“Año De La Universalización De La Salud”

Hotel management

INGLES TECNICO

TOPIC: EMERGENCY PLAN

SEMESTER: VI.
TEACHER: Luis Vera Rebollar
MEMBERS:
 Centeno Huillcacuri Rossy Rosmery.
 Cjumo Huari Mercedes.
 Condori Ccoa Maria Elena.
 Pereira Alejos Selmi.
 Roca Suca Yhofre.

CUSCO
2020
PRESENTATION

The present work focuses on the development of evacuation in case of fires of the Hotel. In this
sense, it is relevant to highlight the importance of how to act in the event of a fire in a hotel
establishment.
Índice
1 FIRE 3
2 THE FIRE 3
2.1 Fire Triangle: 3
3 TYPES OF DETECTORS. 4
3.1 Automatic detection systems. 4
4 CAUSES OF FIRE 4
5 FIRE PREVENTION: 5
6 RECOMMENDATIONS ON THE USE OF THE FIRE EXTINGUISHER: 6
7 TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS AND CHARACTERISTICS 6
7.1 Why is fire extinguisher maintenance so important? 7
8 WHAT IS THE NFPA? 7
9 REQUIREMENTS TO BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT 7
10 RULES OF ACTION IN CASE OF FIRE AND / OR EVACUATION 8
11 RISKS THAT MAY OCCUR AT THE HOTEL 10
12 IN THE FIRE 11
13 PREVIOUS CONSIDERATIONS 11
14 PERFORMANCE 12
1 FIRE
The risk of fire is perhaps the most serious emergency that can occur in the hotel sector, due to
the high concentration of people in the establishments, many of whom are sporadic customers
who are unaware of the existing means of protection and evacuation. For all these reasons, hotel
professionals must not only know the basic rules of action at the time of a fire, but also how to
help other people present in the establishment.

2 THE FIRE
Fire is a chemical reaction that we call combustion, which is characterized by the emission of
heat, accompanied by smoke, flames, or both.

2.1 Fire Triangle:

The fire triangle is a model that describes the three elements
necessary to generate a fire outbreak, when these factors are
combine in the right proportion, the fire is triggered. Moreover, it is
Likewise, it is possible to prevent or attack a fire by eliminating one of them:

Without enough heat, fire can neither start nor spread. Can
eliminated by adding water, or gases (Coca-Cola, Pepsi, etc.), sand or earth.
Without the combustible material the fire stops. Can be removed
naturally removing all the material that is near the edge, This aspect
it is very important in the extinction of fire outbreaks
By removing the oxygen from the cone it prevents the fire from starting and spreading.
3 TYPES OF DETECTORS.
3.1 Automatic detection systems.
The fixed fire detection installations allow the automatic detection and location of the fire, as
well as the automatic start-up of those sequences of the alarm plan incorporated into the
detection center.
Normally, the control panel is supervised by a security guard at a control post, although it can
be programmed to act automatically if this surveillance does not exist.
The system must have operational security and must therefore be self-monitoring. In addition, a
correct installation must have a certain capacity to change.

4 CAUSES OF FIRE
The main measure to PREVENT FIRE is to adequately control heat sources.
 ELECTRICAL:
Short circuits due to worn cables, broken plugs, etc.
Recharged lines, which are overheated by excessive connected electrical devices and / or by a
large number of branches in the lines, without taking into account the installed electrical
capacity.
Poor maintenance of electrical equipment.
 CIGARETTES AND MATCHES:
Smoking in the workplace has been the cause of many fires.
SMOKING IS FORBIDDEN in all areas of the establishment.
Signage is very important. Do not think that "NO SMOKING" is implied. Many people smoke
because there is no "sign" that prohibits it.
Having adequate signage serves as a weapon for non-smokers to enforce this standard.
 FLAMMABLE / FUEL LIQUIDS:
Improper handling and ignorance of some important properties of them are the cause of many
fires.
Flammable products under certain conditions have a high explosive power. Many times they are
stored in any container and anywhere, due to a great carelessness in their use.
Gasolines and light solvents vaporize at any ambient temperature, and their vapors ignite easily.
Light vapors travel anywhere; if they come into contact with an ignition source, they may ignite
or explode.
Other liquids such as insecticides, diluents, etc., represent the same risk of not being careful in
their use and storage.
 LACK OF ORDER AND CLEANLINESS:
Another cause of fires at work is the accumulation of industrial waste, and the placement of
cleaning rags, impregnated with oils, hydrocarbons, or greases, anywhere. The typical cases are:
Leave rags with oils, hydrocarbons, or fats anywhere, and not in a closed metal container with a
lid.
Allow industrial waste, agricultural by-products, weeds, etc., to accumulate in the work area.
Allowing clutter and lack of cleanliness in the work area.
 FRICTION:
The moving parts of the machines produce heat by friction or friction. When lubrication is not
controlled, the heat generated leads to fires. Heat generated by bearings, belts, and power tools
for grinding, drilling, sanding, as well as out-of-alignment machine parts are causes of fires.
 HOT SURFACES:

 Heat escaping from high temperature steam and water pipes, smoke pipes, furnaces, boilers,
heat processes, etc., are a common cause of industrial fires. The temperature at which a surface
can become an ignition source varies according to the nature of the fuel products.
 OPEN FLAMES:

 Open flames are a constant source of ignition, and a threat to the safety of the industry. This
cause of fires is mainly associated with industrial equipment that produces heat, and portable
burners, the latter being especially dangerous, because they are carried from one place to
another and do not have a fixed position. In addition, the terrible handling and maintenance that
operators give to these equipment must be considered.
 COMBUSTION SPARKS:

 In many industries combustion sparks and embers that come from incinerated waste fires,
smelting furnaces, and open fireplaces are still allowed to escape. Some of these sparks ignite
dry grass, trash accumulations, sheds, or material deposits in patios, combustible roofs, or their
structures.
 STATIC ELECTRICITY:

 Many industrial operations generate static electricity. When there are no ground connections,
and the relative humidity of the air is low (less than 40%), it is discharged in the form of sparks,
which, upon contact with flammable gases or vapors, or other combustible materials, generate a
fire, or an explosion. Transferring a flammable liquid to containers that are not grounded is
extremely dangerous, since a fire or explosion can be generated at any time.

5 FIRE PREVENTION:
All fires can and should be avoided. The human and material damage that a fire leaves, makes it
necessary to think about its prevention
Remember the "Fire Triangle". Fire prevention is based on preventing the three elements that
make it up: fuel, heat and oxygen.
Detectors are the elements that detect fire through any of the accompanying phenomena: gases,
fumes, temperatures or ultraviolet, visible or infrared radiation.
According to the phenomenon they detect, they are called:
1. Combustion gas detectors: they detect combustion gases, that is, visible or invisible fumes.
2. Optical smoke detectors: they detect visible smoke.
3. Temperature detectors: there are two basic types.
 Fixed temperature (or maximum temperature): fixed temperature are the oldest detectors and
act when a certain temperature is reached.
 Thermo speedometer: they measure the speed of temperature growth.
4. Flame detector: they detect infrared or ultraviolet radiation that accompany flames.

6 RECOMMENDATIONS ON THE USE OF THE FIRE EXTINGUISHER:

- The extinguisher is an auxiliary in the field of fires. We can find several classes on the market,
such as type A, BC, which is based on chemical dust and is the most commercial. It is used for
most fires (paper, wood, plastic, petroleum-based materials, and short circuit), there are others
such as pressure with water and liquid nitrogen. Shake the fire extinguisher container weekly so
that the product does not compact.
- Reminder, once the extinguisher is used, all the
content (Cannot save the rest).

7 TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Taking this categorization into account, we can better understand the types of existing fire
extinguishers and their particular characteristics:

 Water extinguishers: they are appropriate to extinguish type A fires, that is, all those
produced by the combustion of solid elements. The power of water as an extinguishing element
is due to its great capacity to absorb heat, thus reducing it faster than fire is capable of
regenerating. When using it, it is very important to check the environment and not to use it in
places where there is electricity or an electric current to avoid the risk of electrocution.
 Dust extinguishers: it is the most common and is indicated for types A, B and C. Given the
multiple applications of these extinguishers, they are a great protection for homes, offices and
businesses.
 C02 fire extinguishers: These types of fire extinguishers are suitable for type A, B and C
fires. Being a clean fire extinguisher, it is ideal for delicate machinery and electrical equipment.
However, it must be borne in mind that it is a chemical element and therefore, to avoid
poisoning, it is very important to leave the place immediately when the fire is extinguished.
 Extinguishers for special fires: these are the only ones that can be used to smother class D
fires. They generally act by suffocation and some also absorb heat acting by cooling at the same
time as by suffocation.

7.1 Why is fire extinguisher maintenance so important?

Fire extinguishers are a good fire prevention tool, but to ensure their effectiveness, it is
necessary to carry out proper maintenance and specific training is required for their use.

8 WHAT IS THE NFPA?

The NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) is an organization founded in the United
States in 1896, charged with creating and maintaining the minimum standards and requirements
for fire prevention, training, installation and use of fire protection means, used by both
firefighters. , such as by security personnel. Its standards known as National Fire Codes
recommend safe practices developed by expert fire control personnel.

9 REQUIREMENTS TO BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

 
• Automatic sprinklers: all hotels, without exception, have to be protected with automatic
sprinkler systems (NFPA). Sprinklers should be installed throughout the building, using quick
response sprinklers. Under specific limitations, sprinklers can be removed from bathrooms and
closets. A control unit for each sprinkler system should be installed for each floor of the hotel,
usually installed on an emergency ladder, which with the hose connections is part of the fire
water column. The laundry chute should also be protected with sprinklers.
• Hose Connections: NFPA also requires the installation of “connections” for hoses rather than
“cabinets equipped with hoses” in high-rise hotels (which is called a Class I Water Column).
The Class I System provides a column or post on the evacuation ladder, typically six inches
(152 mm) in diameter, loaded with pressurized water, with connections for 2-½ inch diameter
(64 mm) hoses, with a 1-½ inch (38 mm) hose reduction. It should be clear that NFPA does not
require the installation of cabinets with hoses in any hotel.
• Other extinguishing systems: NFPA recognizes the effectiveness of manual fire extinguishers
in incipient fires, and these are required use in all hotels. Kitchen hoods must be protected with
a wet chemical-based extinguishing system, certified in accordance with UL 300. The IT /
Computer room, as established by the corporate standards of hotel chains, must be protected
with automatic sprinklers. . Although not required, normally in Latin America these rooms are
protected with clean agents. It is important that if an operator voluntarily chooses to protect this
room with clean agents, automatic sprinklers are not removed from the room.
• Alarm system: all hotels require an alarm system that uses an emergency communication
system through a tone alarm, or in high-rise hotels through a voice alarm. This involves the
installation of push buttons and loudspeakers with alarm strobes, throughout the public areas of
the building, and speakers within the rooms.
• Paging system: the alarm, through voice messages, depends on the decision regarding the
evacuation method. For example, the evacuation can be by floors or total in the entire building.
In a high-rise building, it is preferable to evacuate the floor where the fire occurs, the top floor
and the bottom floor. In order to achieve this procedure, The alarm must have the possibility of
sending a specific voice evacuation message to the areas to be evacuated, and a notification
message to the areas that do not require immediate evacuation.
• Smoke detection: This area is confusing for almost all designers and is generally over-
designed. The protection required with smoke detectors is much more limited than is
conventionally believed. NFPA regulations only require smoke detection in the elevator lobby,
elevator room, and depending on the design of the air conditioning system, it is highly likely
that smoke detectors are required in the air ducts. In addition to the above, the guidelines of the
hotel chains require smoke detection in the internal corridors of the floors with rooms, the
electrical and mechanical rooms, neglected warehouses and computer rooms. Smoke detection
is not required in the lobby, assembly rooms, restaurants, back-of-the-house, and other public
areas. Additionally, the installation of smoke detection in the rooms using “smoke alarms” is
required, as explained below.
• Smoke Alarms: NFPA requires the installation of smoke alarms in each room or areas adjacent
to a suite. A "smoke alarm" is similar to a "smoke detector", but unlike the latter it is not
connected to the alarm panel. The smoke alarm is an individual detector (single station), which
is connected to an electrical source and includes a battery as secondary energy, which when
started initiates an internal low-frequency alarm, designed to wake up the occupants of the room
• CO Detectors: NFPA requires the installation of sound-based CO detectors in locations where
fuels are burned, such as kitchens, mechanical rooms, and rooms where there are gas fireplaces
or stoves.
• Stair Pressurization: Contrary to popular convention, deeply rooted in Latin American
building codes, NFPA does not require stair pressurization in any type of building, including
hotels. However, some hotel chains, such as Marriott and Starwood, require pressurization of
the stairs.
• Fire sectorization: another important issue is the definition of the type of construction the hotel
should have, where the area per floor is limited and the number of floors a building can have
depending on its type of construction. The fire partitioning of the room floors is of special
attention. There it is important to remember that each room has to be separated from other
rooms with one-hour fire resistance walls. The wall to the corridor must have at least ½ hour of
fire resistance and the door of the room must have a resistance of 20 minutes.
• Evacuation: evacuation is a complex issue and requires a specific study of the hotel, in which,
through evacuation studies, specific criteria are established for the design of evacuation routes
(location, quantity, width, distance) . NFPA requires that hotels be protected by an emergency
lighting system in their means of evacuation and signaling.
• Elevators: Because an elevator could stop on the fire floor or combustion products enter the
elevator shaft, NFPA requires that an elevator recall be initiated after the operation of smoke
detectors in the elevator lobbies, or in the elevator engine room. This is called Phase I
Emergency Recall Operation and allows elevators to automatically go out of normal service in a
fire and, through Phase II, to be available solely for firefighter operation.

10 RULES OF ACTION IN CASE OF FIRE AND / OR EVACUATION

1. If you discover a fire:
Quickly notify the concierge; they are ready to act.
If you don't have a phone nearby, activate an alarm button.
2. On hearing the alarm signal:
Know the evacuation routes and emergency exits
 Stop what you are doing, do not take anything and listen to the instructions of the center staff
(they will usually wear a photoluminescent vest). Leave the workplace in the best safety
conditions (closed gas installations, machines switched off, shut off valves). Leave orderly and
quickly, but do not run; the last one will close the doors that it goes through.
 Do not open hot or smoke doors
 Do not act on your own. Put yourself in charge of the center staff; they can
drive you safely outside. Just in case there is no staff directing the evacuation, follow the signs
that exist on each floor and that will lead you outside through the stairs.
 You must fully know the building, its evacuation routes and emergency exits.
 Do not use the elevator as an exit, it can stop between two floors or go to the fire floor and
stop there.
 If the staff with a photoluminescent vest needs you, put themselves at their service and help
them if you see yourself capable.
 Go down the stairs in a row and close to the wall, leaving free space for the rescue teams to
have access to the source of the accident.
 The personnel in charge of evacuating the building will make it their priority to evacuate,
first of all, the personnel from the plant where the incident occurs. Then those from the upper
floors will come out and finally those from the lower ones.
 Don't stop at the exit doors, and don't go back.
3. Think of others:
 Remember that disabled people may need your help. You should also be aware of those who
are close to you, a fall or the loss of glasses can momentarily incapacitate a person
4. If you are isolated in the building and the evacuation route is obstructed by smoke:
 Go to an alternative exit. Never try to go through the smoke if you are not completely sure of
reaching the exit.
 Advance on all fours if you are enveloped by smoke. The air near the ground is cleaner and
cooler.
 On your evacuation route, always duck and follow the wall, but do not touch it.
 If there is a lot of smoke in the hallway, or the door is hot, you should stay in the room or go
out the window if you are on a very low floor.
 If you can't get out the window, put wet towels at the bottom of the access door.
 If there is a phone line (or with your mobile), notify the hotel reception and the emergency
number (do not wait for another to do so).
 Hang a sheet or towel from the window to notify emergency services that there are
passengers in that room.
 If there is a fire extinguisher in the room, be prepared to use it.
 Fill the bathtub with water. Use it to keep towels under the door always damp. Use the trash
can to keep the door and handle wet.
 Remember that smoke is very dangerous. You can prepare a basic mask to protect your
mouth and nose with a towel or some wet clothing.
 If you see fire or smoke on the outside of the bedroom window: close the windows, tear off
the curtains, and keep flammable objects away from the window.
 Waits for help from the emergency services, keeping calm.
5. If the exit is very dangerous due to fire and smoke:
 Find a room with a window to the outside and close the door. Signal from the window to the
fire department. If there is a phone in the room, inform the concierge of your exact situation,
even if they have seen you signal.
6. If you can't leave the room and it starts filling up with smoke:
 Cover all the cracks where the smoke enters, if you can with something wet, and signal from
the window to the rescue group. If necessary, open the windows slightly to allow fresh air to
enter. Caution, open windows can create drafts that will fuel the fire.
7. Once outside: Go to the meeting point indicated by the personnel in charge.
 Group up with whoever you were before the evacuation to check that no one is missing.
 Stay there until firefighters or authorized personnel indicate that it is safe to re-enter.

11 RISKS THAT MAY OCCUR AT THE HOTEL

Due to the structure and construction material of the hotel in case of fire, the evacuation has
been estimated in 07 minutes. If it was a declared fire, the evacuation time of the rooms has
been estimated at less than 05 minutes-

Threats:
• Fires
• Earthquakes
• Huaycos
Resources:
• Telephone 02
 • Human Resource 06
• Fire extinguisher 01
• First aid kit 01
Vulnerabilities:
• Hotel structure.
• An entrance, an exit.
• Lack of staff training.
• Construction materials.
• Lack of signage

12 IN THE FIRE
ACCION RESPONSABLE

• Activación de la alarma para evacuar a Conserje

los huéspedes y personal del hotel.

• Comunicación con otras instituciones Recepción

de primera respuesta, si fuera
necesario
• Evacuación de los huéspedes del
sector donde se dé el incendio.
Coordinar el traslado de huéspedes y
personal del hotel a lugares seguros.
• Atención de primeros Auxilios en la
emergencia.

13 PREVIOUS CONSIDERATIONS
This emergency plan defines the following operational measures for the correct maintenance of
the work areas dedicated to fighting fire and evacuating the work center, such as:
- Review of the extinguishing media. - Signaling and accessibility of fire extinguishers. - Keep
evacuation routes clear: corridors, doors, stairs, etc. - Keep work areas in perfect cleaning
conditions. - Communicate to your immediate superior any anomaly in the means of fire
protection or any risk of fire.
14 PERFORMANCE