Mathca Mathbook 1ST Edition Q N A

Limits,
Continuity,
Trigonometry
Differentiability
Vectors
Complex
Numbers
Functions
MATHBOOK
Integration
Differentiation
Algebra Probability &

Inferential Statistics
MATHCA Official mathcaofficial.id 0813-8907-2323

TABLE OF CONTENTS
M13.1 Complex Numbers (Q) ………………………………………………......……2
M13.2 Vectors (Q) ……………………..…………………………………..…………16
M13.3 Functions (Q) …………..…………………………………………………..…22
M13.4 Trigonometry (Q) ………………………….………………………………....30
M13.5 Limits, Continuity, and Differentiability (Q) …………………….……….….39
M13.6 Algebra (Q) ……………….…………………………………………………..44
M13.7 Probability and Inferential Statistics (Q) ………………………...………....52
M13.8 Differentiation (Q) ……………………………………………………….…...61
M13.9 Integration (Q) …………………………………………………………..…....69
M13.1 Complex Numbers (A) ………………………………………………......…..78
M13.2 Vectors (A) ……………………..…………………………………………..…85
M13.3 Functions (A) …………..…………………………………………………..…88
M13.4 Trigonometry (A) ………………………….……………………………..…..93
M13.5 Limits, Continuity, and Differentiability (A) ……………………………..…98
M13.6 Algebra (A) ……………….……………………………………………….…101
M13.7 Probability and Inferential Statistics (A) ………………………...………..108
M13.8 Differentiation (A) …………………………………………………………...117
M13.9 Integration (A) ……………………………………………………………....123

QUESTIONS
1
M13.1 COMPLEX NUMBERS
M13.1.1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPLEX NUMBERS
1. Simplify √−48.
A. 4√2𝑖
B. 4√3𝑖
C. 8√3𝑖
D. 16√3𝑖
2. Find the roots of 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 5 = 0

A. 𝑥 = −√2 ± 𝑖
B. 𝑥 = −2 ± 𝑖
C. 𝑥 = √2 ± 𝑖
D. 𝑥 = 2 ± 𝑖
3. Determine roots of 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 10 = 0
1±√31𝑖
A. 2
3±√31𝑖
B. 4
5±√31𝑖
C. 4
3±√31𝑖
D. 2
3−5𝑖
4. Find the real and imaginary parts of
2+3𝑖
9 19
A. The real pat is − 13 and the imaginary part is − 13
19 9
B. The real pat is − 13 and the imaginary part is − 13
9 19
C. The real pat is − and the imaginary part is −
11 11
19 9
D. The real pat is − 11 and the imaginary part is − 11
𝑎+𝑏𝑖
5. The imaginary part of 𝑎−𝑏𝑖 is…
𝑎2 −𝑏2
A. 𝑎2 +𝑏2 𝑖
2𝑎𝑏
B. 𝑖
𝑎2 +𝑏2
𝑎𝑏
C. 𝑖
𝑎2 +𝑏2
𝑎+𝑏
D. 𝑎2 +𝑏2 𝑖
6. Solve this equation 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑖 = 8𝑖 2 − 6𝑖

A. 𝑥 = 8, 𝑦 = −6
2
B. 𝑥 = −8, 𝑦 = 6
C. 𝑥 = 8, 𝑦 = 6
D. 𝑥 = −8, 𝑦 = −6
7. Given that the equation 3𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 2𝑎𝑖 − 𝑏𝑖 = 9 − 𝑖. The value of 𝑎 + 𝑏 is…

A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
8. Find the value of 𝑎 and 𝑏 of (3 − 2𝑖 )(𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 ) = 18 + 𝑖

A. 𝑎 = 3 and 𝑏 = 4
B. 𝑎 = 2 and 𝑏 = 3
C. 𝑎 = 4 and 𝑏 = 3
D. 𝑎 = 3 and 𝑏 = 2
M13.1.2 MANIPULATION OF COMPLEX NUMBERS

1. Simplify 𝑖 4007.
A. 𝑖
B. −1
C. −𝑖
D. 1
2. Write the answer in standard form: (1 + 4𝑖 ) − (−16 + 9𝑖)

A. 17 + 13𝑖
B. 17 − 5𝑖
C. 15 − 13𝑖
D. 15 + 5𝑖
3. Simplify (−3 − 9𝑖)(1 + 10𝑖)

A. 87 + 39𝑖
B. 90 − 39𝑖
C. 90 + 39𝑖
D. 87 − 39𝑖
4. Simplify (2 + 7𝑖)(8 + 3𝑖)

A. −5 + 62𝑖
B. −5 − 62𝑖
C. 5 + 62𝑖
D. 5 − 62𝑖
5. Solve the multiplication of (4 − 5𝑖)(12 + 11𝑖)

3
A. 103 + 16𝑖
B. −103 − 16𝑖
C. −103 + 16𝑖
D. 103 − 16𝑖
7−𝑖
6. Simplify 2+10𝑖
1 9
A. 26 − 26 𝑖
1 9
B. 26 − 13 𝑖
1 9
C. 26 + 13 𝑖
1 9
D. 26 + 26 𝑖
1+5𝑖
7. Simplify −3𝑖
5 1
A. 3 − 3 𝑖
5 1
B. + 𝑖
3 3
5 1
C. − 3 − 3 𝑖
5 1
D. − 3 + 3 𝑖
6+7𝑖
8. Simplify 8−𝑖
62 41
A. + 𝑖
65 65
41 62
B. 65 + 65 𝑖
41 62
C. 65 − 65 𝑖
62 41
D. 65 − 65 𝑖
M13.1.3 GEOMETRICAL REPRESENTATION AND PROPERTIES

1. Convert the following to rectangular form:
2(cos 30° + 𝑖 sin 30°)
A. √3 + 𝑖
B. √3 − 𝑖
√3 1
C. 2
+ 2𝑖
4
√3 1
D. − 2𝑖
2
2. Represent the polar equation:

𝜋 𝜋
𝑧 = 4 (cos ( ) + 𝑖 sin ( ))
4 4
In rectangular form.
A. √2 + √2𝑖
B. √2 + 2√2𝑖
C. 2√2 + √2𝑖
D. 2√2 + 2√2𝑖
3. Represent into the complex number 𝑧 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 the argand diagram below:

.
Which statement is true?

A. 𝑧1 = 3 + 4𝑖
B. 𝑧2 = −2 − 5𝑖
C. 𝑧1 + 𝑧2 = 6 − 2𝑖
D. 𝑧2 − 𝑧1 = 2 + 8𝑖
5
4. Find the modulus |𝑧| based on the graph below:
A. √1 − 2𝑎𝑏
B. √1 − (𝑎𝑏)2
C. √𝑎2 + 𝑏2
D. √𝑎2 − 𝑏2
5. Find the argument 𝑡 based on the graph below:
𝑎
A. tan−1 ( )
𝑏
−1 𝑏
B. tan ( )
𝑎
−1 (
C. tan 𝑎 + 𝑏)
𝑏
D. sin−1 (𝑎)
6. Find the modulus of 𝑧 = 3 − 2𝑖
6
A. √13
B. √11
C. 4
D. 1
7. Find the argument of 𝑧 = 8 − 4𝑖

A. 45°
B. −45°
C. 225
D. −135°
8. Convert 𝑧 = 6 + 6𝑖 into polar form.

A. 6(cos 45° − 𝑖 sin 45 °)
B. 6√2(cos 45° − 𝑖 sin 45 °)
C. 6(cos 45° + 𝑖 sin 45 °)
D. 6√2(cos 45° + 𝑖 sin 45 °)
M13.1.4 POWERS AND ROOTS OF COMPLEX NUMBERS

1. Given that 𝑧 = 1 + 𝑖. Determine 𝑧 10
A. −32
B. 32
C. 32𝑖
D. −32𝑖
2. If 𝑧 2 = 1, the value of 𝑧 = ⋯
A. 𝑖 or −𝑖
B. 1 or −1
C. 1 or −𝑖
D. 𝑖 or −1
3. If 𝑧 3 = 1, one of the values of 𝑧 is…

1 1
A. 𝑧 = − 2 − 2 √3𝑖
1 1
B. 𝑧 = + √3𝑖
2 2
1 1
C. 𝑧 = − 2 − 2 √2𝑖
1 1
D. 𝑧 = 2 + 2 √2𝑖
4. Find all complex number 𝑧 such that 𝑧 2 = −1 + 2√6𝑖

A. −√2 − √3𝑖 and −√2 + √3𝑖
7
B. √2 − √3𝑖 and √2 + √3𝑖
C. −√2 − √3𝑖 and √2 + √3𝑖
D. √2 + √3𝑖 and √2 + √3𝑖
5. One of the roots of the equation 𝑧 4 + 𝑧 3 + 2𝑧 2 + 4𝑧 − 8 = 0 is…

A. −1
B. 2
C. √2𝑖
D. 2𝑖
6. Given that one of the roots of equation … is 1 + 𝑖.

A. 𝑧 3 + 2𝑧 2 − 6𝑧 + 8 = 0
B. 𝑧 3 + 2𝑧 2 − 6𝑧 + 6 = 0
C. 𝑧 3 + 2𝑧 2 − 6𝑧 + 4 = 0
D. 𝑧 3 + 2𝑧 2 − 6𝑧 + 2 = 0
3
7. Determine the result of (√3 + 𝑖)
A. −8
B. 6𝑖
C. 8
D. 8𝑖
8. Evaluate (1 − 𝑖 )3 .
A. −2 + 2𝑖
B. −2 − 2𝑖
C. −1 − 𝑖
D. 1 + 2𝑖
M13.1.5 CURVES AND REGIONS

1. Find the complex number based on plot result below.
8
A. 4 − 3𝑖
B. 3 − 4𝑖
C. 3 + 4𝑖
D. 4 + 3𝑖
2. Which of the following graphs represents the expression −1 + 4𝑖?

A.
B.
C.
9
D.
3. Sketch the following complex number 𝑧 that satisfy the given inequality:
|2𝑧 + 3| < 1
A.
B.
10
C.
D.
4. Sketch the following complex number 𝑧 that satisfy the given inequality:
|𝑧| ≤ |2𝑧 + 1|
A.
11
B.
C.
D.
𝜋
5. Locate the points representing the complex number z for which |𝜋 − arg(𝑧)| <
4
3𝜋 5𝜋
A. − 4
< arg(𝑧) < 4
5𝜋 3𝜋
B. − < arg(𝑧) <
4 4
3𝜋 5𝜋
C. 4
< arg(𝑧) < 4
5𝜋 3𝜋
D. − < arg(𝑧) < −
4 4
12
𝜋
6. Sketch the region given by 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) = 4
A.
B.
C.
13
D.
7. Graph |𝑧 − 𝑖 | = 2.
A.
B.
14
C.
D.
8. A complex number 𝑧 satisfies |𝑧 − 2 + 3𝑖 | = 2. Write into circle equation.

A. (𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑦 + 2)2 = 4
B. (𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = 4
C. (𝑥 + 2)2 + (𝑦 − 3)2 = 4
D. (𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 + 3)2 = 4
15
M13.2 VECTORS
M13.2.1 ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS ON VECTORS
9. Given that 𝑎⃑ = 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂ , 𝑏⃑⃑ = 3𝑖̂ + 5𝑘̂ , 𝑐⃑ = −2𝑖̂ − 4𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ , and 𝑢
⃑⃑ = 2𝑎⃑ + 𝑏⃑⃑ − 𝑐⃑.
𝑢
⃑⃑ = ⋯
A. 7𝑖̂ + 8𝑗̂ − 7𝑘̂
B. 7𝑖̂ + 8𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂
C. 2𝑖̂ + 6𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂
D. 2𝑖̂ + 8𝑗̂ − 7𝑘̂
⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑ .
10. Given that points 𝐴(2, −1) and 𝐵(6,2). Determine 𝐴𝐵
A. (4,3)
B. (4, −3)
C. (−4,3)
D. (−4, −3)
11. Given that 𝑝⃑ = (23), 𝑞⃑ = (𝑎𝑏); if 𝑟⃑ = 𝑝⃑ + 𝑞⃑ = (55). The value of 𝑎 + 𝑏 = ⋯

A. 5
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8
12. Given that points 𝐴(2, −1,3) and 𝐵(2,1,1). Determine ⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑
𝐴𝐵.
A. (0 , −2 , 2)
B. (0 , 2 , 2)
C. (0 , −2 , −2)
D. (0 , 2 , −2)
13. Given that 𝐴(1, −1,2), 𝐵(2, −1,2), 𝐶(2,2,0). If 𝑢 ⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑ and 𝑣⃑ = 𝐴𝐶
⃑⃑ = 𝐴𝐵 ⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑ . Determine 2𝑢
⃑⃑ + 𝑣⃑
A. 3𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ − 5𝑘̂
B. 2𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂
C. 3𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂
D. 2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂
M13.2.2 NORM OF A VECTOR AND UNIT VECTORS

2
⃑⃑ = [1]
9. Compute the length of the vector 𝑢
0
A. 1
B. √3
16
C. √5
D. 5
2𝑥
10. For which value of 𝑥 the length of 𝑣⃑ = [ 𝑥 ] is √5 ?
0
A. 1 or 0
B. 1 or −1
C. 2 or 1
D. 0 or −1
11. Express the given vector in terms of the unit vectors 𝑖̂, 𝑗̂ and 𝑘̂ . (12, 0, 2)
A. 12𝑖̂ − 2𝑘̂
B. 12𝑖̂ + 2𝑘̂
C. . 12𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂
D. 12𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂
2
⃑⃑ = [−2]. Calculate the unit vector!
12. Given that the vector 𝑢
1
2 2 1
A. 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂
3 3 3
2 2 1
B. 3 𝑖̂ − 3 𝑗̂ − 3 𝑘̂
2 2 1
C. − 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂
3 3 3
2 2 1
D. 3 𝑖̂ − 3 𝑗̂ + 3 𝑘̂
2 1 𝑥
13. Given that unit vector 𝑢̂ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ . Where 𝑥 is positive. Find 𝑥.
√14 √14 √14
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
M13.2.3 DOT PRODUCT AND ITS APPLICATIONS

1 4 3
⃑⃑
1. Given that 𝑎⃑ = ( 2 ) , 𝑏 = ( 4 ), and 𝑐⃑ = (−4).
−3 𝑚 5
If 𝑎⃑ ⊥ 𝑏⃑⃑, find the result of 𝑎⃑ + 2𝑏⃑⃑ − 𝑐⃑
6
A. (14)
0
17
6
B. (14)
6
6
C. (14)
10
6
D. (14)
12
1 2
2. Given that 𝑎⃑ = ( 2 ) , 𝑏 = (1). If 𝑎⃑ ⊥ 𝑏⃑⃑. The value 𝑥 is…
⃑⃑
−𝑥 2
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
⃑⃑ and 𝑣⃑ are unit vectors that form angle 45°. Determine (𝑢

3. If 𝑢 ⃑⃑ + 𝑣⃑ ) ∙ 𝑣⃑
1
A. 2
√2
B. 2
2−√2
C.
2
2+√2
D. 2
1 1
⃑⃑ = (1) and 𝑣⃑ = ( 0 ). Find the angle between 𝑢
4. Given that 𝑢 ⃑⃑ and 𝑣⃑.
1 −1
A. 0°
B. 30°
C. 60°
D. 90°
2 1
⃑
⃑
5. Given that 𝑎⃑ = (−3) and 𝑏 = (−2). The value of sinus angle between vector 𝑎⃑ and
1 3
⃑𝑏⃑ is…
4√3
A.
14
5√3
B. 14
6√3
C.
14
18
7√3
D. 14
M13.2.4 EQUATION OF LINES

1. Determine the vector equation for a line through point 𝐴(2, −3,5) and 𝐵(4,5 − 3).
A. 〈𝑥 , 𝑦 , 𝑧〉 = 〈2 , −3 , 5〉 + 〈2𝑡 , 8𝑡 , −8𝑡〉
B. 〈𝑥 , 𝑦 , 𝑧〉 = 〈2 , −3 , 5〉 + 〈2𝑡 , −8𝑡 , 8𝑡〉
C. 〈𝑥 , 𝑦 , 𝑧〉 = 〈2 , −3 , 5〉 + 〈𝑡 , 6𝑡 , −8𝑡〉
D. 〈𝑥 , 𝑦 , 𝑧〉 = 〈2 , −3 , 5〉 + 〈𝑡 , 6𝑡 , 8𝑡〉
2. Determine the parametric equation for a line through point 𝐴(2, −3,5) and 𝐵(4,5 − 3).
A. 𝑥 = 2 + 2𝑡
𝑦 = −3 − 8𝑡
𝑧 = 5 − 8𝑡
B. 𝑥 = 2 + 2𝑡
𝑦 = −3 + 8𝑡
𝑧 = 5 − 8𝑡
C. 𝑥 = 2 − 2𝑡
𝑦 = −3 + 8𝑡
𝑧 = 5 − 8𝑡
D. 𝑥 = 2 + 2𝑡
𝑦 = −3 + 8𝑡
𝑧 = 5 + 8𝑡
3. Determine the symmetric equation for a line through point 𝐴(2, −3,5) and 𝐵(4,5 − 3).
𝑥−2 𝑦+3 𝑧−5
A. = =
2 8 8
𝑥−2 𝑦−3 5−𝑧
B. = =
2 8 8
𝑥−2 𝑦+3 5−𝑧
C. = =
2 6 8
𝑥−2 𝑦+3 5−𝑧
D. = =
2 8 8
4. Convert the parametric equation below into symmetric equation:

𝑥 = 3 + 2𝑡
𝑦 = −2 + 8𝑡
𝑧 = 4 − 6𝑡
𝑥−3 𝑦+2 𝑧−4
A. 2 = 8 = 6
𝑥−3 𝑦+1 𝑧−4
B. = =
2 4 6
𝑥−3 𝑦+2 4−𝑧
C. = =
2 8 6
𝑥−3 𝑦−2 4−𝑧
D. = =
2 8 6
19
5. Find symmetric equation of the line passing through the points (1, −1,2) and (2,1,5).
𝑦−1 𝑧−5
A. 𝑥 − 2 = =
2 3
𝑥−2 𝑦−1 𝑧−5
B. = =
2 2 3
𝑦+1 𝑧−5
C. 𝑥 − 2 = =
2 3
𝑦−1 𝑧−5
D. 𝑥 + 2 = =
2 3
M13.2.5 RATIO FORMULA

1. 𝑍(4,5) and 𝑋(7, −1) are two given points and the point 𝑌 divides the line-segment
𝑍𝑋 externally in the ratio 4: 3. Find the coordinates of 𝑌.
A. (16 , 19)
B. (16 , −19)
C. (−16 , −19)
D. (−16 , 19)
2. Find the midpoint of segment 𝐴𝐵 where 𝐴(2,3) and 𝐵(6,7).
9 9
A. (2 , 2)
5 13
B. (2 , 2 )
C. (4 , 5)
D. (2 , 7)
3. Find the coordinates of the point which divides the line segment joining the points
𝐴(−2,3) and 𝐵(4,7) and internally in the ratio 4 ∶ 7
2 49
A. (11 , 11)
49 2
B. (11 , 11)
6 4
C. (11 , 11)
5 7
D. (11 , 11)
4. The coordinates of the point which divides the line segment joining the points (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 )
and (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) internally in the ratio 𝑚: 𝑛 are given by…
20
𝑚𝑥2 +𝑛𝑥1 𝑚𝑦2 +𝑛𝑦1
A. ( , )
𝑚−𝑛 𝑚−𝑛
𝑚𝑥2 −𝑛𝑥1 𝑚𝑦2 −𝑛𝑦1
B. ( , )
𝑚𝑥2 −𝑛𝑥1 𝑚𝑦2 −𝑛𝑦1
C. ( , )
𝑚+𝑛 𝑚+𝑛
D. ( , )
𝑚+𝑛 𝑚+𝑛
5. Find coordinate of point which divides the line segment joining points 𝐴(0,0) and 𝐵(9,12)
in the ratio 1: 2.
A. (3,4)
B. (4,3)
C. (−3,4)
D. (−4,3)
21
M13.3 FUNCTIONS
M13.3.1 OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS
14. Given that 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 – 5 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 – 1 . Find (𝑓 𝑜 𝑔)(𝑥 ).

A. 𝑥 2 + 5
B. 𝑥 2 − 6
C. 𝑥 2 + 7
D. 𝑥 2 − 8
15. Given that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 – 1 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 – 7. Find (𝑔 𝑜 𝑓)(3).

A. -3
B. 3
C. 4
D. -4
2𝑥−1
16. Given that 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 – 1 and 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥+2
. The value of (𝑓 𝑜 𝑔)(3) is …
A. 5
B. 4
C. 3
D. 2
17. Given that (𝑓 𝑜 𝑔)(𝑥) = 6𝑥 – 3 and 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 5. Find 𝑔(𝑥 ).

A. 3𝑥 − 3
B. 3𝑥 − 4
C. 3𝑥 + 3
D. 3𝑥 + 4
18. If (𝑓 𝑜 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 – 4 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 3, then the value of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = ⋯

A. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 5
B. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 5
C. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 5
D. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 5
19. Given that 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 8. Find the value of 𝑓(3).

A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
20. If 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 6 and 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 + 2. Find 𝑓(𝑥 ) + 𝑔(𝑥).

A. 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1
22
B. 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3
C. 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 2
D. 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 4
21. Given that 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 + 2 and 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 − 3, The value of 𝑓 (5)𝑔(2) is…

A. -7
B. -8
C. -9
D. -10
𝑝(−1)
22. Given that 𝑝(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 2. and 𝑞(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 2, =⋯
𝑞(3)
A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
23. Given that 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 1; 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 + 2; ℎ(𝑥 ) = 𝑓(𝑥)/𝑔(𝑥). Determine ℎ(5).

A. 20/7
B. 22/7
C. 24/7
D. 26/7
24. Find the domain of 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 7.

A. (0, 1)
B. (− ∞ , 0)
C. (0 , + ∞)
D. (− ∞ , + ∞)
1
25. What is the domain of 𝑔(𝑥 ) = − 𝑥 + 8.
A. (− ∞ , 8) ∪ (8 , + ∞)
B. (−8 ,8)
C. (8, ∞)
D. (−∞, 8)
𝑥−6
26. Find the domain of ℎ(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 − 8
A. (2, + ∞)
B. (4, + ∞)
C. (− ∞ , 2) ∪ (2, + ∞)
D. (− ∞ , 4) ∪ (4, + ∞)
23
5
27. What is the domain of 𝑓(𝑥 ) = ?
√−𝑥 + 4
A. (4, ∞)
B. (− ∞ , 4)
C. (− ∞ , 4) ∪ (4, + ∞)
D. {4}
√−𝑥 + 5
28. Find the domain of ℎ(𝑥 ) = .
√𝑥 − 3
A. 3 ≤ 𝑥 < 5
B. 3 < 𝑥 < 5
C. 3 < 𝑥 ≤ 5
D. 3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 5
29. Find the range of function 𝑓 defined by: 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 1.

A. [ −1 , +∞)
B. [ −1 , 1]
C. ( −1 , 1)
D. (−∞ , 1]
30. Find the range of the function 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = −𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 5.

A. 𝑓(𝑥) ≤ 14
B. 0 < 𝑓(𝑥) ≤ 14
C. 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 14
D. 𝑓(𝑥) ∈ ℝ
31. Find the range of the function 𝑔(𝑥) = |𝑥 + 4| − 3

A. (−∞ , −3]
B. [−3 , ∞)
C. [3 , ∞)
D. (−∞ , 3]
𝑥−2
32. Find the range of the function ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥+3
A. (−∞ , 1)
B. (1 , ∞)
C. (−∞ , ∞)
D. (−∞ , 1) ∪ (1 , ∞)
1
33. Find the range of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥−3|
A. (0 , ∞)
B. (−∞, ∞)
C. (0,3)
24
D. (−∞, 3)
M13.3.2 GRAPHS OF FUNCTIONS

14. If the graph 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 has maximum point (1, 2), determine the value of 𝑎 dan
𝑏.
A. 𝑎 = −2, 𝑏 = −3
B. 𝑎 = −2, 𝑏 = 3
C. 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = −3
D. 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = 3
15. Given that the function 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + (𝑎 + 1) has axis of symmetry 𝑥 = 3,

determine the maximum value.
A. 7
B. 8
C. 9
D. 10
16. Determine a graph that crosses (−1, 3) and has a minimum point is equal to the
maximum of graph 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 3.
A. 𝑦 = 4𝑥 2 + 16𝑥 + 15
B. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 8
C. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1
D. 𝑦 = 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 12
17. Find all intervals on which function 𝑓 given by 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = sin 𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ [0, 2𝜋] is concave up.
A. (𝜋 , 2 𝜋)
𝜋
B. (2 , 𝜋)
𝜋 3𝜋
C. ( , )
2 2
D. (0 , 𝜋)
18. Determine all inflection points of function 𝑓 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 4 − 𝑥 3 + 2

1 2032
A. (0 ,2) and (4 , 1024)
1 2047
B. (0 ,2) and (4 , 1024)
1 2032
C. (0 ,2) and ( , )
8 1024
1 2047
D. (0 ,2) and (8 , 1024)
19. Determine the inflection point of 𝑓(𝑥 ) = −𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 + 1

A. (1 , 3)
25
B. (1 , 6)
C. (2 , 3)
D. (2 , 6)
20. Consider the following quadratic function graph.
if the function graph 𝑓 cut 𝑥-axis at point 𝐴(𝑎, 0) and 𝐵(𝑎 + 6,0). Find the abscissa of
turning point of 𝑓.
A. 𝑥 = 𝑎 + 1
B. 𝑥 = 𝑎 + 2
C. 𝑥 = 𝑎 + 3
D. 𝑥 = 𝑎 + 4
21. 𝐴 and 𝐵 are the two points located on parabola 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 5 and have the
same distance to 𝑥-axis. If the point 𝑇 lies on the line 𝑥 = 𝑘 such that |𝑇𝐴| = |𝑇𝐵|,
Then the value of 𝑘 = ⋯
1
A. 2
B. 1
3
C. 2
D. 2
22. The function graph 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 7 can be obtained by shifting the function graph
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 in the direction…
A. Shifting graph 𝑓 to the right 3 units and shifting down 2 units
B. Shifting graph 𝑓 to the right 2 units and shifting down 3 units.
C. Shifting graph 𝑓 to the left 3 units and shifting up 2 units.
D. Shifting graph 𝑓 to the left 2 units and shifting up 3 units.
26
23. Find the value of 𝑓(2) based on the graph given below.
A. -14
B. -15
C. -16
D. -17
24. If the graph below through (3,2). The equation of the function graph below is…
A. 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 6
B. 𝑓(𝑥) = −2𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 − 4
C. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = −2𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 6
D. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = −𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4
25. Given that the quadratic function 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 𝑎 has an axis of symmetry 𝑥 = 3. The
maximum value of that function is…
A. 8
B. 10
C. 12
D. 14
27
26. Find the value of 𝑎 such that 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = (𝑎 + 1)𝑥 2 − 2𝑎𝑥 + (𝑎 − 2) is negative definite.
A. 𝑎 > 0
B. 𝑎 < −2
C. 𝑎 > 4
D. 𝑎 < 6
27. 𝑓 is a quadratic function such that through point (1, 0), (4, 0), (0, −4). The value of
𝑓(7) is…
A. -14
B. -18
C. -22
D. -26
28. If the discriminant is 𝐷, find the value limit of 𝑎, 𝑐, and 𝐷 based the graph 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 +
𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 below
A. 𝑎 > 0, 𝑐 > 0, 𝐷 > 0

B. 𝑎 > 0, 𝑐 > 0, 𝐷 < 0
C. 𝑎 > 0, 𝑐 < 0, 𝐷 < 0
D. 𝑎 < 0, 𝑐 < 0, 𝐷 < 0
29. Find the turning point of function 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5.

A. (1,3)
B. (2,0)
C. (0,1)
D. (2,5)
1
30. Determine vertical asymptotes of the following function 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = −𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 𝑥−2
A. 𝑦 = 2
B. 𝑥 = 0
C. 𝑥 = 2
D. 𝑥 = −2
28
𝑥+2
31. A function is defined by the following rational equation: 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥+5
What are the horizontal and vertical asymptotes of this function's graph?
1 5
A. 𝑥 = − 2 and 𝑦 = 2
5 1
B. 𝑥 = − 2 and 𝑦 = 2
1 5
C. 𝑥 = 2 and 𝑦 = − 2
5 1
D. 𝑥 = 2 and 𝑦 = − 2
𝑥 2 +𝑥−2
32. A function is defined by the following rational equation: 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥+3
What line does 𝑓(𝑥) approach as 𝑥 approaches infinity?
A. 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 2
B. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 2
C. 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 2
D. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 2
𝑥 3 −1
33. Find asymptotes of the function 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥2 −1
A. Only vertical asymptote 𝑥 = −1
B. Only slant asymptote 𝑦 = 𝑥
C. Slant asymptote 𝑦 = 𝑥 and vertical asymptote 𝑥 = 1
D. Slant asymptote 𝑦 = 𝑥 and vertical asymptote 𝑥 = −1
29
M13.4 TRIGONOMETRY
M13.4.1 IDENTITIES AND EXACT VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS
1−sin 𝐴
1. Simplify 1 + sin 𝐴
A. tan 𝐴
B. (sec 𝐴 − tan 𝐴)2
C. (sec 𝐴 − csc 𝐴)2
D. cos2 𝐴
E. sec 𝐴 + tan 𝐴
2. Which of the following is an identity?

A. sin2 𝑢 = 1 + cos 2 𝑢
B. cot 𝑢 = (sin 𝑢)(cos 𝑢)
1
C. sin2 𝑢 = 1 − sec2 𝑢
D. cos(−𝑢) = − cos 𝑢
3. Simplify sin 𝜃 (csc 𝜃 − sin 𝜃).

A. sin(2𝜃)
B. cos(2𝜃)
C. sin2 𝜃
D. cos 2 𝜃
4. Find the value of cos(−420°)

A. 0
1
B.
2
1
C. √2
2
1
D. √3
2
5. Find the exact value of cot(840°)

1
A. − 3 √3
1
B. 3 √3
C. −√3
D. √3
7𝜋
6. Find the exact value of csc (− )
4
A. √2
1
B. 2 √2
C. 1
30
1
D. 3 √6
7. Find the exact value of sec(−75°)

A. √2
B. √6
C. √6 − √2
D. √6 + √2
M13.4.2 TRIGONOMETRIC GRAPHS

34. Determine is the period of the graph shown below
𝜋
A. 2
B. 𝜋
3𝜋
C. 2
D. 2𝜋
35. Find the functions represents the graph below.
A. 𝑦 = cos 2 𝑥
31
B. 𝑦 = − cos 𝑥
C. 𝑦 = cos(2𝑥)
D. 𝑦 = cos 𝑥
36. Find the trigonometric functions correspond to the graph shown below.
𝑥
A. 𝑦 = 2 cos (2)
𝑥
B. 𝑦 = 2 cos ( )
4
1 𝑥
C. 𝑦 = 2 cos (4)
𝑥
D. 𝑦 = 2 cos (8)
37. Determine functions below correspond to the given graph.
A. 𝑦 = sin(𝜋𝑥)
B. 𝑦 = − sin(𝜋𝑥)
C. 𝑦 = sin(2𝜋𝑥)
D. 𝑦 = − sin(2𝜋𝑥)
38. Find an the function for the following graph:
32
A.. 𝑦 = 0.5 sin(4𝑥)
B. 𝑦 = 0.5 sin(2𝑥)
𝑥
C. 𝑦 = 0.5 sin (2)
𝑥
D. 𝑦 = 0.5 sin (4)
39. Determine the period of this graph.
𝜋
A.
2
B. 𝜋
3𝜋
C.
2
D. 2𝜋
40. Find the function of this graph.
33
𝜋𝑥 𝜋
A. 𝑦 = cos ( 2 + 4 )
𝜋𝑥 𝜋
B. 𝑦 = cos ( 2 − 4 )
𝜋𝑥 𝜋
C. 𝑦 = sin ( 2 − 4 )
𝜋𝑥 𝜋
D. 𝑦 = sin ( 2 + 4 )
M13.4.3 TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS

1. Find the value of 𝑥 such that sin2 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 = 2 (0 ≤ 𝑥 < 2𝜋)
A. 60°
B. 90°
C. 270°
D. 300°
2. Solve 2 cos 2 𝑥 − √2 cos 𝑥 = 0 (0° ≤ 𝑥 < 360°)

A. 𝑥 = 30°, 90° 180°, 270°
B. 𝑥 = 45°, 120° 270°, 330°
C. 𝑥 = 30°, 60°, 225°, 315°
D. 𝑥 = 45°, 90° 270°, 315°
3. Solve sin2 𝜃 + 2 = 0 (0° ≤ 𝑥 < 360°)

A. 30°
B. 45°
C. 135°
D. No solution
4. Solve cos 𝑥 + 9 = 10 (0° ≤ 𝑥 < 360°)

A. 𝑥 = 0°
B. 𝑥 = 90°
C. 𝑥 = 180°
D. 𝑥 = 270°
5. Solve cos 2 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 = sin2 𝑥 on the interval 0° ≤ 𝑥 < 360°

A. 𝑥 = 30°, 60°, 120°
B. 𝑥 = 60°, 120°, 150°
C. 𝑥 = 60°, 180°, 300°
D. 𝑥 = 60°, 150°, 330°
6. Solve sin 𝛼 = sin(2𝛼) on the interva𝑙 0° ≤ 𝛼 < 360°

A. 𝛼 = 30°, 60°, 90°, 240°
B. 𝛼 = 30°, 120°, 270°, 330°
34
C. 𝛼 = 0°, 45°, 150°, 330°
D. 𝛼 = 0°, 60°, 180°, 300°
7. Find the value of 𝑥 such that sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 = 1 (0° ≤ 𝑥 < 360°)
A. 𝑥 = 0°, 90°, 180°, 270°
B. 𝑥 = 0°, 120°, 270°
C. 𝑥 = 0°, 30°, 60°, 90°
D. 𝑥 = 0°, 60°, 120°, 210°
M13.4.4 APPLICATION OF ADDITION FORMULAE

1. The minimum value of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = sin2 𝑥 + cos 2 𝑥 + sec2 𝑥 + csc 2 𝑥 + tan2 𝑥 + cot 2 𝑥
is…
A. 6
B. 7
C. 8
D. 9
2. The minimum value of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 10 + sec2 𝑥 is…

A. 9
B. 10
C. 11
D. 12
3. The maximum value of 3 sin2 𝑥 + 4 cos 2 𝑥 = ⋯

A. 1
B. 4
C. 7
D. 10
4. The sum of maximum and minimum value of 12 sin2 𝑥 − 3 is…

A. 3
B. 6
C. 9
D. 12
5. Find the maximum value of 𝑦 = 3 sin 𝜃 + 4 cos 𝜃.

A. 4
B. 5
C. 25
D. √31
6. Rewrite 𝑦 = 3 sin 𝑥 − 4 cos 𝑥 in the form 𝑦 = 𝐴 sin(𝑥 + 𝜃).
35
3
A. 𝑦 = 5 sin(𝑥 + tan−1 (4))
3
B. 𝑦 = 5 sin(𝑥 − tan−1 (4))
4
C. 𝑦 = 5 sin(𝑥 + tan−1 (3))
4
D. 𝑦 = 5 sin(𝑥 − tan−1 (3))
7. Express 𝑦 = 3 sin 𝑥 + 4 cos 𝑥 in arccos.

𝑦 4
A. 𝑥 = arccos (5 ) + arctan (3)
𝑦 3
B. 𝑥 = arccos (5 ) − arctan (4)
𝑦 3
C. 𝑥 = arccos (5 ) + arctan (4)
𝑦 4
D. 𝑥 = arccos (5 ) − arctan (3)
M13.4.5 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

4𝜋
1. Evaluate arccos(cos ( 3 ))
𝜋
A. 3
2𝜋
B. 3
C. 𝜋
4𝜋
D. 3
13𝜋
2. Evaluate arcsin(sin ( 4
))
𝜋
A. − 4
𝜋
B. − 2
𝜋
C.
4
𝜋
D. 2
𝜋
3. Find the exact value of tan−1 (sin (− 2 ))
𝜋
A. − 4
𝜋
B. −
6
2𝜋
C. 3
4𝜋
D. 3
3
4. Find the exact value of cos (tan−1 (4))
36
3
A. − 5
4
B. − 5
3
C. 5
4
D. 5
5. Find the range of 𝑦 = sec −1 (𝑥)

A. [0, 𝜋] − {0}
B. [0, 𝜋]
𝜋
C. [0, 𝜋] − { }
2
𝜋
D. [0, 2 ]
6. Determine the domain of 𝑦 = sec −1 (𝑥)

A. ℝ
B. ℝ − (−1,1)
C. (−1,1)
D. (0,1)
7. Determine the graph of y = cos −1 (𝑥)

A.
B.
C.
37
D.
38
M13.5 LIMITS, CONTINUITY AND DIFFERENTIABILITY
M13.5.1 LIMITS
tan2 3𝑡
34. Calculate lim
𝑡→0 2𝑡
1
A. 3
1
B. 2
C. 0
D. 1
𝑥 2 +sin 𝑥
35. Find lim 𝑥+tan 2𝑥
𝑥→0
1
A. 3
1
B. 2
C. 0
D. 1
𝑛2
36. Determine the result of lim
𝑛→∞ √𝑛3 +𝑛2 +1+7
A. 0
B. ∞
C. 1
D. −∞
1 4
37. Find lim (𝑥−2 − 𝑥2 −4)
𝑥→2
1
A.
2
1
B. − 2
1
C. 4
1
D. − 4
ln 𝑥 2
38. Find lim 𝑥2 −1
𝑥→1
A. 1
1
B. 2
1
C. − 2
D. 2
sin(𝜋𝑥)
39. Find the value of lim
𝑥→1 ln 𝑥
A. 0
39
𝜋
B. 2
C. −𝜋
D. 𝜋
M13.5.2 PIECEWISE FUNCTIONS

41. Determine lim 𝑓(𝑥), if 𝑓 is defined as below.
𝑥→4
2𝑥 + 3, 𝑥<4
𝑓(𝑥) = {
5𝑥 − 9, 𝑥≥4
A. Does not exist
B. 11
C. −11
D. 0
42. Evaluate lim 𝑓(𝑥), if 𝑓 is defined as below.

𝑥→0
𝑥 2 + 4, 𝑥<0
𝑓(𝑥) = {
√𝑥, 𝑥≥0
A. Does not exist
B. 4
C. 0
D. 1
43. Determine value of 𝑝 so that lim 𝑓(𝑥) exist, when 𝑓 is defined as follows:
𝑥→3
2𝑥 + 7, 𝑥<3
𝑓(𝑥) = {
𝑝𝑥 − 5, 𝑥≥3
A. 5
16
B. 3
17
C.
3
D. 6
9
44. Determine the value of 𝑚 + 𝑛 so that lim1 𝑓(𝑥) = 4 when 𝑓 is defined as below.
𝑥→
4
1
𝑚𝑥 + 2𝑛, 𝑥<
𝑓(𝑥) = { 4
1
5𝑥 + 𝑛, 𝑥≥
4
A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
40
45. Evaluate lim 𝑓(𝑥) when 𝑓 is defined as follows:
𝑥→4
𝜋
sin ( 𝑥) , 𝑥<4
8
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = { 1
𝑥, 𝑥≥4
4
A. 0
1
B. 2
1
C. 2 √2
D. 1
46. Based on the graph below, which statement is true.
A. lim 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 4
𝑥→0
B. lim 𝑓 (𝑥 ) is exist
𝑥→0
C. lim 𝑓 (𝑥 ) does not exist
𝑥→0
D. lim 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 0
𝑥→0
M13.5.3 LIMITS, CONTINUITY AND DIFFERENTIABILITY

−1, 𝑥 ≤ 0
1. Find 𝑎 and 𝑏 so that 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = {𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏, 0 < 𝑥 ≤ 1 continue at 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑥 = 1
1, 𝑥 > 1
A. 2 and -1
B. 2 and 1
C. -2 and -1
D. -2 and 1
41
2. The graph of 𝑓(𝑥) is given below. Based on this graph determine all 𝑥 where the function
is discontinuous?
A. 𝑥 = −4, 𝑥 = −1, 𝑥 = 2
B. 𝑥 = −4, 𝑥 = 2, 𝑥 = 4
C. 𝑥 = −4, 𝑥 = −1, 𝑥 = 2, 𝑥 = 4
D. 𝑥 = 4
3. Based on this graph 𝑓 determine all 𝑥 where the function is discontinuous?
A. 𝑥 = −2, 𝑥 = 6
B. 𝑥 = 6
C. 𝑥 = −8, 𝑥 = −2, 𝑥 = 6, 𝑥 = 10
D. 𝑥 = −8, 𝑥 = −2, 𝑥 = 6
𝑥 2 −9
4. Given that 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 3𝑥2 +2𝑥−8 . Determine where the given function is discontinuous.
4
A. 𝑥 = −2, 𝑥 = 3
4
B. 𝑥 = −2, 𝑥 = − 3
4
C. 𝑥 = 2, 𝑥 = 3
42
4
D. 𝑥 = 2, 𝑥 = − 3
5. Based on the graph, where 𝑓 is differentiable?
A. (−4 , 2)
B. [−4 , 2)
C. (−1 , 4)
D. [2 , 4)
6. Based on the graph, where 𝑓 is differentiable?
A. (−10, −2)
B. [−2 , 6]
C. [6 , 10)
D. [2 , 6)
43
M13.6 ALGEBRA
M13.6.1 SEQUENCES
40. A partial sum of an arithmetic sequence is given. Find the sum.
6 + 10 + 14 + . . . + 62
A. 390
B. 420
C. 510
D. 620
1 1 1 1
41. Simplify the sum of 22 −1 + 32 −1 + 42 −1 + ⋯ + 102 −1
3 1 1
A. 4 − 2(10) − 2(11)
3 1 1
B. 4 − 10 − 11
3 1 1
C. 4 − 11 − 12
3 1 1
D. 4 − 2(11) − 2(12)
3. The sum of the first 𝑛 terms of the series

𝑛(𝑛+1)2
12 + 2(2)2 + 32 + 2(4)2 + 52 + 2(6)2 + ⋯ is , when 𝑛 is even . When 𝑛 is odd,
2
the sum is…
𝑛2(𝑛+1)
A. 2
𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1)
B. 6
𝑛(𝑛+1)2
C. 2
𝑛2(𝑛+1)2
D.
2
1
4. Determine the limit of the sequence { sin2 𝑛}
𝑛3
1
A. 4
1
B. 2
C. 1
D. 0
5. Calculate the limit of the sequence and classify it as “convergent or divergent”

𝑛3 − 𝑛2 + 𝑛 + 2
𝑎𝑛 =
2𝑛2 − 1
A. ½, divergent
B. ½, convergent
C. ∞, convergent
D. ∞, divergent
44
6. Write the formula describing the sequence 6, 14, 22, 30, …
A. 𝑛 + 5
B. 8𝑛 − 2
C. 4𝑛 + 2
D. 10𝑛 − 4
7. A brick wall has 10 bricks in the first row, but each row has 3 more bricks than the
previous one. How many bricks are from first to 12𝑡ℎ row?
A. 310
B. 314
C. 318
D. 322
1 2 3 4
8. Find the limit of the sequence , , , , …
2 3 4 5
A. 2
B. 1
C. 0
1
D. 2
1
9. Find the limit of the sequence {𝑛 + 4} then determine convergent or divergent.
A. 0, convergent
B. 4, convergent
C. ∞, divergent
D. -∞, divergent
1 1 1 1 1
10. Find the limit of the sequence + + + +⋯+ +⋯
√1 √2 √3 √4 √𝑛
A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. ∞
45
M13.6.2 MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION
1 1 1 1 1 1
47. Find and prove by induction a formula for 2 + 6 + 12 + 20 + 30 + ⋯ + 𝑛(𝑛+1)
𝑛
A.
𝑛−1
𝑛
B. 𝑛+1
𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1)
C. 6
𝑛(𝑛+1)
D. 2
48. Find and prove by induction a formula for ∑𝑛𝑖=1 2𝑖 − 1

A. 𝑛2
𝑛
B. 𝑛+1
C. 𝑛2 − 1
D. 2𝑛2 + 1
49. Find and prove by induction a formula for 12 + 22 + 32 + 42 + ⋯ + 𝑛2

2𝑛+1
A. 2
𝑛(𝑛+1)
B. 2
𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1)
C. 2
𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1)
D. 6
50. Find and prove by induction a formula for 13 + 23 + 33 + 43 + ⋯ + 𝑛3

𝑛(𝑛+1)2
A. 2
𝑛2 (𝑛+1)2
B.
4
𝑛(𝑛+1)
C. 2
𝑛2 (𝑛+1)
D. 4
51. Find and prove by induction a formula for 1 + 4 + 7 + 10 + 13 + ⋯ + (3𝑛 − 2)

𝑛(3𝑛−1)
A. 2
𝑛(3𝑛+1)
B. 2
𝑛(2𝑛+1)
C. 2
𝑛(3𝑛−2)
D. 2
46
6. Find and prove by induction a formula for 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + ⋯ + (2𝑛 − 1)
A. (𝑛 + 1)2
𝑛(𝑛+1)2
B. 2
𝑛(𝑛+1)
C. 2
D. 𝑛2
7. Find and prove by induction a formula for 1 + 5 + 52 + 53 + ⋯ + 5𝑛−1

5𝑛
A. 4
5𝑛 −1
B. 4
5𝑛 +1
C. 5
5𝑛 −1
D. 5
8. Find and prove by induction a formula for 2 ∙ 2 + 3 ∙ 22 + 4 ∙ 23 + ⋯ + (𝑛 + 1) ∙ 2𝑛

A. 𝑛 ∙ 2𝑛+1
B. 𝑛 ∙ 2𝑛−1
C. 𝑛 ∙ 2𝑛
D. (𝑛 + 1) ∙ 2𝑛
9. Find and prove by induction a formula for 1 ∙ 2 + 2 ∙ 3 + 3 ∙ 4 + ⋯ + 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)

𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1)
A. 6
𝑛(𝑛+1)(𝑛+2)
B. 3
𝑛(𝑛+1)(𝑛+2)
C. 4
𝑛(𝑛+1)(𝑛+2)
D. 6
𝑛(𝑛+1)
10. Find and prove by induction a formula for 1 + 3 + 6 + 10 + 15 + ⋯ +
2
𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1)
A.
6
47
𝑛(𝑛+1)(𝑛+2)
B. 3
𝑛(𝑛+1)(𝑛+2)
C. 4
𝑛(𝑛+1)(𝑛+2)
D. 6
M13.6.3 BINOMIAL THEOREM

1. Expand (5𝑥 − 4)4
A. (40)(5𝑥)0 (−4)4 + (41)(5𝑥)1(−4)3 + (42)(5𝑥)2 (−4)2 + (43)(5𝑥)3 (−4)1 +
(44)(5𝑥)4 (−4)0
B. (40)(5𝑥)0 44 + (41)(5𝑥)1 43 + (42)(5𝑥)2 42 + (43)(5𝑥)3 41 + (44)(5𝑥)4 40
C. (40)(5𝑥)4 44 + (41)(5𝑥)3 43 + (42)(5𝑥)2 42 + (43)(5𝑥)1 41 + (44)(5𝑥)0 40
D. (40)(5𝑥)0 (−4)0 + (41)(5𝑥)1(−4)1 + (42)(5𝑥)2 (−4)2 + (43)(5𝑥)3 (−4)3 +
(44)(5𝑥)4 (−4)4
2. Determine the third term in the expansion of (2 + 𝑦)6

A. 262𝑦 2
B. 240𝑦 2
C. 160𝑦 2
D. 120𝑦 2
3. Find the coefficient of 𝑥 4 in the expansion of (5 + 𝑥 )8

A. 4375
B. 12640
C. 21875
D. 43750
4. Find the coefficient of 𝑦 5 in the expansion of (2 + 𝑦)6

A. 240
B. 160
C. 60
D. 12
1 1 10
5. For what value of 𝑥, the fifth term of the expansion ( − ) is equal to 105?
2√𝑥 2
A. 1/2
B. 1/4
C. 1/8
48
D. 1/16
6. Expand (3𝑥 − 𝑦)3

A. 27𝑥 3 − 27𝑥 2 𝑦 + 9𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑦 3
B. −27𝑥 3 + 27𝑥 2 𝑦 − 9𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑦 3
C. 27𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 2 𝑦 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑦 3
D. 27𝑥 3 + 27𝑥 2 𝑦 + 9𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑦 3
11
𝑥2
7. Find the 7𝑡ℎ term of (2 + )
2
A. 2640𝑥 12
B. 2640𝑥 8
C. 231𝑥 12
D. 231𝑥 8
1 12
8. Find the term independent of 𝑥 in (3𝑥 − 2)
2𝑥
372
A. 38 ( 16 )
8 372
B.−3 ( 16 )
495
C. 38 ( 16 )
495
D. −38 ( 16 )
2 6
9. Find the term independent of 𝑥 in (𝑥 + 𝑥2 )
A. 120
B. 80
C. 60
D. 40
E. 36
10. Determine sum of all coefficient of (2020𝑥 3 − 2019)20

A. 0
B. 1
C. -1
D. 2020
M13.6.4 PARTIAL FRACTIONS

5𝑥−4
1. Simplify this fraction using partial fraction decomposition
𝑥 2 −𝑥−2
2 3
A. −
𝑥+2 𝑥−1
49
2 3
B. 𝑥+2 + 𝑥−1
2 3
C. 𝑥−2 − 𝑥+1
2 3
D. 𝑥−2 + 𝑥+1
𝑥 2 +15
2. The fraction (𝑥+3)2 (𝑥2 +3) can be exspressed to…
𝐴1 𝐵𝑥+𝐶
A. +
𝑥+3 𝑥 2 +3
𝐴1 𝐴2 𝐵𝑥+𝐶
B. 𝑥+3 + (𝑥+3)2
+ 𝑥 2 +3
1 𝐴 𝐴2 𝐵𝑥+𝐶
C. 𝑥+3 + (𝑥−3) + 𝑥2 +3
1 𝐴 𝐵𝑥+𝐶 𝐷𝑥+𝐸
D. 𝑥+3 + (𝑥+3)2 + 𝑥 2 +3
3𝑥+5
3. Simplify this fraction using partial fraction decomposition 2𝑥2 −5𝑥−3
2 1
A. 𝑥−3 − 2𝑥+1
2 1
B. 𝑥+3 − 2𝑥−1
2 1
C. 𝑥−3 + 2𝑥+1
2 1
D. 𝑥+3 + 2𝑥−1
2 1 𝐴𝑥+𝐵
4. Find the value of A and B of substracting − =
𝑥−3 2𝑥+1 (𝑥−3)(2𝑥+1)
A. 2 and 5
B. 3 and 5
C. 5 and 3
D. 3 and -5
3𝑥+1 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
5. Given that the fraction (𝑥−1)2(𝑥+2) = (𝑥−1) + (𝑥−1)2 + 𝑥+2 . The value of 𝐴 + 𝐶 =…
A. 0
B. 2/3
C. 4/9
D. 1
𝑥 2 +1
6. Express (𝑥−1)2 (𝑥+1) as a sum of partial fractions.
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
A. (𝑥−1) + (𝑥−1)2 + 𝑥+1
𝐴 𝐵𝑥+𝐶 𝐷
B. . + (𝑥−1)2 +
(𝑥−1) 𝑥+1
50
𝐴 𝐵
C. . (𝑥−1) + 𝑥+1
𝐴 𝐵
D. . (𝑥−1)2 + 𝑥+1
5𝑥 𝐴𝑥+𝐵 𝐶
7. Find the value 𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶 of (𝑥2 +𝑥+1)(𝑥−2) = 𝑥2 +𝑥+1 + 𝑥−2
A. -10/7
B. 10/7
C. 5/7
D. 22/7
4𝑥 3 +10𝑥+4 𝐶 𝐷
8. Given that = 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵 + 𝑥 + 2𝑥+1. The value of 𝐴 + 𝐵 is…
𝑥(2𝑥+1)
A.-1/2
B. 1/2
C. -1
D. 1
𝑥 3 +1
9. Simplify this fraction 𝑥2 +1
𝑥−1
A. 𝑥 + 𝑥2 +1
1−𝑥
B. 𝑥 + 𝑥2 +1
1−𝑥
C. 𝑥 −
𝑥 2 +1
D. 𝑥 + 1
1 1 𝐴𝑥+𝐵
10. Determine 𝐴 + 𝐵 if − =
6(𝑥−2) 6(𝑥+4) (𝑥−2)(𝑥+4)
A. 1
B. 0
C. -1
D. ½
51
M13.7 PROBABILITY AND INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
M13.7.1 PROBABILITY OF EVENTS
42. A card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards. The probability of getting a queen of club or a
king of heart is:
1
A. 13
2
B. 13
1
C. 26
1
D. 52
43. At a car park there are 50 vehicles, 30 of which are cars, 15 are vans and the remainder
are lorries. If every vehicle is equally likely to leave, find the probability of lorry leaving
first.
1
A. 10
3
B.
5
3
C. 10
1
D. 5
44. A survey was taken on 60 classes at a school to find the total number of left-handed
students in each class. The table below shows the results:
Number of left-handed
0 1 2 3 4 5
students in a class
Frequency
2 4 10 24 16 4
(number of class)
A class was selected at random. What is the probability that the class has at least 3 left-
handed students?
A.
11
B. 15
C.
D.
45. Five small radios are packed in identical, unmarked individual sealed boxes. Three boxes
are on table 𝑋 and contain 2 radios made by firm 𝐴 and one by firm 𝐵. Two boxes are on
table 𝑌 and contain one radio made by firm 𝐴 and one by firm 𝐵. If someone moves a box
from table 𝑋 to table 𝑌 and you randomly select a box from table 𝑌, what is the probability
that you will select a radio made by firm 𝐵?
1
A.
9
52
2
B. 9
3
C. 9
4
D. 9
46. A fair die is tossed twice. Find the probability of getting a 4 or 5 on the first toss and a
1 ,2, or 3 in the second toss.
1
A. 6
1
B. 3
2
C. 3
1
D. 12
47. If the probability that person A will be alive in 20 years is 0.6 and the probability that
person B will be alive in 20 years is 0.4 , what is the probability that they will both be
alive in 20 years?
A. 0.6 + 0.4 = 1
B. 0.6 × 0.4 = 0.24
C. 0.6 − 0.4 = 0.2
D. (1 − 0.6) × 0.4 = 0.16
48. A glass jar contains 1 red, 3 green, 2 blue, and 4 yellow marbles. If a single marble is
chosen at random from the jar, what is the probability that it is yellow or green?
5
A.
10
6
B.
10
7
C.
10
9
D. 10
49. A single card is chosen at random from a standard deck of 52 playing cards. What is the
probability of choosing a king or a club?
8
A. 52
17
B. 52
4
C. 13
1
D. 2
53
M13.7.2 INVERSE NORMAL PROBLEMS
52. Student grades in Dr. Nutty Professor’s class are Normally distributed with 𝜇 = 70
and 𝜎 = 10.
The professor decided that he would assign A grades to students in the top 15% of the
class. What is the lowest A grade that he assigned?
A. 80
B. 80.4
C. 80.6
D. 80.8
53. Based on information question 1, the professor decided that he would assign F grades to
students in the bottom 10% of the class. What was the highest F grade that he defined?
A. 57.2
B. 57.7
C. 58.2
D. 58.7
54. The board of examiners have decided that 85% of all candidates sitting for math will
obtain a passing grade on the exam. The actual exam marks are found to be normally
distributed with a mean of 55 and a variance of 16. What is the lowest score a student can
get on the exam and still be awarded a passing grade?
A. 50.70
B. 50.75
C. 50.80
D. 50.85
55. The mass M of a widget produced at a factory is distributed normally with 𝜇 = 340 and
𝜎 = 28. Find the values of 𝑎 and 𝑏 such that 𝑃(𝑎 < 𝑥 < 𝑏) = 0.85 and 𝑎 and 𝑏 are
symmetrical about the mean.
A. 𝑎 ≈ 290 and 𝑏 ≈ 390
B. 𝑎 ≈ 300 and 𝑏 ≈ 380
C. 𝑎 ≈ 310 and 𝑏 ≈ 370
D. 𝑎 ≈ 320 and 𝑏 ≈ 360
56. Suppose the amount of soda, in ounces, in a can of soda is approximately normally
distributed, with a mean of 16 ounces and a standard deviation of 0.4 ounces.
How much soda is in the heaviest 3% of cans?
A. 16.802
B. 15.812
C. 16.802
D. 16.812
54
57. Based on information question 5, how much soda is in the lightest 22% of cans?
A. 15.702
B. 15.712
C. 16.702
D. 16.712
58. For 𝑋~𝑁(0,1); 𝑃(𝑋 < 𝑎) = 0.695. Find 𝑎.

A. 0.39
B. 0.43
C. 0.46
D. 0.51
59. For 𝑋~𝑁(0,1); 𝑃(𝑋 > 𝑏) = 0.015. Find 𝑏.

A. 2.17
B. 2.19
C. 2.27
D. 2.29
M13.7.3 BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION

9. A binomial experiment is an experiment which satisfies these conditions, except…
A. A fixed number of trials
B. Each trial is dependent of the others.
C. There are only two outcomes
D. The probability of each outcome remains constant from trial to trial
10. Decide whether or not the paragraph below describes a binomial experiment. Assume the
trials are independent and the probability of ‘success’ does not change.
I. A random sample of 15 college seniors is obtained, and their ages are recorded.
II. A random sample of 15 college seniors is obtained, and the number more than 21
years old is recorded.
III. A random sample of 30 cars in a used car lot is obtained, and the number with less
than 200,000 miles is recorded.
IV. A random sample of 30 cars in a used car lot is obtained, and their mileages are
recorded.
A. I and IV are binomial, II and III are not binomial
B. II and III are binomial, I and IV are not binomial
C. All paragraph are binomial
D. All paragraph are not binomial
11. A manufacturer of metal pistons finds that on the average, 12 % of his pistons are rejected
because they are either oversize or undersize. What is the probability that a batch of 10
pistons will contain if no more than 2 rejects?
55
A. 0.37977
B. 0.79251
C. 0.23304
D. 0.89131
12. The ratio of boys to girls at birth in Singapore is quite high at 1.09: 1.
What proportion of Singapore families with exactly 6 children will have at least 3 boys?
(Ignore the probability of multiple births)
A. 0.49564
B. 0.59564
C. 0.69564
D. 0.79564
13. A (blindfolded) marksman finds that on the average he hits the target 4 times out of 5. If
he fires 4 shots, what is the probability of more than 2 hits?
A. 0.6192
B. 0.7192
C. 0.8192
D. 0.9192
14. In the old days, there was a probability of 0.8 of success in any attempt to make a telephone
call. (This often depended on the importance of the person making the call, or the operator's
curiosity!). Calculate the probability of having 7 successes in 10 attempts.
A. 0.20133
B. 0.40231
C. 0.62536
D. 0.79120
15. Hospital records show that of patients suffering from a certain disease, 75 % die of it. What
is the probability that of 6 randomly selected patients, 4 will recover?
A. 0.0183728
B. 0.0329595
C. 0.0500215
D. 0.0910200
16. A die is tossed 3 times. What is the probability of no threes turning up?
5
A. 6
25
B. 36
125
C.
216
91
D. 216
56
M13.7.4 ESTIMATION
9. The record of weights of male population follows normal distribution. Its mean and
standard deviation are 70 kg and 15 kg respectively. If a researcher considers the records
of 50 males, then what would be the mean and standard deviation of the chosen sample?
A. 2.0
B. 2.1
C. 2.2
D. 2.3
10. Samples of size 25 are selected from a population with mean 40 and standard deviation
7.5. The mean of the sampling distribution of sample means is…
A. 25
B. 30
C. 35
D. 40
11. The Central Limit Theorem says that the sampling distribution of the sample mean is
approximately normal if…
A. All possible samples are selected.
B. The sample size is large.
C. The standard error of the sampling distribution is small.
D. Equal to the standard deviation.
12. In a random sample of 50 intramural basketball players at a large university, the average
points per game was 8, with a standard deviation of 2.5 points and a 95% confidence level.
Which of the following statements is correct?
A. With 95% confidence, the average points scored by all intramural basketball players is
between 5.5 and 10.5 points.
B. With 95% confidence, the average points scored by all intramural basketball players is
C. With 95% confidence, the average points scored by all intramural basketball players is
D. With 95% confidence, the average points scored by all intramural basketball players is
13. On the SAT Math test, a random sample of the scores of 100 students in a high school had
a mean of 650. The standard deviation for the population is 100. What is the confidence
interval if 99% is the confidence level?
A. 624.2 to 678.8
B. 624.0 to 679.0
C. 624.4 to 678.6
D. 623.8 to 679.2
57
6. An apple orchard harvested ten trees of apples. From a random sample of 50 apples, the
mean weight of an apple was 7 ounces. The population standard deviation is 1.5 ounces.
What is the confidence interval if 99% is the confidence level?
A. Between 6.0 and 8.0 ounces
B. Between 6.1 and 7.9 ounces
C. Between 6.4 and 7.6 ounces
D. Between 6.5 and 7.5 ounces
7. Find the sample size required to estimate population mean to within 1.5 units. 𝜎 = 8 at
95 % confidence level.
A. 108
B. 109
C. 110
D. 111
8. You want to estimate the mean gas price in your city to within 5 cents. Local newspapers
report the standard deviation for gas prices in the area is 26 cents. What sample size is
needed to estimate the mean gas prices (at 95 % confidence level)?
A. 103
B. 104
C. 105
D. 106
M13.7.5 TEST OF HYPOTHESIS

6. A company that packages peanuts states that at a maximum 6% of the peanut shells contain
no nuts. At random, 300 peanuts were selected and 21 of them were empty. With a
significance level of 1%, can the statement made by the company be accepted?
A. Need further testing in order to be accepted
B. The null hypothesis, 𝐻0 , could be accepted with additional requirements.
C. The null hypothesis, 𝐻0 , should be accepted with a significance level of 1%.
D. The null hypothesis, 𝐻0 , cannot be accepted with a significance level of 1%.
7. By using information question 1, with the same sample percentage of empty nuts and
1 − 𝛼 = 0.95, what sample size would be needed to estimate the proportion of nuts with
an error of less than 1%?
A. .𝑛 ≥ 2498
B. 𝑛 ≥ 2499
C. 𝑛 ≥ 2500
D. 𝑛 ≥ 2501
8. The life span of 100 W light bulbs manufactured by a particular company follows a normal
distribution with a standard deviation of 120 hours and its half-life is guaranteed under
58
warranty for a minimum of 800 hours. At random, a sample of 50 bulbs from a lot is
selected and it is revealed that the half-life is 750 hours. With a significance level of 0.01,
should the lot be rejected by not honoring the warranty?
B. The null hypothesis, 𝐻0 , could be accepted with additional requirements.
D. The null hypothesis, 𝐻0 , cannot be accepted with a significance level of 1%.
9. It has been shown many times that on a certain memory test, recognition is substantially
better than recall. However, the probability value for the data from your sample was 0.12,
so you were unable to reject the null hypothesis that recall and recognition produce the
same results. What type of error did you make?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Systematic Error
D. Random Error
10. Select all that apply. Which is/are true of two-tailed tests?
(i) They are appropriate when it is not important to distinguish between no effect and
an effect in either direction.
(ii) They are more common than one-tailed tests.
(iii) They compute two-tailed probabilities.
(iv) They are more controversial than one-tailed tests.
A. (i) and (iv)
B. (ii) and (iii)
C. (iv)
D. (i), (ii), and (iv)
11. You are testing the difference between college freshmen and seniors on a math test. You
think that the seniors will perform better, but you are still interested in knowing if the
freshmen perform better. What is the null hypothesis?
A. The mean of the seniors is equal to the mean of the freshmen
B. The mean of the seniors is less than or equal to the mean of the freshmen
C. The mean of the seniors is greater than or equal to the mean of the freshmen
D. The mean of the seniors is greater than to the mean of the freshmen
12. If you are already certain that a null hypothesis is false, then:
A. Significance testing provides no useful information since all it does is reject a null
hypothesis.
59
B. Significance testing is informative because you still need to know whether an effect is
significant even if you know the null hypothesis is false.
C. When a difference is significant you can draw a confident conclusion about the direction
of the effect.
D. Continuing using other testing
13. It is believed that the average level of prothrombin in a normal population is 20 mg/100
ml of blood plasma with a standard deviation of 4 miligramos/100 ml. To verify this, a
sample is taken from 40 individuals in whom the average is 18.5 mg/100 ml. Can the
hypothesis be accepted with a significance level of 5%?
B. The null hypothesis, 𝐻0 , could be accepted with additional requirements
D. The null hypothesis, 𝐻0 , cannot be accepted with a significance level of 5%
60
M13.8 DIFFERENTIATION
M13.8.1 DERIVATIVES OF FUNCTIONS
50. Given that 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = (2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥)(2𝑥 + 5). The value of 𝑓 ′(1) = ⋯
A. 64
B. 68
C. 72
D. 80
51. Find the derivative of 𝑦 = (𝑥 3 − 6𝑥)(2 − 4𝑥 3 ).

A. −24𝑥 5 + 96𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 − 10
B. −24𝑥 5 + 36𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 − 10
C. −24𝑥 5 + 96𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 − 12
D. −24𝑥 5 + 36𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 − 12
1
52. Find the derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 (𝑥 2 − 8 + 𝑥)
3 1 3
5 1
A. 𝑓 ′(𝑥 ) = 2 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 −2 − 2 𝑥 −2
3 1 1
5 1
B. 𝑓 ′(𝑥 ) = 2 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 −2 − 2 𝑥 −2
3 1 1
5 1
C. 𝑓 ′(𝑥 ) = 2 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 −2 + 2 𝑥 −2
3 3 3
5 1
D. 𝑓 ′(𝑥 ) = 2 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 −2 − 2 𝑥 −2
𝜋
53. If 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 sin 𝑥, then the value of 𝑓′( 2 ) is…
A. 0
B. 1
C. -1
D. -1/2
2𝑥 3
54. Find the derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = 4−𝑥
24𝑥 2 −4𝑥 3
A. (4−𝑥)2
24𝑥 2+4𝑥 3
B. (4−𝑥)2
24𝑥 2−16𝑥 3
C. (4−𝑥)2
24𝑥 2 +16𝑥 3
D. (4−𝑥)2
4𝑥 2
55. Find the derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥3 +3
−4𝑥 4 −12𝑥
A. (𝑥 3 +3)2
61
−4𝑥 4 +12𝑥
B. (𝑥 3 +3)2
−4𝑥 4 +24𝑥
C. (𝑥3 +3)2
4𝑥 4 −24𝑥
D. (𝑥3 2
+3)
sin 𝑥
56. Differentiate 𝑦 = 𝑥
𝑥 cos 𝑥−sin 𝑥
A. 𝑥2
𝑥 sin 𝑥−cos 𝑥
B. 𝑥2
𝑥 cos 𝑥−𝑥 sin 𝑥
C. 𝑥2
cos 𝑥−sin 𝑥
D. 𝑥2
3𝑥 𝜋
57. Given that 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 5−tan 𝑥, the value of 𝑓′( 4 ) is…
3𝜋
A. 12 + 4
3𝜋
B. 12 + 2
3 3𝜋
C. 4 + 16
3 3𝜋
D. 4 + 32
1
58. Given that 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = , 𝑔(𝑥 ) = sin 𝑥 , ℎ(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 . Determine the derivative of
𝑥
𝑓(𝑔(ℎ(𝑥 )))
2𝑥 cos(𝑥 2 )
A. cos2(𝑥 2 )
2𝑥 cos(𝑥 2 )
B. −
sin(𝑥 2 )
2𝑥 cos(𝑥 2 )
C. sin2(𝑥 2 )
2𝑥 cos(𝑥 2 )
D. − sin2(𝑥 2 )
1
59. Find the derivative of sin (𝑥)
1
sin( )
𝑥
A. − 𝑥2
1
cos( )
𝑥
B. − 𝑥2
1
C. cos (𝑥)
1
D. − cos (𝑥)
62
60. Let 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 6𝑥 + 4 and 𝑔(𝑥 ) = −2𝑥 + 6. Calculate ℎ′(𝑥). Where ℎ(𝑥 ) = (𝑓 𝑜 𝑔)(𝑥)
A. -10
B. -12
C. -14
D. -16
61. Let 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 and 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 4𝑥. Calculate ℎ′(𝑥). Where ℎ(𝑥 ) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥 ))
A. 16𝑥 2
B. 32𝑥
C. 4𝑥 3
D.2𝑥
62. Use logarithmic differentiation to find the first derivative of 𝑦 = ln(2𝑥)

1
A. 𝑥
B. 2𝑥
1
C. 2𝑥
2
D. 𝑥
63. Use logarithmic differentiation to find the first derivative of 𝑦 = ln(𝑥 2 )

1
A. 𝑥
B. 2𝑥
1
C. 2𝑥
2
D. 𝑥
64. Find the derivative of 𝑦 = ln(1 − 2𝑥 )3

A. 1 − 2𝑥
6
B.
2𝑥−1
6
C. − 2𝑥−1
1
D. 1−2𝑥
𝜋
65. The derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = ln[(sin 2𝑥) (√𝑥 2 + 1)] is 𝑓 ′(𝑥 ). The value of 𝑓 ′ ( 4 )is…
𝑥
A. 2 tan(2𝑥) +
(𝑥 2 +1)
𝑥
B. 2 cot(2𝑥) + (𝑥2 +1)
2𝑥
C. 2 tan(2𝑥) +
(𝑥 2 +1)
2𝑥
D. 2 cot(2𝑥) + (𝑥2 +1)
63
66. Find 𝑦 ′ by implicit differentiation for 2𝑦 3 + 4𝑥 2 − 𝑦 = 𝑥 6
6𝑥 5 −8𝑥
A. 6𝑦 2 +1
6𝑥 5 +8𝑥
B. 6𝑦 2 +1
6𝑥 5 −8𝑥
C. 6𝑦 2 −1
6𝑥 5 +8𝑥
D. 6𝑦 2 −1
67. Find 𝑦 ′ by implicit differentiation for 7𝑦 2 + sin(3𝑥) = 12 − 𝑦 4

−3 cos(3𝑥)
A.
4𝑦 3 +14𝑦
3 cos(3𝑥)
B. 4𝑦3 −14𝑦
−3 sin(3𝑥)
C.
4𝑦 3+14𝑦
3 sin(3𝑥)
D.
4𝑦 3 −14𝑦
𝑥
68. Find 𝑦 ′ by implicit differentiation for 𝑦3 = 1
2
1
A. 3 𝑥 −3
2
1
B. 3 𝑥 3
2
1
C. 2 𝑥 −3
2
2
D. 𝑥 3
3
𝑥
69. Determine the value of 𝑦′ by implicit differentiation for 𝑦3 = 1 when (1,1)
A. 0
B. 1/3
C. 1/2
D. 1
M13.8.2 APPLICATION OF DIFFERENTIATION

60. Find turning point of the function 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 2
1 73
A. (3 , 27) ; (2, 10)
1 73
B. (− 3 , 27) ; (2, −10)
1 73
C. ( , − ) ; (2,10)
3 27
1 73
D. (− 3 , 27) ; (−2, −10)
64
61. Find the turning point of function 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 6.
A. (0.0 )
B. (2, 6)
C. (0.6 )
D. (1, 4)
62. Find coordinates of the turning points 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3 and determine maximum or

minimum.
A. (2, −1), maximum
B. (2, −1), minimum
C. (0,3 ), minimum
D. (0,3), maximum
63. Determine the minimum point by using turning point of 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 5

A. (0, 5)
1 147
B. (− , )
3 29
C. (−2, −16)
D. (3, −13)
64. Find concavity of 𝑓(𝑥) =– 2𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2– 10𝑥 + 5

A. Always concave downward at (−∞, ∞)
B. Always concave upward at (−∞, ∞)
C. Concave down at (−∞, 1) and concave upward at (1, ∞)
D. Concave up at (−∞, 1) and concave downward at (1, ∞)
65. When the function 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 4 − 12𝑥 2 concave downward?

A. (−∞, −√2)
B. (−√2, √2)
C. (√2, ∞)
D. (−2, 2)
66. Let 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 144𝑥 + 1. On what interval is 𝑓 concave downward?

A. (−∞, −1)
B. (−1, 1)
C. (1, ∞)
D. (−1, ∞)
67. Let 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 144𝑥 + 1. On what interval is 𝑓 concave upward?

A. (−∞, 1)
B. (−1, 1)
C. (−1, ∞)
65
D. (1, ∞)
68. Find inflection point of 𝑓(𝑥) =– 2𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 – 10𝑥 + 5

A. (1, −1)
B. (0, 5)
C. (2, −6)
D. (3, 1)
69. Find inflection point of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 4 − 12𝑥 2

A. (−√2, 20); (√2, 20)
B. (−√2, −20); (√2, −20)
C. (√2, −20)
D. (−√2, −20)
70. One of inflection points of 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 4 − 𝑥 3 + 2 is…

A. (0, 1)
B. (0, 2)
C. (1, 5)
D. (−1, 7)
71. If the inflection point of 𝑓(𝑥 ) = −𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 + 1 is at (1, 3). Find the inflection point of
𝑔(𝑥 ) = −(𝑥 + 3)3 + 3(𝑥 + 3)2 + 1
A. (4, 3)
B. (4, 6)
C. (−2, 3)
D. (−2, 0)
72. What is the equation of the cubic graph below?
A. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2)2
66
B. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 2)
C. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 2)
D. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = (𝑥 − 1)(2 − 𝑥)(𝑥 + 2)
73. The turning points of the function below are…
A. (2, 0) and (0, 4)

B. (2, 0) and (4, 0)
C. (0, 2) and (0, 4)
D. (−1,0) and (2, 0)
74. What is the 𝑦-intercept of this function?
A. (−1, 0)
B. (0, 4)
C. (2, 0)
D. (0, −2)
75. Find the local maximum value of 𝑦 = 5𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥
67
16
A. 9
25
B. 16
36
C. 25
49
D. 36
76. Given that 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 5

A. (2, 3)is local maximum and (0, −5) is local minimum
B. (2,3) is local maximum
C. (2, 3) is local minimum
D. There is no local maximum or local minimum
77. A stone is dropped into a pond, the ripples forming concentric circles which expand. At
what rate is the area of one of these circles increasing when the radius is 4 𝑚 and increasing
at the rate of 0.5 𝑚/𝑠?
A. 12.56 𝑚2 /𝑠
B. 4𝜋 𝑚2 /𝑠
C. 12 𝑚2 /𝑠
D. 2𝜋 𝑚2 /𝑠
78. A 20 𝑚 ladder leans against a wall. The top slides down at a rate of 4 𝑚/𝑠. How fast is
the bottom of the ladder moving when it is 16 𝑚 from the wall?
A. 3 𝑚/𝑠
B. 4 𝑚/𝑠
C. 5 𝑚/𝑠
D. 6 𝑚/𝑠
79. A particle moves along the 𝑥-axis. The function 𝑥(𝑡) gives the particle’s position at
anytime 𝑡 ≥ 0: 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑡 4 − 2𝑡 2 − 4. What is the particle’s velocity 𝑣(𝑡) at 𝑡 = 1?
A. 0
B. 1 𝑚/𝑠
C. 4 𝑚/𝑠
D. 10 𝑚/𝑠
68
M13.9 INTEGRATION
M13.9.1 INTEGRATION
70. Find ∫(tan 𝑥 + sec 𝑥 )2 𝑑𝑥.
A. 2 tan 𝑥 + 2 sec 𝑥 + 𝐶
B. 2 tan 𝑥 + 2 sec 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝐶
C. 2 tan 𝑥 + 2 tan 𝑥 sec 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝐶
D. 2 tan 𝑥 + tan 𝑥 sec 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝐶
4 4𝑥
71. Determine the value of ∫0 𝑑𝑥
√9+𝑥 2
A. 4
B. 6
C. 8
D. 10
72. Find ∫ sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

A. tan2 𝑥 + 𝐶
B. ln|sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥 | + 𝐶
C. ln|tan 𝑥 | + 𝐶
D. ln|sec 𝑥 − tan 𝑥 | + 𝐶
𝑥+1
73. Find ∫ √𝑥2 𝑑𝑥
+2𝑥+5
A. (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 5)√𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 5 + 𝐶
B. √𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 5 + 𝐶
1
C. 2 +𝐶
𝑥 +2𝑥−5
1
D. +𝐶
√𝑥 2 +2𝑥−5
2 1
74. Find ∫0 𝑑𝑥
√2−𝑥
1
A. 2 √2
B. √2
C. 2√2
D. 2
75. Solve this integration ∫ 3𝑒 1−𝑥 𝑑𝑥

A. −3𝑒 1−𝑥 + 𝐶
B. 3𝑒 1−𝑥 + 𝐶
1
C. 3 𝑒 1−𝑥 + 𝐶
D. 𝑒 1−𝑥 + 𝐶
69
1
76. Find ∫ 𝑥 𝑒 1+ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥.
A. (1 + ln 𝑥) + 𝐶
B. 𝑥𝑒 1+ln 𝑥 + 𝐶
C. (1 + ln 𝑥) 𝑒 1+ln 𝑥 + 𝐶
D. 𝑒 1+ln 𝑥 + 𝐶
ln 𝑥
77. The result of ∫ √1 + ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
5 3
2 2
A. 5 (1 + ln 𝑥) − 3 (1 + ln 𝑥)2 + 𝐶
2
5 3
5 3
B. (1 + ln 𝑥)2 − (1 + ln 𝑥)2 + 𝐶
2 2
3 1
2
C.3 (1 + ln 𝑥) − 2(1 + ln 𝑥)2 + 𝐶
2
5 3
2 1
D. 5 (1 + ln 𝑥)2 + 2 (1 + ln 𝑥)2 + 𝐶
78. Find ∫ 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

A. 𝑥 cos 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 + 𝐶
B. −𝑥 cos 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 + 𝐶
C. 𝑥 cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 + 𝐶
D. −𝑥 sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 + 𝐶
79. Find ∫ 𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

A. 𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝐶
B. −𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝐶
C. (𝑥 + 1)𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝐶
D. (−𝑥 − 1)𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝐶
80. Determine the result of ∫ sin(ln 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥by using partial integration method.
1
A. (cos(ln 𝑥 ) − sin(ln 𝑥 )) + 𝐶
2
1
B. 2 (sin(ln 𝑥 ) − cos(ln 𝑥 )) + 𝐶
𝑥
C. 2 (sin(ln 𝑥 ) − cos(ln 𝑥 )) + 𝐶
𝑥
D. 2 (cos(ln 𝑥 ) − sin(ln 𝑥 )) + 𝐶
𝑒
81. Find the value of ∫1 ln 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
82. Find ∫ 𝑧 2 ln 𝑧 𝑑𝑧
70
𝑧3 1
A. ln 𝑧 − 9 𝑧 3 + 𝐶
3
𝑧3 1
B. ln 𝑧 + 3 𝑧 3 + 𝐶
3
𝑧3 1
C. ln 𝑧 − 𝑧 3 + 𝐶
3 3
1
D. 𝑧 3 ln 𝑧 + 9 𝑧 3 + 𝐶
83. Find ∫ ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
A. 𝑥 ln 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑥
B. ln 𝑥 + 𝐶
C. 𝑥 ln 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝐶
D. ln 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝐶
84. Find ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑒𝑥
A. (cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 ) + 𝐶
2
𝑒𝑥
B. (sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 ) + 𝐶
2
𝑒𝑥
C. − (sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 ) + 𝐶
2
𝑒𝑥
D. (sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 ) + 𝐶
2
85. Find ∫ √𝑥 ln √𝑥 𝑑𝑥
3 3
2 2
A. 3 𝑥 2 ln √𝑥 − 9 𝑥 2 + 𝐶
3 3
2 2
B. 𝑥 2 ln √𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + 𝐶
3 3
5 3
1 2
C. 3 𝑥 ln √𝑥 − 9 𝑥 2 + 𝐶
2
3 3
1 2
D. 3 𝑥 2 ln √𝑥 + 9 𝑥 2 + 𝐶
86. Find ∫ sin 3𝑥 cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 1
A. − 10 sin 5𝑥 − 2 sin 𝑥 + 𝐶
1 1
B. 10 sin 5𝑥 + 2 sin 𝑥 + 𝐶
1 1
C. − 10 cos 5𝑥 − 2 cos 𝑥 + 𝐶
1 1
D. 10 cos 5𝑥 + 2 cos 𝑥 + 𝐶
87. Determine ∫ sin3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1
A. cos 3 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 + 𝐶
3
B. cos 3 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 + 𝐶
1
C. cos 3 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 + 𝐶
3
71
1
D. 2 cos 3 𝑥 + 3 cos 𝑥 + 𝐶
88. Find ∫ sin2 𝑥 cos 3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 1
A. sin3 𝑥 − sin5 𝑥 + 𝐶
3 5
1 1
B. 3 sin3 𝑥 + 5 sin5 𝑥 + 𝐶
1 1
C. 2 sin2 𝑥 − 3 sin3 𝑥 + 𝐶
1 1
D. 2 sin2 𝑥 + 3 sin3 𝑥 + 𝐶
89. Find ∫ sin4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

3𝑥 1 1
A. − 4 sin 2𝑥 + 32 sin 4𝑥 + 𝐶
4
3𝑥 1 1
B. − sin 2𝑥 + sin 4𝑥 + 𝐶
4 4 16
3𝑥 1 1
C. 8
− 4 sin 2𝑥 + 16 sin 4𝑥 + 𝐶
3𝑥 1 1
D. − sin 2𝑥 + sin 4𝑥 + 𝐶
8 4 32
M13.9.2 APPLICATIONS OF INTEGRATION

80. Find the area of the region enclosed between the curves defined by the equations:
𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2 and 𝑦 = −𝑥 2 + 6.
A. 9 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
B. 10 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
C. 11 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
D. 12 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
81. Find the area of the region enclosed between the curves defined by the equations 𝑦 =
√𝑥 + 2 , 𝑦 = 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 0.
A. 11/3 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
B. 10/3 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
C. 3
D. 8/3 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
82. Find the area of the region enclosed by the curves 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥), 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥), 𝑥 = 0 and
𝑥 = 2𝜋.
A. 4√2 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
B. 3√2 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
C. 2√2 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
D. √2 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
72
83. Find the ratio of the area of region A to the area of region B.
132
A. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
91
128
B. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
91
125
C. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
91
121
D. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
91
84. Find the area of the region bounded by 𝑥 = 0 on the left, 𝑥 = 2 on the right, 𝑦 = 𝑥 3
above and 𝑦 = −1 below.
85. Find the area of the region enclosed by 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 1)2 + 3 and 𝑦 = 7

26
32
3
38
3
44
3
86. The total of area 𝐴 and area 𝐵 is…
73
1
87. Find the area between the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥(𝑥 − 3) and the ordinates 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑥 = 5
1
A. 10 6 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
1
B. 11 6 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
1
C. 12 6 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
1
D. 13 6 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
88. Find the area bounded by the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 4 the 𝑥-axis and the ordinates 𝑥 = 1
and 𝑥 = 3
2
3
2
B. 20 3 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
2
C. 25 3 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
2
D. 30 3 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
89. Calculate the area of the segment cut from the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥(3 − 𝑥) by the line 𝑦 = 𝑥.
2
4
C.2 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
8
3
90. Determine the area of the region enclosed by 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 and 𝑦 = √𝑥.

1
1
1
91. Determine the area of the region bounded by 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 + 10 and 𝑦 = 4𝑥 + 16.

64
A. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
3
65
3
67
3
74
68
3
𝜋
92. Determine the area of the region enclosed by 𝑦 = sin 𝑥 ; 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 ; 𝑥 = 2 , and the 𝑦-axis
A. 2√2 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
B. 2√2 + 2 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
C. 2√2 − 2 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
93. Determine the area of the region bounded by 𝑥 = −𝑦 2 + 10 and 𝑥 = (𝑦 − 2)2

64
65
3
𝑚
94. A motorboat is traveling at a constant velocity of 5.0 when it starts to decelerate to arrive
𝑠
1 𝑚
at the dock. Its acceleration is 𝑎(𝑡) = − 4 𝑡 𝑠 2. What is the velocity function of the
motorboat?
1
A. 5 − 8 𝑡 2 𝑚/𝑠
1
B. 5 + 8 𝑡 2 𝑚/𝑠
1
C. 5 − 4 𝑡 2 𝑚/𝑠
1
D. 5 + 4 𝑡 2 𝑚/𝑠
95. Between 𝑡 = 0 and 𝑡 = 𝑡0 , a rocket moves straight upward with an acceleration given by
1
𝑎(𝑡) = 𝐴 − 𝐵𝑡 2 . where 𝐴 and 𝐵 are constants. If the rocket starts from rest, how does the
velocity vary between 𝑡 = 0 and 𝑡 = 𝑡0 ?
3
2
A. 𝑣 (𝑡0 ) = 𝐴𝑡0 − 3 𝐵𝑡02 + 1
3
2 2
B. 𝑣(𝑡0 ) = 𝐴𝑡0 − 3 𝐵𝑡0 + 3 2
3
2
C. 𝑣(𝑡0 ) = 𝐴𝑡0 − 3 𝐵𝑡02
3
D. 𝑣 (𝑡0 ) = 𝐴𝑡0 − 𝐵𝑡02
96. A particle starts from rest and has an acceleration function 5 − 10𝑡 𝑚/𝑠 2 . What is the
velocity function?
A. 5 − 5𝑡 2
B. 5𝑡 − 5𝑡 2
C. 5𝑡 − 5
75
D. 5𝑡 2 − 5
97. A particle starts from rest and has a velocity function 𝑣(𝑡) = 10𝑡 − 10𝑡 2 . What is the
position function?
5 5
A. 2 𝑡 2 − 3 𝑡 3
5 5
B. 2 𝑡 2 + 3 𝑡 3
10 3
C. 5𝑡 2 + 𝑡
3
10
D. 5𝑡 2 − 3 𝑡 3
98. Given that the acceleration function 𝑎(𝑡) = 12 − 4𝑡 𝑚/𝑠. When is the velocity zero if a
particle starts from rest?
A. 2 𝑠
B. 4 𝑠
C. 6 𝑠
D. 8 𝑠
99. The acceleration of a car is given by 𝑎 = 6𝑡 and the velocity is 2 when 𝑡 = 0, and the
distance from home is 1 when 𝑡 = 0. What is the distance from home as a function of time?
A. 𝑥 (𝑡) = 𝑡 3 + 2𝑡 2 + 𝑡 + 1
B. 𝑥 (𝑡) = 𝑡 3 + 2𝑡 + 1
C. 𝑥 (𝑡) = 𝑡 2 + 1
D. 𝑥 (𝑡) = 𝑡 3 + 2𝑡 2 + 1
76
ANSWERS
77
M13.1 COMPLEX NUMBERS
M13.1.1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPLEX NUMBERS
90. √−48 = √(−1)(48) = √48𝑖 = 4√3𝑖
91. 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 5 = 0
𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 + 1 = 0
𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 = −1
(𝑥 + 2)2 = −1
𝑥 + 2 = ±𝑖
𝑥 = −2 ± 𝑖
92. 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 10 = 0
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 = −10
3 2 9
(𝑥 − ) − = −10
2 4
3 2 31
(𝑥 − ) = −
2 4
3 √31
𝑥− =± 𝑖
2 2
3 ± √31𝑖
𝑥=
2
3−5𝑖 2−3𝑖 6−10𝑖−9𝑖−15 −9−19𝑖 9 19
93. ∙ = = =− − 𝑖
2+3𝑖 2−3𝑖 4+9 13 13 13
9 19
So, the real part is − 13 and imaginary part is − 13
𝑎+𝑏𝑖 𝑎+𝑏𝑖 𝑎2 +2𝑎𝑏𝑖−𝑏2 𝑎2 −𝑏2 2𝑎𝑏

94. 𝑎−𝑏𝑖 ∙ 𝑎+𝑏𝑖 = = 𝑎2 +𝑏2 + (𝑎2 +𝑏2) 𝑖
𝑎2 +𝑏2
2𝑎𝑏
The imaginary part is 𝑖
𝑎2 +𝑏2
95. 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑖 = 8𝑖 2 − 6𝑖
𝑥 + 𝑦𝑖 = −8 − 6𝑖
So, we get 𝑥 = −8, 𝑦 = −6
96. 3𝑎 + 2𝑏 + (2𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑖 = 9 − 𝑖

3𝑎 + 2𝑏 = 9 ; 2𝑎 − 𝑏 = −1
From the equations above we get 𝑎 = 1 and 𝑏 = 3
Finally we get 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 1 + 3 = 4
97. (3 − 2𝑖 )(𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 ) = 18 + 𝑖
3𝑎 − 2𝑎𝑖 + 3𝑏𝑖 + 2𝑏 = 18 + 𝑖
(3𝑎 + 2𝑏) + (3𝑏 − 2𝑎)𝑖 = 18 + 𝑖
78
We get 3𝑎 + 2𝑏 = 18 and 3𝑏 − 2𝑎 = 1
From two equations above, then we get
𝑎 = 4 and 𝑏 = 3
M13.1.2 MANIPULATION OF COMPLEX NUMBERS

1. By Definition, the square root of −1 is 𝑖, so that 𝑖 2 = −1. Then we get:
𝑖1 = 𝑖
𝑖 2 = −1
𝑖 3 = 𝑖 2 ∙ 𝑖 = −𝑖
𝑖 4 = 𝑖 3 ∙ 𝑖 = −𝑖(𝑖 ) = −(−1) = 1
So that 𝑖 4𝑛 = 1
𝑖 4𝑛+1 = 𝑖
𝑖 4𝑛+2 = −1
𝑖 4𝑛+3 = −𝑖
𝑖 4007 = 𝑖 4(1001)+3 = −𝑖
2. (1 + 4𝑖 ) − (−16 + 9𝑖 ) = 1 + 4𝑖 + 16 − 9𝑖 = 17 − 5𝑖
3. (−3 − 9𝑖 )(1 + 10𝑖 ) = −3 − 9𝑖 − 30𝑖 + 90 = 87 − 39𝑖
4. (2 + 7𝑖 )(8 + 3𝑖 ) = 16 + 6𝑖 + 56𝑖 − 21 = −5 + 62𝑖
5. (4 − 5𝑖 )(12 + 11𝑖 ) = 48 − 60𝑖 + 44𝑖 + 55 = 103 − 16𝑖
7−𝑖 2−10𝑖 14−2𝑖−70𝑖−10 4−72𝑖 1 9

6. ∙ = = = 26 − 13 𝑖
2+10𝑖 2−10𝑖 4+100 104
1+5𝑖 𝑖 𝑖−5 5 1
7. ∙𝑖 = = −3 + 3𝑖
−3𝑖 3
6+7𝑖 8+𝑖 48+56𝑖+6𝑖−7 41+62𝑖 41 62

8. ∙ 8+𝑖 = = = 65 + 65 𝑖
8−𝑖 64+1 65
M13.1.3 GEOMETRICAL REPRESENTATION AND PROPERTIES

1. 2(cos 30° + 𝑖 sin 30°)
√3 1
= 2 ( + 𝑖) = √3 + 𝑖
2 2
𝜋 𝜋
2. 𝑧 = 4 (cos ( ) + 𝑖 sin ( ))
4 4
√2 √2
𝑧 = 4( ) + 4( )𝑖
2 2
𝑧 = 2√2 + 2√2𝑖
79
3. 𝑧1 = 4 + 3𝑖 ; 𝑧2 = 2 − 5𝑖; so that 𝑧1 + 𝑧2 = 6 − 2𝑖
4. The modulus is |𝑧| = √𝑎2 + 𝑏2
𝑦 𝑏
5. The argument expressed as 𝑡 = tan−1 (𝑥) = tan−1 (𝑎)
6. Given that 𝑧 = 3 − 2𝑖. The modulus is √32 + (−2)2 = √9 + 4 = √13
7. 𝑧 = 2 − 2𝑖 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖
𝑏 −2
The argument of 𝑧 is 𝜃 = tan−1 (𝑎) == tan−1 ( 2 ) = tan−1 (−1) = −45°
8. 𝑧 = 6 + 6𝑖
6
So that we get 𝜃 = tan−1 (6) = 45°
And |𝑧| = √62 + 62 = 6√2
Then we get the polar form |𝑧|(cos 𝜃 + 𝑖 sin 𝜃 ) = 6√2(cos 45° + 𝑖 sin 45 °)
M13.1.4 POWERS AND ROOTS OF COMPLEX NUMBERS

1
1. 𝑟 = √1 + 1 = √2 ; tan 𝑡 = 1 = 1 ; 𝑡 = 45°
So we have 𝑧 = √2(cos 45 ° + 𝑖 sin 45°)
10
𝑧 10 = (√2) (cos 450 ° + 𝑖 sin 450°) = 32(0 + 𝑖 (1)) = 32𝑖
2. 𝑧 2 can be expressed to 𝑧 2 = cos 0° + 𝑖 sin 0° or 𝑧 2 = cos 360° + 𝑖 sin 360°

By using De Moivre, we get:
𝑧 = cos 0° + 𝑖 sin 0° or 𝑧 = cos 180° + 𝑖 sin 180°
𝑧 = 1 + 0 or 𝑧 = −1 + 0
𝑧 = 1 or 𝑧 = −1
3. 𝑧 3 we can expressed to 𝑧 3 = cos 0° + 𝑖 sin 0° or 𝑧 3 = cos 360° + 𝑖 sin 360° or 𝑧 3 =

cos 720° + 𝑖 sin 720°
By using De Moivre, we get:
𝑧 = cos 0° + 𝑖 sin 0° or 𝑧 = cos 120° + 𝑖 sin 120° or 𝑧 = cos 240° + 𝑖 sin 240°
𝑧1 = 1 + 0 = 1
1 1
𝑧2 = − + √3𝑖
2 2
1 1
𝑧3 = − − √3𝑖
2 2
4. Let 𝑧 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖
80
Substitue into given equation:
(𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 )2 = −1 + 2√6𝑖
𝑎2 − 𝑏2 + 2𝑎𝑏𝑖 = −1 + 2√6𝑖
Real part and imaginary part is equal
√6
𝑎2 − 𝑏2 = −1 or 2𝑎𝑏 = 2√6 ↔ 𝑏 = 𝑎
Then we substitute into equation:
2
2 √6
𝑎 − ( ) = −1
𝑎
𝑎 − 6 = −𝑎2
4
𝑎4 + 𝑎2 − 6 = 0
(𝑎2 + 3)(𝑎2 − 2) = 0
Solve the equation and select only real roots:
We get 𝑎1 = −√2 or 𝑎2 = √2
√6
So we get 𝑏1 = − = −√3
√2
√6
𝑏2 = = √3
√2
Finally we get 𝑧1 = 𝑎1 + 𝑏1 𝑖 = −√2 − √3𝑖
𝑧2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 𝑖 = √2 + √3𝑖
5. One of the roots is 2𝑖 because:

(2𝑖)4 + (2𝑖)3 + 2(2𝑖)2 + 4(2𝑖) − 8 = 0
16 − 8𝑖 − 8 + 8𝑖 − 8 = 0
6. The answer is A. because:

(1 + 𝑖)3 + 2(1 + 𝑖)2 − 6(1 + 𝑖) + 8
= 1 + 3𝑖 − 3 − 𝑖 + 2 + 4𝑖 − 2 − 6 − 6𝑖 + 8
=0
3
7. Let 𝑧 = √3 + 𝑖. So that 𝑧 3 = (√3 + 𝑖)
2
𝑟 = √(√3) + 12 = 2
1
sin 𝜃 = 2, so that we get 𝜃 = 30° or 𝜃 = 150°
Since this number has positive real and imaginary parts, it is in quadrant I, so the angle is
30°.
3
So we are evaluating (2(cos 30° + 𝑖 sin 30°))
By using De Moivre's Theorem:
De Moivre's Theorem is
(cos(𝑥 ) + 𝑖 sin(𝑥 ))𝑛 = cos(𝑛𝑥) + 𝑖 sin(𝑛𝑥)
We apply it to our situation to get.
81
3
(2(cos 30° + 𝑖 sin 30°)) = 23 (cos 90° + 𝑖 sin 90°) = 8𝑖
8. (1 − 𝑖 )3 = (1 − 𝑖 )(1 − 𝑖 )(1 − 𝑖 ) = (1 − 𝑖 − 𝑖 − 1)(1 − 𝑖 ) = (−2𝑖 )(1 − 𝑖 )

= −2 − 2𝑖
M13.1.5 CURVES AND REGIONS

1. The real part of the complex number is 3, and the imaginary part is – 4𝑖. The complex
number is 3 − 4𝑖
2. Complex numbers can be represented on the coordinate plane by mapping the real part to
the 𝑥-axis and the imaginary part to the 𝑦-axis. For example, the expression 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 can
be represented graphically by the point (𝑎, 𝑏). Here, we are given the complex number
−1 + 4𝑖 and asked to graph it. We will represent the real part, −1, on the x-axis, and the
imaginary part, 4𝑖, on the y-axis. Note that the coefficient of 𝑖 is 4; this is what we will
graph on the y-axis. The correct coordinates are (−1,4).
3. Letting 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑖, we have:

|2𝑧 + 3| < 1
|2(𝑥 + 𝑦𝑖 ) + 3| < 1
|2𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑖 + 3| < 1
|(2𝑥 + 3) + (2𝑦)𝑖 | < 1
√(2𝑥 + 3)2 + (2𝑦)2 < 1
(2𝑥 + 3)2 + 4𝑦 2 < 1
3 2
4 (𝑥 + 2) + 4𝑦 2 < 1
3 2 1 2
(𝑥 + 2) + 𝑦 2 < (2)
1 3
This is a disk of radius 2 centered at (− 2 , 0). The sketch is as follows:
82
4. Letting 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑖, we have:
|𝑧| ≤ |2𝑧 + 1|
|𝑥 + 𝑦𝑖 | ≤ |2(𝑥 + 𝑦𝑖 ) + 1|
|𝑥 + 𝑦𝑖 | ≤ |(2𝑥 + 1) + (2𝑦)𝑖 |
√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ≤√(2𝑥 + 1)2 + (2𝑦)2
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ≤ (2𝑥 + 1)2 + 4𝑦 2
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ≤ 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 1 + 4𝑦 2
0 ≤ 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 1 + 3𝑦 2
4 1
0 ≤ 𝑥2 + 𝑥 + + 𝑦2
3 3
2
2 4 1
0 ≤ (𝑥 + ) − + + 𝑦 2
3 9 3
4 1 2 2
− ≤ (𝑥 + ) + 𝑦 2
9 3 3
1 2 2
≤ (𝑥 + ) + 𝑦 2
9 3
1 2
This is the region outside the disk of radius 3 centered at the point (− 3 , 0). The sketch is
as follows:
𝜋
5. |𝜋 − arg(𝑧)| < 4
𝜋 𝜋
− < 𝜋 − arg(𝑧) <
4 4
𝜋 𝜋
− − 𝜋 < − arg(𝑧) < − 𝜋
4 4
5𝜋 3𝜋
− < − arg(𝑧) < −
4 4
5𝜋 3𝜋
> arg(𝑧) >
4 4
83
3𝜋 5𝜋
< arg(𝑧) <
4 4
𝜋 𝜋 𝑦
6. 𝐴𝑟𝑔(𝑧) = ↔ tan 4 = =1
4 𝑥
So that we get 𝑦 = 𝑥. The correct answer is A
7. Consider 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑖 where 𝑥 and 𝑦 are Real.

Then 2 = |𝑧 − 𝑖 | = |𝑥 + 𝑦𝑖 − 𝑖 | = |𝑥 + (𝑦 − 1)𝑖 | = √𝑥 2 + (𝑦 − 1)2
Square both ends and transpose to get:
𝑥 2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 4
The correct answer is C
8. |𝑧 − 2 + 3𝑖 | = 2
|𝑥 + 𝑦𝑖 − 2 + 3𝑖 | = 2
|(𝑥 − 2) + (𝑦 + 3)𝑖 | = 2
√(𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 + 3)2 = 2
(𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 + 3)2 = 4
84
M13.2 VECTORS
M13.2.1 ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS ON VECTORS
98. Given that 𝑎⃑ = 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂ , 𝑏⃑⃑ = 3𝑖̂ + 5𝑘̂ , 𝑐⃑ = −2𝑖̂ − 4𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ , and 𝑢
⃑⃑ = 2𝑎⃑ + 𝑏⃑⃑ − 𝑐⃑.
⃑⃑ = 2(𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂ ) + 3𝑖̂ + 5𝑘̂ − (−2𝑖̂ − 4𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ ) = 7𝑖̂ + 8𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂
𝑢
99. ⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑
𝐴𝐵 = (6 − 2,2 − (−1)) = (4,3)
100. 𝑟⃑ = 𝑝⃑ + 𝑞⃑ = (55) = (2+𝑎

3+𝑏
) so that we get 𝑎 = 3 ; 𝑏 = 2. 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 5
101. ⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑ = (2 − 2,1 − (−1), 1 − 3) = (0 , 2 , −2)

𝐴𝐵
102. Given that 𝐴(1, −1,2), 𝐵(2, −1,2), 𝐶(2,2,0).

𝑢 ⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑ = (2 − 1, −1 − (−1), 2 − 2) = (1,0,0)
⃑⃑ = 𝐴𝐵
𝑣⃑ = ⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑
𝐴𝐶 = (2 − 1,2 − (−1), 0 − 2) = (1,3, −2)
⃑⃑ + 𝑣⃑ = (2,0,0) + (1,3, −2) = (3,3, −2)
2𝑢
M13.2.2 NORM OF A VECTOR AND UNIT VECTORS

1. |𝑢⃑⃑| = √22 + 12 + 02 = √5
2. |𝑣⃑ | = √(2𝑥)2 + (𝑥)2 + 02 = √5𝑥 2 = √5, so the value(s) of 𝑥 are 1 or −1
3. (12, 0, 2) can be expressed 12𝑖̂ + 0𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ = 12𝑖̂ + 2𝑘̂
4. Calculate the unit vector as follows:
𝑢
⃑⃑ 2𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ 2𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ 2 2 1
𝑢̂ = = = = 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂
|𝑢
⃑⃑| √22 + (−2)2 + 12 √9 3 3 3
⃑⃑
𝑢 2 1 𝑥
5. 𝑢̂ = |𝑢⃑⃑| = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ . So that √22 + 12 + (−𝑥 )2 = √14
√14 √14 √14
√5 + 𝑥 2 = √14 ↔ 𝑥 2 = 14 − 5 = 9 ↔ 𝑥 = 3 (because 𝑥 is positive)
M13.2.3 DOT PRODUCT AND ITS APPLICATIONS
1. 𝑎⃑ ∙ 𝑏⃑⃑ = (1)(4) + (2)(4) + (−3)(𝑚) = 12 − 3𝑚 = 0 ↔ 𝑚 = 4

1 4 3 6
⃑
⃑
So that we get 𝑎⃑ + 2𝑏 − 𝑐⃑ = ( 2 ) + 2 (4) − (−4) = (14)
−3 4 5 0
85
1 2
2. 𝑎⃑ ∙ 𝑏⃑⃑ = ( 2 ) ∙ (1) = (1)(2) + (2)(1) + (−𝑥 )(2) = 4 − 2𝑥 = 0 ↔ 𝑥 = 2
−𝑥 2
3. (𝑢
⃑⃑ + 𝑣⃑ ) ∙ 𝑣⃑ = 𝑢
⃑⃑ ∙ 𝑣⃑ + 𝑣⃑ ∙ 𝑣⃑ = |𝑢
⃑⃑||𝑣⃑ | cos 45° + |𝑣⃑ ||𝑣⃑ | cos 0°
√2 √2 2 + √2
= (1)(1) ( ) + (1)(1)(1) = +1=
2 2 2
⃑⃑.𝑣
𝑢 ⃑⃑ (1)(1)+(1)(0)+(1)(−1) 0
4. cos 𝜃 = |𝑢⃑⃑||𝑣⃑⃑| = = = 0 so that we have 𝜃 = cos −1 (0) = 90°
√12 +12 +12√12+02 +(−1)2 √6
⃑⃑
𝑎⃑⃑.𝑏 (2)(1)+(−3)(−2)+(1)(3) 2+6+3 11
5. cos 𝜃 = |𝑎⃑⃑||𝑏⃑⃑| = = = 14
√22 +(−3)2+12√12+(−2)2 +32 √14√14
Then, by using identity trigonometry:

11 2 121 75 5√3
sin 𝜃 = √1 − cos 2 𝜃 = √1 − ( ) = √1 − =√ =
14 196 196 14
M13.2.4 EQUATION OF LINES
1. 𝑣⃑ = ⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑
𝐴𝐵 = 〈4 − 2,5 − (−3), −3 − 5〉 = 〈2,8, −8〉
𝑟0 = 〈2, −3,5〉
Let choose ⃑⃑⃑⃑
The vector equation of line 𝐴𝐵 is 𝑟⃑ = ⃑⃑⃑⃑
𝑟0 + 𝑡 𝑣⃑
〈𝑥 , 𝑦 , 𝑧〉 = 〈2 , −3 , 5〉 + 〈2𝑡 , 8𝑡 , −8𝑡〉
2. Based on the solution of question 1 we get the parametric equation:

𝑥 = 2 + 2𝑡
𝑦 = −3 + 8𝑡
𝑧 = 5 − 8𝑡
3. Based on the solution of question 2 we get the parametric equation:

𝑥−2
𝑥 = 2 + 2𝑡 ↔ 𝑡 =
2
𝑦+3
𝑦 = −3 + 8𝑡 ↔ 𝑡 =
8
5−𝑧
𝑧 = 5 − 8𝑡 ↔ 𝑡 =
8
𝑥−2 𝑦+3 5−𝑧
The symmetric equation is 2
= 8
= 8
4. Given that parametric equation:
86
𝑥−3
𝑥 = 3 + 2𝑡 ↔ 𝑡 =
2
𝑦+2
𝑦 = −2 + 8𝑡 ↔ 𝑡 =
8
4−𝑧
𝑧 = 4 − 6𝑡 ↔ 𝑡 =
6
𝑥−3 𝑦+2 4−𝑧
The symmetric equation is 2 = 8 = 6
5. The line is defined by the vector:

𝑣⃑ = ⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑
𝐴𝐵 = 〈2 − 1,1 − (−1), 5 − 2〉 = 〈1,2,3〉
Thus, parametric equations of the line are:
𝑥 = 2 + 𝑡 ; 𝑦 = 1 + 2𝑡 ; 𝑧 = 5 + 3𝑡
The symmetric equations of the line are:
𝑦−1 𝑧−5
𝑥−2= =
2 3
M13.2.5 RATIO FORMULA

1. Given that, 𝑍(4,5) = (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ), 𝑋(7, −1) = (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 )
Point 𝑌 divides the segment 𝑍𝑋 in the ratio 4: 3, hence 𝑚 = 4, 𝑛 = 3
Since it is mentioned in the question that the point 𝑌 divides the segment externally we use
the section formula for external division,
𝑚𝑥2 − 𝑛𝑥1 𝑚𝑦2 − 𝑛𝑦1
𝑌=( , )
Then we substitute the known values:
4(7)−3(4) 4(−1)−3(5)
𝑌=( , ) = (16 , −19)
4−3 4−3
𝑥𝐴 +𝑥𝐵 𝑦𝐴 +𝑦𝐵 2+6 3+7

2. The mid point of points 𝐴 and 𝐵 is ( , )=( , ) = (4 , 5)
2 2 2 2
3. Point C divides the segment AB in the ratio 4: 7, hence 𝑚 = 4, 𝑛 = 7
By section formula which states that when the line segment is divided internally by the
point in the ration m:n then coordinates of point are
𝑚𝑥2 + 𝑛𝑥1 𝑚𝑦2 + 𝑛𝑦1 (4)(4) + (7)(−2) (4)(7) + (7)(3) 2 49
𝐶=( , )=( , )=( , )
𝑚+𝑛 𝑚+𝑛 4+7 4+7 11 11
4. The coordinates of the point which divides the line segment joining the points (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 )
and (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) internally in the ratio 𝑚: 𝑛 are given by ( , )
𝑚+𝑛 𝑚+𝑛
5. Suppose point 𝐶(𝑥, 𝑦) divides the line segment joining points 𝐴(0,0) and 𝐵(9,12) in ratio
1: 2. Let 𝑚 = 1, 𝑛 = 2
𝑚𝑥2 + 𝑛𝑥1 𝑚𝑦2 + 𝑛𝑦1 (1)(9) + (2)(0) (1)(12) + (2)(0)
𝐶=( , )=( , ) = (3 , 4)
𝑚+𝑛 𝑚+𝑛 1+2 1+2
87
M13.3 FUNCTIONS
M13.3.1 OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS
103. Let’s change 𝑥 on 𝑓(𝑥) with g(x):
(𝑓 𝑜 𝑔) (𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) – 5 = (𝑥 2 – 5) – 1
(𝑓 𝑜 𝑔) (𝑥) = 𝑥 2 – 6
104. Determine (𝑔 𝑜 𝑓)(𝑥) by replacing x on g(x) to f(x):
(𝑔 𝑜 𝑓) (𝑥) = (𝑓(𝑥))2 – 7 = (𝑥 – 1)2 – 7
(𝑔 𝑜 𝑓) (3) = (3 – 1)2 – 7 = – 3
2𝑥−1 2
105. First, determine (𝑓 𝑜 𝑔)(𝑥). Then, (𝑓 𝑜 𝑔)(𝑥 ) = 3 ( 𝑥+2 ) − 1. So, we get
2(3)−1 2
(𝑓 𝑜 𝑔)(3) = 3 ( ) −1= 2
3+2
106. (𝑓 𝑜 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 6𝑥 – 3. Then replace 𝑥 on 𝑓(𝑥) to 𝑔(𝑥):
2𝑔(𝑥) + 5 = 6𝑥 – 3
2𝑔(𝑥) = 6𝑥– 3– 5 = 6𝑥 – 8
𝑔(𝑥) = (6𝑥 – 8)/2 = 3𝑥 – 4
107. 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥 )) = 𝑥 2 − 4, then we get 𝑓(𝑥 + 3) = 𝑥 2 − 4. Then we replace 𝑥 t o 𝑥 − 3
then we get 𝑓((𝑥 − 3) + 3) = (𝑥 − 3)2 − 4, and finally we have 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 5
108. 𝑓 (3) = (3)2 − 8 = 9 − 8 = 1
109. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) + 𝑔(𝑥 ) = (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 6) + (𝑥 + 2) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 4
110. 𝑓 (5) = 5 + 2 = 7 and 𝑔(2) = 2 − 3 = −1. The value of 𝑓 (5)𝑔(2) =
(7)(−1) = −7
𝑝(−1) (−1)2 −(−1)−2 0
111. = (3)2 +2
= =0
𝑞(3) 11
𝑓(5) 52 −1
112. ℎ(5) = = = 24/7
𝑔(5) 5+2
113. The value of 𝑓 will be defined for any 𝑥 so the answer is (− ∞ , + ∞)
114. 𝑔 will be defined as long as 𝑥 is not −𝑥 + 8 = 0 or 𝑥 = 8. So the solution is
(− ∞ , + ∞) − {8} = (− ∞ , 8) ∪ (8 , + ∞)
115. ℎ will be defined as long as 𝑥 is not 2𝑥 − 8 = 0 or 𝑥 = 4. So the solution is
(− ∞ , + ∞) − {4} = (− ∞ , 4) ∪ (4, + ∞)
116. 𝑓 will be defined when −𝑥 + 4 > 0 (this because it is inside the root and as a
denominator of fractions). So we get 𝑥 < 4 or (− ∞ , 4)
117. From √−𝑥 + 5 we get −𝑥 + 5 ≥ 0 ↔ 𝑥 ≤ 5. And from √𝑥 − 3 we get 𝑥 − 3 >
0 ↔ 𝑥 > 3. So the answer is (3 , 5]
118. The domain of this function is the set of all real numbers. The range is the set of
values that 𝑓(𝑥) takes as 𝑥 varies. If 𝑥 is a real number, 𝑥 2 is either positive or zero.
Hence we can write the following: 𝑥 2 ≥ 0
Subtract −1 to both sides to obtain
𝑥2 − 1 ≥ − 1
The last inequality indicates that 𝑥 2 − 1 takes all values greater that or equal to − 1. The
range of 𝑓 is given by [ −1 , +∞)
119. 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 5 = −(𝑥 − 3)2 + 14
88
−(𝑥 − 3)2 ≤ 0 , for all 𝑥 real.
add 14 to both sides of the inequality
−(𝑥 − 3)2 + 14 ≤ 14
The left side is the given function. Hence the range is given by the interval
(−∞ , 14]
120. 𝑔(𝑥) = |𝑥 + 4| − 3
|𝑥 + 4| ≥ 0 , for all 𝑥 real.
add −3 to both sides of the inequality
|𝑥 + 4| − 3 ≥ −3
The left side is the given function. Hence the range is given by the interval
[−3 , ∞)
121. The inverse function of the given function ℎ is
3𝑥 + 2
ℎ−1 (𝑥) =
1−𝑥
The range of h is the domain of ℎ−1 and is given by the interval (−∞ , 1) ∪ (1 , ∞)
1 1
122. The range of 𝑥 is given by (−∞ , 0) ∪ (0 , ∞). The range of |𝑥| is given by (0 , ∞).
1 1
The graph of |𝑥−3| is the graphs of 𝑥 shifted 3 units to the right and therefore 𝑓 (𝑥 ) =
1 1
|𝑥−3|
has the same range as |𝑥| which is (0 , ∞).
M13.3.2 GRAPHS OF FUNCTIONS

𝑏
6. If we have 𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 , use formula − 2𝑎 to determine the value of 𝑥 of maximum
𝑎
point. We get − 2(1) = 1 ↔ 𝑎 = −2. Substitute the maximum point (1, 2) into the
equation 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏. We get 2 = 12 + (−2)(1) + 𝑏 ↔ 𝑏 = 3
6
7. The axis of symmetry is at 𝑥 the top point, so: − 2𝑎 = 3 ↔ 𝑎 = −1. So, the 𝑦 function
becomes 𝑦 = −𝑥 2 + 6𝑥. The maximum value is (when 𝑥 = 3)
−(3)2 + 6(3) = −9 + 18 = 9
𝑏 𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
8. The maximum point of 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 3 is (𝑥𝑝 , 𝑦𝑝 ) = (− 2𝑎 , − ( )) =
4𝑎
4 42 −4(3)
(− 2 , − ( )) = (−2, −1). Then, substitute (−1,3) and (𝑥𝑝 , 𝑦𝑝 ) to the equation:
4
2
𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑥𝑝 ) + 𝑦𝑝
2
3 = 𝑎((−1) − (−2)) + (−1)
3= 𝑎−1
𝑎=4
2
So we get the graph 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑥𝑝 ) + 𝑦𝑝 = 4(𝑥 + 2)2 − 1 = 4𝑥 2 + 16𝑥 + 16 − 1
𝑦 = 4𝑥 2 + 16𝑥 + 15
89
9. The first and second derivatives of function 𝑓 are given by
𝑓 ′(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 ; 𝑓 "(𝑥) = − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
We now study the sign of 𝑓 "(𝑥) by solving the inequality − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 > 0
Multiply both sides by −1 to obtain 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 < 0
Let us study 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 < 0 over the interval [0, 2𝜋] which represents one period of 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥.
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 is negative for 𝑥 in the interval [𝜋 , 2 𝜋]. Hence 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 is concave up on the interval
(𝜋 , 2 𝜋).
10. In order to determine the points of inflection of function 𝑓, we need to calculate the
second derivative 𝑓" and study its sign. This gives the concavity of the graph of 𝑓 and
therefore any points of inflection.
𝑓′(𝑥) = 16𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2
𝑓 ′′ (𝑥 ) = 48𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 = 6𝑥(8𝑥 − 1)
The table below shows the signs of 6𝑥 and 8𝑥 − 1 and that of 𝑓′′which is the product of
6𝑥 and 8𝑥 − 1. Also the concavity is shown. The points of inflection are located where
1 1
there is a change in concavity. Hence the points (0, 𝑓(0)) = (0 , 2) and ( , 𝑓( )) =
8 8
1 2047
(8 , 1024) are points of inflection.
11. The first and second derivatives of 𝑓 are given by

𝑓′(𝑥) = −3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 ↔ 𝑓′′(𝑥) = −6𝑥 + 6
Any change of sign of 𝑓′′ gives an inflection point. We get 𝑓 ′′(𝑥 ) = 0 at 𝑥 = 1. Hence
the inflection point of 𝑓 is at (1 , 𝑓(1)) = (1 , 3)
12. We can get the 𝑥 value of axis of symmetry in the middle of point 𝐴 and 𝐵
𝑎 + (𝑎 + 6) 2𝑎 + 6
𝑥= = =𝑎+3
2 2
90
13. As we know, 𝑇 has same distance to 𝐴 and 𝐵. So that 𝑇 must lie on the axis of symmetry
of the parabola. The equation of axis of symmetry of parabola 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 5 is
𝑏 −6 3 3
𝑥𝑝 = − 2𝑎 = − 2(2) = 2. So the value of 𝑘 = 2
14. 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 7 = 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9 − 2 = (𝑥 − 3)2 − 2. So, we can get the graph 𝑔 by
shifting graph 𝑓 to the right 3 units and shifting down 2 units.
15. The formula of quadratic function which has a maximum point (𝑥𝑝 , 𝑦𝑝 ) and through the
2
point (𝑥, 𝑦) given by 𝑦 − 𝑦𝑝 = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑥𝑝 ) .
As we know, 𝑥𝑝 = −2, 𝑦𝑝 = −1, 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = −5. So, we get:
2
−5 − (−1) = 𝑎(0 − (−2))
−4 = 4𝑎 ↔ 𝑎 = −1
2
Now, we have 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑥𝑝 ) + 𝑦𝑝
𝑦 = −(𝑥 + 2)2 − 1
For 𝑥 = 2 we get 𝑓 (2) = −(2 + 2)2 − 1 = −17
2
16. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑥𝑝 ) + 𝑦𝑝 , where (𝑥𝑝 , 𝑦𝑝 ) is turning point.
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑎(𝑥 − 2)2 + 4 , we have 𝑓 (3) = 2 so that 𝑓 (3) = 𝑎(3 − 2)2 + 4 = 2
𝑎 + 4 = 2 ↔ 𝑎 = −2
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = −2(𝑥 − 2)2 + 4 ↔ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = −2(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4) + 4 = −2𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 − 4
17. First, we have to determine the value of 𝑎 by using axis of symmetry equation:
6 6
𝑥𝑝 = − 2𝑎 ↔ 3 = − 2𝑎 ↔ 𝑎 = −1. We get the equation of function:
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = −𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 1. Then, to get the maxiumum value, we substitute 𝑥 = 3 so that
𝑓 (3) = −32 + 6(3) − 1 = 8
18. In order that 𝑓 negative definite, it must be:
The value of 𝑎 + 1 < 0 ↔ 𝑎 < −1
Also, the value of discriminant < 0
(−2𝑎)2 − 4(𝑎 + 1)(𝑎 − 2) < 0
4𝑎2 − 4(𝑎2 − 𝑎 − 2) < 0
𝑎+2<0
𝑎 < −2, so the value of 𝑎 is 𝑎 < −2
19. To determine 𝑓 we have 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )(𝑥 − 𝑥2 ). Substitute 𝑥1 = 1, 𝑥2 = 4, 𝑥 =
0, 𝑓(𝑥) = −4 such that we have:
−4 = 𝑎(0 − 1)(0 − 4) ↔ −4 = 4𝑎 ↔ 𝑎 = −1
Now we have 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = −(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 4). Substitute 𝑥 = 7
𝑓 (7) = −(7 − 1)(7 − 4) = −18
20. The parabola is open down so we get the value of 𝑎 is negative, 𝑎 < 0.
The parabola does not cut 𝑥-axis, it means 𝐷 < 0
The parabola cut 𝑦-axis under 𝑥-axis, it means 𝑐 < 0
𝑏 −4
21. To get the abscissa of turning point we use 𝑥𝑝 = − 2𝑎 = − 2(2) = 1. Now, substitute 𝑥 =
1 to the equation 𝑓 (1) = 2(1)2 − 4(1) + 5 = 3. The turning point is (1, 3)
91
1
22. Consider the function 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = −𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 𝑥−2. The function is not defined at 𝑥 = 2. It
results in a division by zero. Therefore, the function has a vertical asymptote at 𝑥 = 2.
The graph of the function and the vertical asymptote is shown in the figure below
23. To find the horizontal asymptote, compare the degrees of the top and bottom polynomials.
In this case, the two degrees are the same (1), which means that the equation of the
horizontal asymptote is equal to the ratio of the leading coefficients (top : bottom). Since
the numerator's leading coefficient is 1, and the denominator's leading coefficient is 2, the
1
equation of the horizontal asymptote is 𝑦 = 2
To find the vertical asymptote, set the denominator equal to zero to find when the entire
5
function is undefined: 2𝑥 + 5 = 0 ↔ 𝑥 = − 2
24. This question is asking for the equation's slant asymptote. To find the slant asymptote,
divide the numerator by the denominator. Long division gives us the following:
4
𝑥−2+
𝑥+3
However, because we are considering 𝑥 as it approaches infinity, the effect that the last
term has on the overall linear equation quickly becomes negligible (tends to zero). Thus, it
can be ignored. So the line is 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 2 (slant asymptote)
𝑥 3 −1 1
25. We have 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥2 −1 = 𝑥 + 𝑥+1 for 𝑥 ≠ 1. So we get the slant asymptote 𝑦 = 𝑥 and
vertical asymptote 𝑥 = −1
92
M13.4 TRIGONOMETRY
M13.4.1 IDENTITIES AND EXACT VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS
1. Multiply both numerator and denominator by (1 − sin 𝐴)
(1 − sin 𝐴)2 (1 − sin 𝐴)2 1 − sin 𝐴 2 1 sin 𝐴 2
= = ( ) = ( − ) = (sec 𝐴 − tan 𝐴)2
(1 − sin2 𝐴) cos 2 𝐴 cos 𝐴 cos 𝐴 cos 𝐴
2. a) sin2 𝑢 = 1 + cos 2 𝑢 ↔ sin2 𝑢 − cos 2 𝑢 = 1 (not an identity)

cos 𝑢
b) cot 𝑢 = sin 𝑢 ≠ (sin 𝑢)(cos 𝑢) (not an identity)
1
c) sin2 𝑢 = 1 − sec2 𝑢 = 1 − cos 2 𝑢 ↔ sin2 𝑢 + cos 2 𝑢 = 1 (identity)
d) cos(−𝑢) ≠ − cos 𝑢 (not an identity)
1
3. sin 𝜃 (csc 𝜃 − sin 𝜃) = sin 𝜃 (csc 𝜃) − sin2 𝜃 = sin 𝜃 ( ) − sin2 𝜃 = 1 − sin2 𝜃 =
sin 𝜃
cos 2 𝜃
1
4. cos(−420°) = cos(420°) = cos(360° + 60°) = cos 60° =
2
1
cos 120° − √3
2
5. cot(840°) = cot(2 ∗ 360° + 120°) = cot 120° = = √3
=−
sin 120° 3
2
7𝜋 1 1 1 2
6. csc (− )= 7𝜋 =− 7𝜋 =− √2
= = √2
4 sin(− ) sin( ) (− ) √2
4 4 2
1 1 1
7. sec(−75°) = sec(75°) = = = =
cos(75°) cos(45°+30°) cos 45° cos 30°−sin 45° sin 30°
1 1 4 4 √6+√2 4(√6+√2)
√2 √3 √2 1
= √6 √2
= . And then ∗ = = √6 + √2
( )( )−( )( ) − √6−√2 √6−√2 √6+√2 4
2 2 2 2 4 4
M13.4.2 TRIGONOMETRIC GRAPHS

1. To get the period let’s see the distance for one wavelength.
93
5𝜋 𝜋 6𝜋
We have − (− 3 ) = = 2𝜋
3 3
2. The graph has amplitude 1 and has that value at 𝑥 = 0, so, the graph is 𝑐𝑜𝑠 function, but
the sign is negative (because the value is −1 when 𝑥 = 0)
𝑦 = − cos 𝑥
3. The graph shows cos function so the form of function is 𝑦 = 𝐴 cos(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐). We can see
the amplitude of the graph is 2. We have 𝑦 = 2 cos(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)
2𝜋 1
The period is 6𝜋 − (−2𝜋) = 8𝜋. 𝑏 = = . 8𝜋 4
𝑥
Now, we have 𝑦 = 2 cos (4 + 𝑐). Then, we substitute the known point (2𝜋, 0), 0 =
2𝜋 𝜋
2 cos ( + 𝑐) ↔ 0 = cos ( + 𝑐). So, the value of 𝑐 = 0.
4 2
𝑥
Finally, we have 𝑦 = 2 cos (4)
4. Based on the graph, we know that the graph is sinus because it has value 𝑦 = 0 when
𝑥 = 0. So, first we have 𝑦 = 𝐴 sin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐). The amplitude is 𝐴 = 1. The sign is
2𝜋 2𝜋
negative because it inverted with sin graph. To get the value of 𝑏 we use 𝑏 = 𝑇
= 1
=
2𝜋.
Now, we have 𝑦 = −sin(2𝜋𝑥 + 𝑐). Substitute (1,0) then we get 0 = − sin(2𝜋 + 𝑐),
𝑐 = 0. Finally, we have 𝑦 = − sin(2𝜋𝑥)
5. The function of the graph is sin and has the sign positive. So the first we have 𝑦 =
𝐴 sin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐). The amplitude is 𝐴 = 0.5.
2𝜋 2𝜋 2𝜋 𝜋
𝑏= = 𝜋 = 𝜋 = 4. Now we have 𝑦 = 0.5 sin(4𝑥 + 𝑐) Substitute (2 , 0) then we
𝑇 𝜋−
2 2
get 0 = 0.5 sin(2𝜋 + 𝑐), 𝑐 = 0.
Finally, we have 𝑦 = 0.5 sin(4𝑥)
5𝜋 3𝜋
6. 𝑇 = 4
− (− 4
) = 2𝜋
7. Define the function 𝑦 = 𝐴 sin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐). The amplitude is 1, also we define the sign of
function is positive. Now we have 𝑦 = sin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)
2𝜋 2𝜋 2𝜋 𝜋 𝜋𝑥
𝑏= 𝑇
= 2.5−(−1.5) = 4
= 2 . Now we have 𝑦 = sin ( 2 + 𝑐). There is shifting. Now we
𝜋
substitute (0.5,0) to the function 0 = sin (4 + 𝑐)
𝜋 𝜋𝑥 𝜋
𝑐 = − 4 . Finally, we get 𝑦 = sin ( 2 − 4 )
M13.4.3 TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS

1. sin2 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 = 2 ↔ sin2 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 − 2 = 0 ↔ (sin 𝑥 − 2)(sin 𝑥 + 1) = 0
3𝜋
sin 𝑥 = 2 (not solvable) , sin 𝑥 = −1 ↔ 𝑥 = = 270°
2
2
2. 2 cos 𝑥 − √2 cos 𝑥 = 0 ↔ √2 cos 𝑥 (√2 cos 𝑥 − 1) = 0
From the equation above, we get √2 cos 𝑥 = 0 ↔ cos 𝑥 = 0 ↔ 𝑥 = 90°, 270°
94
√2
√2 cos 𝑥 − 1 = 0 ↔ cos 𝑥 = ↔ 𝑥 = 45°, 315°
2
𝑥 = 45°, 90° 270°, 315°
3. sin2 𝑥 = −2. There is no solution.
4. cos 𝑥 + 9 = 10 ↔ cos 𝑥 = 1 ↔ 𝑥 = 0°
5. Use a trigonometry identity to get a quadratic in cosine:
cos 2 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 = sin2 𝑥
cos 2 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 = 1 − cos 2 𝑥
2 cos 2 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 − 1 = 0
(2 cos 𝑥 − 1)(cos 𝑥 + 1) = 0
1
cos 𝑥 = 2 or cos 𝑥 = −1
1
The first trigonometry equation cos 𝑥 = 2 gives 𝑥 = 60°, 300° .
The second question gives cos 𝑥 = −1 ↔ 𝑥 = 180°
So, the solution is 𝑥 = 60°, 180°, 300°
6. We can use a double-angle identity on the right-hand side, and rearrange and simplify;
then we'll factor:
sin 𝛼 = sin(2𝛼)
sin 𝛼 = 2 sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼
sin 𝛼 − 2 sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼 = 0
sin 𝛼 (1 − 2 cos 𝛼 ) = 0
1
sin 𝛼 = 0 ↔ 𝛼 = 0°, 180° or cos 𝛼 = 2 ↔ 𝛼 = 60°, 300°
Finally, we get 𝛼 = 0°, 60°, 180°, 300°
7. (sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 )2 = 1
sin2 𝑥 + cos 2 𝑥 + 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 = 1
1 + 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 = 1
2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 = 0
sin 2𝑥 = 0
2𝑥 = 0° ↔ 𝑥 = 0°
2𝑥 = 180° ↔ 𝑥 = 90°
2𝑥 = 360° ↔ 𝑥 = 180°
2𝑥 = 540° ↔ 𝑥 = 270°
𝑥 = 0°, 90°, 180°, 270°
M13.4.4 APPLICATION OF ADDITION FORMULAE

1. sin2 𝑥 + cos 2 𝑥 + sec2 𝑥 + csc2 𝑥 + tan2 𝑥 + cot 2 𝑥
= 1 + (1 + tan2 𝑥 ) + (1 + cot 2 𝑥 ) + tan2 𝑥 + cot 2 𝑥
= 3 + 2 tan2 𝑥 + 2 cot 2 𝑥
= 3 + 2(tan2 𝑥 + cot 2 𝑥 )
sin2 𝑥 cos 2 𝑥 sin4 𝑥 + cos 4 𝑥
= 3 + 2( 2 + ) = 3 + 2( )
cos 𝑥 sin2 𝑥 sin2 𝑥 cos 2 𝑥
95
(sin2 𝑥 + cos 2 𝑥 )2 − 2 sin2 𝑥 cos 2 𝑥 1
= 3 + 2( ) = 3 + 2 ( − 2)
sin2 𝑥 cos 2 𝑥 sin2 𝑥 cos 2 𝑥
1 4
= 3 + 2( 2 − 2) = 3 + 2 ( − 2)
sin 2𝑥 sin2 2𝑥
( 2 )
Based on the equation above, sin2 2𝑥 should be maximum, so that sin2 2𝑥 = 1

4
We get the minimum value of 𝑓 is 3 + 2 (1 − 2) = 7
1
2. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 10 + sec2 𝑥 = 10 + cos2 𝑥. If we want to get a minimum value, it must cos 2 𝑥
1
maximum. So that cos 2 𝑥 = 1. Then we get the minimum value 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 10 + 1 = 11.
3. 3 sin2 𝑥 + 4 cos 2 𝑥 = 3 sin2 𝑥 + 3 cos 2 𝑥 + cos 2 𝑥 = 3(sin2 𝑥 + cos 2 𝑥 ) + cos 2 𝑥 =
3(1) + cos 2 𝑥. If we want to get a maximum value, it must cos 2 𝑥 maximum. So that
cos 2 𝑥 = 1. Then we get the maximum value 3(1) + 1 = 4
4. The maximum value of 12 sin2 𝑥 − 3 when sin2 𝑥 = 1 so that 12(1) − 3 = 9
and the minimum value when sin2 𝑥 = 0 so that 12(0) − 3 = −3
The sum of maximum and minimum value is 9 + (−3) = 6
5. The maximum value is √32 + 42 = 5
3 4
6. 𝑦 = 3 sin 𝑥 − 4 cos 𝑥 = √32 + (−4)2 (√32 2 sin 𝑥 − √32 2 cos 𝑥)
+4 +4
3 4
𝑦 = 5 ( sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥) = 5(sin 𝑥 cos 𝜃 − sin 𝜃 cos 𝑥 ) = 5 sin(𝑥 − 𝜃)
5 5
−1 4 4
𝜃 = tan (3). Now, we get 𝑦 = 5 sin(𝑥 − tan−1 (3))
3 4
7. 𝑦 = 3 sin 𝑥 + 4 cos 𝑥 = 5 (5 sin 𝑥 + 5 cos 𝑥) = 5 cos(𝑥 − 𝜃)
𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
Then we have 5 = cos(𝑥 − 𝜃) ↔ arccos (5 ) = 𝑥 − 𝜃 ↔ 𝑥 = arccos (5 ) + 𝜃
𝑦 3
𝑥 = arccos ( ) + arctan ( )
5 4
M13.3.1 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
1. 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑦)) = 𝑦 only for 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝜋 . We first transform the given expression
4𝜋 2𝜋 4𝜋 2𝜋
noting that 𝑐𝑜𝑠( 3 ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠( 3 ) as follows 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑐𝑜𝑠( 3 )) = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑐𝑜𝑠( 3 ))
2𝜋
was chosen because it satisfies the condition 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝜋 . Which gives
3
4𝜋 2𝜋
𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑐𝑜𝑠( 3 )) = 3
𝜋 𝜋
2. 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑦)) = 𝑦 only for − 2 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 2 . We first transform the given expression
13𝜋 13𝜋 5𝜋 𝜋
noting that sin ( ) = sin ( − 2𝜋) = sin ( 4 ) = sin (− 4 ) as follows
4 4
96
13𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑠𝑖𝑛( )) = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑠𝑖𝑛(− 4 )). − 4 was chosen because it satisfies the condition
4
𝜋 𝜋 13𝜋 𝜋
− 2 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 2 . Which gives 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )) = − 4
4
−1 𝜋 −1 𝜋 𝜋
3. tan (sin (− )) = tan (− sin ( )) = tan−1 (−1) = tan−1 (− tan ( )) =
2 2 4
−1 𝜋 𝜋
− tan (tan (4 )) = − 4
3 3 9 25 5
4. Let tan−1 (4) = 𝜃 ↔ tan 𝜃 = 4 ↔ sec2 𝜃 = tan2 𝜃 + 1 ↔ sec 𝜃 = √16 + 1 = √16 = 4
1 4
cos 𝜃 = =
sec 𝜃 5
1 1
5. Note that sec −1 (𝑥) = cos −1 (𝑥) the value of 𝑥 is never reach 0. So we get the range is
𝜋
[0, 𝜋] − { }
2
1
6. The range of sec −1 (𝑥) = cos −1 (𝑥) it is undefined when 𝑥 ∈ (−1,1), so the domain is
ℝ − (−1,1)
7. Based on the domain and range of the graph, the graph of y = cos −1 (𝑥) is showed by
option B
97
M13.5 LIMITS, CONTINUITY AND DIFFERENTIABILITY
M13.5.1 LIMITS
tan2 3𝑡 sin 3𝑡 sin 3𝑡 1 sin 3𝑡 sin 3𝑡 3 0
123. lim = lim cos 3𝑡 ∙ cos 3𝑡 ∙ 2𝑡 = lim ∙ cos2 3𝑡 = (2) (12 ) = 0
𝑡→0 2𝑡 𝑡→0 𝑡→0 2𝑡
𝑥2 sin 𝑥
𝑥 2 +sin 𝑥 + 0+1 1
𝑥 𝑥
124. lim = lim 𝑥 tan 2𝑥 = 1+2 = 3
𝑥→0 𝑥+tan 2𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑥+ 𝑥
𝑛2
𝑛2 𝑛2 1
125. lim = lim = lim =∞
𝑛→∞ √𝑛3 +𝑛2 +1+7 𝑛→∞ √𝑛3 +𝑛2 +1 7
+ 2 𝑛→∞ √ 1 + 1 + 1 + 7
𝑛2 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛2 𝑛4 𝑛2
1 4 (𝑥+2)−4 𝑥−2 1 1
126. lim (𝑥−2 − 𝑥2 −4) = lim = lim (𝑥−2)(𝑥+2) = lim 𝑥+2 = 4
𝑥→2 𝑥→2 𝑥 2 −4 𝑥→2 𝑥→2
ln 𝑥 2 0
127. lim 𝑥2 −1 this is 0 form, so that we use L’Hopital:
𝑥→1
2𝑥 2
ln 𝑥 2 ( 2) ( ) 2
lim 2 = lim 𝑥 = lim 𝑥 = lim 2 = 1
𝑥→1 𝑥 − 1 𝑥→1 2𝑥 𝑥→1 2𝑥 𝑥→1 2𝑥
sin(𝜋𝑥) 0
128. lim this is 0 form, so that we use L’Hopital:
𝑥→1 ln 𝑥
sin(𝜋𝑥) 𝜋 cos(𝜋𝑥) −𝜋
lim = lim = = −𝜋
𝑥→1 ln 𝑥 𝑥→1 1 1
( )
𝑥
M13.5.2 PIECEWISE FUNCTIONS

26. Note that:
98
Evaluate the one-sided limit:
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim− 2𝑥 + 3 = 2(4) + 3 = 11
𝑥→4− 𝑥→4
lim+ 𝑓(𝑥) = lim+ 5𝑥 − 9 = 5(4) − 9 = 11
𝑥→4 𝑥→4
If the one-sided limits are the same, the limit exists.
So, we get lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 11
𝑥→4
27. Evaluate the one-sided limit:

lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim− 𝑥 2 + 4 = 02 + 4 = 4
𝑥→0− 𝑥→0
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim+ √𝑥 = √0 = 0

𝑥→0+ 𝑥→0
If the one-sided limits are different, the limit doesn't exist.
28. Given that:

2𝑥 + 7, 𝑥<3
𝑓(𝑥) = {
𝑝𝑥 − 5, 𝑥≥3
lim 𝑓(𝑥 ) = lim+ 𝑓 (𝑥 )
𝑥→3− 𝑥→3
lim− 𝑓(𝑥 )2𝑥 + 7 = lim+ 𝑝𝑥 − 4
𝑥→3 𝑥→3
2(3) + 7 = 3𝑝 − 5
13 = 3𝑝 − 5
18
𝑝= =6
3
29. Given that

1
𝑚𝑥 + 2𝑛, 𝑥<
𝑓(𝑥) = { 4
1
5𝑥 + 𝑛, 𝑥≥
4
and
9
lim 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥→
1 4
4
So that:
9
lim− 𝑓(𝑥 ) = lim+ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) =
𝑥→
1
𝑥→
1 4
4 4
𝑚 5 9
lim− + 2𝑛 = lim+ + 𝑛 =
𝑥→
1 4 𝑥→
1 4 4
4 4
We get 𝑚 = 1 and 𝑛 = 1
𝑚+𝑛 = 2
𝜋 𝜋
30. lim− 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = lim− sin ( 𝑥) = sin = 1
𝑥→4 𝑥→4 8 2
99
𝑥
lim+ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = lim+ =1
𝑥→4 𝑥→4 4
If the one-sided limits agree, the limit exists. So that lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 1
𝑥→4
31. Based on the graph, lim− 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 4 ≠ 0 = lim+ 𝑓(𝑥). So the limit does not exist.
𝑥→0 𝑥→0
M13.5.3 LIMITS, CONTINUITY, AND DIFFERENTIABILITY

1. 𝑓 continue at 𝑥 = 0 if:
lim− 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓 (0) = lim+ 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→0 𝑥→0
−1 = −1 = 1(0) + 𝑏, so that we have 𝑏 = −1
𝑓 continue at 𝑥 = 1 if:
lim− 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓 (1) = lim+ 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→1 𝑥→1
𝑎(1) − 1 = 𝑎(1) − 1 = 1, so that we get 𝑎 = 2
2. 𝑓 is discontinue if one or two result of lim− 𝑓(𝑥) , 𝑓(𝑐 ), lim+ 𝑓(𝑥) is not equal
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐
Based on the graph, 𝑓 discontinues when 𝑥 = −4, 𝑥 = 2, 𝑥 = 4
3. 𝑓 is discontinue if one or two result of lim− 𝑓(𝑥) , 𝑓(𝑐 ), lim+ 𝑓(𝑥) is not equal
Based on the graph, 𝑓 discontinues when 𝑥 = −8, 𝑥 = −2, 𝑥 = 6
4. All we need to do is determine where the denominator is zero and that is fairly easy for
this problem.
3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 8 = 0
(3𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 + 2) = 0
4
We get 𝑥 = −2, 𝑥 = 3
5. 𝑓 is differentiable at 𝑥 = 𝑐 if lim− 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓 (𝑐 ) = lim+ 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑓−′(𝑐 ) = 𝑓+′(𝑐)

So that based on the graph 𝑓 is differentiable at (−6, −4) ∪ (−4,2) ∪ (2, 4)
6. 𝑓 is differentiable at 𝑥 = 𝑐 if lim− 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓 (𝑐 ) = lim+ 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑓−′(𝑐 ) = 𝑓+′(𝑐)

So that based on the graph 𝑓 is differentiable at (−12, −8) ∪ (−8 , −2) ∪ (−2,6) ∪
(6,10]
100
M13.6 ALGEBRA
M13.6.1 SEQUENCES
129. Let 𝑆𝑛 = 6 + 10 + 14 + . . . + 62 (arithmetic)
𝑎 = 6, 𝑏 = 4, 𝑈𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑏
62 = 6 + (𝑛 − 1)(4)−→ 𝑛 = 15
𝑛 15
𝑆𝑛 = (𝑎 + 𝑈𝑛 ) = (6 + 62) = 510
2 2
1 1 1 1
130. Given that ∑𝑛𝑘=2 𝑘 2 −1 = 2 ∑𝑛𝑘=2 (𝑘−1 − 𝑘+1)
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= (( − ) + ( − ) + ( − ) + ⋯ ( − ))
2 1 3 2 4 3 5 𝑛−1 𝑛+1
1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 3 1 1
= (1 + − − )= ( − − )= − −
2 2 𝑛 𝑛+1 2 2 𝑛 𝑛+1 4 2𝑛 2(𝑛 + 1)
3 1 1
Substitute 𝑛 = 10, we get − −
4 2(10) 2(11)
131. If 𝑛 is odd, 𝑛 − 1 is even. Sum of (𝑛 − 1) terms will be

(𝑛−1)(𝑛−1+1)2 𝑛2 (𝑛−1)
=
2 2
𝑛2 (𝑛−1) 𝑛2 (𝑛+1)
The nth term will be 𝑛2 . Hence the required sum + 𝑛2 =
2 2
1 sin2 𝑛 1
132. We know that −1 ≤ sin2 𝑛 ≤ 1 ↔ − 𝑛3 ≤ ≤ 𝑛3
𝑛3
1 sin2 𝑛 1 sin2 𝑛 sin2 𝑛
lim − 𝑛3 ≤ lim 𝑛3
≤ lim ↔ 0 ≤ lim ≤ 0. So we get lim
𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞ 𝑛3 𝑛→∞ 𝑛3 𝑛→∞ 𝑛3
The sequence has the limit converge to 0
1 2
𝑛3 −𝑛2 +𝑛+2 𝑛−1+ + 2
2 𝑛 𝑛
133. lim 𝑎𝑛 = lim 2𝑛2 −1
then divided by 𝑛 we get lim 1 = ∞. So, the
𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞ 2− 2
𝑛
sequence is divergent.
134. 6, 14, 22, 30, … we know that is arithmetic sequence, 𝑎 = 6, 𝑏 = 8
The value of nth we can determine using

𝑈𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑏 = 6 + (𝑛 − 1)(8) = 8𝑛 − 2
135. We have 10, 13, 16, 19, … 𝑎 = 10, 𝑏 = 3

𝑈12 = 10 + (12 − 1)(3) = 43
12
𝑆12 = (10 + 43) = 318
2
𝑛 𝑛 1
136. can write the sequence into 𝑎𝑛 = . The limit is lim = lim 1 =1
𝑛+1 𝑛→∞ 𝑛+1 𝑛→∞ 1+𝑛
101
1
137. lim + 4 = 4. The limit is 4 and convergent.
𝑛→∞ 𝑛
138. If we write out the initial few terms, we will get 1, 0.707…, 0.577…, 0.5, 0.445…,
…
and so on. It is not immediately apparent what the limit is Thus, the limit of the sequence
is 0.
M13.6.2 MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION

100. First, we have:
𝑛 1 𝑛
(1) ∑𝑖=1 𝑖(𝑖+1) = 𝑛+1
1 1 1
When 𝑛 = 1, the left side of (1) is 1·2 = 2 , and the right side is 2 , so both
sides are equal and (1) is true for 𝑛 = 1.
Let 𝑘 positive integer be given and suppose (1) is true for 𝑛 = 𝑘. Then
𝑘+1 𝑘
1 1 1 𝑘 1
∑ =∑ + = +
𝑖 (𝑖 + 1) 𝑖(𝑖 + 1) (𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2) 𝑘 + 1 (𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2)
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
𝑘 (𝑘 + 2) + 1 (𝑘 + 1)2 𝑘+1 (𝑘 + 1)
= = =
(𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2) (𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2) 𝑘 + 2 (𝑘 + 1) + 1

𝑛
(1) ∑𝑖=1 2𝑖 − 1 = 𝑛2
When 𝑛 = 1, the left side of (1) is 2 ∙ 1 − 1 = 1, and the right side is 1, so both
𝑘+1 𝑘
∑ 2𝑖 − 1 = ∑ 2𝑖 − 1 + 2(𝑘 + 1) − 1
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
= 𝑘 + 2(𝑘 + 1) − 1 = 𝑘 2 + 2𝑘 + 1 = (𝑘 + 1)2
2

𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1)
(1) ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑖 2 = 6
When 𝑛 = 1, the left side of (1) is 12 = 1, and the right side is 1, so both
𝑘+1 𝑘
𝑘 (𝑘 + 1)(2𝑘 + 1)
∑ 𝑖 = ∑ 𝑖 2 + (𝑘 + 1)2 =
2
+ (𝑘 + 1)2
6
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2)(2𝑥 + 3) (𝑥 + 1)((𝑥 + 1) + 1)(2(𝑥 + 1) + 1)
= =
6 6
102
𝑛2 (𝑛+1)2
(1) ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑖 3 = 4
When 𝑛 = 1, the left side of (1) is 13 = 1, and the right side is 1, so both
𝑘+1 𝑘
𝑘 2 (𝑘 + 1)2
∑ 𝑖 = ∑ 𝑖 3 + (𝑘 + 1)3 =
3
+ (𝑘 + 1)3
4
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
𝑘 2 (𝑘 + 1)2 + 4(𝑘 + 1)3 (𝑘 + 1)2 (𝑘 2 + 4(𝑘 + 1)) (𝑘 + 1)2 (𝑘 + 2)2
= = =
4 4 4
2 2
(𝑘 + 1) ((𝑘 + 1) + 1)
=
4

𝑛(3𝑛−1)
(1) ∑𝑛𝑖=1 3𝑖 −2= 2
𝑘+1 𝑘
𝑘 (3𝑘 − 1)
∑ 3𝑖 − 2 = ∑ 3𝑖 − 2 + 3(𝑘 + 1) − 2 = + (3𝑘 + 1)
2
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
3𝑘 2 − 𝑘 + 6𝑘 + 2 3𝑘 2 + 5𝑘 + 2 (3𝑘 + 2)(𝑘 + 1) (𝑘 + 1)(3(𝑘 + 1) − 1)
= = =
2 2 2 2

𝑛
(1) ∑𝑖=1 2𝑖 − 1 = 𝑛2
𝑘+1 𝑘
∑ 2𝑖 − 1 = ∑ 2𝑖 − 1 + 2(𝑘 + 1) − 1 = 𝑘 2 + 2(𝑘 + 1) − 1
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
𝑘 2 + 2𝑘 + 1 = (𝑘 + 1)2

5𝑛 −1
(1) ∑𝑛𝑖=1 5𝑖−1 = 4
When 𝑛 = 1, the left side of (1) is 51−1 = 1, and the right side is 1, so both
103
𝑘+1 𝑘
𝑖−1 𝑖−1 𝑘+1−1
5𝑘 − 1 𝑘
5𝑘 − 1 + 4 ∙ 5𝑘
∑5 = ∑5 +5 = +5 =
4 4
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
5 ∙ 5𝑘 − 1 5𝑘+1 − 1
= =
4 4

𝑛
(1) ∑𝑖=1(𝑖 + 1)2𝑖 = 𝑛 ∙ 2𝑛+1
When 𝑛 = 1, the left side of (1) is (1 + 1)21 = 4, and the right side is 4, so both
𝑘+1 𝑘
∑(𝑖 + 1)2𝑖 = ∑(𝑖 + 1)2𝑖 + ((𝑘 + 1) + 1)2𝑘+1 = 𝑘 ∙ 2𝑘+1 + (𝑘 + 2)2𝑘+1

𝑖=1 𝑖=1
𝑘+1 (
=2 𝑘 + 𝑘 + 2) = (2𝑘 + 2)2𝑘+1 = 2(𝑘 + 1)2𝑘+1
= (𝑘 + 1)2𝑘+2 = (𝑘 + 1)2(𝑘+1)+1

𝑛(𝑛+1)(𝑛+2)
(1) ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑖(𝑖 + 1) = 3
When 𝑛 = 1, the left side of (1) is 1(2) = 2, and the right side is 2, so both
𝑘+1 𝑘
𝑘(𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2)
∑ 𝑖 (𝑖 + 1) = ∑ 𝑖 (𝑖 + 1) + (𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2) = + (𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2)
3
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
𝑘 (𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2) + 3(𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2) (𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2)(𝑘 + 3)
=
3 3
(𝑘 + 1)((𝑘 + 1) + 1)((𝑘 + 1) + 2)
=
3

𝑖(𝑖+1) 𝑛(𝑛+1)(𝑛+2)
(1) ∑𝑛𝑖=1 =
2 6
1(2)
When 𝑛 = 1, the left side of (1) is = 1, and the right side is 1, so both
2
𝑘+1 𝑘
𝑖 (𝑖 + 1) 𝑖(𝑖 + 1) (𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2) 𝑘 (𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2) (𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2)
∑ =∑ + = +
2 2 2 6 2
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
𝑘 (𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2) + 3(𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2) (𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2)(𝑘 + 3)
=
6 6
104
M13.6.3 BINOMIAL THEOREM
1. (5𝑥 − 4)4 = (40)(5𝑥)0 (−4)4 + (41)(5𝑥)1(−4)3 + (42)(5𝑥)2 (−4)2 + (43)(5𝑥)3 (−4)1 +

(44)(5𝑥)4 (−4)0
2. As expansion is of the form (𝑎 + 𝑥 )𝑛 , so 3𝑟𝑑 term of (2 + 𝑦)6

6
is (6−3+1 )26−3+1 ∙ 𝑦 3−1 = (64)24 ∙ 𝑦 2 = 15(16)𝑦 2 = 240𝑦 2
3. As expansion is of the form (𝑎 + 𝑥 )𝑛 , so 𝑟 𝑡ℎ term

𝑛
( ) 𝑎(𝑛−𝑟+1) 𝑥 𝑟−1
𝑛−𝑟+1
𝑥 4 will come in 5𝑡ℎ term.
Hence we have to find the 5𝑡ℎ term of the expansion.
8
The 5𝑡ℎ term is (8−5+1 )5(8−5+1) 𝑥 5−1 = (84)54 𝑥 4
Hence coefficient of 𝑥 4 is 43750.
4. As expansion is of the form (𝑎 + 𝑥 )𝑛 , so 𝑟 𝑡ℎ term

𝑛
( ) 𝑎(𝑛−𝑟+1) 𝑥 𝑟−1
𝑛−𝑟+1
𝑦 5 will come in 6𝑡ℎ term.
Hence we have to find the 6𝑡ℎ term of the expansion.
6
The 6𝑡ℎ term is (6−6+1 )2(6−6+1) 𝑦 6−1 = (61)2𝑦 5
Hence coefficient of 𝑦 5 is 12.
1 (10−5+1) 1 5−1 1 1
10
5. (10−5+1)( )
2 𝑥
(− 2) = (210) (26 𝑥3) (24 ) = 105
√
1 1 1
Now we get 210 𝑥3 = 2 ↔ 210 𝑥 3 = 2 ↔ 𝑥 3 = 2−9 ↔ 𝑥 = 2−3 = 8
6. (3𝑥 − 𝑦)3 = (30)(3𝑥)3 (−𝑦)0 + (31)(3𝑥)2 (−𝑦)1 + (32)(3𝑥)1 (−𝑦)2 + (33)(3𝑥)0 (−𝑦)3
27𝑥 3 − 27𝑥 2 𝑦 + 9𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑦 3
7. Using the formula 𝑇𝑟+1 = (𝑛𝑟)𝑎𝑛−𝑟 𝑏𝑟

6
11 𝑥2 1
𝑇6+1 = ( ) 211−6 ( ) ↔ (462)(32) ( ) 𝑥 12 = 231𝑥 12
6 2 64
1 12 1 12
8. We will determine the term independent of 𝑥 in (3𝑥 − 2𝑥2 ) = (3𝑥 − 2 𝑥 −2 )
Use the formula 𝑇𝑟+1 = (𝑛𝑟)𝑎𝑛−𝑟 𝑏𝑟
105
𝑟
𝑥 −2
𝑇𝑟+1 = (12
𝑟
)(3𝑥)12−𝑟 (− ) note that (𝑥 12−𝑟 )(𝑥 −2𝑟 ) = 𝑥 0 ↔ 12 − 3𝑟 = 0 ↔ 𝑟 = 4
2
4
𝑥 −2 495
Now, we have 𝑇4+1 = (12
4
)(3𝑥)12−4 (− ) = 38 ( 16 )
2
9. Use the formula 𝑇𝑟+1 = (𝑛𝑟)𝑎𝑛−𝑟 𝑏𝑟
2 𝑟
𝑇𝑟+1 = (6𝑟)(𝑥)6−𝑟 (𝑥2 ) note that (𝑥 6−𝑟 )(𝑥 −2𝑟 ) = 𝑥 0 ↔ 6 − 3𝑟 = 0 ↔ 𝑟 = 2
2 2
Now, we have 𝑇2+1 = (62)(𝑥)6−2 (𝑥2 ) = 60
10. Let 𝑥 = 1, (2020(1)3 − 2019)20 = 1
M13.6.4 PARTIAL FRACTIONS

5𝑥−4 𝐴 𝐵 𝐴(𝑥+1)+𝐵(𝑥−2) (𝐴+𝐵)𝑥+(𝐴−2𝐵)
1. Let 𝑥2 −𝑥−2 = 𝑥−2 + 𝑥+1, now we have =
(𝑥−2)(𝑥−1) 𝑥 2 −𝑥−2
𝐴 + 𝐵 = 5 ; 𝐴 − 2𝐵 = −4. By using substitution, we get 𝐴 = 2, 𝐵 = 3
5𝑥−4 2 3
So that 𝑥2 −𝑥−2 = 𝑥−2 + 𝑥+1
2. Because (𝑥 + 3)2 has an exponent of 2, it needs two terms (𝐴1 and 𝐴2 ).

And (𝑥 2 + 3) is a quadratic, so it will need 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶:
𝑥 2 + 15 𝐴1 𝐴2 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶
2 2
= + 2
+ 2
(𝑥 + 3) (𝑥 + 3) 𝑥 + 3 (𝑥 + 3) 𝑥 +3
3𝑥+5 3𝑥+5 𝐴 𝐵 𝐴(2𝑥+1)+𝐵(𝑥−3) (2𝐴+𝐵)𝑥+(𝐴−3𝐵)

3. = = + = =
2𝑥 2 −5𝑥−3 (2𝑥+1)(𝑥−3) 𝑥−3 2𝑥+1 (2𝑥+1)(𝑥−3) (2𝑥+1)(𝑥−3)
We get 2𝐴 + 𝐵 = 3 ; 𝐴 − 3𝐵 = 5, by using substitution we get 𝐴 = 2, 𝐵 = −1
3𝑥+5 2 1
So, we get 2𝑥2 −5𝑥−3 = 𝑥−3 − 2𝑥+1
2 1 2(2𝑥+1)−(𝑥−3) 3𝑥+5
4. − 2𝑥+1 = (𝑥−3)(2𝑥+1)
= (𝑥−3)(2𝑥+1)
𝑥−3
5. From the equation, we get 3𝑥 + 1 = 𝐴(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 2) + 𝐵(𝑥 + 2) + 𝐶 (𝑥 − 1)2

3𝑥 + 1 = (𝐴 + 𝐶 )𝑥 2 + (𝐴 + 𝐵 − 2𝐶 )𝑥 + (−2𝐴 + 2𝐵 + 𝐶)
So that 𝐴 + 𝐶 = 0
𝑥 2 +1 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
6. (𝑥−1)2 (𝑥+1)
can be expressed to . + (𝑥−1)2 +
(𝑥−1) 𝑥+1
5𝑥 𝐴𝑥+𝐵 𝐶 (𝐴𝑥+𝐵)(𝑥−2)+𝐶(𝑥 2 +𝑥+1) (𝐴+𝐶)𝑥 2 +(−2𝐴+𝐵+𝐶)𝑥−2𝐵+𝐶

7. = 𝑥2 +𝑥+1 + 𝑥−2 = =
(𝑥 2 +𝑥+1)(𝑥−2) (𝑥 2 +𝑥+1)(𝑥−2) (𝑥 2 +𝑥+1)(𝑥−2)
We have 𝐴 + 𝐶 = 0 ; −2𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶 = 5 ; −2𝐵 + 𝐶 = 0
10 5 10
Then, we get 𝐴 = − 7
;𝐵 = 7 ;𝐶 = 7
106
5
𝐴+𝐵+𝐶 =
7
4𝑥 3 +10𝑥+4 2𝑥(2𝑥 2 +𝑥)−2𝑥 2 +10𝑥+4 −2𝑥 2 −𝑥+11𝑥+4 11𝑥+4

8. = = 2𝑥 + = 2𝑥 − 1 + 2𝑥2 +𝑥
2𝑥 2 +𝑥 2𝑥 2 +𝑥 2𝑥 2 +𝑥
𝐴 = 2, 𝐵 = −1 ↔ 𝐴 + 𝐵 = 1
𝑥 3 +1 1−𝑥
9. = 𝑥 + 𝑥2 +1
𝑥 2 +1
1 1 1 (𝑥+4)−(𝑥−2) 1 6 1
10. 6(𝑥−2) − 6(𝑥+4) = 6 ( (𝑥−2)(𝑥+4) ) = 6 ((𝑥−2)(𝑥+4)) = (𝑥−2)(𝑥+4)
𝐴 = 0; 𝐵 = 1; 𝐴 + 𝐵 = 1
107
M13.7 PROBABILITY AND INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
M13.7.1 PROBABILITY OF EVENTS

139. Here, 𝑛(𝑆) = 52. Let 𝐸 = event of getting a queen of club or a king of heart.
2 1
Then, 𝑛(𝐸) = 2. So that the probability is = 26
52
140. Let 𝑆 be the sample space and 𝐴 be the event of a lorry first.
𝑛(𝑆) = 50
𝑛(𝐴) = 50 − 30 − 15 = 5
Probability of a lorry first:
5 1
𝑃 (𝐴 ) = =
50 10
141. Let 𝐴 be the event of a class having at least 3 left-handed students.

𝑛(𝐴) = 24 + 16 + 4 = 44
44 11
𝑃 (𝐴 ) = =
60 15
142. At first:
Table 𝑋: 𝐴𝐴𝐵
Table 𝑌: 𝐴𝐵
Let 𝑃(𝐴𝑋 ) = Probability of selecting 𝐴 from 𝑋
Let 𝑃(𝐵𝑋 ) = Probability of selecting 𝐵 from 𝑋
Let 𝑃(𝐵𝑌 ) = Probability of selecting 𝐵 from 𝑌
2 1 1 2 4
𝑃(𝐵𝑌 ) = 𝑃 (𝐴𝑋 ) × 𝑃(𝐵𝑌 |𝐴𝑋 ) + 𝑃(𝐵𝑋 ) × 𝑃 (𝐵𝑌 |𝐵𝑋 ) = × + × =
3 3 3 3 9
2 1
143. 𝑃 (𝐴) = 𝑃 (4 𝑜𝑟 5) = 6 = ` 3
3 1
𝑃(𝐵) = 𝑃(1 𝑜𝑟 2 𝑜𝑟 3) = =
6 2
1 1 1
𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) × 𝑃 (𝑏) = × =
3 2 6
144. These are independent events.

𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) × 𝑃 (𝐵) = 0.6 × 0.4 = 0.24
4
145. 𝑃 (𝑌𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 ) = 10
3
𝑃(𝐺𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛) =
10
4 3 7
𝑃(𝑌𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑜𝑟 𝐺𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛) = 𝑃(𝑌𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 ) + 𝑝(𝐺𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛) = + =
10 10 10
108
146. 𝑃 (𝐾𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝑙𝑢𝑏) = 𝑃(𝐾𝑖𝑛𝑔) + 𝑃(𝐶𝑙𝑢𝑏) − 𝑃(𝐾𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑙𝑢𝑏𝑠)
4 13 1 16 4
= + − = =
52 52 52 52 13
M13.7.2 INVERSE NORMAL PROBLEMS
9. Area → 𝑧 Interval → 𝑥 Interval
Recall for this problem, 𝜇 = 70 and 𝜎 = 10. We determined that 𝑧 = 1.04

𝑥−𝜇 𝑥 − 70
𝑧= ↔ 1.04 = ↔ 𝑥 = 80.4
𝜎 10
10. Area → 𝑧 Interval → 𝑥 Interval
Recall for this problem, 𝜇 = 70 and 𝜎 = 10. We determined that 𝑧 = −1.28

𝑥−𝜇 𝑥 − 70
𝑧= ↔ −1.28 = ↔ 𝑥 = 57.2
𝜎 10
11. Given that 𝜇 = 55 and 𝜎 2 = 16 ↔ 𝜎 = 4
0.15
𝑧 = −1.03643338
109
𝑥−𝜇 𝑥 − 55
=𝑧 ↔ = −1.03643338
𝜎 4
We get 𝑥 = 50.85
12. 𝑎 = 𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚(0.075,340,28) ≈ 300

𝑏 = 𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚(0.925,340,28) ≈ 380
42.5% 42.5%
7.5%
𝑎 340 𝑏
92.5%
13. 𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚(0.97,16,0.4) = 16.802

0.97 is area below cut of value ; 16 is μ ; 0.4 is 𝜎
0.03
0.97 ?
110
14. 𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚(0.22,16,0.4) = 15.702
0.22 is area below cut of value ; 16 is μ ; 0.4 is 𝜎
0.22
15. 𝑃(𝑥 < 𝑎) = 0.695

𝑃(𝑧 < 𝑎) = 0.695
𝑎 = 0.51
16. 𝑃(𝑥 > 𝑏) = 0.015

𝑃(𝑥 < 𝑏) = 1 − 0.015 = 0.985
𝑏 = 2.17
M13.7.3 BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION

9. A binomial experiment is an experiment which satisfies these four conditions:
- A fixed number of trials
- Each trial is independent of the others
- There are only two outcomes
- The probability of each outcome remains constant from trial to trial
10. Paragraph II and III are binomial. For paragraph II, the 15 students represent 15 trials,
the two outcomes are “more than 21” or not. For the paragraph III, the 30 cars represent
30 trials. The two outcomes are “less than 200,000 miles” or not.
11. Let 𝑋 = number of rejected pistons

(In this case, "success" means rejection!)
Here, 𝑛 = 10, 𝑝 = 0.12, 𝑞 = 0.88
No rejects. That is, when 𝑥 = 0
𝑃 (𝑋) = 𝐶𝑥𝑛 𝑝 𝑥 𝑞𝑛−𝑥 = 𝐶010(0.12)0 (0.88)10 = 0.2785
One reject. That is, when 𝑥 = 1
𝑃 (𝑋) = 𝐶110 (0.12)1 (0.88)9 = 0.37977
Two rejects. That is, when 𝑥 = 2
𝑃 (𝑋) = 𝐶210 (0.12)2 (0.88)8 = 0.23304
111
So the probability of getting no more than 2 rejects is
𝑃 (𝑋 ≤ 2) = 0.2785 + 0.37977 + 0.23304 = 0.89131
1.09
12. The probability of getting a boy is 1.09+1.00 = 0.5215
Let 𝑋 number of boys in the family
Here,
𝑛=6
𝑝 = 0.5215
𝑞 = 1 − 0.5215 = 0.4785
- When 𝑥 = 3
𝑃(𝑋) = 𝐶𝑥𝑛 𝑝 𝑥 𝑞𝑛−𝑥 = 𝐶36 (0.5215)3 (0.4785)3 = 0.31077
- When 𝑥 = 4
𝑃(𝑋) = 𝐶46 (0.5215)4 (0.4785)2 = 0.25402
- When 𝑥 = 5
𝑃(𝑋) = 𝐶56 (0.5215)5 (0.4785)1 = 0.11074
- When 𝑥 = 6
𝑃(𝑋) = 𝐶66 (0.5215)6 (0.4785)0 = 0.02011
So the probability of getting at least 3 boys is:
𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 3) = 0.31077 + 0.25402 + 0.11074 + 0.02011 = 0.69564
4
13. Here, 𝑛 = 4 ; 𝑝 = 5 = 0.8 ; 1 − 0.8 = 0.2
Let 𝑋 = number of hits
Let 𝑥0 = no hits, 𝑥1 = 1 hit , 𝑥2 = 2 hits, etc.
𝑃(𝑋) = 𝑃(𝑥3 ) + 𝑃 (𝑥4 ) = 𝐶34 (0.8)3 (0.2)1 + 𝐶44 (0.8)4 (0.2)0 = 0.8192
14. Probability of success 𝑝 = 0.8, 𝑞 = 1 − 𝑝 = 0.2

𝑋 = success in getting through
Probability of 7 successes in 10 attempts:
𝑃(𝑋 = 7) = 𝐶710 (0.8)7 (0.2)3 = 0.20133
15. Let 𝑋 = number who recover

Here, 𝑛 = 6 and 𝑥 = 4. Let 𝑝 = 0.25 (success, that is, they live), 𝑞 = 0.75 (failure, i.e.
they die).
The probability that 4 will recover:
𝑃(𝑋) = 𝐶𝑥𝑛 𝑝 𝑥 𝑞𝑛−𝑥 = 𝐶46(0.25)4 (0.75)2 = 0.0329595
16. This is a binomial distribution because there are only 2 possible outcomes (we get a 3 or
we don't).
Now 𝑛 = 3. Let X = number of threes appearing.
Here, 𝑥 = 0
112
1 0 5 3 125
𝑃 (𝑋 = 0) = 𝐶𝑥𝑛 𝑝 𝑥 𝑞𝑛−𝑥 = 𝐶03 ( ) ( ) =
6 6 216
M13.7.4 ESTIMATION
9. Mean of the population 𝜇 = 70 kg
Standard deviation of the population 𝜎 = 15 kg
Sample size 𝑛 = 50
Mean of the sample is given by:
𝜇𝑥̅ = 70 kg
Standard deviation of the sample is given by:
𝜎 15
𝜎𝑥̅ = 𝑛 = ≈ 2.1 kg
√ √50
10. Sample size 𝑛 = 25

Mean of the population 𝜇 = 40
Standard deviation of the population 𝜎 = 7.5 kg
The Central Limit Theorem says that the mean of the sampling distribution of the sample
means is exactly equal to the population mean.
So, the mean of sample is 𝜇𝑥̅ = 40
11. The Central Limit Theorem says that the sampling distribution of the sample mean is
approximately normal if the sample size is large.
12. The correct answer is D:

With 95% confidence, the average points scored by all intramural basketball players is N
Use the formula for finding the confidence interval for a population when the standard
deviation is known:
𝜎
𝑥̅ ± 𝑀𝑂𝐸 = 𝑥̅ ± 𝑧 ( )
√𝑛
Where 𝑥̅ is sample mean, 𝜎 is the population standard deviation, 𝑛 is the sample size, and
𝑧 represents the appropriate 𝑧 value from the standard normal distribution for your desired
confidence level. The data has to come from a normal distribution, or 𝑛 has to be large
enough (a standard rule of thumb is at least 30 or so), for the central limit theorem to apply.
The 𝑧 value is 1.96 for a two-tailed confidence interval with a confidence level of 95%.
Next, substitute the values into the formula:
2.5
𝑀𝑂𝐸 = 1.96 ( ) ≈ 0.693
√50
The 95% confidence interval is 8 ± 0.7 (rounded to the nearest tenth), or 7.3 to 8.7 points
scored.
113
13. The 99% confidence interval for the average SAT math score for all students at the high
school is between 624.2 and 678.8.
deviation is known:
𝜎
𝑥̅ ± 𝑀𝑂𝐸 = 𝑥̅ ± 𝑧 ( )
√𝑛
Where x ̅ is sample mean, σ is the population standard deviation, n is the sample size, and
z represents the appropriate z value from the standard normal distribution for your desired
confidence level. The data has to come from a normal distribution, or n has to be large
enough (a standard rule of thumb is at least 30 or so), for the central limit theorem to apply.
The 𝑧-value for a two-tailed confidence interval with a confidence level of 99% is 2.58.
100
𝑀𝑂𝐸 = 2.58 ( ) = 25.8
√100
The confidence interval is 650 ± 25.8 (rounded to the nearest tenth), or 624.2 to 678.8.
14. The 99% confidence interval for the average weight of all apples from the ten trees is
between 6.5 and 7.5 ounces.
deviation is known:
𝜎
𝑥̅ ± 𝑀𝑂𝐸 = 𝑥̅ ± 𝑧 ( 𝑛)
√
Where x ̅ is sample mean, σ is the population standard deviation, n is the sample size, and
z represents the appropriate z value from the standard normal distribution for your desired
confidence level. The data has to come from a normal distribution, or n has to be large
enough (a standard rule of thumb is at least 30 or so), for the central limit theorem to
apply.
The 𝑧 −value for a two-tailed confidence interval with a confidence level of 99% is 2.58.
1.5
𝑀𝑂𝐸 = 2.58 ( ) ≈ 0.5473
√50
The confidence interval is 7 ± 0.5 (rounded to the nearest tenth), or 6.5 to 7.5 ounces.
15. Based on the question we know that 𝐸 = 1.5. Also at confidence level 95 % we get 𝑧 =
1.96.
𝑧𝛼 𝜎 2 1.96 × 8 2
𝑛=( 2 ) =( ) ≈ 109.3
𝐸 1.5
Then round to the next larger whole number. So, the value of 𝑛 is 110.
𝑧𝛼 𝜎 2
2 1.96×0.26 2
16. 𝑛 = ( ) =( ) ≈ 103.877
𝐸 0.05
Then round to the next larger whole number. So, the value of 𝑛 is 104.
114
M13.7.5 TEST OF HYPOTHESIS
9. (i) State the null and alternative hypotheses:
𝐻0 : 𝑝 ≤ 0.06
𝐻1 : 𝑝 > 0.06
(ii) Calculate the limit acceptance:
𝛼 = 0.01 ↔ 𝑧𝛼 = 2.33
Calculate the confidence interval for the proportion:
0.06∙0.94
(−∞, 0.06 + 2.33 ∙ √ ) = (−∞, 0.092)
300
21
(iii) Verify: 𝑝′ = = 0.07
300
(iv) The nule hypothesis, 𝐻0 , should be accepted with a significance level of 1%.
10. 1 − 𝛼 = 0.95 ↔ 𝑧𝛼 = 1.96

2
0.07 ∙ 0.93
0.01 = 1.96 ∙ √
𝑛
√𝑛 = 50 ↔ 𝑛 = 2500
We get 𝑛 ≥ 2501

𝐻0 : 𝜇 ≥ 800
𝐻1 : 𝜇 < 800
(ii) Calculate the limit of acceptance:
𝛼 = 0.01 ↔ 𝑧𝛼 = 2.33
Calculate the confidence interval:
120
(800 − 2.33 ∙ , ∞) = (760.46, ∞)
√50
(iii) Verify:
𝑥̅ = 750
(iv) Decide:
The nule hypothesis, 𝐻0 , cannot be accepted with a significance level of 1%.
12. In this example, there is really a difference in the population between recognition and
recall, but you did not find a significant difference in your sample. Failing to reject a false
null hypothesis is a Type II error.
13. Two-tailed tests look for an effect in either direction, so they compute two-tailed
probabilities. They are much more common than one-tailed tests in scientific research
because an outcome signifying that something other than chance is operating is usually
worth noting. Some people disagree with the use of one-tailed tests except in very specific
situations.
115
14. Because you are interested in the effect in either direction, you will use a two-tailed test.
Thus, the null hypothesis is that the mean of the seniors is equal to the mean of the
freshmen.
15. A significant result lets you conclude the direction of the effect. After a non-significant
result, the direction of the difference is uncertain.

𝐻0 : 𝜇 = 20 mg/100 ml
𝐻1 : 𝜇 ≠ 20 mg/100 ml
(ii) Calculate the limit of acceptance:
For a significance level of 𝛼 = 0.05, the corresponding critical value is: 𝑧𝛼 = 1.96.
2
Calculate the confidence interval for the mean:
4 4
(20 − 1.96 ∙ , 20 + 1.96 ∙ ) = (18.77 , 21.23)
√40 √40
(iii) Verify: The value of the mean of the sample is: 18.5
(iv) Decide:
The null hypothesis, 𝐻0 , cannot be accepted with a significance level of 5%
116
M13.8 DIFFERENTIATION
M13.8.1 DERIVATIVES OF FUNCTIONS
𝑑(𝑢𝑣) 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢
147. Let 𝑢 = (2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 ); 𝑣 = (2𝑥 + 5). By using = 𝑢 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑣 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
we get 𝑓 ′(𝑥 ) = 4(5 + 9𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 ) ↔ 𝑓 ′(1) = 68
148. Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 3 − 6𝑥; 𝑣 = 2 − 4𝑥 3 . By using = 𝑢 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑣 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
we get 𝑦 ′ = 6(−2 + 𝑥 2 + 16 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 5 ) = −24𝑥 + 96𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 − 12 5
5 1 1
1
149. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = √𝑥 (𝑥 2 − 8 + 𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 2 + 𝑥 −2
5 3 1 1 3
𝑓 ′(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 −2 − 𝑥 −2
2 2
150. Let 𝑢 = 𝑥; 𝑣 = sin 𝑥. By using 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑢 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑣 𝑑𝑥
′ 𝜋
we get 𝑓 ′(𝑥 ) = sin 𝑥 + 𝑥 cos 𝑥 ↔ 𝑓 ( )= 1+0=1
2
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
𝑑 𝑢 𝑣 −𝑢
151. Let 𝑢 = 2𝑥 3 ; 𝑣 = 4 − 𝑥. By using 𝑑𝑥 (𝑣 ) = 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑣2
24𝑥 2 −4𝑥 3
we get 𝑓 ′(𝑥 ) = (4−𝑥)2
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
152. Let 𝑢 = 4𝑥 2 ; 𝑣 = 𝑥 3 + 3. By using 𝑑𝑥 (𝑣 ) = 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑣2
−4𝑥 4 +24𝑥
we get 𝑓 ′(𝑥 ) = (𝑥 3 +3)2
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
153. Let 𝑢 = sin 𝑥 ; 𝑣 = 𝑥. By using 𝑑𝑥 (𝑣 ) = we get
𝑣2
𝑥 cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥
𝑦′ =
𝑥2
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
154. Let 𝑢 = 3𝑥 ; 𝑣 = 5 − tan 𝑥. By using 𝑑𝑥 (𝑣 ) = we get
𝑣2
15 − 3 tan 𝑥 + 3𝑥 sec2 𝑥 𝜋 3 3𝜋
𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = 2
↔ 𝑓′ ( ) = +
(5 − tan 𝑥 ) 4 4 32
155. By the general chain rule, we then have its derivative as

𝑑 1 1 2𝑥 cos(𝑥 2 )
(
𝑑𝑥 sin(𝑥 2 )
) = (− sin2(𝑥2 )) (cos(𝑥 2 )) (2𝑥 ) = − sin2(𝑥 2 )
156. This is a composition of two functions: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 1/𝑥. Clearly the
form of composition here is 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)). By the Chain Rule, we then have
117
1
𝑑 1 1 1 cos (𝑥 )
(sin ( )) = (cos ( ) ) (− 2 ) = −
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥2
157. ℎ(𝑥 ) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥 )) = 6(−2𝑥 + 6) + 4 = −12𝑥 + 36 + 4 = −12𝑥 + 40

′( )
ℎ 𝑥 = −12
158. ℎ(𝑥 ) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥 )) = (4𝑥 )2 = 16𝑥 2 ↔ ℎ′ (𝑥 ) = 32𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑(ln(2)+ln(𝑥)) 1 1
159. 𝑦 = ln(2𝑥) = ln(2) + ln(𝑥), now we get 𝑑𝑥 = = 0+𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑(2 ln 𝑥) 2
160. 𝑦 = ln(𝑥 2 ) = 2 ln 𝑥 ↔ =𝑥
𝑑𝑥
3
161. 𝑦 = ln(1 − 2𝑥 )3 ↔ 𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑒 ln(1−2𝑥) ↔ 𝑒 𝑦 = (1 − 2𝑥 )3
𝑦
𝑑 (𝑒 )
= 3(1 − 2𝑥 )2 (−2) = −6(1 − 2𝑥 )2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑒 𝑦 ( ) = −6(1 − 2𝑥 )2 ↔ = −6(1 − 2𝑥 )2 (𝑒 −𝑦 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 3 6(1 − 2𝑥 )2 6 6
= −6(1 − 2𝑥 )2 (𝑒 − ln(1−2𝑥) ) = − 3
=− =
𝑑𝑥 (1 − 2𝑥 ) 1 − 2𝑥 2𝑥 − 1
162. 𝑦 = ln[(sin 2𝑥) (√𝑥 2 + 1)] = ln(sin 2𝑥 ) + ln √𝑥 2 + 1 = ln(sin 2𝑥 ) +

1
ln(𝑥 2 + 1)
2
𝑑𝑦 2 cos(2𝑥) 1 2𝑥 2 cos(2𝑥) 𝑥 𝑥
= + = + = 2 cot(2𝑥) +
𝑑𝑥 sin(2𝑥) 2 (𝑥 2 + 1) sin(2𝑥) (𝑥 2 + 1) (𝑥 2 + 1)
163. Differentiating with respect to 𝑥 gives, 6𝑦 2 𝑦 ′ + 8𝑥 − 𝑦 ′ = 6𝑥 5

Finally, all we need to do is solve this for 𝑦′
6𝑥 5 − 8𝑥
𝑦 ′(6𝑦 2 − 1) = 6𝑥 5 − 8𝑥 ↔ 𝑦 ′ =
6𝑦 2 − 1
164. Given that 7𝑦 2 + sin(3𝑥) = 12 − 𝑦 4 . Differentiating with respect to 𝑥 gives:

14𝑦𝑦 ′ + 3 cos(3𝑥 ) = −4𝑦 3 𝑦 ′ ↔ 𝑦 ′ (4𝑦 3 + 14𝑦) = −3 cos(3𝑥 )
−3 cos(3𝑥)
𝑦′ =
4𝑦 3 + 14𝑦
𝑥
165. Given that = 1 ↔ 𝑥 = 𝑦 3 Differentiating with respect to 𝑥 gives 1 = 3𝑦 2 𝑦′
𝑦3
1 1 1 −2
𝑦′ = = = 𝑥 3
3𝑦 2 1 2 3
3 (𝑥 3 )
118
2
1 1
166. Based on answer no.19 above, we get 𝑦 ′(1,1) = 3 (1)−3 = 3
M13.8.2 APPLICATION OF DIFFERENTIATION

𝑑(2𝑥 3 −5𝑥 2 −4𝑥+2)
1. To get turning point, = 6𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 − 4 = 0
𝑑𝑥
3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 2 = (3𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 2) = 0
1
𝑥 = − ;𝑥 = 2
3
Now, we substitute:
1 2 5 4 73
𝑓 (− ) = − − + +2=
3 27 9 3 27
( )
𝑓 2 = 16 − 20 − 8 + 2 = −10
1 73
The turning points are at (− 3 , 27) ; (2, −10)
𝑑(2𝑥 2 −4𝑥+6)
2. To get turning point , = 4𝑥 − 4 = 0; 𝑥 = 1
𝑑𝑥
Then we substitute 𝑓(1) = 2(1)2 − 4(1) + 6 = 4
The turning point is (1, 4)
𝑑𝑦 𝑑(𝑥 2 −4𝑥+3)
3. To get the turning point,𝑑𝑥 = = 2𝑥 − 4 = 0 then we get 𝑥 = 2.
𝑑𝑥
𝑓 (2) = 22 − 4(2) + 3 = −1, we get the turning point (2, −1)
𝑑(2𝑥−4)
Then use the second derivative = 2 > 0 so, the turning point is minimum .
𝑑𝑥
𝑑(𝑥 3 −4𝑥 2−3𝑥+5) 1

4. = 3𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 − 3 = (3𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 3) we get 𝑥 = − 3 ; 𝑥 = 3
𝑑𝑥
Then the second derivative gives: 𝑓"(𝑥) = 6𝑥 − 8. 𝑓"(−1/3) = −10 < 0 (maximum)
𝑓"(3) = 10 > 0 (minimum). Sso the minimum value is (3, 𝑓 (3)) = (3, −13)
5. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) =– 2𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 – 10𝑥 + 5
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −6𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 10
𝑓"(𝑥) = −12𝑥 + 12 = 0 ↔ 𝑥 = 1
we get concave upward at (−∞, 1) and concave downward at (1, ∞)
6. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 4 − 12𝑥 2
119
𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 3 − 24𝑥
𝑓 ′′ (𝑥 ) = 12𝑥 2 − 24 = 0 ↔ 𝑥 = √2 ; 𝑥 = −√2
The function concave downward at (−√2, √2)
7. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 144𝑥 + 1
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 144
𝑓"(𝑥) = 6𝑥 + 6 ↔ 𝑥 = −1
Now we know it was concave down from −∞ to −1
8. Based on question numb 7, we have

𝑓"(𝑥) = 6𝑥 + 6 ↔ 𝑥 = −1
We know it was concave up from −1 to ∞
9. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) =– 2𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 – 10𝑥 + 5
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −6𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 10
𝑓"(𝑥) = −12𝑥 + 12 = 0 ↔ 𝑥 = 1
Then 𝑓(1) = −1. The inflection point is (1, −1)
10. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 4 − 12𝑥 2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 3 − 24𝑥
𝑓 ′′ (𝑥 ) = 12𝑥 2 − 24 = 0 ↔ 𝑥 = √2 ; 𝑥 = −√2
𝑓(√2) = −20; 𝑓(−√2) = −20
So, the inflection points are (−√2, −20) ; (√2, −20)
11. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 4 − 𝑥 3 + 2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = 16𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2
1
𝑓"(𝑥) = 48𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 = 6𝑥(8𝑥 − 1) we get 𝑥 = 0 or 𝑥 = 8
Now we substitute 𝑓(0) = 2, so the one of inflection points is (0,2)
12. 𝑔(𝑥) shows that 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥 + 3) which means that the graph of g is the graph of f shifted
horizontally 3 units to the left. But if the graph of a function is shifted 3 units to the left all
points, including any inflection point, on the graph of f are shifted 3 units to the left so that
the inflection point of g is at (1 − 3, 3) = (−2, 3).
13. Note that the graph is through (1, 0), (2, 0), (−2, 0) so we can get.
120
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑎(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 2) also the graph through (0, −4) so we get:
𝑓 (0) = −4 = 𝑎(−1)(−2)(2) = 4𝑎 the value of 𝑎 = −1
So, the question of the cubic graph is
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = −(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 2) = (𝑥 − 1)(2 − 𝑥)(𝑥 + 2)
14. We can see the turning points located on the peaks and valleys of the graph. They are
(2, 0) and (0, 4)
15. A 𝑦 −intercept or vertical intercept is a point where the graph of a function or relation
intersects the 𝑦-axis of the coordinate system. Based on the question, we get the 𝑦-
intercept is (0,4)
16. To find the maximum value, first we have:

𝑦 = 5𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 ↔ 𝑦 ′ = 15𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 3 = 0 ↔ (5𝑥 + 3)(3𝑥 − 1)
3 1
𝑥=− ; 𝑥=
5 3
The, by the second derivative, we get 𝑦" = 30𝑥 + 4
𝑦"(−3/5) = −14 < 0 (maximum)
𝑦"(1/3) = 14 > 0 (minimum)
3 3 3 2 3 36
So, the maximum value is 𝑦 = 5 (− 5) + 2 (− 5) − 3 (− 5) = 25
17. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 5 ↔ 𝑓 ′(𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 12

Now we get 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 = 0 ↔ (𝑥 − 2)2 = 0. We have 𝑥 = 2 only. Then we will
check by using second derivative
𝑓(x)=6x-12 ↔ f(2) = 6(2) − 12 = 0 It is a saddle point, the slope does become
zero, but it is neither a maximum or minimum
18. Given that 𝑟(𝑡). The area of a circle with radius 𝑟 is: 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2
Differentiate time, and then substitute known values:
𝑑𝐴 𝑑 𝑑𝑟
= (𝜋𝑟 2 ) = 2𝜋𝑟 ( ) = 2𝜋(4)(0.5) = 4𝜋 𝑚2 /𝑠
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
19. Here's the sketch of the situation. The variables 𝑥 and 𝑦 vary as time varies.
121
Now the relation between 𝑥 and 𝑦 is:
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 202
Differentiating throughout with respect to time (since the value of 𝑥 and 𝑦 depends on 𝑡):
𝑑 2 𝑑
(𝑥 ) + (𝑦 2 ) = 0
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
2𝑥 𝑑𝑡 + 2𝑦 𝑑𝑡 = 0, then divide throughout by 2:
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑑𝑡 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑡 = 0, solving for 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
= − 𝑥 𝑑𝑡 , now we know = −4
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥
and we need to know the horizontal velocity 𝑑𝑡 at the point when 𝑥 = 16
The only other unknown is 𝑦, which we obtain using Pythagoras' Theorem:
𝑦 = √202 − 162 = √144 = 12, so we get:
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
16 + (12)(−4) = 0 ↔ = 3 𝑚/𝑠
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
20. Given that 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑡 4 − 2𝑡 2 − 4

𝑑𝑥
𝑣 (𝑡 ) = = 4𝑡 3 − 4𝑡 ↔ 𝑣(1) = 4(1)3 − 4(1) = 0
𝑑𝑡
122
M13.9 INTEGRATION
M13.9.1 INTEGRATION
167. ∫(tan 𝑥 + sec 𝑥 )2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ tan2 𝑥 + sec2 𝑥 + 2 tan 𝑥 sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= ∫ tan2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ sec2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 2 ∫ tan 𝑥 sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= ∫ sec2 𝑥 − 1 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ sec2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 2 ∫ tan 𝑥 sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= tan 𝑥 − 𝑥 + tan 𝑥 + 2 sec 𝑥 + 𝐶
= 2 tan 𝑥 + 2 sec 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝐶
168. 𝑢 = 9 + 𝑥 2 ↔ 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ↔ 2𝑑𝑢 = 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥
When 𝑥 = 0 ↔ 𝑢 = 9 + 02 = 9, when 𝑥 = 4 ↔ 𝑢 = 9 + 42 = 25
25 2 1
Now we have ∫9 𝑑𝑢 = 2 (2𝑢2 ) 𝑢=25
𝑢=9
= 4(5 − 3) = 8
√𝑢
(sec 𝑥+tan 𝑥) sec2 𝑥+sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 1

169. ∫ sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ sec 𝑥 (sec 𝑥+tan 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (sec 𝑥+tan 𝑥)
= ∫ (sec 𝑥+tan 𝑥) 𝑑(sec 𝑥 +
tan 𝑥 )
= ln|sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥 | + 𝐶
𝑑𝑢
170. Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 5 ↔ 𝑑𝑢 = (2𝑥 + 2) 𝑑𝑥 ↔ = (𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥
2
1
1 1 1
2
∫ 𝑑𝑢 = 2 (2𝑢 ) + 𝐶, so we get the answer is √𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 5 + 𝐶
2
√𝑢
171. Let 𝑢 = 2 − 𝑥 ↔ 𝑑𝑢 = −𝑑𝑥

When 𝑥 = 0 ↔ 𝑢 = √2 − 0 = √2, when 𝑥 = 2 ↔ 𝑢 = √2 − 2 = 0
0 1 2 1 1
Now we have − ∫2 𝑑𝑢 = ∫0 𝑑𝑢 = (2𝑢2 ) 𝑢=2
𝑢=0
= 2√2
√𝑢 √𝑢
172. Let 𝑢 = 1 − 𝑥; 𝑑𝑢 = −𝑑𝑥

3 ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 (−𝑑𝑢) = −3𝑒 𝑢 + 𝐶 = −3𝑒 1−𝑥 + 𝐶
1
173. Let 𝑢 = 1 + ln 𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥, so we get:
𝑥
∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑒 1+ln 𝑥 + 𝐶
1
174. Let 𝑢 = 1 + ln 𝑥 ; 𝑢 − 1 = ln 𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥, so we get:
𝑥
1 3 1 2 5 2 3
∫ 𝑢2 (𝑢 − 1) 𝑑𝑢 = ∫ 𝑢2 − 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑢2 − 𝑢2 + 𝐶
5 3
123
5 3
2 2
The answer is 5 (1 + ln 𝑥)2 − 3 (1 + ln 𝑥)2 + 𝐶
175. Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 ↔ 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥 and 𝑑𝑣 = sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ↔ 𝑣 = − cos 𝑥, by using partial

integration method:
∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑢
= ∫ 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑥 cos 𝑥 − ∫(− cos 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

= −𝑥 cos 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 + 𝐶
176. Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 ↔ 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥 and 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ↔ 𝑣 = −𝑒 −𝑥 , by using partial

integration method:
= ∫ 𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 − ∫ −𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= −𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝐶 = (−𝑥 − 1)𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝐶
1
177. Let 𝑢 = sin(ln 𝑥 ) ↔ 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑥 cos(ln 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 and 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥 ↔ 𝑣 = 𝑥 , by using
partial integration method:
1
= ∫ sin(ln 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 sin(ln 𝑥 ) − ∫ 𝑥 cos(ln 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
= ∫ sin(ln 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 sin(ln 𝑥 ) − ∫ cos(ln 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
1
Let 𝑝 = cos(ln 𝑥 ) ↔ 𝑑𝑝 = − 𝑥 sin(ln 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 and 𝑑𝑞 = 𝑑𝑥 ↔ 𝑞 = 𝑥 , by using partial
integration method:
∫ 𝑝 𝑑𝑞 = 𝑝𝑞 − ∫ 𝑞 𝑑𝑝
1
∫ sin(ln 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 sin(ln 𝑥 ) − [𝑥 cos(ln 𝑥 ) − ∫ 𝑥 (− ) sin(ln 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥]
𝑥
∫ sin(ln 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 sin(ln 𝑥 ) − [𝑥 cos(ln 𝑥 ) + ∫ sin(ln 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥]
2 ∫ sin(ln 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 sin(ln 𝑥 ) − 𝑥 cos(ln 𝑥 ) + 𝑐

𝑥
∫ sin(ln 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 = (sin(ln 𝑥 ) − cos(ln 𝑥 )) + 𝐶
2
124
2𝑥 2
178. Let 𝑢 = ln 𝑥 2 ↔ 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑥2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 and 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥 ↔ 𝑣 = 𝑥 , by using partial
integration method:
2
∫ ln 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 ln 𝑥 2 − ∫ 𝑥 ( ) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 ln 𝑥 2 − ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 ln 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥
𝑥
Then we substitute 𝑥 from 1 to 𝑒:
𝑒 ln 𝑒 2 − 2𝑒 − (1 ln 12 − 2(1)) = 2𝑒 − 2𝑒 + 2 = 2
1 1
179. Let 𝑢 = ln 𝑧 ↔ 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑧 and 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑧 2 𝑑𝑧 ↔ 𝑣 = 3 𝑧 3 , by using partial
𝑧
integration method:
𝑧3 𝑧3 1 𝑧3 1
∫ 𝑧 2 ln 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 = ln 𝑧 − ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑧 = ln 𝑧 − 𝑧 3 + 𝐶
3 3 𝑧 3 9
1
180. Let 𝑢 = ln 𝑥 ↔ 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 and 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥 ↔ 𝑣 = 𝑥 , by using partial integration
method:
1
∫ ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 ln 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑥 ( ) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 ln 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑥
181. Let 𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑥 ↔ 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 and 𝑑𝑣 = sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ↔ 𝑣 = − cos 𝑥 , by using partial

integration method:
∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥 − ∫ −𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Let 𝑝 = 𝑒 𝑥 ↔ 𝑑𝑝 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 and 𝑑𝑞 = cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ↔ 𝑞 = sin 𝑥 , by using partial
integration method:
∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑥
𝑒𝑥
∫ 𝑒 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = (sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥) + 𝐶
2
3
1 2
182. Let 𝑢 = ln √𝑥 ↔ 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 and 𝑑𝑣 = √𝑥𝑑𝑥 ↔ 𝑣 = 3 𝑥 2 , by using partial
integration method:
125
3 3 3 1
2 2 1 2 1
Now, we have 3 𝑥 2 ln √𝑥 − ∫ 3 𝑥 2 (2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 3 𝑥 2 ln √𝑥 − 3 ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
3 3
2 2
𝑥 2 ln √𝑥 − 9 𝑥 2 + 𝐶
3
1
183. Note that sin 𝑎𝑥 cos 𝑏𝑥 = 2 (sin(𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 + sin(𝑎 − 𝑏) 𝑥)
1 1 1
Now, we get ∫ sin 5𝑥 + sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = (− cos 5𝑥 − cos 𝑥) + 𝐶
2 2 5
1 1
= − cos 5𝑥 − cos 𝑥 + 𝐶
10 2
184. ∫ sin3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ sin2 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ sin2 𝑥 (sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ) = ∫(1 −

cos 2 𝑥 )(−1)𝑑(cos 𝑥)
1
∫ cos 2 𝑥 − 1 𝑑(cos 𝑥) = cos 3 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 + 𝐶
3
185. ∫ sin2 𝑥 cos 3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ sin2 𝑥 cos 2 𝑥 (cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥) = ∫ sin2 𝑥 (1 − sin2 𝑥 )𝑑(sin 𝑥)
1 1
∫ sin2 𝑥 − sin4 𝑥 𝑑(sin 𝑥) = sin3 𝑥 − sin5 𝑥 + 𝐶
3 5
1
186. Note that sin2 𝑥 = 2 (1 − cos 2𝑥)
2
1 1
Now, we have ∫ sin4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (2 (1 − cos 2𝑥 )) 𝑑𝑥 = 4 ∫ 1 − 2 cos 2𝑥 + cos 2 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 1
Note that cos 2 𝑥 = (1 + cos 2𝑥 ) ↔ cos 2 2𝑥 = (1 + cos 4𝑥)
2 2
1 2 1 1
Now, we have 4 ∫ 1 − 2 cos 2𝑥 + cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 4 ∫ 1 − 2 cos 2𝑥 + 2 (1 + cos 4𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑥 1 3𝑥 1 1
= (𝑥 − sin 2𝑥 + + sin 4𝑥) + 𝐶 = − sin 2𝑥 + sin 4𝑥 + 𝐶
4 2 8 8 4 32
M13.9.2 APPLICATIONS OF INTEGRATION

21. We first graph the two equations and examine the region enclosed between the curves.
126
Based on the graph above, we can calculate the area using integration:
2 2
2 𝑥=2
∫ −𝑥 2 + 6 − (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ −2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 4 𝑑𝑥 = − 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥
3 𝑥 = −1
−1 −1
16 2
(− + 4 + 8) − ( + 1 − 4) = 9
3 3
22. We first graph the two equations and examine the region enclosed between the curves.
Based on the graph above, we can calculate the total using integration:
Total area = Area 1 + Area 2
0 2
∫ √𝑥 + 2 − 0 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ √𝑥 + 2 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
−2 0
1 3
2
Note that ∫ √𝑥 + 2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(𝑥 + 2)2 𝑑 (𝑥 + 2) = 3 (𝑥 + 2)2
So, the equation above becomes:
2 3 𝑥 =0 2 3 1 𝑥=2
= (𝑥 + 2)2 + (𝑥 + 2)2 − 𝑥 2
3 𝑥 = −2 3 2 𝑥=0
4√2 16 4√2 10
= −0+ −2− +0=
3 3 3 3
23. We first graph 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥) and 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥) from 0 to 2𝜋
127
1
3
2
We first need to find the 𝑥 coordinates of the points of intersection by solving the system
of equations
𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥) and 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥)
which gives
𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥)
Which may be written as
𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑥) = 1
The solutions between 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑥 = 2𝜋 to the above equation are
𝑥 = 𝜋/4 and 5𝜋/4 as shown in the graph.
Based on the graph above note that Area 2 = Area 1 + Area 3.
So we just calculate 2 × Area 2
5𝜋
4 5𝜋
𝑥= 4
2 ∫ sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2(− cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥) 𝜋
𝜋 𝑥=4
4
√2 √2 √2 √2
= 2 (( + ) − (− − )) = 2(2√2) = 4√2
2 2 2 2
24. First, we have to know intersection points between two curves:

𝑦1 = 𝑦2
1
−𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 = 𝑥
2
2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 = 0
5
𝑥 (2𝑥 − 5) = 0 , we get 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑥 = 2
128
Based on the graph, the ratio of the area of region A to the area of region B can be
written:
5
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝐴 ∫02 −𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 0.5𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= 5
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝐵 3
∫0 −𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫02 −𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 0.5𝑥 𝑑𝑥
5
1 5 𝑥= 125
(− 3 𝑥 3 + 4 𝑥 2 ) 𝑥=02 125
48 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
5= 27 125
=
91
1 3 1 5 𝑥=
(− 3 𝑥 3 + 2 𝑥 2 ) 𝑥=3
𝑥=0
− (− 3 𝑥 3 + 4 𝑥 2 ) 𝑥=02 −9 + 2 + 48
2 2 1
25. ∫0 𝑥 3 − (−1)𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝑥 3 + 1𝑑𝑥 = 4 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 𝑥=2
𝑥=0
= 6 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
26. First, we have to find the intersection points.

𝑦1 = 𝑦2
(𝑥 − 1)2 + 3 = 7
(𝑥 − 1)2 = 4, then we get 𝑥 − 1 = 2 ↔ 𝑥 = 3 and 𝑥 − 1 = −2 ↔ 𝑥 = −1
Then we calculate the area:
3 3 3
∫ 7 − ((𝑥 − 1)2 + 3)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 4 − (𝑥 − 1)2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ −𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3 𝑑𝑥

−1 −1 −1
1 𝑥=3 1 32
= − 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 = (−9 + 9 + 9) − ( + 1 − 3) = 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
3 𝑥 = −1 3 3
27. Given that 𝑦 = 𝑥 (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥

The total area can be calculated:
1 2
∫ 𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ −(𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
3 2
0 1
1 𝑥=1 1 𝑥=2
= ( 𝑥 4 − 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2) + (− 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 )
4 𝑥=0 4 𝑥=1
1 1 1
( − 0) + (0 − (− )) = 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
4 4 2
28. If we set 𝑦 = 0 we see that 𝑥(𝑥 − 3) = 0, and so 𝑥 = 0 or 𝑥 = 3. Thus the curve cuts
the 𝑥-axis at 𝑥 = 0 and at 𝑥 = 3. The 𝑥 2 term is positive, and so we know that the curve
forms a 𝑈-shape as shown below
129
From the graph, we can see that we need to calculate the area 𝐴 between the curve, the 𝑥-
axis and the ordinates 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑥 = 3 first, and that we should expect this integral to give
a negative answer because the area is wholly below the 𝑥-axis:
3 3
1 3 3 2𝑥 = 3 27 9
𝐴 = ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 − 𝑥 =9− =−
3 2 𝑥=0 2 2
0 0
Next, we need to calculate the area B between the curve, the 𝑥-axis, and the ordinates 𝑥 =
3 and 𝑥 = 5:
5 5
1 3 3 2 𝑥 = 5 125 75 27 26
𝐵 = ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 − 𝑥 = − −9+ =
3 2 𝑥=3 3 2 2 3
3 3
9 26 79 1
The total area is + = = 13 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
2 3 6 6
29. If we set 𝑦 = 0 we obtain the quadratic equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 4 = 0, and for this quadratic
𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = 1 − 16 = −15 so that there are no real roots. This means that the curve does
not cross the 𝑥-axis. Furthermore, the coefficient of 𝑥 2 is positive and so the curve is 𝑈-
shaped. When 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 4 and so the curve looks like this.
The required area 𝐴 is entirely above the 𝑥-axis and so we can simply evaluate the integral
between the required limits:
130
3 3
1 3 1 2 𝑥=3
𝐴 = ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 4 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 4𝑥
3 2 𝑥=1
1 1
9 1 1 62 2
= (9 + + 12) − ( + + 4) = = 20 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
2 3 2 3 3
30. Given that the graph is shown below
First, we have to find intersection point 𝑃.

𝑦1 = 𝑦2
𝑥 (3 − 𝑥 ) = 𝑥
3𝑥 − 𝑥 2 = 𝑥
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 = 𝑥 (𝑥 − 2) = 0, then we get 𝑥 = 0; 𝑥 = 2
Then we calculate the area by using integration:
2 2
1 𝑥=2 8 4
∫ 3𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = ∫ −𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 = − + 4 = 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
3 𝑥=0 3 3
0 0
31. First of all, just what do we mean by “area enclosed by”. This means that the region we’re
interested in must have one of the two curves on every boundary of the region. So, here is
a graph of the two functions with the enclosed region shaded.
131
Then find the intersection points:
𝑦1 = 𝑦2
√𝑥 = 𝑥 2 ↔ 𝑥 = 1 ; 𝑥 = 0
1 3
2 1 2 1 1
Then we calculate integration: ∫0 √𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 3 𝑥=1
𝑥=0
= − = 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
3 3 3 3 3
32. First, we have to find the intersection points:
𝑦1 = 𝑦2
2𝑥 2 + 10 = 4𝑥 + 16
2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 6 = 0 ↔ 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3 = 0
(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 1) = 0 ↔ 𝑥 = 3 ; 𝑥 = −1
Then we calculate the area by using integration:
3 3
2 𝑥=3
∫(4𝑥 + 16) − (2𝑥 + 10) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ −2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 6 𝑑𝑥 = − 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 6𝑥
2
3 𝑥 = −1
−1 −1
2 64
= (−18 + 18 + 18) − ( + 2 − 6) = 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
3 3
33. First let’s get a graph of the region.
So, we have another situation where we will need to do two integrals to get the area. The
intersection point will be where.
sin 𝑥 = cos 𝑥
𝜋
in the interval. We’ll leave it to you to verify that this will be 𝑥 = 4 . The area is then,
132
𝜋 𝜋
4 2
𝐴 = ∫ cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

0 𝜋
4
𝜋 𝜋
𝑥=4 𝑥=2
= (sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥) + (− cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 ) 𝜋
𝑥=0 𝑥=4
√2 √2 √2 √2
= ( + ) − (0 + 1) + (0 − 1) − (− − ) = 2√2 − 2 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
2 2 2 2
34. First, we will need intersection points.

−𝑦 2 + 10 = (𝑦 − 2)2
−𝑦 2 + 10 = 𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 + 4
2𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 − 6 = 0 ↔ 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 − 3 = 0 ↔ (𝑦 − 3)(𝑦 + 1) = 0
The intersection points are 𝑦 = −1 and 𝑦 = 3. Here is a sketch of the region.
3 3
𝐴 = ∫ −𝑦 + 10 − (𝑦 − 2 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ −2𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 + 6 𝑑𝑦
2 )2
−1 −1
2 𝑦=3 2 64
= − 𝑦 3 + 2𝑦 2 + 6𝑦 = (−18 + 18 + 18) − ( + 2 − 6) = 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
3 𝑦 = −1 3 3
35. To get the velocity function we must integrate and use initial conditions to find the
constant of integration.
From the functional form of the acceleration we can solve v(t):
1 1
𝑣(𝑡) = ∫ 𝑎(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 + 𝐶1 = ∫ − 𝑡𝑑𝑡 + 𝐶1 = − 𝑡 2 + 𝐶1.
4 8
𝑚 𝑚
𝐴𝑡 𝑡 = 0 𝑤𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑣(0) = 5 = 0 + 𝐶1, 𝑠𝑜 𝐶1 = 5
𝑠 𝑠
1 2𝑚
𝑣 (𝑡 ) = 5 − 𝑡
8 𝑠
1 3
2
36. 𝑣(𝑡) = ∫ 𝑎(𝑡) 𝑑𝑡 + 𝐶1 = ∫ 𝐴 − 𝐵𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 + 𝐶1 = 𝐴𝑡 − 𝐵𝑡 2 + 𝐶1
3
133
𝑣(0) = 0 = 𝐶1
3
2
So, 𝑣 (𝑡0 ) = 𝐴𝑡0 − 3 𝐵𝑡02
37. 𝑎(𝑡) = 5 − 10𝑡 ↔ 𝑣(𝑡) = ∫ 𝑎(𝑡) 𝑑𝑡 + 𝐶1 = ∫ 5 − 10𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + 𝐶1 . Since 𝑣 (0) = 0 we have
𝐶1 = 0. So, 𝑣(𝑡) = 5𝑡 − 5𝑡 2
10 3
38. 𝑥 (𝑡) = ∫ 𝑣(𝑡) 𝑑𝑡 + 𝐶1 = ∫ 10𝑡 − 10𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 + 𝐶1 = 5𝑡 2 − 𝑡 + 𝐶1 . Since 𝑥 (0) = 0, We
3
10 3
have 𝐶1 = 0 and 𝑥 (𝑡) = 5𝑡 2 − 𝑡
3
39. 𝑎(𝑡) = 12 − 4𝑡 ↔ 𝑣(𝑡) = ∫ 12 − 4𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + 𝐶1 = 12𝑡 − 2𝑡 2 + 𝐶1 . Since 𝑣(0) = 0 we

have 𝐶1 = 0. So 𝑣 (𝑡) = 12𝑡 − 2𝑡 2 = 2𝑡(6 − 𝑡)
The velocity zero when 𝑡 = 0 and 𝑡 = 6 𝑠
40. Acceleration is the derivative of velocity, so velocity is the anti derivative of acceleration.
Given that 𝑣(0) = 2. Then 𝑣 (𝑡) = ∫ 𝑎(𝑡) 𝑑𝑡 + 𝑣(0) = ∫ 6𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + 2 = 3𝑡 2 + 2. Then, to
get the distance, we have 𝑥 (𝑡) = ∫ 𝑣(𝑡) 𝑑𝑡 + 𝑥 (0) = ∫ 3𝑡 2 + 2 𝑑𝑡 + 1 = 𝑡 3 + 2𝑡 + 1
134

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Limits,

Algebra Probability &

MATHCA Official mathcaofficial.id 0813-8907-2323

M13.1 Complex Numbers (Q) ………………………………………………......……2

M13.2 Vectors (Q) ……………………..…………………………………..…………16

M13.3 Functions (Q) …………..…………………………………………………..…22

M13.4 Trigonometry (Q) ………………………….………………………………....30

M13.5 Limits, Continuity, and Differentiability (Q) …………………….……….….39

M13.6 Algebra (Q) ……………….…………………………………………………..44

M13.7 Probability and Inferential Statistics (Q) ………………………...………....52

M13.8 Differentiation (Q) ……………………………………………………….…...61

M13.9 Integration (Q) …………………………………………………………..…....69

M13.1 Complex Numbers (A) ………………………………………………......…..78

M13.2 Vectors (A) ……………………..…………………………………………..…85

M13.3 Functions (A) …………..…………………………………………………..…88

M13.4 Trigonometry (A) ………………………….……………………………..…..93

M13.5 Limits, Continuity, and Differentiability (A) ……………………………..…98

M13.6 Algebra (A) ……………….……………………………………………….…101

M13.7 Probability and Inferential Statistics (A) ………………………...………..108

M13.8 Differentiation (A) …………………………………………………………...117

M13.9 Integration (A) ……………………………………………………………....123

2. Find the roots of 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 5 = 0

6. Solve this equation 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑖 = 8𝑖 2 − 6𝑖

7. Given that the equation 3𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 2𝑎𝑖 − 𝑏𝑖 = 9 − 𝑖. The value of 𝑎 + 𝑏 is…

8. Find the value of 𝑎 and 𝑏 of (3 − 2𝑖 )(𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 ) = 18 + 𝑖

M13.1.2 MANIPULATION OF COMPLEX NUMBERS

2. Write the answer in standard form: (1 + 4𝑖 ) − (−16 + 9𝑖)

3. Simplify (−3 − 9𝑖)(1 + 10𝑖)

4. Simplify (2 + 7𝑖)(8 + 3𝑖)

5. Solve the multiplication of (4 − 5𝑖)(12 + 11𝑖)

M13.1.3 GEOMETRICAL REPRESENTATION AND PROPERTIES

2. Represent the polar equation:

3. Represent into the complex number 𝑧 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 the argand diagram below:

Which statement is true?

5. Find the argument 𝑡 based on the graph below:

6. Find the modulus of 𝑧 = 3 − 2𝑖

7. Find the argument of 𝑧 = 8 − 4𝑖

8. Convert 𝑧 = 6 + 6𝑖 into polar form.

M13.1.4 POWERS AND ROOTS OF COMPLEX NUMBERS

3. If 𝑧 3 = 1, one of the values of 𝑧 is…

4. Find all complex number 𝑧 such that 𝑧 2 = −1 + 2√6𝑖

5. One of the roots of the equation 𝑧 4 + 𝑧 3 + 2𝑧 2 + 4𝑧 − 8 = 0 is…

6. Given that one of the roots of equation … is 1 + 𝑖.

M13.1.5 CURVES AND REGIONS

2. Which of the following graphs represents the expression −1 + 4𝑖?

8. A complex number 𝑧 satisfies |𝑧 − 2 + 3𝑖 | = 2. Write into circle equation.

11. Given that 𝑝⃑ = (23), 𝑞⃑ = (𝑎𝑏); if 𝑟⃑ = 𝑝⃑ + 𝑞⃑ = (55). The value of 𝑎 + 𝑏 = ⋯

M13.2.2 NORM OF A VECTOR AND UNIT VECTORS

M13.2.3 DOT PRODUCT AND ITS APPLICATIONS

⃑⃑ and 𝑣⃑ are unit vectors that form angle 45°. Determine (𝑢

M13.2.4 EQUATION OF LINES

4. Convert the parametric equation below into symmetric equation:

M13.2.5 RATIO FORMULA

14. Given that 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 – 5 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 – 1 . Find (𝑓 𝑜 𝑔)(𝑥 ).

15. Given that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 – 1 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 – 7. Find (𝑔 𝑜 𝑓)(3).

17. Given that (𝑓 𝑜 𝑔)(𝑥) = 6𝑥 – 3 and 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 5. Find 𝑔(𝑥 ).

18. If (𝑓 𝑜 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 – 4 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 3, then the value of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = ⋯

19. Given that 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 8. Find the value of 𝑓(3).

20. If 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 6 and 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 + 2. Find 𝑓(𝑥 ) + 𝑔(𝑥).