Principii Constructive Si Functionale Ale Instalatiilor de Radioterapie Externa
Principii Constructive Si Functionale Ale Instalatiilor de Radioterapie Externa
Principii Constructive Si Functionale Ale Instalatiilor de Radioterapie Externa
V. Cernea
Wilhelm Conrad von Röntgen was born in Lennep, Germany, in 1845. He studied under Kundt in Zurich and was appointed professor of
physics at Giessen in 1879 and at Würzberg in 1888. In 1895, while investigating cathode rays, he noted a new ray of greater penetrating power
coming from the cathode tube. Röntgen announced his findings concerning the x-ray before the Würzberg Physical Society in 1895. He
received the first Nobel Prize for Physics in 1901. Röntgen died in 1923. He is shown in this photograph with physics instruments. (From
Glasser O. Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen and the early history of the Roentgen rays. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas, Publisher, Ltd., 1934, with
permission.)
Natural radioactivity was discovered by Becquerel, who was awarded the
Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 along with Marie and Pierre Curie "in
recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by they
Maltese cross
Aparate utilizate în
radioterapie
• Producătoare de radiaţii
– Simulatoare clasice
– CT de diagnostic adaptate
– Simulatoare CT
2. Co-60
3. Accelerator liniar
4. Gamma-knife
5. Cyber-knife
6. Tomoterapie
Radioterapia superficiala cu
Kilovoltaj
• 50 la 120kVp - calitati similare cu cele din
diagnosticul radiologic
• Penetrare redusa
Philips RT 100
• 150 - 400kV
• Doza in
profunzime
este dramatic
influentata
de DFP
DFP 6cm, DFP 30cm,
HVL 6.8mm Cu HVL 4.4mm Cu
• fascicolul X este
delimitat de
localizatoare
aflate in contact
direct cu pielea
pacientului
• Energie medie:
1.25MeV
– 2 linii la 1,17MeV
şi 1,33MeV
Montajul izocentric
• colimator
• gantry
• masa
• încapsulare dublă,
pentru evitarea
pierderilor de
material radioactiv
Caracteris?cile radiaţiei emise de Co-60
Schema de dezintegrare Co-60
Geometria fascicolului Co-60
• penumbra geometrică
(DE) este mare, datorită
diametrului sursei
(aprox. 2cm)
• formula de calcul:
DE – penumbra geometrică
AB – diametrul sursei
cele mai
folosite in
radioterapia
externa
Schiţa unui accelerator
Capul de iradiere
Pentru a permite operarea
cu multiple energii şi
modalitati capul de
iradiere este un complex
format din:
– diverse filtre de
omogenizare pentru
electroni si conuri
pentru fotoni
– camere monitor
– colimatoare simple
sau multilama
- colimatoare multilama
secundare
Capul de iradiere
Schiţa camerei de ionizare monitor
Siemens Varian
Comparaţie între imagine simulator şi
imagine portală
Gamma knife
201 surse de Cobalt, fascicole care
se focalizeaza intr-un singur punct
1968
The first prototype of Leksell Gamma
Knife® was installed in Stockholm, Sweden.
Leksell Gamma Knife® C
Frame Fixation
• Imobilizarea
pacientului
• Stabilirea
punctelor de
referinta
CYBERKNIFE SYSTEM
Targeting System
Linear
accelerator
X-ray sources
Synchrony™
camera
Image
detectors
Treatment couch
CyberKnife Accuracy ®
• Sub-millimeter accuracy
• Synchrony camera
constructie
similara cu un
aparat de tratament
imagini aanalogice
sau digitale ale
segmentului
anatomic de interes
reperajul zonei
tumorale bazat pe
repere anatomice
Rotating
gantry
Diagnostic
X-ray tube
Radiation beam
defining system
Moveable Lasers
Isocenter
Position