1. In which type of test the capillary action principle is used?

A. Probe test
B. Bend liquid test
C. Dye penetrant test
D. None of the above

Answer: C

2. Which among the following is not a type of Non-destructive testing?

a. compression test
b. visual testing
c. ultrasonic testing
d. eddy current testing

Answer: A

3. Identify the type of destructive testing

a. Radiographic test
b. Dye penetrant test
c. Creep test
d. All of the above

Answer: C

4. Which among the following is the last step in magnetic particle test method?

a. observation and inspection

b. circular magnetization
c. demagnetization
d. magnetization

Answer: C

5. During radiography test, which region absorbs less radiation and transmits more?

a. Low and high density regions absorb and transmit same amount of radiation
b. High density region
c. Low density region
d. None of the above

Answer: C
6. Which test is used to determine dimensions of any object?

a. Ultrasonic test
b. Torsion test
c. Eddy current test
d. All of these tests can be used to determine dimensions of any object

Answer: C

7. Eddy current test is used to detect

a. cracks
b. hardness
c. conductivity
d. All of the above

Answer: D

8. Eddy current testing requires that the material tested be [C]

a) Magnetic
b) Non-magnetic
c) Conductive
d) Both b and c

9. An oscillator used in generating time varying current in an ECT instrument usually

supplies currents at frequencies from [C]
a) 1 Hz to 20 kHz
b) 50 Hz to 60 Hz
c) 1 kHz to 2 MHz
d) 0.5 MHz to 4 GHz
10. The eddy current probe is most simply a [A]
a) coil of copper wire
b) semiconductor
c) capacitor
d) ceramic resistor
11. Critical to the principles of eddy current testing is the understanding that [B]
a) all materials conduct electricity
b) all current flow has associated with it a magnetic field
c) only ferro electric materials conduct eddy currents
d) copper wire is used for all probe coils
12. The magnitude of magnetic flux density associated with current flowing in a conductor
varies with position and current. Magnetic flux density is therefore a(n) [A]
a) vector quantity
 b) scalar quantity
c) square wave quantity
d) unknown quantity
13. The magnetic flux density associated with a current carrying conductor _________ with
increasing distance from the conductor. [B]
a) increases
b) decreases
c) wobbles
d) remains constant
14. The Weber (Wb) is the unit of [A]
a) magnetic flux
b) magnetic flux density
c) eddy current intensity
d) the Hall effect
15. When a magnetic flux near a conductor is caused to change (as when a magnet is moved
past a coil) the result is [B]
a) An increased resistance in the coil wire
b) And induced voltage
c) De-magnetization of the magnet
d) Phase reversal
16. According to Ohm's Law, in any electrical circuit, the voltage divided by the circuit
impedance is equal to [C]
a) magnetic flux density
b) capacitance
c) current flow
d) phase angle
17. When an alternating voltage induces an EMF, the induced EMF in opposition to the
change causing it. This is a statement of [B]
a) Faraday's Law
b) Lenz's Law
c) Snell's Law
d) Eddy's Law of Voltage
18. Eddy currents are so named because [C]
a) of the Canadian match manufacturer that discovered them
b) of the circular probes required to induce them
c) of their circular paths
d) small swirl patterns form on the surface domains and crystal structure
19. A device which stores electrical energy within a specified volume is a(n) [B]
a) Inductor
b) Capacitor
c) Conductor
d) Resistor
20. The field that couples an eddy current probe and a test piece causes eddy currents to flow
by B]
a) Resonance
b) Induction
c) Friction
d) The Bernoulli effect
21. The region around a magnet where its magnetic effects can be detected is called the[C]
a) Near zone
b) Induction zone
c) Magnetic field of force
d) electro-magnetic region of influence
22. In a fixed magnetic field, a compass needle would arrange itself [A]
a) parallel to the lines of force
b) Perpendicular to the lines of force in the plane of the field
c) Perpendicular to the lines of force at right angles to the plane of the field
d) 45Degees to the field lines
23. The location where magnetic lines of flux are considered to leave a magnet is [A]
a) The north pole of that magnet
b) The south pole of that magnet
c) Dependent on the position of the earth's magnetic pole
d) Called Domain Centre
24. The location where magnetic lines of flux are considered to enter a magnet is [B]
a) The north pole of the magnet
b) The south pole of the magnet
c) Dependent on the position of the sun
d) Called domain centre
25. Direct current can be used to induce eddy currents if [C]
a) The test piece is moved cyclically near the current carrying conductor
b) The current carrying conductor is moved cyclically near the test piece
c) Either a or b
d) The diameter of the conductor is less than 1/10 the thickness of the test piece
26. The rate of flow of electric charge defines [C]
a) Voltage
b) Coulomb
c) Electric current
d) Impedance
27. 1 mA can also be written as [B]
a) 0.01 A
b) 0.001 A
c) 100 �A
d) 1000 MA
28. A sample which has a very low resistance will also have very high [C]
 a) Resistivity
b) Conductivity
c) Conductance
d) Impedance
29. Compared to conductive wires, insulators are considered to have [A]
a) Very high resistance
b) Very low resistance
c) About the same resistance
d) High conductance
30. Resistance of a conductor is usually given at a specified temperature. Correction for
resistance at other temperatures is obtained by using [B]
a) Liquid nitrogen
b) The temperature coefficient of resistance
c) Vacuum or bell chambers
d) Matching circuits
31. Increasing the temperature of an aluminium test specimen form 20�C. to 40�C. will
result in ___________ specimen resistivity. [D]
a) No change to
b) Doubling
c) Halving
d) A slight increase in
32. Eddy currents are normally induced in a sample such that they are [D]
a) parallel to the coil windings
b) parallel to the sample surface
c) Limited to the area of inducing field
d) all of the above
33. Decrease in eddy current flow with increasing depth from the surface is known as [C]
a) Absorption
b) the Hall effect
c) the skin effect
d) the edge effect
34. The pickup (receiver) coil of an eddy current probe is [D]
a) Always the same coil as the magnetizing coil
b) Identical in diameter to the magnetizing coil
c) Coincident in position to the magnetizing coil
d) Of any size, position or even configuration
35. Heat generation associated with eddy current testing of magnetic materials is a result of

[D]
a) Dispersion and diffraction
b) ohmic or resistive losses
c) Hysteresis losses
 d) Both b and c
36. What is the difference between electric currents and eddy currents on the atomic level?

[A]
a) There is no difference
b) Direction of electron flow
c) No magnetic field is associated with electric current
d) Eddy currents do not occur in semi conductors
37. Current flowing in the eddy current transducer would be considered []
a) Eddy current
b) Magnetizing currents
c) Back EMF
d) all of the above

1 Which of the following conditions is not necessary for eddy current testing? [A]
a) Electrical contact
b) Specimen conductivity
c) An alternating magnetic field
d) Induced electrical current

2 Which of the following is not a mandatory component in a "basic" eddy current test
apparatus? [C]
a) an AC source
b) a coil (probe)
c) an impedance plane
d) a volt meter

3 Which of the following is not a probe configuration used in eddy current testing? [D]
a) self inductance (single coil)
b) send-receive (2 coils)
c) magnetic reaction (coil & Hall detector)
d) semi-conductor reaction (2 Hall detectors)

4 The sense or direction of a magnetic field around a conductor is most commonly

determined using [D]
a) Lenz's Law
b) Ohm's Law
c) a Rowland Ring
d) the right hand rule
5 Tesla or Webers per square metre (Wb/m�) are units of [D]
a) eddy current
b) impedance
c) reluctance
d) magnetic flux density
6 If the electric current in a coil is doubled the magnetic flux density [C]
a) halves
b) remains unchanged
c) doubles
d) quadruples
7 An increase in which of the following would result in the increase of magnetic flux
density (B) in a solenoid? [D]
a) core permeability
b) number of coil turns
c) current in the coil
d) all of the above
8 A voltage in induced in a region of space when there exists a changing magnetic field.
This is a statement of [A]
a) Faraday's Law
b) Oersted's Law
c) Helmholtz's Theorem
d) Ohm's Law
9 Lenz's Law states [C]
a) an alternating magnetic field induces an alternating voltage
b) the magnitude of induced current is a function of magnetic flux through a circuit
c) the induced EMF is opposite to the change causing it
d) � = B A cos� where B= flux density, A = circuit area and � = the angle between B
and the circuit area A
10 The back EMF opposing the inducing EMF is a result of [B]
a) the Hall effect
b) eddy current flow
c) geo-magnetic reversals
d) weak nuclear forces
11 Which of the following is not an example of electromechanical energy conversion
devices? [A]
a) a dry cell battery
b) a generator or alternator
c) a microphone
d) an electric motor
12 An eddy current test system closely approximates a transformer. In this approximation,
what would the "secondary coil" be represented by? [C]
a) the induced eddy currents
b) the eddy current probe
c) the test sample
d) a Hall detector used as a receiver
13 By convention, the direction of a magnetic line of force is represented by an arrow on a
line. The arrow would point in the direction [A]
a) in which a unit north pole would be moved
b) in which a unit south pole would be moved
c) perpendicular to the plane of the line
d) indicated by the thumb in the left hand rule
14 The magnetic line of force is [B]
a) a mythical quantity
b) a imaginary but useful concept
c) equal to 1gm mass when converted by Einstein's equation
d) 1 micron diameter and 10 microns long
15 The principal cause of magnetism in a naturally magnetic substance is [C]
a) hysteresis
b) the weak nuclear force
c) uncompensated electron spin
d) graviton concentration in the Domain wall
16 The number of lines of magnetic flux divided by a unit area is the [B ]
a) permeability
b) flux density
c) pole strength
d) field intensity
17 Moving a direct current carrying conductor up and down near a conductive test piece will
result in [C]
a) no current flow in the test piece
b) DC being induced in the test piece
c) AC being induced in the test piece
d) a short circuit
18 The relationship between electric current flow, electromotive force and resistance to
electric current flow is described by [B]
a) Lenz's law
b) Ohm's law
c) Faraday's rule
d) the ampere-ohm equation
19 Another term for voltage is [D]
a) electromotive force
 b) magnetomotive force
c) potential drop
d) both a and c
20 In order to use a galvanometer (which normally measures currents in the range of
milliamps) as an ammeter measuring 10 to 20 amps you would put a _________ in ___________
with the galvanometer. [B]
a) resistor, series
b) resistor, parallel
c) capacitor, series
d) capacitor, parallel
21 Conductance is an electrical quantity which can also be defined as the reciprocal of
[B]
a) inductance
b) resistance
c) resistivity
d) reluctance
22 When an eddy current probe is brought near a conductive sample the net magnetic flux in
the system [B]
a) increases
b) decreases
c) remains unchanged
d) drops to zero when the part is contacted
23 Eddy current density in a sample is [D]
a) proportional to the conductivity of the sample
b) proportional to the permeability of the sample
c) inversely proportional to the depth from the surface of the sample
d) all of the above
24 Strictly speaking, the standard skin depth equation; J/Jo = (e^-�) sin (wt-�), is true for
only [A]
a) thick material and planar magnetic fields
b) tubular products
c) thin plate inspection
d) all of the above
25 At 2 standard depths of penetration, eddy current density is about ____ that at the surface.
[C]
a) 0,66
b) 0,37
c) 0,14
d) 0,09
26 When inspecting a rod with an encircling coil the eddy current density at the centre of the
rod is zero for [C]
a) rods with diameters greater than 2�
b) rods with radius greater than 2�
c) all conditions
d) no condition, a slight current density will always exist
27 Phase lag of eddy currents in a sample is dependent on [D]
a) depth into the sample
b) resistivity of the test piece
c) relative magnetic permeability of the sample
d) all of the above
28 Why are eddy current coils not made using iron wire? [A]
a) to avoid hysteresis effects
b) to make mathematical calculations easier
c) to prevent excessive heat build-up
d) for cathodic breakdown considerations
29 The higher the value of inductance for a given frequency the greater the degree of [B]
a) balance ability
b) sensitivity
c) Q factor
d) capacitive reactance
30 The transmit-receive or transformer style probe provides [C]
a) improved s/n ratio
b) increased sensitivity to deeper defects
c) both a and b
d) no advantage over single coil probes

1 Electromechanical energy conversion is possible due to [C]

a) electric fields
b) magnetic fields
c) both a and b
d) none of the above, energy conversion by electromechanics is not possible
2 The intensity of a magnetic field that a unit magnetic pole experiences a force of one
dyne is one [A]
a) oersted
b) Tesla
c) ohm-cm
d) gauss
3 A single magnetic line of flux is given the unit [C]
 a) dyne
b) oersted
c) maxwell
d) tesla
4 Alignment of the magnetic domains in iron by an external field result in [C]
a) hysteresis
b) eddy currents
c) magnetization
d) permeability
5 The force between point magnetic poles is [C]
a) proportional to pole strength
b) inversely proportional to the square of the distance separating them
c) both a and b
d) the opposite of a and b
6 The product of current in amperes times time in seconds gives units of [B]
a) abvolts
b) Coulombs
c) electro-stats
d) Hertz
7 If 20 coulombs of charge passes a point in 5 seconds, the electric current value would be
[A]
a) 4 amperes
b) 100 amperes
c) 0.8 amperes
d) 20 amperes
8 Eddy currents are an undesirable feature in [A]
a) AC power transformers
b) carbon composite materials
c) eddy current testing
d) ultrasonic testing
9 Which of the following will have an effect on the electrical resistance of a wire? [D]
a) inherent resistivity
b) length and cross-sectional area
c) temperature
d) all of the above
10 Resistance of a piece of wire is a function of [D]
a) wire length
b) cross sectional area of the wire
c) resistivity of the material the wire is made of
d) all of the above
11 The temperature coefficient of resistance of a pure metallic conductor is always [B]
 a) negative
b) positive
c) zero
d) unity
12 A negative thermal coefficient of resistivity would be characteristic of [B]
a) all pure metals
b) some semi conductors
c) insulators
d) materials conductivity > 100% IACS
13 The decrease in eddy current density with increasing depth from the surface is [B]
a) linear
b) exponential
c) logarithmic
d) sinusoidal
14 The time dependent component of the skin depth equation indicates [C]
a) flux density decreases with depth
b) current density decreases with depth
c) phase lag of the signal with depth
d) all of the above
15 For the calculation for eddy current density to apply, a sample should be relatively thick.
The minimum thickness to allow the simple equation to apply is about __________ � (where �
is the standard depth of penetration). [C]
a) 0.5
b) 2
c) 5
d) 25
16 To ensure planar shaped magnetic field _________ probes are needed. [D]
a) large diameter
b) long
c) zig-zag
d) either a or b depending on whether plate or tube testing is being done
17 Phase lag in the test sample for a void at 1 standard depth of penetration is [A]
a) 1 radian
b) 90�
c) both a and b
d) none of the above, it cannot be determined from the given information
18 For the purpose of determining electrical characteristics of a coil/sample combination,
capacitance can be an important factor in [B]
a) the sample
b) the probe cables
 c) the probe coil
d) all of the above
19 The inductive reactance component of an eddy current probe coil's impedance will
___________ with increasing AC frequency. [A]
a) increase
b) decrease
c) remain unchanged
d) react unpredictably
20 In the eddy current probe circuit the capacitive component of its impedance is
__________degrees out of phase with its inductive component. [C]
a) 0
b) 90
c) 180
d) 270
21 The "phase" of the impedance in an AC circuit is found from [D]
a) Arcsin (R/x)
b) Arccos (R/x)
c) Arctan (R/x)
d) Arctan (x/R)
22 In eddy current terminology phasors are used for [A]
a) voltage amplitude and phase representation
b) repairing broken solder joints
c) fusing near surface defects
d) terminating technicians who make incorrect evaluations
23 On the ideal impedance diagram the effect of reducing mutual coupling between probe
and sample would be to have the impedance point [C]
a) move up the curve
b) move down the curve
c) trace smaller semi-circles
d) trace larger semi-circles
24 The impedance method of eddy current testing uses [B]
a) two coils
b) changes in voltage across the primary coil
c) changes in voltage across the secondary coil
d) spring loaded probes only
25 Variations in the flow of eddy currents caused by flaws in the test piece are monitored as
voltage fluctuations in the secondary coil in the [A]
a) send-receive method of ECT
b) impedance method of ECT
c) resonance method of ECT
d) potential drop method
26 When a probe/sample combination is modelled as an "equivalent circuit," the secondary
circuit load equivalent would be considered a(n) [A]
a) resistive load in parallel with the coil's inductive reactance
b) inductive load in parallel with the coil's inductive reactance
c) capacitive load in series with the coil's inductive reactance
d) short circuit
27 An increase in probe diameter will move the operating point on the impedance curve
[B]
a) up
b) down
c) to a point inside the original curve
d) to a point outside the original curve
28 An inductive and a resistive impedance change in the test coil resulting when an
operating eddy current probe is moved near a conductive test sample is represented on a(n)
[D]
a) standard penetration chart
b) phase correction graph
c) 'E' meter
d) impedance graph display
29 Multifrequency techniques using differential coils are [B]
a) best for detecting large volume defects
b) best for detecting small cracks and pits
c) used to size dents
d) never successful
30 When access for inspection of a pipe is from the inside in the remote field eddy current
technique, the receiver coil is [C]
a) An internal axial probe
b) An array of surface coil probes
c) Both a and b
d) The same coil as used for excitation