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XL-R: Botany: Major

This document outlines the sections that would be covered in a botany course, including plant systematics, anatomy, morphogenesis and development, physiology and biochemistry, genetics, plant breeding and genetic modification, economic botany, plant pathology, and ecology and environment. Some of the key topics covered are plant cell structure, plant growth and development, photosynthesis, plant hormones, principles of heredity and genetics, plant breeding techniques, economically important plants, plant diseases, and ecosystem dynamics.

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JASWANT ADILE
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55 views1 page

XL-R: Botany: Major

This document outlines the sections that would be covered in a botany course, including plant systematics, anatomy, morphogenesis and development, physiology and biochemistry, genetics, plant breeding and genetic modification, economic botany, plant pathology, and ecology and environment. Some of the key topics covered are plant cell structure, plant growth and development, photosynthesis, plant hormones, principles of heredity and genetics, plant breeding techniques, economically important plants, plant diseases, and ecosystem dynamics.

Uploaded by

JASWANT ADILE
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
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XL-R: Botany

Section 1: Plant Systematics


Major systems of classification, plant groups, phylogenetic relationships and molecular systematics.
Section 2: Plant Anatomy:
Plant cell structure and its components; cell wall and membranes; organization, organelles, cytoskeleton,
anatomy of root, stem and leaves, floral parts, embryo and young seedlings, meristems, vascular system,
their ontogeny, structure and functions, secondary growth in plants and stellar organization.
Section 3: Morphogenesis & Development
Cell cycle, cell division, life cycle of an angiosperm, pollination, fertilization, embryogenesis, seed
formation, seed storage proteins, seed dormancy and germination.
Concept of cellular totipotency, clonal propagation; organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis, artificial
seed, somaclonal variation, secondary metabolism in plant cell culture, embryo culture, in vitro
fertilization.
Section 4: Physiology and Biochemistry
Plant water relations, transport of minerals and solutes, stress physiology, stomatal physiology, signal
transduction, N2 metabolism, photosynthesis, photorespiration; respiration, Flowering: photoperiodism
and vernalization, biochemical mechanisms involved in flowering; molecular mechanism of senencensce
and aging, biosynthesis, mechanism of action and physiological effects of plant growth regulators,
structure and function of biomolecules, (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid), enzyme kinetics.
Section 5: Genetics
Principles of Mendelian inheritance, linkage, recombination, genetic mapping; extrachromosomal
inheritance; prokaryotic and eukaryotic genome organization, regulation of gene expression, gene
mutation and repair, chromosomal aberrations (numerical and structural), transposons.
Section 6: Plant Breeding and Genetic Modification
Principles, methods – selection, hybridization, heterosis; male sterility, genetic maps and molecular
markers, sporophytic and gametophytic self incompability, haploidy, triploidy, somatic cell
hybridization, marker-assisted selection, gene transfer methods viz. direct and vector-mediated, plastid
transformation, transgenic plants and their application in agriculture, molecular pharming, plantibodies.
Section 7: Economic Botany
A general account of economically and medicinally important plants- cereals, pulses, plants yielding
fibers, timber, sugar, beverages, oils, rubber, pigments, dyes, gums, drugs and narcotics. Economic
importance of algae, fungi, lichen and bacteria.
Section 8: Plant Pathology
Nature and classification of plant diseases, diseases of important crops caused by fungi, bacteria,
nematodes and viruses, and their control measures, mechanism(s) of pathogenesis and resistance,
molecular detection of pathogens; plant-microbe beneficial interactions.
Section 9: Ecology and Environment
Ecosystems – types, dynamics, degradation, ecological succession; food chains and energy flow;
vegetation types of the world, pollution and global warming, speciation and extinction, conservation
strategies, cryopreservation, phytoremediation.

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