Agriculture Final Syllabus

B.SC.
AGRICULTURE (4 YEARS COURSES)

SEMESTER WISE DETAILED LAYOUT OF COURSES
Semester – I
S.NO. Course Title Credit Theory Practical Total
Hrs Ex. Int.
1. Elementary Statistics 1+1 35 15 25 75
2. Agriculture Meteorology 1+1 35 15 25 75
3. Computer Application 1+1 35 15 25 75
4. Str. & Spoken English 1+1 35 15 25 75
5. Elementary 2+1 35 15 25 75
Agri/Elementary/
Biology/Elementary
Mathematics (Only one
depending on subjects in
10+2)
6. Principles of Agronomy 2+1 35 15 25 75
7. Rural Sociology & 2+1 35 15 25 75
Educational Psychology
Total 10+7 = 17 245 105 175 525
B.SC. AGRICULTURE (4 YEARS COURSES)

SEMESTER WISE DETAILED LAYOUT OF COURSES
Semester – II
Hrs Ex. Int.
1. Fundamentals of Soil 2+1 35 15 25 75
Science
2. Fundamentals of 2+1 35 15 25 75
Horticulture
3. Elementary Plant 2+1 35 15 25 75
Biochemistry
4. Weed Management 1+1 35 15 25 75
5. Element of Genetics 2+1 35 15 25 75
1
6. Introductory Entomology 2+1 35 15 25 75
7. Introductory Plant 2+1 35 15 25 75
Pathology
8. Microbiology 1+1 35 15 25 75
Total 14+8 = 22 280 120 200 600
2
Semester – III
Hrs Ex. Int.
1. Vegetable Production 2+1 35 15 25 75
2. Irrigation Water 2+1 35 15 25 75
Management
3. Principles of Plant 3+1 35 15 25 75
Breeding & Breeding of
Field Crops
4. Soil Fertility and Nutrient 2+1 35 15 25 75
Management
5. Agri. Marketing and 2+1 35 15 25 75
International Trade
6. Field Crops I (Kharif) 2+1 35 15 25 75
7. Crop Diseases and their 2+1 35 15 25 75
Management
Total 15+7 = 22 245 105 175 525
Semester – IV
Hrs Ex. Int.
1. Economic Entomology 2+1 35 15 25 75
2. Introduction to Plant 1+1 35 15 25 75
Biotechnology
3. Field Crops II (Rabi) 2+1 35 15 25 75
4. Agriculture Co-operation, 2+1 35 15 25 75
Finance and Busi. Mgt.
5. Insect Pest and their 2+1 35 15 25 75
Management
6. Fruit and Plantation Crops 2+1 35 15 25 75
7. Livestock Production 2+1 35 15 25 75
8. Rainfed Agriculture 1+1 35 15 25 75
Total 14+8 = 22 280 120 200 600
3
4
Semester – V
Hrs Ex. Int.
1. Poultry Management 2+1 35 15 25 75
2. Mushroom Cultivation 1+1 35 15 25 75
3. Elementary Crop Physiology 2+1 35 15 25 75
4. Farm Machinery and Power 2+1 35 15 25 75
5. Farm Mgt. and Natural 2+1 35 15 25 75
Resource Economics
6. Fundamentals of Extension 2+1 35 15 25 75
Education and Rural
Development
7. Post Harvest Mgt. & 2+1 35 15 25 75
Processing of Fruits and
Vegetables
8. Practical Crops Production – I 0+2 0 0 75 75
Total 13+9 = 22 245 105 250 600
Semester – VI
S.NO. Course Title Credit Hrs Theory Practical Total
Ex. Int.
1. Farming System and Sustainable 2+1 35 15 25 75
Agriculture
2. Conservation and Management 1+1 35 15 25 75
of soil and water resources
3. Oranental Horticulture 2+1 35 15 25 75
4. Environmental Science 2+1 35 15 25 75
5. Silviculture and Agro Forestry 2+1 35 15 25 75
6. Seed Production and Processing 2+1 35 15 25 75
Technology
7. Practical Crops Production – II 0+2 0 0 75 75
Total 12+8 = 20 210 90 225 515
5
Semester – VII
Hrs Ex. Int.
1. General Economics 2+0 35 15 - 50
2. Breeding and Improvement 1+1 35 15 25 75
of Farm Animals
3. Principles of Animal 2+1 35 15 25 75
Nutrition
4. Element of Food 2+1 35 15 25 75
Technology
5. Human Food and 2+1 35 15 25 75
Nutrition
6. Soil Taxonomy, Survey and 2+1 35 15 25 75
remote sensing
7. Production Technology of 0+2 35 15 25 75
Medicinal and Agromatic
Plants
Total 14+6 = 20 245 105 150 500
Semester – VIII
Rural Agriculture Work 0+20 0 0 525 525
Experience
Total 0+20 0 0 525 525
Grand Total Credits

Theory 10+14+15+14+13+12+14+0 = 92
Practical 7+8+7+8+9+8+6+20 = 73
Total = 165
6
B.SC. AGRICULTURE SEMESTER – I
PAPER – I (ELEMENTARY STATISTICS)
Introduction to statistics, arithmetic mean, median, mode and partition values range,
interquartile range, quartile deviation, mean deviation, variances, standard deviation,
coefilcent of variation, moments, skewness, Kurtosis and its measure; Definition of
probability. Simple problems based on probability theory; Definition of correlation; Scatter
diagram; Karl pearson’s coefficent of correlation; Linear regression equations; introduction
to test of significance, one sample and two sample test for mean.
Practicals
Based on Graphical Representation of Data, measure of dispersion raw & central tendency,
partition values, measure of dispersion raw & central moments, measure of skewness &
hiullosis, correlation and regression analysis, application of one sample t-test and Fishers 2
sample t-test.
7
PAPER – II (AGRICULTURE METEOROLOGY)
Earth atmosphere its composition, extent and structure; Atmospheric weather variables:
Atmospheric pressure, its variation with height; Daily and seasonal variation of wind speed
and direction. Cyclones and anticyclones, air masses and fronts; Nature and properties of
solar radiation, solar constant, depletion of solar radiation, short wave and thermal radiation,
net radiation, albeno, atmospheric temperature – temperature inversion, daily and seasonal
variation of temperature balance of earth; atmospheric humidity; concept of saturation,
vapour process of condensation, formation of dew, fog, mist, frost, snow rain and hail:
precipitation cloud formation and movement.
Agriculture and weather relations: Modification of crop microclimate, use of weather data
for irrigation scheduling, pesticides sprays, fertilizer application, climatic normals for crop
production.
Practicals
Agro-meteorological observatory-its site selection, installation and exposure of instruments,
weather data recording. Measurement of total solar radation, short wave and long wave
radiation, albedo and sunshine duration, maximum and minimum air temperatures, soil
temperature, dew point temperature. Determination of vapor pressure, relative humidity,
atmospheric pressure, wind speed and wind direction. Measurement of rain, open pan
evaporation and evapo-transpiration. Processing, tabulation and presentation of weather
data.
8
PAPER – III (COMPUTER APPLICATION)
Introduction to personal computer, peripherals, operating systems (Dos & Windows) and
high-level language- Interaction with software pack-ages (Lotus, Foxpro, Statistical,
packages) and its execution for the following applications: Solution of simultaneous
equations, plotting of graph and diagrams. Simple agricultural statistics computations.
Database file; creation and Query.
Practicals
Demonstration of working of computer system, MS-DOS, MS Windows commands and
utilities, writing sample software for agricultural problems, Basic programmes.
9
PAPER – IV (STRUCTURAL AND SPOKEN ENGLISH)
Structural patterns of communicative grammar; modern usages; functional language disorder

and common structural errors in part of speech-noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb,
preposition, conjunction; articles; word-formation and vocabulary building-affixes, prefixes,
suffixes, synonyms, antonyms, substitutions and foreign words; prepositions; phrases idioms;
gerunds; participles; infinitives; time and tense; modal verbs, conditional parities; synthesis;
transformation controlled writing; paragraph writing; study of modern technical prose;
listening and reading skills; comprehension; phonetic and scientific systems of spoken
English – speech mechanism; symbols and sounds; stress and intonation.
Practicals
Speech mechanism speech event, production of speech; speech organs; abonetic sounds and
symbols-pure vowels; diphthongs; consonants (voiceless/voiced, accented/ unaccented,
aspirated/unaspirate); stress and intonation word accent (syllable, consonant clusters), stress
shift, compound words, word accent in Indian English Vs R sonant clusters); stress shift,
compound words; word accent in Indian English VS RP; rules for accentual patterns, accent
in connected speech rhythm; weak forms; intonation- falling tone; rising tone; rising falling
tone; listening comprehension; skill sear training.
10
PAPER – V (ANY ONE UNIT OF THE FOLLOWING)

UNIT I – ELEMENTARY AGRICULTURE
Indian agriculture-scope and resources; crop plants-their significance as source of food, feed,
fuel and raw material for various industries. Crop seasons and classification of crops
according to seasons. Soils-their formation, classification, physical and chemical properties
and manures and fertilizers-essential plant nutrients, uptake of N,P & K by important crops,
methods of manure & fertilizer application, composition of bulky organic manures,
concentrated organic manures, green manures and various types of inorganic fertilizers,
Irrigation and drainage-importance of water, quality of irrigation water; sources methods and
measurement of irrigation water, disadvantages of excessive soil moisture necessity and
methods of drainage. Cultivation of important crops in the state such as wheat, rice cottan,
sorghum, maize, groundnut, rape seed & mustard, chickpea, pigeonpea, tobacco, berseem,
potato and sugarcane. Acquaintance with horticultural crops such as cabbage, cauliflower,
onion, garlic, cucurbits, rot crops, peas, tomato, brinjal, banana, apple, mango, litchi, citrus,
guava. Introductory economics-Factors of production, exchange, different types of markets;
pricing, bank and credits, law of diminishing returns, elementary rural sociology, place of
agriculture in five year plans, statistics relating to agricultural production. Study of main
breeds of animals such as cows, buffaloes, goats, sheep and poultry. Elementary physiology
and anatomy of cow and buffaloes. Characteristics of milchcattles. Care of animal, poultry
management, principles of nutrition, common medicines. Types of iron and steel used in
agricultural implements; different types of plough, mechanical devices, their management
and cost. Water lifting devices, tillage, different methods of ploughing. Power transmission
through belts, pullies, gears, chaff, cutter, cane crusher. Necessity for drainage, damage to
soil due to excess moisture, land development, preventation and formation of acidic and
alcolic soils.
Practicals
Identification of important crops, crop seeds, fertilizers and agricultural chemicals, crop
weeds, farm implements and acquaintance with irrigation resource and instruments.
Acquaintance with vegetable and horticulture crops and their management, study of main
cattle breeds and their management and also visit to Livestock Centers and Laboratories.
Practical Knowledge of seed bed preparation and other recent agronomic practices of main
crops, visit to agricultural museum and meteorological observatory Estimation of yields and
cultivation cost of main field and horticultural crop, study of different type of markets and
banks including their visits.
11

UNIT II – ELEMENTARY BIOLOGY
Introduction to the living world, diversity of life, characteristics of life, system of

classification, binomial nomenclature, main groups of animals from protozoa to mammals.
Diversity of plants, classification, brief study of algae, fungi, bryophytes, pteridophytes.
Gymnosperms and angiosperms, morphology of root, stem leaf, inflorescence, flower,
germination, systematics and ecology. Structure of Cell, cell division, heredity and genetics,
origin of life and evolution. Histology and physiology of rabbit. Economic importance.
Practicals
Important characters of algae, fungi, bryophytes and gymnosperms. Morphology of
flowering plants and its parts i.e. root, stem and leaf modification. Internal morphology
(anatomy) of root, stem and leaf of both dicots and monocots. Families: Cruciferae,
Leguminosae, Compositae and Gramineae. Field trip. Study of specimens and slides from
protozoa to mammals. Cell-Cell division and tissues. Histology and skeletal system of rabbit.
12

UNIT III – ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS
Co-ordinates: distance between two points, coordinates of a point of division of straight line
joining two points, area of triangle and quadrilateral, equation of straight line, change of axes,
circle, parabols and ellipse. Simple problems based on them.
Functions: Limit continuity, differentiation, equations of trangent and normal, maxima and
minima. Methods of integration including integration by parts. Define integrals, application
of definite Integrals in finding areas under curves.
Determinants: Matrices, matrix addition and matrix multiplication, transpose of matrix,

solution of linear equation using crammers rule.
13
PAPER – VI (PRINCIPLES OF AGRONOMY)
Agronomy as a science and its scope, plant growth and development, environmental effects
on growth, ideal plant type, tillage, seed quality, sowing, crop density and spatial
arrangement, crop nutrition, organic manures and fertilizers, irrigation and drainage, weed
management, distribution of crops, cropping systems, selection of crops and varieties for
multiple cropping, crop yield contributing characters; Organic farming-concept, practice and
scope in India. Crop production in dry lands, salt affected, acidic, flood affected,
waterlogged and eroded areas.
Practicals
Sowing techniques different crops, effect of seeding depth on germination and
seeding vigor, weeds and weed control experiments, top dressing of nitrogen,
layouts design and statistical techniques used in field experimentation, yield
contributing characters and yield estimation, germination and viability test,
forage crops and important experiments at LRC, numerical exercises on
requirement of fertilizer, plant population and herbicides, tillage implements,
morphological description of major crops, irrigation water measurement by
parshal flume and calculation of time required to irrigate unit area, preparation
techniques of charts and diagram and preparation of cropping scheme for a
given farm.
14
PAPER – VII (RURAL SOCIOLOGY AND EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY)
Concepts, methods, tools, characteristics of rural society and people; rural – urban
continuum and differences, Rural social structure: interaction, processes, institutions groups,
Rural social stratification: status, roles, class, castes etc. panchayati Raj and and Block
Development Organizations as rural peoples participative agencies for planned development,
Specific, programs for rural area upliftment/ employment: JRY, IAT, EAS, MWS, IRDP,
GKY, DWCRA, TRYSEM, DPAP, DDP, NSAP, Land reforms, etc. Council for
Advancement of peoples Action and Rural Technology (CAPART). National Fund for Rural
Development (NFRD), NGOs/Voluntary Sector. Conceptual/Clarifications on educational
psychology, Psychology of individual differences; MA & IQ; the gifted, Slow Learner and
Socially disadvantaged child. Learning and motivation, mental hygiene and adjustment,
guidance and counseling.
Practicals
Socio economic survey and its tools, study of rural social institutions, Panchayati Raj
institutes (any one at any tier of Panchayat Raj system), and measurement of IQ.
15
B.SC. AGRICULTURE SEMESTER – II
PAPER – I (FUNDAMENTALS OF SOIL SCIENCE)
Soil as a natural body and medium for plant growth; soil compounds and soil plants
relationship; soil forming rocks and minerals; weathering and processes of soil formation;
physical properties of soils – texture, structure, density and porosity, soil colour, consistence
and plasticity, soil reaction pH and its measurement, soil acidity and alkalinity, buffering,
effect of pH on nutrient availability, soil colloids – inorganic and organic; silicate clays:
constitution and properties; humic substances nature and properties; ion exchange, cation
exchange capacity, base saturation; soil organic matter: composition, properties and
influence on soil properties, transformation of organic and inorganic constituents of soil;
biological nitrogen fixation; recycling of organic wastes in soils – Urban and industrial
wastes. Soil water retention, dynamics and availability; soil air composition and dynamics;
source, amount and flow of heat in soils; soil temperature and plant growth; soil survey and
classification, soils of India; soil pollution – behavior of pesticides and inorganic
contaminants, prevention and mitigation of soil pollution.
Practicals
Study of soil as a natural body. Use of soil sampling tools, collection, processing and storage
of soil samples. Study of soil forming rocks, mineral’s density and porosity. Study of soil
texture by feel methods. Study off soil structure, colour and soil map. Capillary rise
phenomenon of water in soil column and water movement in soil. Soil reaction
measurement by indicators and glass electrode pH meter. Determination of electrical charges
on soil colloids and its nutrient retention capacity. Estimation of organic matter content and
buffering capacity of soil. Microscopic examination of soil microbes.
16
PAPER – II (FUNDAMENTALS OF HORTICULTURE)
Horticulture: its definition and branches; importance and scope; horticultural and botanical
classification; climate, soil and distribution of fruit crops; propagation and nursery raising;
principles of orchard establishment and management; flower bud differentiation and
pollination; causes of unfruitfulness, pollinizers and pollinators; environmental and soil
factors affecting vegetable production, kitchen gardening; garden types and parts; care and
maintenance of ornamental plants; lawn making; knowledge of land scaping of rural and
urban areas; exposure to important medicinal aromatic plants, spices and condiments, use of
plant bio-regulators in horticulture, Post Harvest Technology-Principles and Practices.
Practicals
Identification of garden tools, horticultural crops. Preparation of seed bed/nursery bed for
fruit, crops. Practice in asexual methods of propagation-cutting, layering, budding & grafting,
layout and planting of orchard plants, training and pruning of fruit trees, transplanting and
care of vegetable seedlings, making of herbaceous and shrubbery borders and potting
mixtures; potting and repotting.
17
PAPER – III (ELEMENTARY PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY)
Recapitulation of basic chemistry and biology, water, pH and buffer, Cellular constituents:
Structure and function – amino acids and protein, carbohydrates, lipids and biomembrances
and nucleic acids; Enzymes-function, properties and mechanism, metabolism of cellular
constituents: Central Metabolic Pathways: Degradative path ways – glycolysis, hexose
monophosphate pathway, degradation of starch, sucrose, other sugars, fatty acids and
acylglycerols, proteins and amino acids; Biosynthetic pathways – photosynthesis, formation
of sucrose and starch, Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain; Nitrogen and sulphur
cycles; Nitrogen fixation, assimilation of ammonia; Synthesis of DNA, RNA and proteins;
Secondary metabolites – structure, function and metabolism.
Practicals
Preparation of standard, buffer and colloidal solution; determination of pH, qualitative tests
on carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids and proteins; quantitative estimation of reducing
sugars, amino acids, proteins and cholesterol; acid and enzymatic hydrolysis of starch and
identification of products by paper chromatography; enzymatic hydrolysis of stercl and
identification of products by paper chromatography; enzymatic action of potato oxidase or
urease; layer chromatography of lipids; assay of dehydrogenase and demonstration of
differential centrifugation, gel electrophoresis, ion exchange chromatography and gel
filtration.
18
PAPER – IV (WEED MANAGEMENT)
Introduction: Definition, costs to society from weeds, classification of weeds. Ecology of

weeds: Reproduction (seed production, seeds essmination, seeds germination, vegetative
reproduction), geopraphics, distribution, factors influencing weed distribution, weed
succession of uncultivated sites, competition between crops and weeds. Concepts of
prevention, eradication and control. Weed control methods: Physical, cultural, biological,
chemical, integrated weed management. Introduction to herbicides: basic concepts, polar vs.
Non-polar, Esters, Salts, acids, etc. surfactant chemistry. Factors influencing foliage active
herbicides: reaching the target plant, spray retention, absorption into leaf, translocation,
factors influencing soil applied herbicides: microbiological effect, soil absorption, photo-
decomposition and volatilization, spray of herbicides.
Practicals
Study of common Indian weeds – their characteristics, mode of propagation, occurrence and
importance, techniques of weed collection and preservation, herbicide classification and
identification, spray equipment and their calibration, herbicides doses calculations, effect of
herbicides on growth and development of crops and weeds ours and visit to poolern areas.
19
PAPER – V (ELEMENTS OF GENETICS)
History: Pre mendelian and post-Mandelian concepts of heredity, mendelian principles of

heredity, Probability and chi-square. Cell plant cell and animal cell, chromosome structure.
Cell division mitosis, meiosis, variation in chromosomes polytene chromosome, Lampbrush
chromosomes. Dominance relationship gene interaction.
Multiple alleles, plelotropism and pseudoalleles. Sex determination and sex linkage, sex
limited and sex influenced traits. Linkage, Crossing ever mechanism, Chromosomes
mapping, structural changes in chromosomes: Deletion and Duplication, Translocation and
diversion, “Numerical changes in chromosomes, chemical basis of heredity”. Gene concept
made of replication of genetic material, transcription and translational mechanism of genetic
material. Gene regulation and operon concept. Mutations: chemical and physical mutagens,
mode of action of mutagens. Extranculear inheritance. Polygene and quantitative
inheritance. Introduction to plant tissue culture.
Practicals
Simple and compound microscope, cell culture, monohybrid and dihybrid cross, test cross,
back cross, epistatic interactions. Practice of mitotic and meiotic cell division; study of
special chromosome. Probability, chi-square, linkage and crossing over, two point test cross
linkage analysis, three point test cross linkage analysis, sex linked inheritance, pedigree
analysis, DNA and RNA structure. Structural changes in chromosomes and numerical
changes in chromosomes.
20
PAPER – VI (INTRODUCTORY ENTOMOLOGY)
The scope of Entomology, brief history of entomology in India, insects as Arthropods and
its relationship with phylum Annelida and other classes of Arthropoda, origin in insects
major points related to dominance of insects in Animal Kingdom. External morphology and
anatomy of grass hopper; body segmentation, integument, thorax and abdomen, antennae,
legs and wings and their modifications, generalized mouth parts and their modifications,
Alimentary, Circulatory, Excretory, Respiratory, Reproductive and nervous systems, major
sensory organs like simple and compound eyes chemoreceptors, endocrine glands; basic
embryology and post embryonic development, basic groups of present day insects with
special emphasis to orders and families of agricultural importance like Orthoptera;
Tetigonidae, Gryllidae, Gryllotalpidae, Acrididae, Dictyoptera; Mantidae, Blattidae; Isoptera;
Hemiptera; Pentatomidae; Coreidae; Cimicidae, Cicadellidae, Delphacidae, Lophophidae,
Aleurodidae; Aphididae; Coccidae; Thysanoptera, Coleoptera. Carabidae, Meloidae,
Coccinellidae, Bruchidae, Chrysomelidae, Curculionidae, Cerambycidae; Diptera; Culicidae
Cephritidae, Agromyzidae, Muscidae; Lepidoptera, Pleridae; Papilionidae, Hespirlidae,
Sphingidae, Noctuidae, Artilidae, Pyralidae, Saturnidae, Bombycidae; Hymonoptera.
Tenthredinidae, Braconidae, Chalcididae, Trichogrammatidae.
Practicals
Collection killing, planing and mounting of insects, study of different classes of phylum
Arthropida, external morphology of grasshopper, typical mouth parts and their modification
of antennae, legs, wings and their coupling apparatus, structure of alimentary canal and
nervous system, mcheal, reproductive and other systems in insects, post embryonic
development in insects and basic of insects classification. Basic groups of present day insects
with special reference to orders and families of agricultural importance.
21
PAPER – VII (INTRODUCTORY PLANT PATHOLOGY)
Importance of plant diseases, scope and objectives of plant pathology concept of plant
disease, of ause of plant disease, inanimate causes and plant viruses. Classification of plant
diseases. Definition and terms, parasites, pathogens biotropls, heribiotrphs, necrotraph,
pathogenicity, pathogene is virulence, infection primary infection, inoculum, invasion and
colonization, inoculation potential, symptoms, incubation period, discase cycle, disease
syndrome, single cycle disease, multiple cycle, single cycle period, multiple cycle disease,
alternate host collateral host, predisposition, physiotogicerase biotype, symbiosis, mutualism,
antagonism. History of plant pathology with special reference to Indian work. Pathogenesis
and parasitism, Koch’s postulate. Effect of pathogenesis on the plants, morphological
changes, physiological changes, symptom of plant diseases. Development of identies.
Principles and methods of plant disease management. Basic concepts avoidance, exclusion,
erailication, proptect on, disease resistance and therapy. Methods of plant disease
management. Genera morphology, characters of fungi and somatic structure, reproduction
of various structure. Basic and different methods of classification of fung, taxonomy and
nomenclature. Study of selected genera, Plasmodiophora, spongospora (myconycota),
Synchitrum, Thyseoderma, pythiym phytophothora, albugo selerophthora, periosdocrospora
and percnosi on (Mastigomyccinal); Taplirina, Erisyphe, Claviceps, Sclerotinia
(Ascomycocina), Puccinia Melarapsora, Uromyces, Ustillgo, Tilletia, Neovosain,
Splacelothera, Telyposporium (Besidicmycotina); Collectotrichum Alternate Cercospora,
Fusarium, Helmilthosporium, Pyricularia, Seletorian. Rhizoctonia, Phyllostica, Phoma
(Deuteromycotina). General morphological and cultural characters of prokaryotes (bacteria),
basic methods of classification taxonomy and nomenclature. Nutrition and effects of
physiochemical factor on growth, reproduction and life cycle genetics and variability.
Importance and general original characters of morcoplasns, spiroplasma and fastidions
bacteria. Reproduction nomenclature and classification physical architecture and chemical
composition of viruses and viroids, nomenclature and criteria for identification,
multiplication, transmission and infective nature. General morphological characters, life cycle
and reproduction of nematodes, behaviour in soil and nematodes as vectors for other plant
pathogens. Classification and general identifying characters of phanerogamic plant parasite
reproduction and life-cycle.
Practicals
Acquaintance with various laboratory equipment and microscopy. General study of different
structures of presentative fungal genera, staining and identification of plant pathogenic
bacteria, diagrammatic representation, identification and transmission of plant viruses.
Extraction and identification of plant parasitic nematodes, study of phanerogamic plant
parasite. Preparation of media, isolation and Koch’s postulates and use of chemicals and
plant disease control.
22
PAPER – VIII (MICROBIOLOGY)
Microbial world history- History of microbiology prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes, their
cell structure, genetics distribution in nature and importance in agriculture, microorganisms
in soil fertility and crop production; curbon, nitrogen, phophorus and sulphur cycles, plant
microbes association symbiotic associative and a symbiotic nitrogen fixation, Azolla and
mycorrhiza iodegradation of agricultural chemicals pesticides, herbicicks and agricultural
organic wastes; Microbiology of milk and milk products, rural microbiology and silage
production; Microbes in human welfare biocertilizers, bipesticides, waste treatment and
recycling; composting, ethanol production, antibiotic production, Human and plant
pathogenic microbes.
Practicals
Introduction to microbiology laboratory and its equipments, study of microscope,
observation of microbial studies, autritional media and their preparaco, staining techniques,
microbial analysis of household working areas mad utensils, methods of disinfections and
sterilization, microbial analysis of air, water, soil and compost, microbial examination of
storeal produces, microbial analysis of fresh food vegetables, milk and dairy products,
microbial examination offeriented food products, antibiotic assay.
23
B.SC. AGRICULTURE SEMESTER – III
PAPER – I (VEGETABLE PRODUCTION)
Importance of vegetables in human nutrition and national economy, factors effection

vegetable productivity viz. light, temperature, moisture, oxygen, CO2 mineral nutrients, soil
reaction, disease and insect pasts; types of vegetable farming; types of classification of
vegetable viz, botanical, classification, based on col: mandlness, parts used duration of crop;
weed management, use of bioregulation seed production, harvesting and marketing.
Cultivation practices vis. time of sowing nursery management, transplanting,
sowing/planning distance, recommended cultivars seed rate, manure and fertilizers doses,
harvesting, storage, physiological disorders, diseases and insect pests and their control
measure of various vegetable crops namely potato, tomato, onion, garlic, okra, sweet corn
pea, beans, cucurbitaceous crops-pumpkin, bottle gourd, sponge gourd, ridge gourd, pointed
gourd, bitter gourd, cucumbers etc.
Practicals
Identification of vegetable crops seeds, study of orphotogical characters; practice of nursery
raising. Transplanting of seedlings and direct seed sowing in the field; fertilizer application by
different methods; raising of vegetable seed crops, seed extraction; harvesting and
preparation for market, economics of vegetable production.
24
PAPER – II (IRRIGATION WATER MANAGEMENT)
Water resources of India, source of irrigation, irrigation water demand, supply and resources
development of irrigation, soil moisture and its characteristics soil water potential, retention
and movement of soil water. Water intake and infiltration. Importance of water in plants
life, plant water status, absorption, transportation and transpiration, moisture sensitive stage,
water availability and nutrient up take. Scheduling of irrigation based on soil moisture status.
Physiological stages of crop and meteorological parameters, irrigation under limited water
supply conditions. Methods of irrigation; surface irrigation, flooding, furrow, border and
basin irrigation. Irrigation; drip and sprinkler irrigations. Water stress and plant grows effect
of water stress on physio-morphological characteristics and productivity of plant, deficit
irrigation and strategy for optimizing yield. Wate quality standards and its suitability for
irrigation, water use efficiency, agronomic technique to boost water use efficiency, factors
affecting water use-efficiency. Intigation management in soils with low intake rate, saline and
alkali soil, soil with shallow ground water able and in poorly declined soil. Water requirement
of crops, factor affecting the water requirement of crops, method of determining water
requirement, effective rainfall, impotanspiration and potential evapotranspiration and
consumptive use. Irrigation of principal crops critical stages of crops, depth and schedule of
irrigation, reducing irrigation requirement of major crops.
Practicals
Soil moisture measuring instruments, measurement of soil and plant water status with the
help of different instruments. Measurement of irrigation water and efficiency of different
methods. Use of meteorological data in scheduling irrigation, scheduling of irrigation on the
basis of ET demand of crops, measurement of ground water, irrigation water quality
determination, exercise on field capacity, PWP, Bulk density, consumptive use, irrigation
water acquirement irrigation plant form farm and fertilizer application with pressurize
irrigation system.
25
PAPER – III (PRINCIPLES OF PLANT BREEDING & BREEDING OF FIELD CROPS)
Historical development of plant breeding plant breeding concept, nature and role of plant
breeding major achievements and future prospects, genetics in relation of plant breeding,
modes of reproduction, self incompatibility and male sterility. Plant Breeders materials
domestication, centers of origin, centers of density acclimatization and components of
genetic variation and heritability. Breeding methods in self pollinated crops: Introduction,
selection pure line theory, maltilanewar eties, hybridization techniques and handling of
segregating populations, Hardy-Weinberg law, Methods of breeding cross pollinated crops
system of mating heterosis and inbreeding depression development of inbred lines and
hybrids and synthetic varieties, breeding methods in asexually propagated crops, clonal
selection and hybridization polyploidy in relation to plant breeding, mutation breeding
methods, uses nature of gene mutation mutagenic agents, induced mutation in plant
breeding, breeding for important biotic and abiotic stresses, and use of biotechnology
implant breeding, procedure for release of new varieties.
Crop systematic, species relationship, floral biology and inheritance of economically

important characters, breeding objectives development of varieties with desired yield,
adaptability, stability, disease and pest resistance and quality (Physical, chemical, nutritional)
and marketing Important varieties along with parentage and characteristics, future thrust area
in varietals improvement in crops like wheat, rice, make, soybean, fieldpea, pigeon pea,
urbean and rapeseed mustard, sunflower, groundnut, sorghum, sugarcane, potato, cotton
and tobacco.
Practicals
Germplasm of various crops, floral structure and biology of self pollinated and cross
pollinated crops. Self incompatibility, emasculation and hybridization techniques in self
pollinated crops. Study of variation in segregating population for qualitative and quantitative
traits, Methods of calculating mean, range, variances, standard covation etc. and important
designs used in plant breeding experiments. Study of component of genetic variation and
genet advance; heteroils and inbreeding depression, prediction of performance of double
cross hydras comparative study of selection, method. In self pollinated crops, induction of
polyplolcy through colchicines and other methods. Induction of mutation through chemical
mutagens eg. EMS etc. Germolasm, breeding trials in field and selicar feature of the popular
varieties of the region of crops viz. wheat, bailey, pea, maize, sugarcane, rapeseed, custard,
sunflower, oat, potato, urbean and cotton.
26
PAPER – IV (SOIL FERTILITY AND NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT)
History of plant nutrition and soil fertility, soil fertility and productivity, problems of soil
fertility in India, plant growth and development, factors affecting plant growth; essential
plant nutrients, their role and deficiency and toxicity symptoms; Ion exchange phenomena in
soil and its role in plant nutrient availability; movement of nutrients from soil to plant roots,
their uptake and translocation.
Chemistry of soil nitrogen- Nitrogen cycle, mineralization and immobilization, properties

and use of inorganic and organic nitrogenous fertilizers in crop production. Chemistry of
phosphorus in soil, phosphate fixation and availability chemistry of potassium in soil,
potassium fixation and availability; properties and use of phosphorus and potassium
fertilizers, chemistry of calcium, magnesium and sulphur in soil, their sources and usage; soil
fertility evaluation and fertilizer recommendations; biofertilizers; integrated nutrient
management ; methods and time of application of fertilizers, efficient of fertilizers.
Practicals
Estimation of total and different inorganic forms of nitrogen in soil. Determination of
available nitrogen, phophorus, potassium sulphate and micronutrients in soil. Estimation of
cation exchange capacity and exchangeable bases in soil. Interpretation of soil test
data/report.
Determination of moisture, total N, water soluble P and soluble K in fertilizers, Rapid plant
tissue test and use of soil water plant test kit. Field trip for studying visual symptoms of
nutritional disorders in plants.
27
PAPER – V (AGRICULTURE MARKETING & INTERNATIONAL TRADE)
Concepts of marketing, human needs and marketing the marketing mix, the marketing
strategy, product planning, promotion Physical distribution and pricing, marketing and
different levels of development, function of prices and role of price in economic
development, marketing planning and organizational elements of marketing mix, Concept of
market segment, market segmentation, basis of market segmentation, Types of markets,
classification and characteristics of agricultural market; Demand for farm products;
determinants of consumer behavior, consumers of farm products factors affecting demand
and consumption of farm products; supply of farm produces; product decision and
strategies, product life cycle and new product development, characteristics of farm firm,
farm products and farm production, spatial and temporal distribution of farm products,
marketed and marketable surplus, factors affecting supply of marketed surplus and
marketable surplus of farm products; women’s role in agricultural produce marketing;
pricing and promotion strategies market structure, determination of price under alternates
market structures, price movement overtime seasonal cyclical and trend marketing
communication, advertising, publicity, personnel selling and cales promotion; Marketing
function, exchange function’s buying and rolling physical function storage, transportation
and processing; facilitating functions- packaging, branding, financing, market information,
grading etc. Management of marketing functions, marketing channels; stages of marketing,
selection and management of marketing channels for farm products; meaning and
components of marketing cost, price spread and market margins, Marketing efficiency,
concept and measurements of marketing efficiency; Role of government in Agricultural
marketing, public sector institutions. CACP, FCL, CWC, DMI, Far price shops, Exim Bants
etc. The concept and importance of inter-regional and International trade; emerging scenario
of international trade in Agricultural commodities; basic theories of international trade;
concept of terms of trade and BOP, implications of new GATT agreement (WTO).
Practicals
Plotting and study of demand and supply curves and calculation of their elasticity.
Relationship between market arrivals and prices of some selected agricultural commodities
and their temporal behavior. Acquaintance with pricing methods. Visit to local agricultural
markets and cooperative marketing societies study their organization, functioning and
performance. Collection of data from the agricultural markets for some selected
commodities to study the marketing margins and costs. Class discussion on marketing
practices and problems related to major farm produce cereals, pulses, off seeds, livestock and
livestock products. Application of comparative cost advantage principle in international
trade.
28
PAPER – VI (FIELD CROPS 1 (KHARIF))
Origin, geographic distribution, economic importance, soil and climatic requirement,

varieties, cultural practices yield of kharif crops. Cereals-rice, maize, sorghum pearl millet and
finger millet; pulses – pigeon pea, mungbean and urdbeans oilseeds groundnut, sesame and
soybean; fibre crops cotton, jute and sunhemp; and forage crops sorghum, maize, cowpea,
cluster bean and napier.
Practicals
Rice nursery preparation and their transplanting. Sowing of soybean, pigeon pea, mungbean,
maize, ground nut and cotton. Effect of seed on germination and seedling vigour of
soybean/groundnut. Effect of sowing depth on germination soybean. Identification of
weeds in rice, maize and soybean fields and study of weed control experiments in these
crops. Top dressing of nitrogen in maize and rice and study of fertilizer experiments on rice,
maize, sorghum millets. Study-of yield contributing characters, yield calculation, harvesting
and yield estimation of above crops. Study of crop varieties and important agronomic
experiment. Study of forage experiments.
29
PAPER – VII (CROP DISEASE AND THEIR MANAGEMENT)
Wheat disease rusts, loose nut, kernallunt, powdery mildew, alternaria blight, yellow ear rot,
ear cocile, Rice disease blast, brown spot, bacterial blight, sheath blight khaira and tungro;
Maize disease stalk rots, downy mildews, leaf spots and Heininthosporium leaf sports;
Sorghum disease smuts. Grain mold, anthracites and strgaa; Bajra disease downy mildews
and ergot; Sugarcane disease redrot, smut, and with Groundnut disease early and late leaf
sports, Sclerotium stem rot, seedling rot and seedling blight; Sunflower disease Sclerotinia
stem rot and Alternaria blight; mustard disease. Alterniaria blight, white rust, downy mildew,
Sclerotinia stem rot, and bacterial rot; soybean disease Rhizoctonia blight, pod blight, seed
rot, bacterial pustule seedling blight and mosatic; pigeonpea diseases Phytophora blight, wilt
and sterility mosaic; Gram diseases Wilt, grey mould and Ascochyea blight; Lentil disease
rust and wilt; Cotton disease anthocnose; vascular wilt, and black gram; Tobacco diseases
damping off early and late blight, black scarf, common scab, bacterial wilt and virus diseases;
Tomato diseases damping off, late and early blight, wilts root knot and virus diseases; Brinjal
diseases Phomopsis blight, fruit rot, Sclerotimia rot, bacteria wilt and rot knot, Chilies
diseases anthracnose and virus diseases, vegetable crucifer diseases damping off, Downey
mildew, and black not, vegetable cucurbit diseases powdery mildew and rust, Bean diseases
anthracnose, blights, and virus diseases; Mango diseases Mango malformation. Powdery
mildew and bacterial blight; Apple diseases scab, colar rot, powdery mildew; fire blight, stem
black and brown, pink diseases, Papaya diseases stem and foot rot, leaf curl, and mosaic,
Citrus diseases canker, anthracnose, citrus decline and virus disease; Peach and pear disease
leaf curl, brown rot, and scab; Guava wilt, anthracrose and stem canker.
Practicals
Colour preservation of diseased plant materials and dry preservation concept and methods,
study of the three wheat rust (black rust, brown rust and yellow rustly, specimens of plants
with references to symptomatology and casual fungi. Study of the loose smut and kernel
bunt diseases of wheat comparative differences between causal fungi and symptoms, study
of bacterial blight of rice with references to symptomatology and casual bacterium
microscopic studies. Differential staining and identification of plant pathogenic bacteria.
Study of sorghum smuts, ergot of bajra and downey ,mildew of bajra symptomatology and
morphological characteristics of the casual fungi, study of red rot of sugarcane and
cercospora leaf spots of groundnut symptomatology and characteristics of the casual fungi.
Histopathological studies of Albugo candida causing white rust of mustard. Mungbean yellow
mosaic symptoms and transmission through vector, Bemisia tabaci. Histopathological studies
of wilts (Fusarium oxyiporum) of chickpea and cotton. Study of the late blight and early blight
and mosaic diseases of potato and isolation and microscopic study of root knot nematode.
Meloidogyne incogrita. Study of mango malformation and powdery mildew of mango; etiology
and histopathology and study of citrus canker apple scab and guava application of
fungicides; sprayers and dusters and disease measurement concerning presenlence, incidence
and severity etc.
30
B.SC. AGRICULTURE SEMESTER – IV
PAPER – I (ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY)
How inesects become pest economic importance of insects, classification of pests, principles
and methods of pest control, viz, physical mechanical, cultural, legal, genetical chemical.
Biological, principles and methods of insecticidal applications, Apiculture, Sericulture and lac
cultivation with special reference to equipment used insect pests and diseases, production
and marketing.
Practicals
Insecticide formulation; application, equipment, their handling and maintenance.
Identification of commonly available natural enemies, honey bee, silkworm and lac insect
species and their rearing. Visit to institutes devoted to bee keeping, sericulture and lac
insects.
31
PAPER – II (INTRODUCTION TO PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY)
Introduction: History of Plant tissue culture and biotechnology, scope and importance of
agricultural biotechnology, Gene technology, Tissue and cell culture: Media, various modes
of culture and their application. Organ culture cell suspension culture, Callus culture,
Micropropagation methods; Organogenesis and embryogenesis, their significance, Anther
culture; haploid production, diploidization and their significance, Proto plasts isolation,
fusion, somatic hybridization and hybrids, Somaclonal variation and its use in crop
improvement, Germplasm storage and cryopreservation, Secondary metabolite production,
Introduction to genetic engineering and genetechology. Gene transfer methods: Physical
Chemical and Agrobacterium dependent methods, Generation of transgenic plants and their
identification, Molecular markets, RGLP, RAPD, Simple sequence repeats etc, Role of
biotechnology in crop improvement.
Practicals
Plant tissue culture laboratory working procedure. Preparation of nutrient culture medium.
Study of different micropropogation approaches viz, meristem shoot tip culture, exillary fud
etc. Organogenesis is tissue culture and other approaches.
32
PAPER – III (FIELD CROPS II (RABI))
Origin geographical distribution, economic importance, soil and climatic requirements,

varieties, cultural practices and yield of rabi crops; cereals wheat, barley and triticale; pulses
chickpea, lentil, peas, frenchbean; Oil seeds, rapeaseed and mustard, sunflower, safflower
and linseed; sugar crops sugarcane and sugarbeet, Regional medicinal and aromatic crops
such as mentha, lemon grass, citronella, palma rosa, Isabgol and posts, potato and tobacco,
Forage crops berseem, Luceme and Oat.
Practicals
Sowing of wheat sugarcane and sunflower. Top dressing of nitrogen in wheat and study of
fertilizer experiments on wheat and mustard. Identification of weeds in wheat and grain
legumes, application of weedicides and study of weed control experiments. Morphological
characteristics of wheat, sugarcane, chickpea and mustard. Yield contributing characters of
wheat. Yield and quality analysis of sugarcane. Crop distribution in the state and the region,
important agronomic experiments of rabi crops and visit to research stations related to rabi
crops.
33
Paper – IV (Agricultural Cooperation, Finance and Business Management)
Cooperation- Meaning, significance under Indian agricultural conditions, objectives

principles of cooperatives. Agricultural cooperation in India credit marketing consumer and
multi- purpose cooperatives, farming cooperatives, processing cooperatives, cooperative
warehousing, role of ICA, NCU, NCDC, NAFED etc. women cooperatives. Agriculture
finance meaning, scope and significance, credit needs of Indian agriculture, economic
principles in capital acquisition and use decisions, preparation and analysis of financial
statements, balance sheet and income statement, cost of credit, Access for women to
agricultural credit facilities. Agricultural credit market- institutional and non-institutional
sources of credit, cooperatives credit system, commercial banks and regional rural banks,
NABARD and AFC, problems and issues in institutional agricultural credit system. Business
management environment of agricultural business, tasks of a professional manager,
management system and processes, types of management decisions, decisions, decision
making techniques and processes, organizational culture and management ethics.
Practicals
Estimation of credit requirement of farm, preparation and analysis of the balance sheet and
income statement, appraisal of the loan, interest and performance of cooperative,
commercial banks and RRBs, analysis of the relevant published data. Class seminars and
discussion on selected topics. Visits of commercial bank, cooperative bank, agricultural
cooperative societies and agri-business units in order to impart first hand knowledge of their
management and working.
34
Paper – V (INSECT PESTS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT)
Nature and extent of damage, life cycle seasonal history, host range, distribution and
management of the major insect pests attacking field drops; Cereals, pulses, oilseeds, fiber,
sugar crops, Horticultural crops; brinjal, okra, potato, tomato, cole crops, leguminous
vegetables, cucurbits, chillies sweet potato, leafy vegetables, onion and garlic, colocasia, yarn.
Fruit crops (tropical/sub tropical); jack fruit, papaya, coconut and date palm, mango, citrus,
litchi, banana, guava, peach, poar, plum, apricot, chestnut, almond. Plantation and garden
crops: marcptics, spices and condiments. Stored grain and household pests; Locust and other
major polyphagous insects, Rodents and mites of agricultural importance.
Practicals
Nature of damage, life cycle and seasonal cycle and seasonal cycles of insect posts attacking
field, vegetable and fruit crops including stored grains: rodents and mites, their nature of
damage, life cycle and management. Visit to cold storage research and Training institutes and
Horticultural research station.
35
Paper – VI (FRUIT AND PLANTATION CROPS)
Importance and scope of fruit and plantation crop industries in India Cultivation practices of
important fruit and plantation crops with reference to their origin, soil and climatic
requirements; botany, important cultivars, plant propagation practices, resources and
planting. Care and management in respect of irrigation, nutrition and other cultural
operations including training and pruning, nutrient deficiencies of fruit plant and their
collection, inter cropping, major cultivation problem and their control measures, harvesting,
yield, storage and marketing; application of plant bioregulators; post-harvest and technology
of plantation crops. Management of major insect- pests and disease, principles and methods
of evaluation of fruit trees, project formulation and evaluation, commercial orchard.
Practicals
Introduction of fruit plants-vernacular and botanical names, families, distinguishing
vegetables, floral, fruit characters, lifting and packing of fruit plants from nursery, nursery
operations lifting and shifting plants, weeding and hoeing; orchard layout and planting; plant
propagation methods sexual and sexual; seed treatment, seed sowing and germination,
planting; cuttings and preparation of seed beds, study of bud intake and success in manuring
operations in the orchards, training and pruning of fruit plants, use of plant bio-regulators in
fruit set, fruit drop, fruit growth and fruit ripening, harvesting, handling, sorting, grading,
packing and storage. Visit to temperate fruit research station/tea nursery and garden.
36
Paper – VII (LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION)
Place of livestock in the national economy, efficient livestock development programme of

government of India, importance of exotic and Indian breeds of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat
and swine. Measures and factors affecting livestock fertility, reproductive behaviour like
estrus, parturition, farrowing, milk secretion, milking of animal and factors affection milk
yield and composition of milk. Selection and breeding of livestock for higher milk and meat
production. Feeding and management of calves, growing of heifers and milch animal and
other classes and types of animals. Housing principles, space requirement for different
species of livestock. Disease control and measures of measure livestock diseases, sanitation
and care. Breeding feeding and production records.
Practicals
Identification, handling and restraining of animals, judging and cutting, feeding and ration
formulation, visit to livestock farms, economics of livestock production.
37
Paper – VIII (RAINFED AGRICULTURE)
History of rainfed agriculture, magnitude of its problem and delineating criteria for rainfed
and drylands, soil and climatic conditions prevalent in rainfed area. Water stress in relation to
crop productivity, concept of crop productivity and plant type for rainfed farming areas and
crop improvement for efficient water use, drought resistance in crop plants. Efficient
utilization of water through soil and crop management practices; reducing water losses
through mulching and use of anti-transpirants, their kinds, mode of action and effect on
crop yield. Increasing water storage by reducing run off and increasing infiltration through
mechanical and cultural measures, water harvesting techniques, watershed management.
Efficient management of rainfed crops; land preparation, seeding and crop density, selection
of efficient crops and their varieties, alternate cropping and land use strategies, soil fertility
management and fertilizer use techniques, weed control and interculture operation, mid
season correction for mitigating the aberrant weather, agro techniques for hilly tracts.
Practicals
Climatic conditions prevalent at the various dryland research centres of the country and
delineating criteria for rainfed and drylands; Pattern of rainfall in different dryland tracts of
the country; onset and withdrawal of the monsoon, amount, intensity and distribution, and
studies of the effective cropping season; critical analysis of rainfall and estimation of
moisture index, probable seeding time and possible drought period, crops and application
and effect on soil and crop growth; seedling emergence survival and initial growth of crops
at different moisture regimes. Seed soaking, seed treatment with chemicals and depth of
seeding under moisture stress on emergence and seedling vigour, methods of fertilizer
application in dryland areas; Effect of plant density, thinning, leaf removal under moisture
stress condition on crop growth. Study of the salient features of a model water shed;
methods of measurement and determination of run-off; alternate land use strategies:
Agroforestry, grass legume forage and alley cropping system; Visit to dry land research
stations and operational research projects to expose students to the latest agro techniques,
and watershed management practices.
38
B.SC. AGRICULTURE SEMESTER – V
Paper – I (POULTRY MANAGEMENT)
Important Breed characteristics of poultry, their methods of rearing, breeding, leeding and
management. Incubation hatching and breeding, vaccination and prevention of diseases.
Preservation and marketing of eggs, its economics and keeping quality. Broiler production
and rearing, hatchery management.
Practicals
Visit to poultry farm, economics of poultry management, identification of important poultry
breeds.
39
Paper – II (MUSHROOM CULTIVATION)
First record of cultivated edible fungi, definition of mushrooms, present scenario of

mushroom cultivation uses nutritional and medicinal values of mushrooms, general
morphological features and important characters for identification of different edible
mushrooms and biological backgrounds for mushroom breeding. Definition of spawn and
their types, methods of spawn production raising cultures, preparation of spawn
media/master culture/commercial grade spawn, characteristics of good spawn, storage of
spawn. Cultivation of Agricus species: Compost and it’s formulations, preparation of
compost using short and long methods of composting, turning schedules, compost
microflora and different temperatures zones. Spawning and methods of spawning.
Preparation of casing mixture and its sterilization, identification, isolation and management
of different diseases, pests and competitors/moulds. Methods of harvesting mushrooms,
after care of harvested fruit bodies, after care of beds and crop rooms on rumination of
crop. Cultivation of Pleurotus, Volvareilla, Lentinus and Auricularia sp: Types of substrate,
substrate preparation and it’s sterilization; spawn and methods of spawning, spawn run and
cropping, harvesting and packing, processing of mushrooms: Different methods- canning,
dehydration, freeze drying and bringing etc.
Practicals
Preparation of spawn, preparation of casing material, identification of various type of edible
mushrooms. Post harvest handling of various kinds of mushrooms such as canning,
dehydration, drying etc.
40
Paper – III (ELEMENTARY CROP PHYSIOLOGY)
An introduction to plant physiology, plant cell an introduction, laws of thermodynamics,

diffusion and osmosis, the concept of water potential, cell water relations, absorption of
water, transpiration, stomatal physiology, ascent of sap, ion uptake and metabolic utilization
of mineral ions, deficiencies of mineral ions in plants, photosynthesis, respiration, fat
metabolism, physiology of growth and development, growth regulators, physiological
parameters influencing the productivity of major cereal, pulse and oilseed crops.
Practicals
Cell structure, process of diffusion osmosis and plasmolysis, structure and distribution of
stomata in monocot and dicot leaves, process of transpiration with the help of cobalt
chloride paper and other methods, demonstration of the measurement of photosynthetic
rates by infra red gas analyzer, factors affecting the process of photosynthesis, separation of
photosynthetic pigments by paper chromatography, process of root pressure by exudation
method and manometer, detection of certain essential micro and macro-mineral elements in
crop plants, process of aerobic respiration in germinated seed and alcoholic fermentation,
tropism and movement.
41
Paper – IV (FARM MACHINERY AND POWER)
Sources of farm power including non-conventional sources, farm mechanization, tillage,

primary and secondary tillage equipment, specialized tillage tools, seeding and fertilizer
machinery, specialized sowing and planting machine, inter culture equipment, plant
protection equipment, harvesting and threshing machinery, chaff cutter. Estimation of
operating cost of farm equipment. Basic engine types, parts of I.C. engine, working of
different engine systems, types of tractors, working of different tractor systems.
Practicals
Study and identification of parts of a country plough, mould board plough, disc plough and
different type of barrows, Study of seed-cum-fertilizer drill and its calibration. Study of
sugarcane and potato planter, identification of different plant protection equipment, study of
a tractor drawn reaper and different types of threshers. Identification of different types of
engines and their parts. Acquaintance of different system and controls. Tractors and practice
in tractor driving.
42
Paper – V (Farm Management and Natural Resources Economics)
Meaning, concept, objectives, nature and scope of farm management. Meaning and
definition of farm, structure and characteristics of farm business. Different types of farms
and factors determining types and size of farm. Basic principles of farm management factor
– factor and product-product relationships, law of equlmarginal returns and law of
comparative advantage. Meaning and concept of cost, types of cost and their importance in
farm management decision making. Concepts of farm returns. Farm business analysis and
various measures of efficiency. Importance of farm business records and accounts, inventory
balance sheet. Profit and loss accounts of farm. Status of farm inputs land, labour, capital.
Farm planning and budgeting meaning and importance of farm plan and farm budget, partial
and complete budgeting, formulation of farm plan and budget. Concept, subject matter and
importance of natural resources economics. Classification of natural resources and the basic
terms ecosystem, biomass, biosphere, reserves, rate of use, environment, pollution etc. and
concepts of natural resources of economics-ecology. Natural resources management and
conservation, issues in natural resource use of management the benefit cost approach to
natural resource problems. Time element in decision making and benefit cost analysis. The
basic theory of natural resource economics efficiency in private market economy,
externalities in natural resource use and alternative solution thereof, Important issues in
economics and management of land, water and forest resources and the environment.
Natural resources administration and policy formulation.
Practicals
Preparation of farm layout including determination of cost of fencing, application of
different farm management principles concerning resources allocation, determination of
most profitable level of an input use, least cost combination of inputs, optimum enterprise
combination through empirical data and computation. Application of cost principles in the
estimation of cost of crop and livestock enterprises and preparation of farm plan and
budget. Estimation of cost of cultivation of major important crops of the area. Collection
and analysis of relevant data on various natural resources in the country and review and
discussion of case studies. Methodology of economic analysis of project in the context of
natural resource projects.
43
Paper – VI (Fundamentals of Extension, Education and Rural Development)
Meaning, concept and process of extension education, objectives, principles and philosophy
of extension. History of extension work. Education-formal and non-formal. Components of
behaviour-knowledge, attitude, skills and motivation. Principles and steps in teaching
learning process, learning situation, Implications of teaching.
Concept need and steps in programme planning. Principles of programme planning,

programme planning process. Panchayati Raj Institute, reorganization and its role in
programme planning. Extension evaluation its meaning, principles, steps, techniques and
criteria. Critical analysis of various extension programme.
Meaning and importance of rural leadership, Types, selection and qualities, training of
leadership. Meaning of administration, public administration and extension administration.
Coordination and team work. Organization POSDCORB, organization and management of
NES and reorganized extension system. Rural development programme: an over view of CD
programme before 1952, agricultural/rural development programme ADP, LAAP, CADP,
HYVP, SFDA, hill area development programme, integrated tribal development project,
integrated dryland farming project, integrated child development scheme, IRDP, TRYSEM,
JRY, DWCRA, mahila uthan yojana, Sunishchit rojgar yojana. Role of voluntary organizations in
rural development, women in agriculture and rural development.
Practicals
Visit to block/extension training centre, acquaintance with university extension system,
study of rural development programmes in villages, evaluation of extension programme, visit
and study of Panchayati Raj Institution.
44
Paper – VII (Post Harvest Management & Processing of Fruits and Vegetables)
Importance of PHM for fruits and vegetable. Total production, consumption pattern and
Pest harvest losses in fruits and vegetables. Maturity and ripening process, biochemical
changes after harvesting, quality management for fresh marketing and processing. Storage of
fruits and vegetables – ambient, low temperature and controlled atmosphere storage system.
Packaging of fresh and processed products. Transportation system, mode of marketing,
sorting, grading and handling. Pretreatment of fresh produce for marketing and processing.
General principles and methods of preservation preparation of jam, marmalade, tomato
products pickles and chutney, drying fruits and vegetables, fruit beverages juices, squashes,
nectars, cordials, by products of fruits and vegetables processing industries such as vinegar,
cider. Canned fruits and vegetable products, frozen fruits and vegetables, government
policies regulation and specifications for fresh and processed products. Export promotion
agencies and their role in export of fresh and processed products.
Practicals
Determination of respiration rate and detection of post harvest disorders/diseases.
Marketing losses in fresh produce. Calculation of refrigeration lode for processing/storage.
Effect of packaging material/transport system on their quality. Preparation of jam, jellies,
chutneys/sauces, ketchup and pickles. Canning dehydration and freezing of fruits and
vegetables. Chemical analysis of fresh and processes products and visit to mandi, export
terminals and processing industries.
45
Paper – VIII (PRACTICAL CROPS PRODUCTION - I)
Complete Practical acquaintance relating to scientific production technique of major field

crops of the season including sowing weeding hoeing fertilizer and manure application,
harvesting etc.
46
B.SC. AGRICULTURE SEMESTER – VI
Paper – I (FARMING SYSTEM AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE)
Definition and concepts of farming system. Historical developments in farming system.

Farming systems in India based on cultivation system viz. shifting, regulated, semi-
permanent and permanent cultivation on rainfed and irrigated lands with perennial crops;
grazing systems, enterprise mix, resources, technology and orientation. The types of farming
system, geographical distribution, general characteristics including relevant case studies,
weaknesses as well as development path of each system. Concepts, importance, need and
indicators of sustainability. Ecological basis of sustainability/resource management. A profile
of Indian agriculture in terms of availability of natural resources and their carrying capacity,
demographic compulsions, increasing fuel and fodder needs, problems of soil health, land
degradation and conservation of natural resources including soil and water as part of
sustainable resource management. Maintenance of the production base in irrigated
agriculture. Modernization of agriculture and its relation with sustainability, natural resource
centered versus commodity led production system, low versus excessive external input
agriculture (LELA v/s HELA), necessity and limits of using external inputs in LELA with
particular references to artificial fertilizers, pesticides, improved seeds, irrigation and
mechanization and their implication on sustainability. Basic ecological principles of low
external input sustainable agriculture (LEISA), securing favorable soil condition for plant
growth, optimizing nutrient availability and cycling, managing flow of solar radiation, water
and air, exploiting complementarily, synergies and combining mixing crop, mixing livestock
and integrating crops and livestock including aquaculture, exploiting indigenous plants and
animals. Some promising LEISA techniques and practices – improved manure handling,
composting, green manuring and bio-fertilizers, crop residue management and strategic use
of mineral fertilizers. Mulching, wind breaks, water harvesting, tied ridging, strip cropping.
Permeable contour line barriers and water ponds. Practical Inter-cropping trap and decoy
crops, constructed traps, repellents, biological control and strategic used of pesticides in crop
and natural medicines in animal health care. Bio-intensive gardening, contour farming,
integrated crop livestock fish farming, integrated forage production and farmer – centered
techniques and practices thereof. Evaluation of constraint and optimization of farming
systems.
47
Paper – II (Conservation and Management of Soil and Water Resources)
Soil resources of India; distribution of waste land problem soils; water resources of India and
their utilization in crop production; soil tilth management and relationship with tillage; tilth
requirement of different crops; soil impedance layers and their improvement; management
of soil water energy state of water in soil and availability to plants; management of soil
moisture under different climates; water harvesting techniques, effect of water quality on soil
and plants; soil aeration problems and management; soil thermal regimes in relation to crops
and their optimization.
Recycling of agricultural and industrial organic wastes; wastelands and their management;
reclamation and management of acidic, saline and sodic soils, soil erosion; extent, type and
effects; soil conservation techniques, watershed mgt.; application of remote sensing for
assessment of soil and water resources.
Practicals
Evaluation of irrigation water quality using water quality indices such as pH, EC RSC and
SAR. Tensiometer and their use. Measurement of water holding and field capacities of soil.
Preparation of saturation paste and saturation extracts of salt affected soils. Determination
of pH, EC, Ca, Mg and Na in saturation extracts Measurement of infiltration rate of soil.
Determination of CaCO3 equivalent of liming material. Estimation of lime requirement of
acid soils and gypsum requirement sodic soils. Measurement of ODR and ER of soil.
Estimation of water stable aggregate in soil and field trip to study the problems and
management of soil and water resources.
48
Paper – III (ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURE)
Importance of ornamental gardening in human life, theory and practice of landscape and
formal garden for various places, identification, use of ornamental plants for the
beautification of private and public places, styles of gardens, formal, informal etc. landscape
and town planning, ornamental plants for rural and urban areas, indoor gardening, post
culture; bonsai, hanging baskets etc. Principles and practices involved in growing ornamental
annual and perennial plants, planning and layout of various parts of garden, herbaceous and
shrubbery borders, lilly pots, rock gardens etc. cultivation of important ornamental plants,
rose, gladiolus, chrysanthemum, tuberose, orchids, authurium, gerbera, dahlia, fern, palms,
cycades, cacti etc. Post harvest technology, project formulation and evaluation.
Practicals
Identification of ornamental plants, preparation, planting and care of lawn seed bed
preparation and sowing, potting and repotting of ornamental plants, training and pruning of
ornamental plants, cultural practices in important ornamental plants, bonsai culture, planning
and layout of gardens, project formulation use of flowers for different purpose, care and
maintenance of green house/polyhouse plants and arranging flower show, visit to nurseries
and florist centres.
49
Paper – IV (ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE)
Unit – I (BASICS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES)
Introduction to Environmental Sciences:

 Definition, scope and importance (the multidisciplinary nature of environmental
sciences)
 Need for public awareness on Environment, Role of individual in Environmental
protection
Natural Resources (Renewable and Non-renewable Resources):

 Natural Resource conservation: concepts
 Freshwater resources: use and over-exploitation of surface and ground water,
conflict over water, hydroelectric projects, problems, traditional methods of
harvesting of freshwater resources.
 Mineral resources: use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting mineral
resources, Lime stone quarrying in Uttaranchal
 Food resources: World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and
overgrazing, effect of modern agriculture, fertilizer operated problem, water logging,
salinity.
 Energy resources: Growing energy needs, renewable and non-renewable energy
sources, use of alternate energy sources.
 Land resources: Land as a resources, land degradation, landslides, soil crosion and
desertification.
Ecosystems:
 Concept, structure, and components of an ecosystem.
 Abiotic and biotic variables.
 Ecosystem function, trophic levels, energy flow, food chain, food web, Ecosystem,
homeostasis.
 Examples of ecosystems (aquatic: pond, lake, river)
 Terrestrial ecosystem: Forest, mountain
 Ecological succession.
50
Biodiversity and its conservation:
 Introduction:- Definition, genetic, species and ecosystem diversity.
 Bio-geographical classification of India
 Values of biodiversity: 5 Es (Esthetic (Aesthetic), Economic, Environment, Ethical,
Emotional.
 Biodiversity at global, national and local levels.
 India as a mega diversity nation, hot spots of biodiversity.
 Himalayan wildlife: Habital losspoaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts, and
conservation.
 Threatened categories as per IUCN.
 Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity.
Unit – II (APPLIED ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE)
Environmental Pollution:
 Definition, causes, effects and measures of Air pollution.
 Water pollution and thermal pollution.
 Marine pollution.
 Noise and radioactive pollution.
 Solid waste and their management (municipal, industrial (hazardous and non-
hazardous), problems of solid waste disposal in Uttaranchal and integrated Solid
Waste Management (ISWM).
 Environmental hazards in Himalayas (floods, river, blockades, cloud burst,
landslides, earthquakes).
Environmental problems and Environmental Protection:

 Anthropogenic and natural environmental problems.
 Environmental ethics; issues and possible solutions.
 Climate change, global warning: causes, effects and mitigation (national and
international efforts)
 Ozone layer depletion: causes, effects and mitigation. (national and international)
 Environmental Protection Act 1986
 Air (Prevention and Control of pollution) Act, Water (Prevention and control of
Pollution) Act.
 Wildlife Protection Act 1972
 Forest Conservation Act 1980
 The Biological Diversity Act 2002
 Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation, public awareness,
Article 48A and 51A
 Automobile Emission standards (Eco/Bharat), Ecomark
Human Population and the Environment:
51
 Population growth, variation among nations, population explosion Family Welfare
Programme.
 Environment and human health.
 Role of Information Technology in environment and human health.
Sustainable Development:
 Definition, concepts and currencies
 Sustainable development of agro-ecosystem (organic farming)
 Sericulture, floriculture, bee keeping
 Sustainable development of hydroenergy in Uttaranchal
 Traditional Ecological knowledge (TEK)
Field Work/Practicals
 Documentation of natural resources of local area (river, forest, lake, pond, mountain,
grassland)
 Visit to local polluted sites-urban/rural/industrial/agricultural
 Study of Common plants, birds and mammals
 Study of simple ecosystem (pond, river, lake, hill slopes, etc.)
 Visit to sanctuaries, national parks and biosphere reserves.
52
Paper – V (SILVICULTURE AND AGRO-FORESTRY)
Introduction basic terms, concepts and scope, national and global need, growth and
development of trees and forest stands growth and developmental stages and growth
measurements, factors affecting tree and stand growth, plant succession kinds and causes,
natural and artificial regeneration establishment and care of tree nurseries tending operations
cleaning, weeding, thinning, pruning and other cultural operation classification, regeneration
and crop characteristics of major Silvicultural systems, basic concepts of rotation, sustainable
yield management and multiple use, establishment of forest stands/crops and agroforestry-
selection and management of tree and crop species i.e. planting density, geometry and
Silviculture, comparison among various land uses-mixed farming, multiple cropping and
agroforestry, Interactions between components of agroforests for various resources and
productivity. Problems, choice and management of agro-forestry systems in various agro-
climatic zones.
Practicals
Identification and judging of tree species for their agro-forestry potentials, growth and
development stages of forest trees and shrubs, Qualification of growth (tree height,
diameter, volume and increment) in trees, forest types natural regeneration, seed collection,
storage and testing. Planning forest nurseries site preparation and planting, computation of
biological rotation in tree crop and tree crop interaction studies in agro forestry.
53
Paper – VI (SEED PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY)
Seed, its importance in green revolution difference between grain and seed, concept of seed
quality, steps involved in seed production. Seed technology, its objectives and its role in
increasing agriculture production. Seed industry in India. Development of seed programmes,
general principles of seed production. Seed replacement rate, multiplication rate, Breeder’s,
foundation and certified seed, maintenance of genetic purity, Nucleus and breeders seed
production of newly released and established varieties of self pollinated crops, viz, Rice,
Wheat Soybean/chickpea, Pigeonpea, Rapeseed and Mustard etc Maintenance of nucleus
and breeder’s seed in cross pollinated crop varieties, inbreds and non-inbreds, maintenance
of seed of established varieties. Foundation and certified seed production of maize inbreds,
single and double cross hybrids. Hybrid seed production of Sunflower, Sorghum, pearlmillet
and Rice using male sterility systems. Latest released hybrids of Maize, Sorghum, Bajra and
Rice their characteristic feature, seed production of Wheat, Rice, Oats, Soybean, Gram, Urd,
Moong, Sunflower, Pigeonpea etc. seed certification, its concepts, roles and goals, seed
certification ageneies, certified and truthfully labeled seeds. Seed processing, storage and
marketing, Miniumum seed certification standards for self and cross-pollinated crops. Field
and seed inspections objectives, general principles and methods, Seed sampling and seed
testing for analytical purity, varietal identification through electrophoreses, Grow out test
for cultivar purity, seed legislation and seed law enforcement including IPR, PBR in India,
Record developments in seed
Practicals
Seed production in major crops viz, Rice, Wheat, Soybean, pulses, Oil seeds, Maize,
Sunflower, Sorghum, Bajra and Forage crops, Seed testing approaches and techniques in
cereals, pulses, oilseeds and other crops.
54
Paper – VII (PRACTICAL CROPS PRODUCTION - II)
Complete Practical acquaintance relating to scientific production technique of major field of

the season crop(s) including sowing weeding, hoeing, fertilizer and manure application,
harvesting etc.
55
B.SC. AGRICULTURE SEMESTER – VII
Paper – I (GENERAL ECONOMICS)
Nature, scope and subject matter of economics, approaches to economic analysis and nature
of economic theory, basic terms and concepts; law of demand, determinants of demand,
price, cross price and income elasticity of demand and their applications; law of diminishing
marginal utility and principle of equi-marginal utility, consumer’s equilibrium and derivation
of demand curve; factors of production and input-output relationships, law of variable
proportions and laws of scale; cost concepts, law of supply, determinants of supply, elasticity
of supply; firm’s equilibrium and market equilibrium in short run and long run; features of
perfectly competitive market, price determination under perfect competition, basic features
of monopoly, duopoly, oligopoly and monopolistic competitionl meaning of distribution,
factor market and pricing of factors of production.
Importance of national income, concepts of national income, approaches of measuring

national income, difficulties and limitations of national income accounting; importance of
population studies, determinants of population, theories of population; barter system of
exchange and its problems, classification of money and concepts of money supply, quantity
theory of money. GPT, inflation, deflationl role of bank money in modern economy, types
of banks and their function, credit creation by commercial banks, functions of central bank
and instruments of credit control, current changes in banking; concept of economy and
economic system, basic feature of capitalistic, socialistic and mixed economic systems,
elements of economic planning; international trade, its need and importance, theories of
absolute and comparative advantage, exchange rate, TOT, BOP, devaluation of infancy,
recent developments in world trade.
Special characteristics of agriculture and its role in economic development, agricultural

planning and development in the country. Role of women in Indian Agriculture.
56
Paper – II (BREEDING AND IMPROVEMENT OF FARM ANIMALS)
Reproductive systems of farm animals. Qualitative and quantitative inheritance and effect of
environment on them. Various qualitative and quantitative traits of livestock. Weinberg law,
variation, its measures, genetic, phenotypic and environmental variances. Heritability and
repeatability, its measurement and uses. Selection its genetic effect, selection for dominant
and recessive gene and quantitative traits, selection differential, response to selection,
generation interval and annual rate of gain. Genetic correlation and correlated response.
Basic of selection, individual, family, progeny, pedigree and combined selection. Methods of
selection for one or more traits random, independent culling level and selection index.
Inbreeding its consequences, inbred lines, line breeding, inbreeding, coefficient and
relationship coefficient, out breeding – various types of our crossing and cross-breeding,
species hybridization and development of new breeds.
Practicals
Computation of mean, variance, standard deviation, correlation and regression coefficients,
inbreeding coefficients and relationship coefficient in economic traits of livestock, estimation
of gene frequency, repeatability and heritability in animal population.
57
Paper – III (PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL NUTRITION)
Introduction to expanding field of nutrition, chemical composition of animal and its food,
digestive systems and processes of farm animals. Digestion, absorption and metabolism of
carbohydrates, lipids and proteins in protein content in various classes of feeds. Concept of
essential amino acids for non-ruminants and protein quality of feeds. The absorption and
metabolism of essential minerals and vitamins; symptoms of their deficiencies; minerals and
vitamin content of various classes of feeds. The nutritive evaluation of feeds for energy and
protein, digestibility of feeds values of feeds, nutrient requirements of farm animals for
maintenance, growth reproduction and lactation. Growth stimulating substances.
Practicals
Study of plant cell, forages and fodders, cereals, cereal offals and oil cakes, animal, avain and
marine offals, mineral and vitamin supplements and other feed additives. Least cost ration
formulation, proximate analysis of feed samples for moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude
fibre, ash, acid insoluble ash and nitrogen free extractive. Formulation of ration for cattle,
buffaloes, sheep, goat, swine and poultry.
58
Paper – IV (ELEMENTS OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY)
Scope and importance of food technology in Indian economy. Handling, transportation and
storage of food grains, fresh milk, meat, fish and eggs; physical, chemical and nutritional
characteristics of food grains – fresh meat, fish, milk and eggs; role of milling and size
reduction in food processing; Use of low temperatures in processing and storage of food
grains, fresh milk, meat, fish and eggs; Drying and dehydration of food grains and
concentration and evaporation of milk; Food fermentations and their application in food
processing. Role of food additives in the processing of food grains, milk, meat, fish, eggs and
their products; Food irradiation and its application in extending shelf life of food grains,
meat, fish, eggs and their products; Food packaging and its functions; By product’s
utilization and disposal of food industry wastes; quality control, total quality assurance
(TQA) and various systems of TQA.
Practicals
Milling of wheat and rice and testing quality of milled products; baking of bread, biscuits and
cakes; physical and chemical properties of milk, separation of cream and ghee making,
preparation of chhena, paneer, khoa, ice cream and cottage cheese. Slaughtering of poultry
and pickling of culled meat, Preparation of meat kabab and patties. Evaluation and
preservation of fresh eggs, Visit to food industries.
59
Paper – V (HUMAN FOOD AND NUTRITION)
Trends in food production and consumption in India. Role of agricultural scientists and
food technologist in meeting national nutritional requirements.
Definition of human nutrition, nutrient, nutritional care, health, nutritional status and good
nutrition. Food and its functions and functional classification. Calorific value of foods and
its measurement. Digestion and absorption of various nutrients present in foods. Energy and
nutrient needs of human body. Recommended dietary allowances for various age groups and
classes of individuals. Common nutritional problems in India and their causes. Specific
nutritional deficiencies and disorders including protein calorie malnutrition, nutritional
anaemias, vitamin deficiencies, obesity, atherosclerosis. Clinical symptoms and diagnosis of
deficiency disorders. Important food groups and their role in the management of deficiency
disorders and diseases. Food habits and their effect on regional balance. Balanced diet and its
formulation.
Food bome infections and food hygiene. Effect of processing on the nutritional value of
foods. Applied nutritional programme in country, nutritional policies of government. Food
fortification, enrichment and restoration, supplementary feeding programmes for vulnerable
groups. State, national and international agencies dealing with nutritional programmes.
Practicals
Determination of proximate composition, pH, acidity, minerals and vitamins (B”BI, and C)
in foods. Detection of adulteration in various foods. Determination of calorific value of
foods and formulation of balanced diets. Microbiological analysis of foods (SPC, coliform,
and yeast and mould count). Signs of malnutrition in animals. Diagnosis of nutritional
deficiency disorders in human being.
60
Paper – VI (SOIL TAXONOMY, SOIL SURVEY AND REMOTE SENSING)
Types of soil survey, morphological, physical and chemical properties used in distinguishing
and classifying soils. Principles of soil taxonomy, classification system. Soils of India and
their classification. Advantages of taxonomic classification of soils.
Remote sensing introduction, definition, concept, principles, importance, scope, types,

merits and demerits and its application in agriculture and soil classification.
Practicals
Field visit and practice of judging soil texture by feel method; examination of soil profile.
Study of base maps used for soil survey, village or cadastral maps, topographic maps, aerial
photographs and use of stereoscope, satellite imagery. Examination of soil properties of
some important soils of India. Aerial photographs, adjustment of stereoscope. Area
estimation of eroded land from F.C.C. (False colour composite). Visit of Remote Sensing
application centre/soil survey organization.
61
Paper – VII (Production Technology of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants)
Importance and scope of medicinal and aromatic plants, geographical distribution of species,
botanical description, management of nurseries, climate and relation to medicinal and
aromatic plants, improved varieties, soil and land preparation, intercultural practices,
irrigation and insect-pest management, post harvest techniques, harvesting processing,
storage and herbage/constituent yield. The following medicinal and aromatic plants shall be
covered.
Medicinal Plants: Sarpagandha, poppy, sadabahar, digitailis, dioscora, solanum, brahmi,

isabgol, senna, aloe, neem, cinchona and Ipecac.
Aromatic Plants: Essential oils: Mints-menthol mint, pepper mint, Spearmint, bergamot mint;
Aromatic grasses lemon grass, palmarosa, citronella, vetiver; Ocimum, geranium, pachauli,
dill (Sowa), Cinamon, pine, eucalyptus, sandalwood, liquorice
Flower perfume: lavender, rose, rosemary, jasmine
Practicals
Identification and preparation of herbarium, techniques of sowing/planting, study of
morphological and chemical characteristics, yield, techniques for quality analysis and visit to
related research institution/drug farms and pharmaceutical industries involved in the
cultivation and processing of medicinal and aromatic plants.
62
B.SC. AGRICULTURE SEMESTER – VIII
RURAL AGRICULTURAL WORK EXPERIENCE
Each student will have a choice to opt any of the four components given below. He/she will
submit his/her work in form of a report and present the results in the seminar. The work
will be evaluated internally in which seminar will be of 50% marks of the total.
i. Agro-based Industries – Seed processing plants and industries, fruit preservation

industries, food processing industries etc.
ii. Plant clinics
iii. NGO
iv. Socio economic studies
v. Apiculture
vi. Sericulture
vii. Mushroom Cultivation
viii. Attachment with agriculture Departments
ix. Attachment with Agriculture research institutes/organizations/agencies.
63

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B.SC.

AGRICULTURE (4 YEARS COURSES)

B.SC. AGRICULTURE (4 YEARS COURSES)

Grand Total Credits

PAPER – I (ELEMENTARY STATISTICS)

PAPER – II (AGRICULTURE METEOROLOGY)

PAPER – III (COMPUTER APPLICATION)

PAPER – IV (STRUCTURAL AND SPOKEN ENGLISH)

Structural patterns of communicative grammar; modern usages; functional language disorder

PAPER – V (ANY ONE UNIT OF THE FOLLOWING)

PAPER – V (ANY ONE UNIT OF THE FOLLOWING)

Introduction to the living world, diversity of life, characteristics of life, system of

PAPER – V (ANY ONE UNIT OF THE FOLLOWING)

Determinants: Matrices, matrix addition and matrix multiplication, transpose of matrix,

PAPER – VI (PRINCIPLES OF AGRONOMY)

PAPER – VII (RURAL SOCIOLOGY AND EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY)

PAPER – I (FUNDAMENTALS OF SOIL SCIENCE)

PAPER – II (FUNDAMENTALS OF HORTICULTURE)

PAPER – III (ELEMENTARY PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY)

PAPER – IV (WEED MANAGEMENT)

Introduction: Definition, costs to society from weeds, classification of weeds. Ecology of

PAPER – V (ELEMENTS OF GENETICS)

History: Pre mendelian and post-Mandelian concepts of heredity, mendelian principles of

PAPER – VI (INTRODUCTORY ENTOMOLOGY)

PAPER – VII (INTRODUCTORY PLANT PATHOLOGY)

PAPER – VIII (MICROBIOLOGY)

PAPER – I (VEGETABLE PRODUCTION)

Importance of vegetables in human nutrition and national economy, factors effection

PAPER – II (IRRIGATION WATER MANAGEMENT)

PAPER – III (PRINCIPLES OF PLANT BREEDING & BREEDING OF FIELD CROPS)

Crop systematic, species relationship, floral biology and inheritance of economically

PAPER – IV (SOIL FERTILITY AND NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT)

Chemistry of soil nitrogen- Nitrogen cycle, mineralization and immobilization, properties

PAPER – V (AGRICULTURE MARKETING & INTERNATIONAL TRADE)

PAPER – VI (FIELD CROPS 1 (KHARIF))

Origin, geographic distribution, economic importance, soil and climatic requirement,

Origin geographical distribution, economic importance, soil and climatic requirements,

Cooperation- Meaning, significance under Indian agricultural conditions, objectives

Place of livestock in the national economy, efficient livestock development programme of

First record of cultivated edible fungi, definition of mushrooms, present scenario of

An introduction to plant physiology, plant cell an introduction, laws of thermodynamics,

Sources of farm power including non-conventional sources, farm mechanization, tillage,

Concept need and steps in programme planning. Principles of programme planning,

Complete Practical acquaintance relating to scientific production technique of major field

Definition and concepts of farming system. Historical developments in farming system.

Introduction to Environmental Sciences:

Natural Resources (Renewable and Non-renewable Resources):

Unit – II (APPLIED ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE)

Environmental problems and Environmental Protection:

Human Population and the Environment:

Complete Practical acquaintance relating to scientific production technique of major field of

Importance of national income, concepts of national income, approaches of measuring

Special characteristics of agriculture and its role in economic development, agricultural

Remote sensing introduction, definition, concept, principles, importance, scope, types,

Medicinal Plants: Sarpagandha, poppy, sadabahar, digitailis, dioscora, solanum, brahmi,

Flower perfume: lavender, rose, rosemary, jasmine

i. Agro-based Industries – Seed processing plants and industries, fruit preservation

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