,sffi,#ffiffi yffiAffis ffiF PH[18 PFH Nffi PR ffi,-f4g ST#RY

Chcrrl prepored [:'y ihe Di','ision oI Anfhropology, Philippine lrJciic'ncrl Museum

CULTURA,L PERIODS AND C!{ARP^ETERISTICS ILLUSTRATED FEATURES OF THE CUTTURAL PFRIODS

/.,G8 CF CCI'ITI,,CTS By' lhe l2tlr ceniury, /..D., lhe r:ocsioi Fiirpinc,l \.,,cre (.orryirrg crr iornisl
4r...lD tRA"t-)E wtTFi irnrie ',','rtir Chinc, tl,:ntbr:rJi.lr. lr-.do-Cirrrro, in,:iclrcii,cr. lvioicr ',:,iar, inciir: crnci
THE EAST Ar"clbicl. 1'he prirrr:rprct irclcie i4,115 ',,,,iilr Soutfr L-lrir''c: rnerclilrni:,r,lri:. in jL;rris
f i), ['riotrcl lrl lr:ri-1e clucrr-rlitrel ci J.roiler7,, {2) inciu,-J ing 1or-. {-ii, v,,hrr. l b,ertrnrr:
59 lirqlilv ','t:iur:d ilicrl lliey replcrcecl oli Filii:irrc,-nrcrtJc. ,.lt,,iii.i'i i.:.r'rr,:l:rt lirol flr
hc,o-sehoicl usc {4) The Chinese olso rniroclu,:rd ll-rc pni,ier-v:ic,i,r, l5i v,.ilch rs
vtrdesFreod in 1l're
r)crv,; scr
'slorrcJ:.
In ocjdition lo Poliery, lhe foreign nrerclrorrls irior.rqhi i"i riciii oncj rrorr
ond inlrocjuceci rrevr fishing ielrr(tss, economic plonl:; , nc,,r.,;rnlf,:rns c,f tlress.
crnd even ircrits of socinl lif e. l'he Filininos in trrrr', troriecj prr.rdr.rcls of lhe
icrnd, sec orrd foresl.
Ir00 A.D As contocts with !h* f irieign rnerclroriii incr eusrcJ, trcrcl irrc; c,;riteru,
enrerrled in Monilo, Cebu, Jolo crlro r:itlrer oreos of the orclrrJrelcgo- By tiris
lime, ic,o, most of lhe F.,,:rsic socicrl crrrcj culturol feolurer oi rorrlemporcrry Fil"
ipino iife lrocl crysfcrllized oncl s r,terreroliz-ed Filinino culfiire crncl sncit:fy hod
rjrne ruc d.
Tlrr: lslcrrrric rc:licrrotr',vos cr lso inlrocJuccd cjr,rr"inc; tlris pcriod, obout lhe
nridclls of the i5th cenlury A.D, enrl:rocing il-rr fiilipinas cf ilre Sr"riu Archipe"
loqo, soutltern ivlirrdcr noo oncJ Polcrivorr. itill eurlirir, ,,r lypr: r:f s'yilobic vrrit-
.l,000 ing v;os inlri:durr-:r-l {rcrnr Inclonesirr ond cil tlie lirire oi Spr:rrir,lr r:orrlcrr:l nrort
o{ the r-r:r.tslol pei.plcs rn f lie [rlrilipsi11115, v,'i:r r {ilef r.rt*.

METAL AGE
Aboul 400 B.{:. pn,rsibiy errrli,.rr, tlre firsf rnrlnls - l)rorrze {t-r orrcl /}, coJ;r"
per, gold -* {rp{}cored nlnnq'"vrih ilnouliful c,rnorrrr:rrfs nr<:rrl* o{ ind* {8 crnci
9] and other semi-pr€icious !lcnr,,:5. Shnrtl'v nflcrv,'rrrcls. l:y crl lci-rsl 200 LC.,
irott npperr:rr:d (10) sv;eepirrg; llrrc'uolraui llre i:rciirpcbclo tvJ rnniclly thnt rt
subnrerged rrny rlevelcrprnenl rf r:r trur:'Cap1:cr Brnn;r A.11r:' iri lhe Philip-
pines. Tlre bosic fechnologico{ clronLlelvnr fhus fron slotre"fool r.rsrng; io ir*:n
t'cols nnd weopons. lt ir believecl lhnt lhri l,vpu of {orge rr..*cJ lo,work irori
{li},.vrrs sinrilor to tlrr.r{ -till {ourrd (inrori!J ihe rtrcruriffiin pr,cplcl r:f l}ie Philip"

During the Mefol Age the crl of weoving vritlr fhe bcrck-lc,om {i?iap'
peorrd, This fype oi loc,nr is si;ll u:.ecl lly trtcr-rrltrritt per:ple:i r'rrch $s llr,:, liu,
goo of norlhern Luzor', ancl lhe Arlnrrcicryo cf Dc:,ruo. fl r.s Jrossil>lt tlicrl trlnss
mol..ing,,vcrs l.nnvrn riurirt*cJ llte nreln! oge *--b.-ods nrrcl lrritceltts of [Jreetr
ond blue gloss being rnnnu{nclurerJ. Pc,lleiry-nrr-rking contirruncJ lo be highly
cievelopcd ns shorvn by lhe tvide runrle of {ornrs, corttmr:ttly ',t'ith hig}r ioot
rims lili|, ond beouf ifulll' rnciscd rie:;itlrrs.
'the deod coniinuecl to t:e buri*C rn lnrge rc:r llir:nv/ore iors e ilher: rrt
cc!!r'es or in open oreos in whir-h fhc lcrrs ltrrcl cor',iir"s nrcrle n{ r:c,.ni or n:;oft
slone. The use of v,roorJ*rr coffirrs {l4l crppcrrrecl, l',:r tlre fir:.t lirrrr riruing llre
Melnl Age, The coflins v"ere rrlsc Jrlncr;rJ itt cnv*1.
Tlris periocl solv rr nrorlled growth !f t,[1grt:rulrrfiorr rrir:np] titn consis;
bcrys, ond riverr nf tlrc lrrrr;ur islnrrds, t.trilTyTiui li,:trst Jrltcrs* o[ lhe M*lcrf
hge nrnny of the blrrc fenfures of ptr:stnl-rk:y'Fiiiprncr cullute lrncl nrnetqerl.
Fxcepl for corn, ilre sv,'t'el pctrrlo, tlrc cossavu, ctrd fobaccc,. '-rll n{ rvhrc}t
167s1s inlroducecj f ronr lhe rlev/ \,,,rJr lr,l Lry' lhe Spcrnicrrcls, lhe bcr:ic crops vylricll.,
nve llnovr todny --- lir.e, mll[el, lrgs, lc'cl (:{ops "-:.:- rlr,rero nlr*rrrJy fllfnleri cjurl,
inr; ihe M*lr:rl Agn, ,,.r'.: :: ,.,; ., :..''..'
2t'}0
r: :ili , ir'l!'. ,. :. :
':,:'.'."' ' .

: NEW STONE AGE {NEOllTHlCl .

When the ser ler,+l br.gcrn fr: riic cjt tlte fernlinolion r:f thc lce Aqes, lhr,
'l ' lrrnrj brirJges clisnppenrerl. Tlre rrrifJrrrtrng peoples now usett t5r:cts tii sciil inlo
tlre,Philippines. Thev brouglrt'*iflt lltern tonlr ,vltich,,were v,n5fly tttore e$t'
cient ond lhrr firsf: ogr,rullrrrnl lr"cllrriclues, prollobly rice ond, l<;tro, Anirrrols
were dcnreslicoted sucll rrs tirc.J:ro cilll chicken" Mntt rnovecl out n{ lh,: rrr',;es
olrd begon !c settle crfarliy lhr: coosl,', v;lrr:re fish, crrrL5,, sirrinrp" c,n,;J ltreliiish
:vrere plerrtiful. !t is oppnrertl fhot th* peollle lived'in rmcll lrcrnrlsls,q-rnil tlrcrl

$\$
the populolion, except crn: Luzljn, ","'os snrnll, l, ,

\i ,,ru-
.l6,
S in cross-sectrnn (15, l7 orrrJ 18J iiut,irrciucfed lools.-:f olher {orr1r( ir}uh rts
$ gouges {20} for bont.burlclinu: S;r,:ur p.!ttrrs {l9l nnd orltqrnerrfs {?'}! in;511s
t olso nrode of stcrre. Durrnq the f.lrolilttic clc,lhirri; '*os nrcrde fronr lirc bclk
{ of t,:ees in which lrenlers i??} rcxhinneci fronr stJrr* vrere useci io l:ounrj llre
5 bort. Aboul'1500 B,C.rrntiery,{?.lJi.vns rntrocluceci rnto'tf,e PhilrFttines rrs,ar*ll
os lhe Jlroctice of piuci.rgt llrtr bt:nes i:'f tlre cli:'nd irr lrotlery r(!r! rihrri't'.r..,rr,
then hidden irr cuves, Ihe r:cr.rg: rv]irr:h irnrJ lterrn us*ri.i'or htrl:rlrrir..T rr iri lii+
tlt
{
ttl

T
Old Stone Aqe no* were useci oni'r ior'cenrclerrer'
The eorliesl Neolrfirrc lools v;er* qroutrci only on lhe edge oi th.:t:locje
L
(271, the body ol the eorly odzes being either rloturol or pecl,.ed ond flo-ked
x into oxe"and-odze-like f'ornrs, Loter lire storre tools ilere loutrd r.rr o-'oi in
UI cross-sectiorr {25) oncl 2o}.

o[D STONE AGE {PALAEOLITHIC}

8000 Mclr ig oncrent irr tlre Philippines hcrvirrg ntovecl into ihe crcliip;elcrtqc) {.r'1.',ll
lond bridgesduring lhe lce Ages or Pleistocene epoch vrhen lhe sea let'el 'rrcrs
lower. As slrovrtt by rhe onciertl'slone tools nnci lhe fossrl rentcins of n hu-
nlclrr {28) erco'rc-rtr:rl 'n llre furtrous Tr'l[:r;rt Cn're' lr:c<rl':cl orr f lle !or''rti1"''g51
consl of Paicl'rzr-tn islunrl , nroclertr mltr iHc,nrr: Snpiens) tec':irerl ih* Plrrlrplrini:s
nt lenst 50,000 ynflr! o(-tr-r . .

Tlrr: ecrrliest Filrpinos *,,ere iq,'r:ci ,";lrlitet erg, Ilurrlr:rs. ctncl ilSl',et t',tt:n '.'rirr:
::ontelimcs livec'l r: iiaht r:nci criry lintes,lon{? cc'vet, c ccrtt}lllcl! lrclcticr: r:rt lhot
tinrr: !lrrcr-,rJ[oul tlte vi*riri. Ct:';i'l t.''t]rtj (l{:.'D rnrl:nricrnl {J! r:r sf;ritr-'i ':,'i ':iirl;l*
br.lls lncJ hircls. Tlr,:,ighc-,rr t'jx(:cr"'nir';r1s hcli'e shov,'rl lhol lfrt fllr';is:t't Fiiiprn':s
ho;l veri,primrtiv:e iools rrr;ir:Je rithi-..:r frcrn flrrkes n{ cherl rvltr,'-h lttrr.l shorp
cr.rttinrl etigr:.s {?9, 30 ,ll nncl .i2} .:r forge cholLpincl tr"rnis itrstriwt*d {t,-..n
tl*ilbies (33,}. f 'ri.11 r,rr,1t'fl!r5 irt Tr.tirnrr Ccrv* hrlr''n 5lrc"+rr !iirtl llt:srt I'ipiir of
lools drcJ nol clir;rtrJe irt tnori-' lhirrr J(-l,il{l(} '.rr-'trt:,.
ln Cogoyon Vcrll.,,i irn(l rrt Pctnqosrnilr! I:)l(:lvlncft, tire fossrl Iiott,-:s r->i e.'t-
tirrcf cnimtris oI iIr'Flcrt,Jcqlrg n;;n,cir ]r(tur 1.r"'rj,'t ft,rrrrr:l, rrr,:luti rncl r'i,ritit;,rr;l:,
slr.:godons, rflnn(r:rot. rlnii r;runl lcrloi;r:',. u;it,cir rli:rf* to f:,r:tiio1:: ililf-l,(00
y{iors fl(lo. Ti: thrr (Jfrlo, lr,:,v;,-:ui:t. r.rtr-it,tr-+(ii{tt()tsf s itr:l','rt rtoi inli.t;i ttt1t,-'-tr,(l'{{}
500008C tnrrl; rlr n!!i.rcic!rr-ln r,,',lh ihr:,;.1 lttrr-tr.l,tti I:.t:;:,,i rlrflllllrlr:ti',. ij'r'i , l!-'ii 5i\r.1i r'.lr -::.111: