can be made to determine to what extent each solution
meets the criteria and conforms to the original specifications.
It frequently is desirable to select three solutions:
1) The ideal solution,
2) the one that is preferred for immediate use, and
3) possibly another that might be used at some future time or
under different condition.
The evaluation of the preferred solution requires careful consideration of

future difficulties that might be encountered, such as time and cost to
maintain and repair the equipment, the adjustment to widely varying
sizes or product mix, etc>.
The recommended solution may be the one that is most likely to be
accepted and put into effect rather than the ideal solution.
6
5. Recommendation for Action
In many cases, the person who solves the problem is not the one
who will either use the recommended solution or give final
approval for its adoption. Therefore, after the preferred solution
has been found, it must be communicated to other persons.
The most common form of communication is the written or oral

report.
In some cases, a formal and carefully prepared presentation is

needed, including the use of charts, diagrams, photographs,
three-dimentional models, or working models.
In any event, the presentation should be made in a logical and

straitforward manner. It should be easy to follow and to
understand. The source of all facts should be indicated, and any
assumptions should be clearly stated. 7
5. Recommendation for Action
A concise written summary should be a part of every report.
In the industrial situation, the complete cycle might include a
follow-up to ensure that the proposed solution has actually been
put into effect. Then an audit or a check from time to time might
be made to determine what difficulties were being encountered
and to evaluate the over-all results of the installation.
It is desirable to know whether the actual operating method is
producing the results claimed for it in the proposal.
To continue further, a re-evaluation or restudy of the method
might be made with the purpose of finding further possibilities for
improvement, and so the problem-solving cycle would be
repeated.
In most business and industrial operations there is no final
solution to a problem. A given solution may be put into effect and
used until a better one can be found. 8

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THE GENERAL PROBLEM-

Methods design, is a form of creative

a- Criteria-Means of judging successful solution of problem

1. Specifications or constraints, including any limits on original capital

The evaluation of the preferred solution requires careful consideration of

The most common form of communication is the written or oral

In some cases, a formal and carefully prepared presentation is

In any event, the presentation should be made in a logical and

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