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Reactor Design II-Fourth Year DR - Ali N.Khalaf: Chemical Engineering Department - University of Basrah

This document contains examples and homework problems related to reactor design for chemical reactions. It discusses batch and continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTRs) as well as plug flow reactors (PFRs). Sample problems cover topics like determining yields, conversions, and reactor sizing for various reaction schemes and conditions. Homework problems ask students to size and analyze reactors for given kinetic models and design specifications.

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KORAMA KIEN
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© © All Rights Reserved
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314 views

Reactor Design II-Fourth Year DR - Ali N.Khalaf: Chemical Engineering Department - University of Basrah

This document contains examples and homework problems related to reactor design for chemical reactions. It discusses batch and continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTRs) as well as plug flow reactors (PFRs). Sample problems cover topics like determining yields, conversions, and reactor sizing for various reaction schemes and conditions. Homework problems ask students to size and analyze reactors for given kinetic models and design specifications.

Uploaded by

KORAMA KIEN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Reactor Design II- Fourth Year

Dr.Ali N.Khalaf

31 Chemical Engineering Department- University of Basrah


Reactor Design II- Fourth Year
Dr.Ali N.Khalaf

Example 8:
For the following reactions

32 Chemical Engineering Department- University of Basrah


Reactor Design II- Fourth Year
Dr.Ali N.Khalaf

Example 9:
A well-mixed batch reactor is used for performing the isothermal liquid phase
reaction.

Each reaction step is first order with respect to reactant A and the initial concentration of A
is 1.0 kmol/m3.
(1) Determine the yield of B with respect to A for any given initial concentration.
(2) Determine the time required to achieve a 60% conversion of A to B or C.

Solution:
Part 1

33 Chemical Engineering Department- University of Basrah


Reactor Design II- Fourth Year
Dr.Ali N.Khalaf

Integrating Equation 5-280 between the boundary conditions t = 0, C A = CAO and


t = t, CA = CA gives

Substituting Equation 5-283 into Equation 5-281 gives

Integrating Equation 5-284 between the boundary conditions gives

The yield of B with respect to A is YB

Substituting the values of k1 and k2 in terms of time t gives the yield of B with respect
to A as

Part 2: The time required to achieve 60% conversion of A to B or C is

34 Chemical Engineering Department- University of Basrah


Reactor Design II- Fourth Year
Dr.Ali N.Khalaf

Example 10:
If a CSTR were used with CA = 1 mol/L and CD= 1 mol/L, at what temperature should
the reactor be operated?

Solution:

35 Chemical Engineering Department- University of Basrah


Reactor Design II- Fourth Year
Dr.Ali N.Khalaf

Plot SD/(U1+U2) vs temperature to find the temperature that maximizes SD/(U1+U2

Example 11:
Calculate the yield of forming B in a CSTR and PFR when the conversion of A is 90%
and CA0 = 4 mol/L. The following reactions occur in the reactor:

Solution:

36 Chemical Engineering Department- University of Basrah


Reactor Design II- Fourth Year
Dr.Ali N.Khalaf

37 Chemical Engineering Department- University of Basrah


Reactor Design II- Fourth Year
Dr.Ali N.Khalaf

38 Chemical Engineering Department- University of Basrah


Reactor Design II- Fourth Year
Dr.Ali N.Khalaf

Homework Problems:
1- We wish to produce a product B from a reactant A in a PFR with V= 4 l/min and
CA0= 2 mol/l. However, another reaction is also occurring, forming an undesired
product C. (Both reactions are irreversible, 1storder, with k B= 0.5 min-1and kC= 0.1
min-1).
(a)Assuming a series reaction A → B → C, calculate the maximum achievable yield
of B, as well as the necessary reactor volume.
(b)Assuming parallel reactions A → B and →C, calculate the reactor volume
necessary to achieve the same conversion of A as in (a).What is the yield of B in this
case?
Procedure:
(a) Calculate τopt, from there CB (τopt) and CA (τopt). From these you obtain SB,max and
XA,max.
(b) Calculate τ(XA=0.865), from there: V = 13.36 l l. With τfrom the equation for CB
in a PFR/series reactions

2- Reaction in a certain liquid-phase system can be represented kinetically by:

Reaction is carried out in a CSTR with a large excess of B, and it is desired to


achieve a maximum concentration of C in the exit stream. For certain (nonkinetics)
reasons, it is desirable to operate either at 31°C or at 77°C. Assume E1/R = 10000 K,
E2/R = 10700 K, and A1 = A2.
(a) Which temperature should be used to obtain the largest concentration of C? Justify
your answer without doing detailed calculations.
(b)For operation at 31°C (not necessarily the better value), calculate the maximum
yield of C that can be obtained.

39 Chemical Engineering Department- University of Basrah


Reactor Design II- Fourth Year
Dr.Ali N.Khalaf

(c) If CBo = 5 mol L-l, υ= 7 L/sec, k1 = 0.025 sec-1 at 3loC, calculate (i) the size (V/L)
of reactor required and (ii) the conversion of A at 31°C.
3- A network of ideal-gas-phase reactions is to be conducted in an isothermal,
isobaric PFR

4- The reaction is carried out in a batch reactor in which there is pure A initially

5- Consider the following system of gas-phase reactions:

40 Chemical Engineering Department- University of Basrah


Reactor Design II- Fourth Year
Dr.Ali N.Khalaf

B is the desired product, and X and Y are foul pollutants that are expensive to get rid
of. The specific reaction rates are at 27°C. The reaction system is to be operated at
27°C and 4 atm. Pure A enters the system at a volumetric flow rate of 10 dm3/min.

(a) Sketch the instantaneous selectivities (SB/X, SB/Y• and SB/XY =rB/(rx+ry))as a
function of the concentration of CA.
(b) Consider a series of reactors. What should be the volume of the first reactor?
(c) What are the effluent concentrations of A, B, X, and Y from the first reactor?
(d) What is the conversion of A in the first reactor?
(e) If 99% conversion of A is desired, what reaction scheme and reactor sizes should
you use to maximize SB/XY?
(f) Suppose that E1 = 20000 cal/mol, E2 = 10000 cal/mol, and E3 = 30,000 cal/mol.
What temperature would you recommend for a single CSTR with a space time of 10
min and an entering concentration of A of 0.1 mol/dm3?
(g) If you could vary the pressure between l and I 00 atm, what pressure would you
choose?

41 Chemical Engineering Department- University of Basrah

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