Textile Desizing Techniques PDF

DESIZING
Introduction
 Desizing is the process of removing the size material
from the warp yarns in woven fabrics. It is the first
chemical action in the wet process sequence. Size
scrutiny should be performed in order to set desizing
conditions suitable for the sizes.
 It is necessary to desize the cloth; otherwise
hydrophobicity of wax and tallow hinder the subsequent
dyeing and printing processes.
Objectives Of Desizing
 To eliminate the water repellent nature of sized cloth.
 To increase the absorbency.
 To reduce the consumption of chemicals in subsequent

process.
Desizing Methods
 Enzymatic Desizing
 Oxidative Desizing
 Acid Steeping/Desizing
 Rot Steeping
 Desizing with hot caustic soda treatment
 Hot washing with detergent
 Removable of water soluble sizes
 Atmospheric Plasma Desizing
Desizing Methods Evaluation
 The most commonly used methods for cotton are

Enzymatic Desizing and Oxidative Desizing.
 The other methods may cause in the degradation of

cotton cellulose and are less efficient for the removal
the starch sizes.
Enzymatic Desizing
 The hydrolysis of starch using enzymes under particular

concentration, temperature and duration is called
enzymatic desizing.
 Enzymatic desizing is the most widely experienced

method to desize the starch.
Common Problems in Enzymatic Desizing
 Incomplete desizing
 It occurs due to inadequate enzyme, improper desizing bath

temperature, insufficient fabric pick up and poor enzyme
activity.
 Uneven desizing (length-width-random ways)
 Causes of uneven desizing are uneven pressure & pick-up, non-

uniform chemical concentration in bath, poor wetting agent,
foaming in bath and non uniform washing.
Advantages & Disadvantages
 Advantages:
 No usage of aggressive chemicals: No damage to the
fiber.
 Wide variety of application processes.
 Disadvantages:
 Lower additional cleaning effect towards other
impurities.
 No effect on certain starches (e.g. tapioca starch).
Oxidative Desizing
 It is used to remove non-starchy sizes that don’t
dissolve in water.
 A variety of oxidants can be applied after padding the

fabric in a concentration of 3 to 5 g / l basic solution of
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and steam for 2 to 3 minutes.
 The advantages of oxidative desizing are supplementary

cleaning effect, effectiveness for tapioca starches but
oxidizing agents may damage to fibres.
Acid Desizing
 Cold solutions of dilute sulphuric acid (H2SO4) or
hydrochloric acid (HCl) are utilized to degrade starch
and other sizes.
 However this method has also disadvantage of bad

affecting the cellulosic fibre in cotton fabrics.
Removable of water soluble sizes
 Fabrics having water soluble sizes can be desized by

washing using hot water for 10 hours in holding tanks.
 The water replaces the size on the outer surface of the

fibre, and absorbs within the fiber to remove any size
residue.
Lye (Caustic Soda) Desizing
 In this method fabric containing starch would be

expanded under the hot solution of sodium hydroxide
(caustic soda - NaOH).
 Caustic soda dissolves starch and form layer, can be
separated.
 Padding the fabric in alkali and stacked under 60 ~ 80
for 6 to 12 hours, the desizing process can be
finished.
Hot washing with detergent
 When water-soluble PVA is used as sizing agent in
weaving, no desizing is necessary.
 Light detergent about 3-5 g/l at 95-1000 C for 20-30

minutes is enough to remove the size material.
 They can be removed by treating with a solution

containing 2-3 g/l nonionic dete3rgent and 1-2 g/l
caustic soda at 80-900 C.
Rot Steeping
 The cloth is first passed through padding mangle in
warm water (at 400C) and cloth is squeezed. Cloth is
finally washed with water
 Disadvantage is it is lengthy and time consuming

process.
Atmospheric plasma desizing
 This method has recently been explored is the use of
atmospheric pressure plasma treatment as an aid in
desizing process.
 Plasma treatments can both remove some PVA sizing

and significantly improve percent desizing ratio (PDR)
by washing.
 Advantage of this new technique includes no damage to

fabric and its tensile strength.
Some Desizing Agents
 Ecolase LT
 Finozyme - DX
 Finocon – FBOL
 Enzyme GT
Desizing Efficiency Test
 Desized fabric is symmetrically analyzed to determine

uniformity and thoroughness by taking sample to be
weighed.
 The results are compared with a well sized fabric in the
lab.
 Iodine tests are then conducted on the fabric cooled
down to room temperature.
 Tegewa scale rating then tells whether the desized
fabric is desized up to how much extent.

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DESIZING

 To eliminate the water repellent nature of sized cloth.

 To increase the absorbency.

 To reduce the consumption of chemicals in subsequent

 The most commonly used methods for cotton are

 The other methods may cause in the degradation of

 The hydrolysis of starch using enzymes under particular

 Enzymatic desizing is the most widely experienced

 It occurs due to inadequate enzyme, improper desizing bath

 Uneven desizing (length-width-random ways)

 Causes of uneven desizing are uneven pressure & pick-up, non-

 A variety of oxidants can be applied after padding the

 The advantages of oxidative desizing are supplementary

 However this method has also disadvantage of bad

 Fabrics having water soluble sizes can be desized by

 The water replaces the size on the outer surface of the

 In this method fabric containing starch would be

 Light detergent about 3-5 g/l at 95-1000 C for 20-30

 They can be removed by treating with a solution

 Disadvantage is it is lengthy and time consuming

 Plasma treatments can both remove some PVA sizing

 Advantage of this new technique includes no damage to

 Desized fabric is symmetrically analyzed to determine

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