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    Cve 172006 PDF

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    Ali Farooq
    This document contains an assignment submitted by Zain Ul Hassan, a civil engineering student, to his professor Engr. Sami Ullah. It discusses different forms of precipitation such as rain, snow, drizzle, glaze, sleet and hail. It also lists factors that affect runoff. The document contains two numerical problems related to water budgets and runoff from catchments. It provides calculations to determine the water surface elevation of a lake at the end of a month and the ratio of runoff to precipitation for a small catchment that received rainfall.

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    Cve 172006 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Ali Farooq
    29 views4 pages
    This document contains an assignment submitted by Zain Ul Hassan, a civil engineering student, to his professor Engr. Sami Ullah. It discusses different forms of precipitation such as rain, snow, drizzle, glaze, sleet and hail. It also lists factors that affect runoff. The document contains two numerical problems related to water budgets and runoff from catchments. It provides calculations to determine the water surface elevation of a lake at the end of a month and the ratio of runoff to precipitation for a small catchment that received rainfall.

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    CVE 172006 (1).pdf

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    This document contains an assignment submitted by Zain Ul Hassan, a civil engineering student, to his professor Engr. Sami Ullah. It discusses different forms of precipitation such as rain, snow, drizzle, glaze, sleet and hail. It also lists factors that affect runoff. The document contains two numerical problems related to water budgets and runoff from catchments. It provides calculations to determine the water surface elevation of a lake at the end of a month and the ratio of runoff to precipitation for a small catchment that received rainfall.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    29 views4 pages

    Cve 172006 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Ali Farooq
    This document contains an assignment submitted by Zain Ul Hassan, a civil engineering student, to his professor Engr. Sami Ullah. It discusses different forms of precipitation such as rain, snow, drizzle, glaze, sleet and hail. It also lists factors that affect runoff. The document contains two numerical problems related to water budgets and runoff from catchments. It provides calculations to determine the water surface elevation of a lake at the end of a month and the ratio of runoff to precipitation for a small catchment that received rainfall.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 4

    Civil Engineering Department

    Engineering Hydrology
    Assignment # 1
    Submitted to:
    Engr. Sami Ullah
    Submitted by:
    ZAIN UL HASSAN
    Registration No:
    CVE172006
    Semester:
    6th
    Date:
    1stApril ,2020
    Forms of precipitation

    Rain:
    It is the principle form of precipitation in India. The term rainfall is used to describe precipitations in the
    form of water drops of sizes larger than 0.5mm. The max. size of raindrop is about 6mm. Any drop larger
    in size then this tends to break up into drops of smaller sizes during its fall from the clouds. On the basis
    of its intensity, rainfall is classified as:
    Type Intensity

    Light rain trace to 2.5mm/h

    Moderate rain 2.5mm/h to 7.5mm/h

    Heavy rain >7.5mm/h

    Snow:
    Snow is another important form of precipitation. Snow consist of ice crystals which usually combine to
    form flakes. When fresh, snow has an initial density varying from 0.06 to 0.15g/cm3 and it is usual to
    assume and average density of 0.1g/cm3. In India, snow occurs only in the Himalayan region.

    Drizzle:
    A fine sprinkle of numerous water droplets of size less than 0.5mm and intensity less then 1mm/h is
    known as drizzle.

    Glaze:
    When rain or drizzle comes in contact with cold ground at around 0ͦC, the water drops freeze to from an
    ice coating called glaze or freezing rain.

    Sleet:
    It is frozen raindrop of transparent grains which forms when rain falls through air at sub-freezing temp. In
    Britain, sleets denoted precipitation of snow and rain simultaneously.

    Hale:
    It is a showery precipitation in the form of irregular pallets or lumps of ice of size more then 8mm. Hales
    occur in violent thunderstorm in which vertical currents are very strong.

    Factor affecting runoff


    ● Intensity of rainfall.
    ● Soil Characteristics.
    ● Topography.
    ● Shape and Size of catchment.
    ● Weather Condition.
    Numerical Problems

    1- A lack had a water surface elevation of 45m above datum at the beginning of a certain
    month. In that month the lack received an average inflow of 6m3/s from surface runoff
    sources. In the same period the outflow from the had an average value of 6.5m3/s. further, in
    that month, the lack received a rainfall of 45mm and the evaporation from the lack surface
    was estimated as 6.10cm. write the water budget equation for the lack and calculate the water
    surface elevation of the lack at the end of the month. The average lack surface area can be
    taken as 5000ha. Assume that there is no contribution to or from the ground water storage.
    Solution:
    In a time Δt the water budget for the lack can be written as:
    Input volume – output volume = change in storage of the lack.
    (I Δt +PA) – (Q Δt + EA) = ΔS
    Where I = average rate of inflow of water into the lack, Q = average rate of outflow from the lack,
    P = precipitation, E = evaporation, A = average surface area of the lack and ΔS = change in storage
    volume of the lack.
    Here Δt = 1 month = 30×24×60×60 = 2.592×106s = 2.592Ms
    In one month:
    Inflow volume = I Δt = 6.0 × 2.592 = 15.552 Mm3
    Outflow volume = Q Δt = 6.5 × 2.592 = 16.848 Mm3
    (0.6×5000×100×100)
    Input due to precipitation = PA = (100×106 )
    = 0.3Mm3

    (0.310×5000×100×100)
    Outflow due to evaporation = EA = (100×106 )
    = 0.155Mm3

    Hence ΔS = 15.552+0.3 – 16.848-0.155 = - 1.151Mm3


    −1.151𝑥 106
    Change in elevation Δz = 5000𝑥100𝑥100= -0.02302m

    New surface water elevation at the end of the month = 6 +(- 0.02302)
    =5.97698m above the datum.
    2- A small catchment of area 6ha received a rainfall pf 10.5cm in 6minutes due to a storm. At
    the outlet of the catchment, the stream draining the catchment was dry before the storm and
    experienced a runoff lasting for 6 hours with an average discharge of 1.5m3/s. the stream was
    again dry after the runoff event. (a) what is the amount of water which was not available to
    runoff due to combined effect of infiltration, evaporation and transpiration? What is the ratio
    of runoff to precipitation?
    Solution:
    The water budget equation for the catchment in a time Δt is:
    R=P–L
    (a)
    P = input due to precipitation in 6 hours
    = 6 × 100 × 100 × (10.5/100) = 6300m3
    R = runoff volume = outflow volume at the catchment outlet in 6 hours
    = 1.5 × 6 × 60 × 60 = 32400m3
    Hence losses L = - 26100 m3(time is inappropriate)
    6300
    (b) Runoff = 32400 = 0.194

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