Welcome to:

Nettur Technical Training Foundation

1.0 SAFETY
“We Build Skills that Shape our Nation”

Prepared by Mr. Jaimin E J 1

Safety

1.1 Introduction to Basic Concepts

1.2 Shop floor Safety

1.3 Electrical Safety

1.4 Fire Safety

1.5 Personal protective Equipment's

1.6 Prevention and Control of Accidents

1.7 Recording and Investigating Accidents

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 1.1 Safety - Introduction
Easy way to define a safety is Free
from Accident Or Zero Accident
Safety reduces the chances of
accidents or injury happening.
Improved productivity - A safe work
environment with adequate safeguards
promote an employee to focus on their
works instead of the danger or
hazard.
Safety reduces injury thereby
decreasing lost work hours
1.2 Shop Floor Safety
Be sure that all machines have effective
and properly working guards that are
always in place when machines are
operating.

Replace guards immediately

after any repairs.
1.2 Shop Floor Safety
 Do not attempt to oil, clean, adjust
or repair any machine while it is
running. Stop the machine and
lock the power switch in the "Off"
position.

 Do not operate any machine

unless authorized to do so by
the teacher, or under his
supervision
1.2 Shop Floor Safety
Even after the power is off; do
not leave the machine until it
has stopped running. Some one
else may not notice that it is
still in motion and be injured.

Do not try to stop the machine

with your hands or body.
1.2 Shop Floor Safety
Always see that work and cutting tools
on any machine are clamped securely
before starting.

Keep the floor clear of waste pieces. Put

them in the container provided for such
things. Scraps are tripping hazards.
1.3 Electrical Safety
 Electrical safety is a system of organizational
measures and technical means to prevent
harmful and dangerous effects on workers
from electric current, electric arc,
electromagnetic field and static electricity
 Electrically powered equipment can pose a
significant hazard to workers, particularly when
mishandled or not maintained.
 Many electrical devices have high voltage or high
power requirements, carrying even more risk.
 The major hazards associated with electricity are
electrical shock, fire accidents, blasting and
burns
1.3 Electrical Safety

 Electrical shock occurs when the body becomes

part of the electric circuit, either when an
individual comes in contact with both wires of an
electrical circuit, one wire of an energized circuit
and the ground, or a metallic part that has become
energized by contact with an electrical conductor.

 Wiring and electrical systems such as sockets,

panels, motors, fuse boxes and transformers that
are not well maintained can overheat and become
a fire hazard
1.3 Electrical Safety

Electrical Safety Rules

 Unplug electrical equipment by grasping the plug and pulling.
 Do not pull or jerk the cord to unplug the equipment.
 Do not drop power cords over hot pipes, radiators or sharp
objects.
 Extension cords should not be used in office areas. Generally,
extension cords should be limited to use by maintenance personnel
 Should know the location of electrical circuit breaker panels that
control equipment and lighting in their respective areas

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1.3 Electrical Safety
Electrical Safety Rules
 Temporary or permanent storage of any materials must not be
allowed within 3 feet of any electrical panel or electrical
equipment.
 Any electrical equipment causing shocks or with high leakage
potential must be tagged with a Danger tag or equivalent

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1.4 Fire Safety
A set of practices intended to reduce the destruction caused
by fire
Fire safety measures include those that are intended to
prevent ignition of an uncontrolled fire, and those that are used
to limit the development and effects of a fire after it starts.
Fire safety measures include those that are planned during
the construction of a building or implemented in structures that
are already standing, and those that are taught to occupants of
the building.
Threats to fire safety are commonly referred to as fire hazards.
A fire hazard may include a situation that increases the chances
of a fire or may impede escape in the event a fire occurs
The goal of fire prevention is to educate the public to take
precautions to prevent potentially harmful fires, and be educated
about surviving them. It is a proactive method of
reducing emergencies and the damage caused by them
1.4 Fire Safety
A building code is a set of rules that specify the
standards for constructed objects such
as buildings and non-building structures.
Buildings must conform to the code to
obtain planning permission, usually from a local
council.
The main purpose of building codes is to
protect public health, safety and general welfare
as they relate to the construction and occupancy
of buildings and structures.
The building code becomes law of a particular
jurisdiction when formally enacted by the
appropriate governmental or private authority.
1.4 Fire Safety
Kitchen fires from unattended cooking
Electrical systems that are overloaded, poorly maintained or
defective
Combustible storage areas with insufficient protection
Candles and Smoking
Flammable liquids
Cooking appliances - stoves, ovens
Household appliances - clothes dryers, curling irons, hair dryers,
refrigerators, freezers, boilers
Chimneys that concentrate
Electrical wiring in poor condition
Leaking/ defective batteries
Personal ignition sources - matches, lighters
Electronic and electrical equipment
Exterior cooking equipment - barbecue
1.4 Fire Safety
Fire Extinguishers
A fire extinguisher is an active
fire protection device used to
extinguish or control small fires,
often in emergency situations.
It is not intended for use on an
out-of-control fire, such as one
which has reached the ceiling,
endangers the user
1.4 Fire Safety
Types of Fire
Ordinary combustibles such as wood, paper, cloth,
Class A
rubber, and many plastics.
Flammable liquids such as gasoline, petroleum
Class B greases, tars, oils, oil-based paints, solvents,
alcohols
Energized electrical equipment such as computers,
Class C
servers, motors, transformers, and appliances

Combustible metals such as magnesium, titanium,

Class D
zirconium, sodium, lithium, and potassium
Cooking oils and greases such as animal and
Class K
vegetable fats
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1.4 Fire Safety

Extinguish the fire by taking away the heat element of the fire triangle & also
Water and Foam separate the oxygen element from the other elements. Water extinguishers are for
Class A fires only

Taking away the oxygen element of the fire triangle and also be removing the heat
Carbon Dioxide
with a very cold discharge. Carbon dioxide can be used on Class B & C fires

Extinguish the fire primarily by interrupting the chemical reaction of the fire triangle.
Most widely used type of fire extinguisher is the multipurpose dry chemical that is
Dry Chemical
effective on Class A, B, and C fires. This agent also works by creating a barrier
between the oxygen element and the fuel element

Extinguishes the fire by removing the heat of the fire triangle and prevents re-
ignition by creating a barrier between the oxygen and fuel elements. Wet chemical
Wet Chemical of Class K extinguishers were developed for modern, high efficiency deep fat fryers
in commercial cooking operations. Some may also be used on Class A fires in
commercial kitchens.
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1.4 Fire Safety
Include the halon agents as well as the newer and less ozone
Halogenated depleting halocarbon agents. They extinguish the fire by
or Clean interrupting the chemical reaction and/or removing heat from
Agent the fire triangle. Clean agent extinguishers are effective on Class
A, B and C fires.
Extinguish the fire by separating the fuel from the oxygen
element or by removing the heat element of the fire triangle.
Dry Powder
This extinguishers are for Class D or combustible metal fires only.
They are ineffective on all other classes of fires.
Recent development that extinguish the fire by taking away the
heat element of the fire triangle. They are an alternative to the
Water Mist clean agent extinguishers where contamination is a concern.
Water mist extinguishers are primarily for Class A fires, although
they are safe for use on Class C fires as well
Cartridge Extinguish the fire primarily by interrupting the chemical reaction
Operated of the fire triangle. chemical is effective on Class A, B, and C fires.
Dry This agent also works by creating a barrier between the oxygen
Chemical element and the fuel element on Class A fires. 18
1.4 Fire Safety

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1.5 Personal Protective
Equipment's
PPE is equipment that will protect the user against health or safety risks
at work.
The hazards addressed by protective equipment include physical,
electrical, heat, chemicals, biohazards, and airborne particulate matter
Protective equipment may be worn for job-related occupational safety
and health purposes, as well as for sports and other recreational
activities
The purpose of personal protective equipment is to reduce employee
exposure to hazards when engineering controls and administrative
controls are not feasible or effective to reduce these risks to acceptable
levels.
PPE is needed when there are hazards present.
PPE has the serious limitation that it does not eliminate the hazard at
the source and may result in employees being exposed to the hazard if
the equipment fails

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1.5 Personal Protective
Equipment's

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1.5 Personal Protective
Equipment's
PPE APPLICATIONS REMARKS
Safety glasses or Goggles Eye Protection Guard against flying objects and dust.
Mask Lungs Protection Protect against dust, chemicals & vapor's

Ear muffs and Ear plugs Ear Protection Noise levels that exceed 85 dB
Hard hats and Helmet Head Protection Protect against impact
from falling, moving, flying objects
Gloves, finger guards Arm / Hand Fingers, hands, and
and sleeves Protection arms must be protected from exposure
to cuts,
scratches, bruises, burns, and chemicals
Apron Body Protection Protect the body from
chemical splashes.
Boots Leg Protection Protect against impact,
crushing injuries and punctures
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1.5 Personal Protective
Equipment's

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1.5 Personal Protective
Equipment's

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1.5 Personal Protective
Equipment's

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1.6 Prevention & Control of
Accidents
Causes of accidents
People not thinking about what they are doing
People not following instructions
People not following training they’ve been given
Unsafe manual handling, loading, stacking and storing
Overloading of working places
Incorrect use of plant and machinery
Use of faulty equipment with improvised repairs
Illegal removal of guards and barriers
Failure to use protective safety equipment
Ignoring safety signals, signs and warning devices
Rushing

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1.6 Prevention & Control of
Accidents
The cost of accidents to you
Pain, suffering and continuing disability
Loss of earnings and extra expense due to
disability
Incapacity for the job and your leisure
activities
Unable to support family and possible
family break – up

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1.6 Prevention & Control of
Accidents
Accident prevention
Don’t remove guards from machines
Don’t handle substances without knowing the hazards
Don’t use any machines if not trained and follow instructions
Always comply with safe working practices
Wear and use PPE correctly, don’t abuse it
Don’t direct compressed air at yourself or others, it kills
Never mess around while working
Never use defective equipment or machinery
Help to keep the workplace clean
Wash and dry hands to remove substances from skin
Report unsafe conditions to your supervisor
Use correct tools and equipment for the job
Obey all safety rules and signs
Don’t leave tools lying about where they can fall onto to someone
below
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1.7 Recording & Investigating
Accidents
The prime objective of accident investigation is
prevention.
Finding the causes of an accident and taking steps to
control or eliminate it can help prevent similar
accidents from happening in the future.
Accidents can rarely be attributed to a single cause.
Work environment, job constraints, and supervisory
or worker experience can all play a part.
These factors must be examined to determine what
role each had in causing the accident.
Once the causes are established, precautions must be
identified and implemented to prevent a recurrence.
Investigators must always keep in mind that effective
accident investigation means fact-finding, not fault-
finding.

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1.7 Recording & Investigating
Accidents
investigators must collect information on the
events that took place before and during the
event.
Investigators can then determine accident
conditions by examining physical evidence and
interviewing witnesses.
Both of these steps are of equal importance and
should be done as soon as possible to ensure
complete accident investigation.
Equally important is the need to document the
steps that were taken immediately after the
accident to deal with the emergency and to begin
the investigation.
It also identifies the forms to be used and the
procedures to be followed within specified time
frames.
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1.7 Recording & Investigating
Accidents
Reportable accidents
A worker falling a vertical distance of three meters or more.
A worker becoming unconscious for any reason.
Accidental contact by a worker or by a worker's tool or equipment
with energized electrical equipment, installations or conductors.
Accidental contact by a crane, similar hoisting device
Structural failure of a principal supporting member, including a
column, beam, wall of a structure.
Structural failure of all or part of an earth- or water-retaining
structure, including a failure of the temporary or permanent
supports for a shaft, tunnel, caisson, cofferdam or trench.
Failure of a wall of an excavation or of similar earthwork with
respect to which a professional engineer has given a written
opinion that the stability of the wall is such that no worker will be
endangered by it.
Overturning or the structural failure of all or part of a crane or
similar hoisting device.

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