H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

H2 Further Mathematics
Complex Numbers
1 [ACJC\Prelim\P1\Q3]
The complex number z satisfies both the conditions
 3  4i 
z  6  8i  z  12  16i and arg    0.
 z  6  8i 
(i) Sketch the locus of the points representing the complex number z on an
Argand diagram. [3]
Hence, find the exact range of values of arg( z  6) . [2]

(ii) The complex number z1  a  8i , where a  , satisfies the equation

z  6  8i  z  12  16i . Find the value of a. [2]

(iii) The locus of points representing the complex number w with equation
w  b  r , where b is a fixed complex number and r is a real number,
passes through points  6,8  ,  a,8  and  9,12  . Find the area of the locus of
points which satisfy the inequality
wb  r . [2]
(i)

 3  4i 
arg    0  arg  z  (6  8i)   arg  3  4i 
 z  6  8i 
Im(z)
. B (12, 16)

M (9, 12)
5

A (6, 8) P (a, 8)

O (6,0) Re(z)

 12  π
tan 1    arg( z  6) 
 3 2

1
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

π
 tan 1 4  arg( z  6) 
2
(ii)
Method 1
Gradient of MP is  34 , so horizontal distance from M to P is 4  34  163 units.
Hence a  9  163  433  14 13

Method 2
Drop perpendicular from M to AP, with foot F. Triangles AFM and AMP are similar, and
AF = 3, AM = 5, so AP = 5  53   253 .
Hence a  6  253  433  14 13

(iii)

Since AMP  12 π , a circle passing through A, M and P has diameter AP = 25

3 units.
Hence the area is π  6 
25 2
 625
36 π units .
2

2 [ACJC\Prelim\P1\Q6]
Let
C  1  cos 2  cos 4  cos 6   cos 20 ,
S  sin 2  sin 4  sin 6   sin 20 .
sin11 i10
(i) Show that C  iS  e for all   nπ, n  . [3]
sin 

sin 21 1
(ii) Hence, show that cos 2  cos 4  cos 6   cos 20   . [3]
2sin 2

10
sin 21 cos  21cos 21
(iii) Deduce that  r sin 2r 
r 1 4sin 2

4sin
. [3]

(i)

2
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

C  iS  1  e2i  e 4i  e6i   e 20i



1 1   e 2i 
11

2i
1 e
1  e 22i

1  e2i
e11i  e 11i  e11i 

ei  e i  ei 
e10i cos  11   i sin  11   cos11  i sin11 

cos     i sin     cos   i sin 
e10i  2i sin11 

2i sin 
sin11 10i
 e
sin 
(ii)
cos 2  cos 4  cos 6   cos 20
 sin11 10i 
 Re  e  1
 sin  
  cos10  i sin10  sin11  
 Re   1
 sin  
sin11 cos10
 1
sin
sin 21  sin 
 1
2sin
sin 21 1
 
2sin 2
(iii)
Differentiate (ii) w.r.t  ,
2sin 2  4sin 4  6sin 6   20sin 20
21sin  cos 21  cos  sin 21

2sin 2
10
21cos 21 cos  sin 21
2 r sin 2r  
r 1 2sin 2sin 2
10
sin 21 cos  21cos 21
r 1
r sin 2r 
4sin 2

4sin

3
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

3 [AJC\Prelim\P1\Q1]
[Do not use a graphing calculator in answering this question.]
7

By considering the binomial expansion of  z   , where z  cos  isin  , express sin 7 

1
 z
in the form a sin   b sin 3  c sin 5  d sin 7 , where the real constants a, b, c and d are to
be found. [5]

If z = cos  + i sin , by De Moivre’s theorem, z 1 = cos   i sin .

Hence z  z 1 = 2i sin  and zn  zn = 2i sin n .
So  2i sin  7 =  z  z 1 7
 27 i sin 7  = .  z 7  z 7   7  z 5  z 5   21 z 3  z 3   35  z  z 1  .

Comparing imaginary parts, we have

27 sin 7  = 2sin 7  14sin 5  42sin 3  70sin 

35 21 7 1
 sin 7  = sin   sin 3  sin 5  sin 7
64 64 64 64

4 [AJC\Prelim\P1\Q5]
The complex number z can be expressed as e i where      .

(a) Given that z satisfies the equation z  1 = 1 , find the possible values of θ. [3]

(b) It is given, instead, that z satisfies the equation arg 1  z  z 2  ...  z n1   0 for some
positive integer n  2 and z ≠ 1. Determine the set of possible values of θ, giving your
answer in terms of n. [7]

(a)
y

z = e i z 1 = 1

1 1
O 1 x

From the Argand diagram, by considering the equilateral triangles, the

 
argument of z satisfying both given conditions is either or  .
3 3

Alternative method
ei  1 = 1   cos  1  i sin  = 1

4
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

  2sin 2  2   2i sin 2 cos 2 = 1

 2i sin 2 cos 2  i sin 2 = 1

 2sin 2  e i

 2
=1
 sin 2 =  12
 
2 =  6 since  2  2  2
  =  3
 zn 1 
(b) arg 1  z  z 2  ...  z n1   0  arg  0
 z 1 
 arg  z n  1  arg  z  1  0
 arg  z n  1  arg  z  1
Since the locus of P representing z is a circle of unit radius centred at the
origin, each point, other than the point (1,0), corresponds to a unique value of
arg  z  1 . Moreover, the point representing z n also lies on the same circle.
So arg  z n  1  arg  z  1 only if z n  z  z n1  1 (since z ≠ 0).

z n1  1 e n1 i  e2 k i , k 

 n  1  2k
2 k
  , k
n 1
 the set of values of  is
 2 k 1 n n  1
 :   where k  \{0}, k .
 n 1 2 2 

5 [CJC\Prelim\P1\Q8]
(a)(i) Use de Moivre’s theorem to prove that
cos 6  32cos6   48cos 4   18cos 2   1 [4]
(ii) Hence find the largest positive root of the equation
64 x6  96 x4  36 x2  3  0,
giving your answer in trigonometric form. [4]

(b)(i) Write down in the form rei , where r  0 and -     , the five complex
numbers which satisfy the equation z 5  1  0 .
[1]
(ii) Hence, show that the five complex numbers which satisfy the equation
 2w  1 
5

  1
 w 
2  2 
2  cos   k   i sin   k 
are 5   5  , where k  0, 1, 2. [5]
2 
5  4 cos   k 
5 

5
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

(a)(i) Let c  cos  , s  sin  .

cos 6  Re  cos   isin   
6
 
 c  C1c  i s   6 C2  c 4  i s 2  6 C3  c 3  i s 3  
6 6 5 1

 Re  
 6 C 4 c 2  i s  4  6 C 5 c  i s 5   i s  6 
 
 c 6  6 C2  c   i s   6 C4 c 2  i s    i s 
4 2 4 6

 c 6  6 C2  c   s   6 C4 c 2  s    s 
4 2 4 6

 c 6  15c 4 (1  c 2 )  15c 2 1  c 2   (1  c 2 )3
2

 c 6  15c 4  15c 6  15 1  2c 2  c 4   1  3c 2  3c 4  c 6 
 32cos 6   48cos 4   18cos 2   1
(ii)
64 x 6  96 x 4  36 x 2  3  0
2 32 x 6  48 x 4  18 x 2  1  1
1
32 x 6  48 x 4  18 x 2  1 
2
Let cos  = x.
1
cos 6 
2

Consider  6  2k  ,k 
3
k 
   ,k 
3 18

The largest positive root occurs when k = 0.

  
So    x  cos   .
18  18 
2 k
i
(b) The 5 complex numbers are e 5
, k  0, 1, 2.

2w  1
z
Let w
1
 w
z2
1 1
w  2 k 
2 k  2 k
 2  i sin
i
e 5  2 cos
5 5
2 k 2 k
cos  2  i sin
= 5 5
 2 k  2 k   2 k  2 k 
 cos  2  i sin   cos  2  i sin 
 5 5  5 5 

6
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

2 k 2 k
cos  2  i sin
 5 5
 2 k
2
  2 k  
2

  cos  2    sin  
 5   5  
2 k 2 k
cos  2  i sin
 5 5
 2 2 k 2 2 k 2 k 
 cos  sin  4 cos  4
 5 5 5 

2 k 2 k
cos  2  i sin
 5 5 (shown)
 2 k 
 5  4 cos 
 5 

6 [DHS_HCI_MJC_RI\Prelim\P1\Q1]
5
 1 2
By considering  z   where z  cos   isin θ , express cos5 as  ar cos  2r  1  ,
 z r 0

where ar  r  0, 1, 2  are constants to be determined. Hence, solve  cos5 d . [4]

2cos   z  z 1
  2 cos     z  z 1 
5 5

 32cos5   z 5  5 z 4 z 1  10 z 3 z 2  10 z 2 z 3  5zz 4  z 5
 cos5    z 5  z 5   5  z 3  z 3   10  z  z 1 
1
32
1
 cos5   2cos5  5  2cos3   10  2cos   
32
1 5 5
 cos5   cos5  cos3  cos 
16 16 8
5 5 1
a0  , a1  , a2 
8 16 16
1 5 5
 cos  d   16 cos 5  16 cos 3  8 cos d
5

1 5 5
 sin 5  sin 3  sin   C
80 48 8

7
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

7 [DHS_HCI_MJC_RI\Prelim\P1\Q4]
The complex number z is such that z  2+2i  8 and z  2  2i  z .

(i) Sketch the locus of z on an Argand diagram. Label your region

clearly. [4]
(ii) Find the range of values of z  2  10i . [3]
(i)
y

Locus of z.

(ii)
Smallest z   2  10i   8  8
Substitute
y   x  2 into  x  2 2   y  2 2  8
 x  2 2    x  2  2 2  8
x2  2 x  2  0
2  4  8
x  1  3, 1  3 (reject)
2
y  1 3  2  3 1

 1    
2 2
Largest z   2  10i   32 3  1  10

1  3    
2 2
 3 9

 88  16 3

8  8  z   2  10i   88  16 3

8
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

8 [EJC\Prelim\P1\Q7]
Solve the equation  z  1  i   8 2  0 , giving the roots in the form w  rei ,
7
(i)

where w  , r  0 and      . Show the roots on an Argand diagram. [5]

(ii) The roots represented by z1 and z2 are such that

3
0  arg( z1  1  i)  arg( z2  1  i)  . Explain why the locus of all points z such
4
that z  z1  z  z2 passes through (1,1). Draw this locus on your Argand diagram

and find its exact Cartesian equation in the form y  y0  m( x  x0 ) . [4]

(i)
 z 1 i  8 2  0
7

 z  1  i  27/2 ei2k , where

7
k  0,  1,  2,  3
2 k
z  1  i   2e
i
7 , where k  0,  1,  2,  3

The sketch on the Argand diagram should display the 7 roots of equation lying equally
spaced (with angle difference of 2 / 7 ) on the circle centered at (1,1) with radius 2 .

Remark (not required in answer)

 2 k
i i
z  2e  2e 4 7

i   
  2 k  
i
 2e 4 1  e  7 4  
 
i
  k  
 i     i k7  8  i k7  8  
 2e 4 e  7 8
e  
e 

 
 5 k 
i     k   
 2e  8 7 
 2 cos  7  8  
  

Let z  1  i
z  z1  z  z2
2
 
LHS= 1  i  1  i   2e 7   2
i

 
4
 
 
i
RHS= 1  i  1  i  2e 7
 2
 
Since LHS= RHS, the locus of all points z such that z  z1  z  z2 passes through
(1,1).

9
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

1  2  
Angle with respect to the ‘ parallel positive x-axis’ centered at (1,1)   
2 7  7

Cartesian Equation:  y  1  tan  x  1
7
9 [IJC\Prelim\P1\Q5]

The complex number z satisfies 0  arg( z  i)  and z  i  2 .
3
Illustrate both of these relations on a single Argand diagram. [3]

(a) Find the least possible value of z  i , giving your answer in exact form. [3]

(b) Find greatest possible value of arg( z  i) . [3]

Solution

0  arg( z  i)  and z i  2
3
Im

Q
B

T
O P Re

Let A be (0, -1) and B be (0, 1) and AP  x .


 2
2
22  x 2  2(2)( x) cos 
6
x 2  (2 3) x  2  0

2 3  12  4(2)
x
2
 3 1
Least possible value of z  i  AP  3  1

10
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

2 2

sin  sin 
6

2sin
 sin   6  1
2 2

2sin
 sin   6  1
2 2

 
4
  7
ABP     
6 4 12
7  
Greatest possible value of arg( z  i) =   .
12 2 12
10 [IJC\Prelim\P1\Q8]
(a) (i) Use de Moivre’s theorem to show that

cos5  16cos5   20cos3   5cos  . [4]

(ii) By using the result in part (i), find the exact value of cos54 . [3]

(b) Let
 2   4   (2n  2) 
C  cos   cos      cos      ...  cos     , and
 n   n   n 
 2   4   (2n  2) 
S  sin   sin      sin      ...  sin    ,
 n   n   n 
where n  , n  2 .
By considering C  iS , show that C  0 and state the value of S. [5]
Solution
(a)(i) Consider  cos   i sin   .
5

Using de Moivre’s theorem,

 cos   i sin  5  cos 5  i sin 5 --- (1)

Using binomial expansion,

11
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

 cos   i sin  5
 cos5   5i cos 4  sin   10 cos3   i sin  
2

10 cos 2   i sin    5cos   i sin     i sin  

3 4 5

 cos5   5i cos 4  sin   10 cos3  sin 2 

10i cos 2  sin 3   5cos  sin 4   i sin 5 
 cos5   10 cos3  sin 2   5cos  sin 4 

 
--- (2)
i 5cos 4  sin   10 cos 2  sin 3   sin 5 

Comparing the real part of (1) & (2):

cos 5
 cos5   10 cos3  sin 2   5cos  sin 4 

   
2
 cos5   10 cos3  1  cos 2   5cos  1  cos 2 

 cos5   10 cos3   10 cos5   5cos  1  2 cos 2   cos 4  

 16 cos5   20 cos3   5cos 

(a)(ii)Let   54 .
cos 270  16cos5 54  20cos3 54  5cos54
 
0  cos 54 16cos 4 54  20cos 2 54  5 
 16cos4 54  20cos2 54  5  0
20  80 5  5
 cos 2 54  
32 8
5 5 5 5
 cos 54  or (rej)
8 8

11 [JJC\Prelim\P1\Q2]
(i) Show that for z  i, i ,
z (1  z18 )
z  z3  z5  z7   z17  . [1]
1 z2

(ii) By using de Moivre’s theorem, or otherwise, show that, provided cos   0 ,

8
cos 2 9
 (1)k cos(2k  1) 
k 0 cos 
. [5]

(iii) Deduce that

 sin   3sin 3  5sin 5   17sin17  (cos 2 9 tan   9sin18 )sec  . [2]

12
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

(i)
z[1  ( z 2 )9 ]
z  z3  z5  z7   z17 
1  ( z 2 )
z (1  z18 )

1 z2
8
z (1  z18 )
(ii) From (i),  ( 1) k 2 k 1
z  .
k 0 1 z2
Let z  cos   i sin  .
8
ei [1  (ei )18 ]
k 0
( 1) k
(cos   i sin  ) 2 k 1

1  (ei )2
8
1  e18i
k 0
(1) (cos   i sin  )
k 2 k 1
  i
e  e i
1  e18i

2 cos 
Using de Moivre’s theorem,
8
1  e18i
 (1)k [cos(2k  1)  i sin(2k  1) ] 
k 0 2cos 
.

Comparing real parts on both sides,

8
1  cos18

k 0
(1) k cos(2k  1) 
2 cos 
8
2cos 2 9 cos 2 9
 (1)k cos(2k  1) 
k 0 2cos 

cos 
.

(iii) Differentiating both sides with respect to  ,

8

 (1)
k 0
k 1
(2k  1)sin(2k  1)

(cos  )(18cos 9 sin 9 )  (cos 2 9 )( sin  )

 .
cos 2 
  sin   3sin 3  5sin 5   17 sin17
cos 2 9 sin   9 cos  sin18

cos 2 
 (cos 2 9 tan   9sin18 ) sec 

13
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

12 [JJC\Prelim\P1\Q3]
(i) Solve the equation
z 5  16(1  i 3)  0 ,
giving the roots in the form rei , where r  0 and      . [2]

(ii) Show the roots on an Argand diagram. [2]


(iii) The roots represented by z1 and z 2 are such that 0  arg( z1 )  arg( z2 ) 
.
2
On the same diagram in (ii), sketch the locus given by the equation
z  z1  z  z2 , indicating the points P and Q which represent z1 and z 2
respectively. [1]

(iv) The point A, which represents the complex number a, lies on the locus
z  z1  z  z2 and is such that PAQ is a right angle. Find the two possible
values of a, leaving your answers in terms of z1 and z 2 . [2]


i

(i) z  16(1  i 3)  32e

5 3

 
  2 k 
i 3 
 5 
 z  2e  
, k  2,  1, 0, 1, 2
 11       7   13 
i   i   i  i  i 
 z  2e  15 
, 2e  3
, 2e  15 
, 2e  15 
, 2e  15 

(ii)
(iii) y

x
O

(iv)

14
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

i( z1  a)  z2  a
 iz1  z2  a(1  i)
iz1  z2  z2 iz1 1 i 
a  or or ( z2 iz1 ) 
1  i  1 i 2 
13 [NJC\Prelim\P1\Q10]
The complex number z satisfies the equation z 5  32.

(i) Find the possible values of z exactly in the form rei , where r  0 and  π    π .
[3]

(ii) Sketch the points representing the possible values of z in a single Argand diagram,
labelling clearly any geometrical relationships. [3]

(iii) If z1 and z 2 are any two of the possible values of z, explain clearly why the locus
of points with equation w  z1  w  z2 must pass through the origin O. [1]

(iv) The complex numbers z3 and z 4 are two possible values of z such that
0  arg  z3   arg  z4   π. Sketch the point representing z3  z4 in the same
Argand diagram in part (ii), illustrating clearly any geometrical relationships.[1]

(v) Show that the polynomial z 5  32 can be written as

 z  k   z 2  2kz cos  k 2  z 2  2kz cos3  k 2  ,
for some real constants k and  to be determined. [3]

π 3π
(vi) Hence, without using a calculator, find the value of cos  cos exactly.
5 5
[3]
(i)
z 5  32  32eiπ  32ei(2 k 1)π , k 
 2 k 1 
i π
z  2e  5 
, k  0,  1,  2
π  π  3π   3π 
i  i   i  i  
 2e 5
, 2e  5
, 2e  5 
, 2e  15 
, 2eiπ
(ii)

15
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

(iii) Since w  z1  w  z2 represents the perpendicular bisector of the points

representing z1 and z2 , and these two points are equidistant from the origin O, the locus
must pass through O

OR

Since z1  z2 , 0  z1  0  z2 . Therefore, the origin O lies on the locus.

(iv)

16
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

(v)
z 5  32
 i   
π
i    
 π
i   
 3π 
i   
 3π 

  z  2   z  2e   z  2e
5  5
  z  2e  5 
  z  2e  5  
    
    
  i π5   i  
π π
i  i   
 π

  z  2  z   2e  2e
   5
 z  2e  2e  5  
5
   
   
  i 3π   i  
 3π   3π 
i  i   
 3π 
 z   2e  5   2e  5   z  2e  5   2e  5  
   
   
  π   3π  
  z  2   z 2   4 cos  z  4   z 2   4 cos  z  4 
  5   5  
  π   3π  
  z  2   z 2  2  2 z cos   22   z 2  2  2 z cos   2 2 
  5   5  

π
Therefore, k  2 and   .
5
(vi) From 10(v), coefficient of z
 π  3π 
 4  4   2  4 cos   4   2  4   4 cos 
 5  5 
π 3π
 16  32 cos  32 cos
5 5

π 3π
16  32 cos  32 cos 0
5 5
π 3π 16 1
 cos  cos  
5 5 32 2

14 [NYJC\Prelim\P1\Q9]
By considering all the 7th roots of unity, find in any form, the roots of  z  i   1
7
(a)

and sketch all the roots on an Argand diagram. Hence, find the exact area of the
heptagon formed by the seven roots. [4]
(b) On a single diagram, sketch the loci given by
(i) | z  1| 1 ,
7
(ii) arg( z  2)  .
8
Find the exact value of z satisfying both equations in parts (i) and (ii). Hence,
3
deduce the exact value of tan . [5]
8

17
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

(a) Consider w7  1 ,
2 k i
w  e , k  0,  1,  2,  3
7

w  z i
2 k i
ze 7
 i, k  0,  1,  2,  3
2 4 6
 i  i  i
z  1  i, e 7
 i, e 7
 i, e 7
i

Area of heptagon
1 2 7 2
 7[ (1)(1)sin ]  sin
2 7 2 7
(b)

(1,0) (2,0)

1 1
z  1  cos  / 4  (sin  / 4)i =1   i
2 2
1
tan 3 / 8  arg( z )  2  1  2 1
1
1 2 1
2

18
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

1 1
2  (1  ) 1
Alternatively, tan 3 / 8  2  2  2 1
1 1
2 2
15 [RVHS\Prelim\P1\Q1]
Find the exact roots of the equation
z8  128  128 3i  0 ,
expressing them in the form rei where r  0 and  π    π . [4]

z 8  128  128 3i  0
z 8  128  128 3i
 128 1  3i 
 2 
i 
= 2  2e
7  3 

 2 
i 
8  3 
=2 e

Thus,
 2 
i  2 k 
8 8  3 
z =2e
  2 1 
i   2 k  
z  2e  3 8 
, k  4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3
 1 3 k  
i  
 z  2e  12 
, k  4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3

16 [RVHS\Prelim\P1\Q2]
Using De Moivre’s Theorem, show that for   ,
1 1 1 2cos   1
cos   cos 2  cos3  ...  . [5]
2 4 8 5  4cos 

1 1 1
Let C  cos   cos 2  cos 3  ...
2 4 8
1 1 1
and S  sin   sin 2  sin 3  ...
2 4 8

19
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

C  iS
1 1 1
  cos   i sin     cos 2  i sin 2    cos 3  i sin 3   ...
2 4 8
1 1 1
 ei  ei 2  ei 3  ...
2 4 8
1 i
e
 2
1
1  ei
2
i
e 2  e  i
 
2  ei 2  e  i
2ei  1

4  2  ei  e  i   1
2 cos   1  i  2sin  

5  2  2 cos  
2cos   1
Thus, C  .
5  4cos 
17 [SAJC\Prelim\P1\Q1]
(i) Solve the equation iz 5  1  3i  0 , giving the roots in the form rei , where r  0
and      . [3]

5
 z 
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, solve the equation    3  i , giving your answers in a
 1 i 
similar form. [2]

iz 5  1  3i  0
z5  i  3  0
z5  3  i
    
i   i    2 k 
z 5  2e  6
 2e  6 

1   2 k 
i   
z  25 e  30 5 
, where k  2, 1, 0,1, 2
1 5 1 13 1  1 11 1 23
 i  i  i i i
Hence z  2 e 5 6
,2 e5 30 5
,2 e 30 5
,2 e 30 5
,2 e 30

20
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

5
 z 
   3 i
 1 i 
from previous part,
1 i     2 k 
z  
  2 5 e  30 5 
, where k  2, 1, 0,1, 2
1 i

i
Since 1  i  2e 4 ,
1   2 k   7  13 2 k 
i    i i  
z  2 e 5  30 5 
 2e 4
2 e 10  60 5 
, where k  2, 1, 0,1, 2
7 7 7 11 7 13 7 37 7 59
 i  i i i  i
z2 e
10 12 10
,2 e 60
,2 e10 60
,2 e 10 60 10
,2 e 60

18 [SAJC\Prelim\P1\Q2]
The complex number z satisfies the equation z  4i  2 .
(i) Sketch the locus of the points representing z on an Argand diagram. [1]

(ii) The complex number z also satisfies the equation

arg  z  p   q, where p  and 1  p  4 ,    q   .

Find the range of values of q given that there is one solution for z satisfying the two
equations, showing your workings clearly. [4]

lm(z)

Locus of z
(0,4) 2

Re(z)
0

21
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

Arg(z – 1) = q
B(0,4) 2
C
F

O A(1,0
)

Length AB = 42  12  17
 2 
Angle BAC = sin 1  
 17 
4
Angle BAO = tan 1  
1
 2  1  4 
    sin 1    tan  1   1.3093  1.31
 17   
 2 
    2sin 1    2.32
 17 

B(0,4) Arg(z – 4) = q
2

O D(4,0
)

Length BD = 42  42  32
 2 
Angle BDE = sin 1  
 32 
4 
Angle BDO = tan 1   
4 4

22
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

   2 
      sin 1    2.7176  2.72
 4 32  
 2 
    2sin 1    1.99
 32 
1.31  q  1.99 or 2.32  q  2.72

19 [TJC\Prelim\P1\Q7]
(a) The complex numbers z and w are such that
z  4i  2 and w  2i  1.
By considering an Argand diagram, find
(i) the least value of z  w ,
(ii) the greatest value of arg(z  w) . [4]

(b) The points P1 and P2 represent the complex numbers z1 and z2 respectively in an
Argand diagram with origin O. Given that
z12  z1 z2  z22  0 ,

  
show that z1  z2  cos  i sin  .
 3 3
Hence or otherwise, prove that the triangle OPP
1 2
is equilateral. [7]
(a) Least value of z  w  3 Im

2 
sin     6 locus of z
4 6
 2
Greatest value of arg(z  w)   
2 3 2 4
2


Im
1 O

2 1
(b) z  z1 z2  z  0
2
1
2
2 3 locus of w

23
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

2 2
 1  1 
 z1  z2    z2   z2  0
2

 2   2 
2
 1  3 2
 z1  z2    z2
 2  4
1 3 Im(z)
z1  z2   i z2
2 2
P1
1 3
z1  z2   i 
z1

2 2  P2
z2
   O
Re(z)
 z2  cos  i sin  (shown) z1 P1
 3 3

   
Since cos  i sin = 1, z1  z2 cos  i sin = z2
3 3 3 3
 
Since arg z1 = arg z2  , POP
1 2 
3 3
Thus  OPP
1 2 is equilateral.

20 [VJC\Prelim\P1\Q6]
1
Show that sin 5    sin 5  5sin 3  10sin   and find a corresponding expression for
16
cos5  . [7]
Hence, or otherwise, find the exact value of  such that 0     and
(sin5  cos5 )  5  sin3  cos3   10  sin   cos   0 . [2]

1 1
Using z n  n
 2isin n and z n   2cos n ,
z zn
5
 1 1 3 5
 z    z  5 z  10 z  10 z  5 z  z
5 3
 z
 2isin( 5   z 5  z 5   5( z 3  z 3 )  10( z  z 1 )
32isin 5   2isin 5  10isin 3  20isin 
1 5 5
sin 5   sin 5  sin3  sin 
16 16 8

5
 1 1 3 5
 z    z  5 z  10 z  10 z  5 z  z
5 3
Similarly,
 z
 
 (2cos )5  z 5  z 5  5( z 3  z 3 )  10( z  z 1 )

32cos5   2cos 5  10cos3  20cos 

1 5 5
cos5   cos 5  cos3  cos 
16 16 8

24
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers


Alternative: Substitution –  with  :
2
  1   5   5  
sin 5      sin 5     sin3      sin    
2  16 2  16 2  8 2 
1  5  5  3  5
cos5   sin   5   sin   3   cos
16  2  16  2  8
1   5 5
sin   5     cos3   cos
16  2  16 8
1 5 5
 cos5   cos5  cos3  cos 
16 16 8

sin 5  cos5  5  sin 3  cos3   10  sin   cos    0

sin 5  5sin 3  10sin     cos5  5cos3  10cos 
sin 5  5sin 3  10sin 
 1
cos5  5cos3  10cos
sin 5
 1
cos5 
tan 5   1
tan   1
3

4
21 [VJC\Prelim\P1\Q8]
In an Argand diagram, the points P and Q represent the complex numbers w and z
respectively.
w  4i
Given that is purely imaginary, describe the locus of P. [4]
w4
5
The complex number z satisfies arg  8i  z   .
6
On a single Argand diagram, sketch the loci of P and Q.
Hence find the least value of z  w , giving your answer in exact surd form. [5]

w  4i
*
w  4i  w  4i 
is purely imaginary     0 & w  4i or 4
w4 w4  w4 
( w  4i)(w *  4)  ( w*  4i)( w  4)
0
( w  4)( w*  4)
2ww*  (4i  4) w  (4  4i) w*  0
x 2  y 2  (2i  2)( x  iy )  (2  2i)( x  iy )  0, where w  x  iy
x2  y 2  4x  4 y  0
( x  2)2  ( y  2) 2  8
This is the equation of a circle with centre at (2, 2), radius 2 2, excluding (0,4), (4,0).

Alternative:

25
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

w  4i  w  4i  
is purely imaginary  arg  
w4  w4  2

 arg( w  4i)  arg( w  4)  
2
By the property that semi-circle subtends a right angle, w represents points on a circle
with (0, 4) and (4,0) as ends of its diameter, and w  4i, 4.


d  (6 3  2)sin
 3 3 1
6
 least value of z  w  (3 3  1)  2 2  3 3  2 2  1.
OR
x
Equation of half-line: y    8 : y  2, x  6 3.
3


Least z  w  6 3  2 sin  6
 2 2  3 3  2 2 1

26
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

22 [ACJC\Prelim\P2\Q2]
Let P  w   w2  w  1 . A root of the equation P  w  0 is w1 .

(a) Without solving for w1 , find the value of

(i) w13 ;
2 2 2 2
 1   2 1   3 1   1 
(ii)  w1     w1  2    w1  3     w16  6  . [3]
 w1   w1   w1   w1 

(b) Given that Im  w1   0 and 0  arg  w1   π , state the geometrical effect of

multiplication by w1 . [1]

ABC is an equilateral triangle, labelled anticlockwise. The points A, B and C

represent the complex numbers z1 , z 2 and z3 respectively. Explain why
z1  z3  w1  z3  z2  . [2]

(a)(i)
w13  1
w12  w1  1 
w1  1
Hence w13  1   w1  1  w12  w1  1  0  w13  1
(a)(ii)
1
w12  w1  1  0  w1  1  0
w1
2 2 2
 1   2 1   3 1 
 w1     w1  2    w1  3 
 w1   w1   w1 
2 2 2
 1   1   1 
  w14  4    w15  5    w16  6 
 w1   w1   w1 
2 2
 1   1 
  1   w12  2    2    1   w12  2    2 
2 2 2 2

 w1   w1 
2
 1 
 10  2   w1 
 w1 
 10  2  1
2

 12
(b)
2π
i 2π
Since w1  e 3
, multiplication by w1 is a rotation of radians anticlockwise around
3
the origin.

27
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

The complex number z1  z3 is represented by the vector CA , while the complex

2π
number z3  z2 is represented by the vector BC . Since BC needs to be rotated
3
radians to be parallel to CA , hence, z1  z3  w1  z3  z2  .

28
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

23 [AJC\Prelim\P2\Q3]
[Do not use a graphing calculator for this question.]

5
(i) Find the roots of the equation z 5 z 1 , leaving your answers in the form
k
a b cot i where the values of a and b and the set of values of k are to be
5
determined. [5]

5
(ii) Describe the geometrical relationship between the roots of iz 5 iz 1 and the
roots obtained in part (i). [2]

 
z  1  1  e2k i
5
(i) z 5   z  15 
z
z  1 2k5i
 e
z
1 2k
 z  i where  
e 1 5
 2 i
1 e
 z  i  
e e2  e 2 
2 i  i 2i sin 2
i  cos 2  i sin 2   sin 2  i cos 2
 
2sin 2 2sin 2
1 1 k
 z =   i cot where k = ±1, ±2.
2 2 5

(Note: k cannot be zero. There are only 4 distinct complex roots.)

5
(ii) Using part (i) result, the roots of iz 5 iz 1 are z =

 
 i    1  1 i cot k , so the roots in part (ii) can be obtained by rotating
2 2 5

the points corresponding to the roots in part (i) through clockwise about
2
the origin.

24 [CJC\Prelim\P2\Q2]
(i) Indicate, in an Argand diagram, the set of points satisfied by the complex
number z such that

| z  3 | 3 and 0  arg( z  3)  [4]
4

(ii) Find exactly, in the form rei , where r  0 and 0    , the complex
2
number lying in the region in (i) for which arg( z ) is the maximum. [2]
(iii)Find the range of values of arg( z  5i) , showing your working clearly. [4]

29
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

(i)
Im
C2
3
C1

 /4 Re
0 3 6

-3

(ii)(b) Let P be the point of intersection between the half line and the circle. Maximum
arg(z) occurs when the line OP makes an angle  with the real-axis. Thus, in
exponential form, we have
1  
2
 3  9 1 
r  3   2  3 2  2 and   tan   = rad
 2  1 2  8

(c) Maximum arg (z - 5i) occurs when the half-line from (0,5) meets the point of
intersection between the two loci.
3 2 
5 
 2   10  3 2 
i.e. tan       tan 1   = -0.512 rad.
 3 2  6  3 2 
3 
 2 
The minimum arg (z - 5i) occurs when the half-line joining (0,5) to the point (3,0).
5 5
i.e. tan       tan 1   = -1.03 rad.
3 3
So 1.03 rad < arg( z  5i)  0.512 rad

30
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

25 [DHS_HCI_MJC_RI\Prelim\P2\Q3]
Solve the equation w5  32  0 , giving the roots in the form rei , where r  0 and
     . Sketch the roots on an Argand diagram. [4]
π
The roots denoted by w1 and w2 , where  arg  w1   arg  w2    , are represented by
2
the points W1 and W2 respectively. Indicate clearly the positions of W1 and W2 in the
same Argand diagram. [1]
The complex number z satisfies the relation arg  z  w1   arg  w2  w1  .

(i) Sketch the locus of points representing z on the same Argand diagram. [1]
(ii) Find the range of values of arg  z  . [2]
  k (2 ) i
w5  32  32e
  2 k 
  i
w  2e 5 5 
where k  2, 1, 0
 3       3 
  i   i  i  i
w  2e  5 
, 2e  5
, 2e 5
, 2e  5 
, 2e i
 3 
 i
W1  2e  5 
,W2  2e i



 i
 
2e 5 

2
5

O 2 x
β
β
Locus of z
 

  i
 5
2e 


 
  3 i
 5 
2e 

2    7
 ,  
5 2 10
3 7
 arg z   or   arg z  
5 10

31
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

26 [EJC\Prelim\P2\Q3]
Express sin 2  cos4  in terms of cosine of multiple angles and hence evaluate exactly


 0
2
sin 2 cos4  d . [5]

k
By using de Moivre’s theorem, show that, provided   , k ,
2
n 1
sin k

k 0 cos 
k
 cot   cos ec  sec n 1   cos n .

[5]
Recall that if
z  ei   cos   i sin 
1
 z 1  ei (  )  cos   i sin 
z
then,
1 1
z  2cos  , z   2isin 
z z
2 4
1 1 1 1
sin 2     z   , cos4    z   .
4 z 16  z

Therefore,
2 4
1  1  1
sin  cos     z    z  
2 4

64  z  z
2 2 2
1  1  1  1
 z  z  z 
64  z  z  z
2 2
1  1  1
   z2  2   z  
64  z   z
1  1  1 
   z4  4  2   z2  2  2 
64  z  z 
1  6 1   4 1  2 1 
   z  6   2  z  4    z  2   4
64  z   z   z  
1
  cos 6  2 cos 4  cos 2  2.
32

32
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

n 1
sin k  n 1 k 

k 0 cos 
k
 Im  
 k 0
sec    cos k  i sin k 

 n 1 k
 Im    sec   ei  
 k 0 
  sec n   ein  1 
 Im  
  sec   e  1 
i


 Im 
 sec n   ein  1 

  sec    cos   i sin    1 
 cos   sec n   ein  1 
 Im  
 i sin  
 Im   i cot   sec n   ein  1 

 Im   i cot   sec n   cos n  i sin n   1 

 cot   cos ec  sec n 1   cos n

 2

 sin  cos4  d
2

0
 2
1
 
32  cos 6  2 cos 4  cos 2  2 d
0
 2
1 1 1 1 
   sin 6  sin 4  sin 2  2 
32  6 2 2 0

 .
32
27 [IJC\Prelim\P2\Q4]
(i) Solve the equation

z3  4  3 i  0,
giving the roots in the form rei , where r  0 and       . [3]

Hence find all the roots of the equation z 6  8 3 z 3  64  0 .   [3]

(ii) The roots of the equation z 3  4  

3  i  0 are represented by P, Q and R on an
Argand diagram. Find the perimeter of the triangle PQR, leaving your answer in
exact form. [3]

33
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

Solution
(i)

z3  4 3  i  0 
 5 
i  2 k 
z 3  4 3  4i  8e  6 
, where k =  1,0,1

1  5   5 2 k 
i   2 k  i  
z  2e 3  6 
 2e  18 3 

 7   5   17 
i   i  i 
 z  2e  18 
, 2e  18  , 2e  18 

 
z 6  8 3 z 3  64  0

8 3 
2
8 3   4(64)
z3 
2
8 3  64 8 3  8i
= 
2 2
 4 3  4i

z 3  4 3  4i or z 3  4 3  4i

 7   5   17   7   5   17 
i  i  i  i   i   i  
 z  2e  18 
, 2e  18  , 2e  18  , 2e  18 
, 2e  18 
, 2e  18 

(ii) OP = OQ = OR = 2
R Q 2
POQ  POR  QOR 
3
O

P
Triangle OPQ is isosceles.
 
 PQ   2sin   2  2 3
 3
Perimeter of the triangle PQR
= 2 3  3  6 3.

34
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

28 [NJC\Prelim\P2\Q4]
The complex number z satisfies both the inequalities

π 3
z  3  5 and   arg  iz  3i  2   tan 1   .
2 2

(i) Sketch the locus, L, of the points representing the complex number z on an Argand
diagram. [4]
(ii) Find the exact value of k such that z  k for all z in L. [2]
Let P be a point in L, representing the complex number z1 where Re  z1   3. Label the
point P on the Argand diagram in part (i) that gives the least value of arg  z1  6  4i 
and find this value. [3]
(i)
π 3
  arg  iz  3i  2   tan 1  
2 2
π 3
  arg  i   arg  z  3  2i   tan 1  
2 2
π π 3
    arg  z  3  2i   tan 1  
2 2 2
3 π
0  arg  z  3  2i   tan 1   
2 2

Im

P
B
4 L
A

O Re

(ii) Let k = OA.

35
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

3 3
OBA    tan 1    tan  
2 2
 k  4sin 
 3 
 4 
 13 
12

13
(iii) Labelling of P (3, 5) on the Argand diagram in part (i).

Least value of arg  z1  6  4i 

 arg   3  5i   6  4i 
 arg  3  9i 
9
 π  tan 1  
3
 1.89 rad (3 s.f.)
Alternatively,
Let the least value of arg  z1  6  4i    .
4  5
tan   
63
   tan  3  π
1

   1.89 rad (3 s.f.)

36
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

29 [NYJC\Prelim\P2\Q4]
Given that z  cos   i sin  , show that
1
(i) z  2i sin  , [1]
z
(ii) z n  z  n  2cos n , where n is a positive integer. [2]
1
Hence show that sin 6   (10  15cos 2  6cos 4  cos 6 ) . [3]
32
Find a similar expression for cos6  . Hence, given that x is small for x 3 and higher order

x
terms to be neglected, find an approximation to
 0
6
 cos   sin   d , leaving your
6 6

answer in quadratic expression in x. [6]

1
(i) z  cos   i sin   (cos   i sin  )1
z
 cos   i sin   cos( )  i sin( )
 2i sin 
(ii) z  z  n
n

 (cos   i sin  ) n  (cos   i sin  )  n

 cos n  i sin n  cos(n )  i sin(n )
 cos n  i sin n  cos n  i sin n
 2 cos n
1
( z  )6  (2i sin  )6  26 sin 6 
z
6 1  6 1  6 1  6 1  6 1 1
 z 6    z 5 ( )    z 4 ( ) 2    z 3 ( )3    z 2 ( ) 4    z ( )5  ( ) 6
1 z  2 z  3 z  4 z 5 z z
1 1 1
64sin 6   z 6  6
 6( z 4  4 )  20  15( z 2  2 )
z z z
1
sin 6    (2 cos 6  6(2 cos 4 )  20  15( 2 cos 2 ))
64
1
 (10  15cos 2  6 cos 4  cos 6 )
32

37
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

1
z  2 cos 
z
1
(2 cos  )6  ( z  ) 6
z
1 1 1
 z 6  6  6( z 4  4 )  15( z 2  2 )  20
z z z
64 cos   2 cos 6  12 cos 4  30 cos 2  20
6

1
cos 6   (cos 6  6 cos 4  15cos 2  10)
32

1
cos6   sin 6   (cos 6  6 cos 4  15cos 2  10)
32
1
 (10  15cos 2  6 cos 4  cos 6 )
32
1 15 1
 (2 cos 6  30 cos 2 )  cos 2  cos 6
32 16 16

x
0
6
cos6   sin 6  d

x 15 1
 6
cos 2  cos 6 d
0 16 16

x
 15 1  6
  sin 2  sin 6 
 32 96 0
15  1 
 sin 2( x  )  sin 6( x  )  0
32 6 96 6
15   1
 (sin 2 x cos  cos 2 x sin )  (sin 6 x cos   cos 6 x sin  )
32 3 3 96
15 1 15 3  1  1
 (2 x)  ( ) 1  (2 x) 2   (6 x)( 1)  0
32 2 32 2  2  96
1  15 
 15 x  2 x  3  15 3x 2 
32  2 
1  15 
 13x  3  15 3x 2 
32  2 

38
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

3 [RVHS\Prelim\P2\Q2]
0
(i) Sketch, on the same diagram, the loci given by
z  2i  z  (1  i) and z  (1  2i)  2 ,

indicating clearly where the loci intersect the axes. [3]

(ii) Hence deduce the complex numbers z1 and z 2 that represent the points of
intersection of the two loci. [2]

(iii) Given that the complex number z 3 satisfies the following conditions:

z3  2i  z3  (1  i) and z3  (1  2i)  2 ,


determine the range of values of arg z3  1  ( 2  2 )i .  [3]

(i)
Im(z)

2 (1,2)
1 (1,1)
Re(z)
0 1

(ii) As observe from the sketch in part (i), the loci intersect at the point (0,1) and since
the centre of the circle is at the point (1,2) which is the mid-point of the points
representing z1 and z 2 ,
we can deduce that
z1  i and
z2  1  2i  1  i  2  3i

(iii)
 
To find range of values of arg z3  1  ( 2  2 )i , 
we consider the 2 extreme possible positions for z 3 which are z1 and z 2 .
 
For min value of arg z3  1  ( 2  2 )i : 
Pt representing z 2 : (2,3)

3  (2  2)
  tan 1
1

39
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

(1, 2  2 )
For max value of arg z3  1  ( 2  2 )i :   
Pt representing z1 : (0,1)
1  (2  2)
  tan 1
1

β
(1, 2  2 )

Thus,
  
α  arg z3  1  ( 2  2 )i    β
i.e. 1.18  arg z3  1  ( 2  2 )i   2.75 (3 s.f.)
3 [SAJC\Prelim\P2\Q2]
1
By considering 1  cos   i sin   and using De Moivre’s Theorem, show that
n

n  n
n
n

   cos r   2cos  cos
r 0  r   2 2
where   . [6]

Find an expression for

n
n
  r  sin r . [1]
r 0  

1  cos   i sin  
n

 1  ei 
n

n
 i  i i 

 e 2  e 2  e 2  
   
n
 i   
 e 2  2 cos  
  2 
   
n n

  2 cos   cos  i sin 
 2  2 2
  n n 
n

  2 cos   cos  i sin  by De Moivre's Thm
 2  2 2 
Expanding the LHS :

40
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

1   cos   i sin   
n

 1  ei 
n

n n n  n

 1    ei    ei 2    ei 3  ...    ein
1  2 3  n
 n   n  n 
 1    cos     cos 2    cos 3  ...  cos n 
 1  2 3 
 n   n  n 
i   sin     sin 2    sin 3  ...  sin n 
 1  2 3 
Comparing the real parts of LHS and RHS of
 n n
n

1  cos   i sin     2 cos   cos  i sin  :

n

 2  2 2 
n
n  n  n  n
   cos r  1    cos     cos 2    cos 3  ...  cos n
r 0  r 
=
1   2 3
 n
n

 2 cos  cos (Shown)
 2 2
Comparing the imaginary parts of LHS and RHS, we get
n n n  n
n

  sin     sin 2    sin 3  ...  sin n =  2 cos  sin
1  2 3   2 2
n  n
n
n

    sin r   2cos  sin
r 0  r   2 2

3 [TJC\Prelim\P2\Q4]
2
Find the roots of the equation z 8  1  0 . [3]

By considering conjugate pairs of roots, or otherwise, express z 8  1 as a product of

quadratic factors with real coefficients. [3]

1 1
Hence by considering z  and z 4  4 , or otherwise, show that
z z
   3  5  7 
cos 4  8  cos   cos  cos   cos  cos   cos  cos   cos . [4]
 8  8  8  8 
z 8  1  ei  ei (2 k 1)
(2 k 1)
i
ze 8
, k  0, 1, 2, 3, 4
7 5 3   3 5 7
i i i i i i i i
ze 8
,e 8
,e 8
,e 8
,e 8 ,e 8
,e 8
,e 8

41
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

 z  e  z  e    z   cos   i sin     z   cos   i sin   

i  i

   z  cos    i sin     z  cos    i sin  

  z  cos    (i sin  ) 2
2

 z 2  2 cos  z  1

  3 3 5 5 7 
  i  i  i  i  i  i  i  i7 
z  1   z  e  z  e  z  e
8 8 8 8
 z  e  z  e
8 8
 z  e  z  e
8 8
 z  e 
8

        
   3  5  7 
  z 2  2 cos z  1 z 2  2 cos z  1 z 2  2 cos z  1 z 2  2 cos z  1
 8  8  8  8 

1
z  2cos 
z

 1
and z 8  1  z 4  z 4  4   z 4  2 cos 4  by de Moivre’s theorem
 z 
 1  1   1 3   1 5   1 7 
z 4  z 4  4   z  z   2 cos  z  z   2 cos  z  z   2 cos  z  z   2 cos 
 z   z 8  z 8   z 8   z 8 
   3  5  7 
z 4 (2 cos 4 )  z 4  2 cos   2 cos  2 cos   2 cos  2 cos   2 cos  2 cos   2 cos 
 8  8  8  8 
   3  5  7 
 cos 4  8  cos   cos  cos   cos  cos   cos  cos   cos  (shown)
 8  8  8  8 

Answers

1 π
(i) tan 1 4  arg( z  6) 
2
(ii) 14 13
(iii) 625
36 π
2
3
4
5
6
7
2 k
8
(i) z  1  i   2e
i
7 , where k  0,  1,  2,  3

(ii)  y  1  tan  x  1
7

42
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

9 
(a) 3  1 (b)
12
10 5 5
(a)(ii) (b) 0
8
11
12  11       7   13 
i   i   i  i  i 
(i)  z  2e
 15   3  15   15   15 
, 2e , 2e , 2e , 2e
 iz  z  z iz1 1 i 
(iv)  a  1 2  or 2 or ( z2 iz1 ) 
1  i  1 i 2 
13 π  π  3π   3π 
i  i   i  i  
(i) z  2e 5
, 2e , 2e  5  5 
, 2e  15 
, 2eiπ
π
(i) k  2 and   .
5
(ii) 0.5
14
15  1 3 k  
i  
z  2e  12 
, k  4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3
16 -
17
18
19 2
(a) (i) 3 (ii)
3
20 1 5 5 3
cos5   cos 5  cos3  cos  ; 
16 16 8 4
21 Circle with centre at (2, 2), radius 2 2, excluding (0,4),
(4,0); 3 3  2 2  1
22 (a)(i) 1
(a)(ii) 12
2π
(b)(i) anticlockwise rotation by
3
23
24
25
26 
32
27  7   5   17   7   5   17 
i  i  i  i   i   i  
 18   18   18   18   18   18 
(i) 2e , 2e , 2e , 2e , 2e , 2e
(ii) 6 3
28 12
(ii) k
13
(i) 1.89
29
30 (i)

43
H2 FM 2019 JC2 Prelim Topical - Complex Numbers

Im(z)

2 (1,2)

1 (1,1)
Re(z)
0 1

(ii) z1  i , z2  2  3i
(iii) [1.18, 2.75]
31
7 5 3   3 5 7
32 i i i i i i i i
ze 8
,e 8
,e 8
,e 8
,e ,e8 8
,e 8
,e 8

 2   2 3  5  7 
 z  2 cos z  1 z  2 cos z  1 z 2  2 cos z  1 z 2  2 cos z  1
 8  8  8  8 

44