Unidad 6: Passive Voice: Pasive Voice Activo Pasivo

Resumen nivel 6
UNIDAD 6: PASSIVE VOICE

1) We often use the passive voice when it’s not said, known or important who does the
action.
Ejemplo: andy’s bike has been stolen (alguien robo la bicileta de andu pero no sabemos
quien)
2) If you want to say who did the action use BY
 We can often say things in two ways m active or passive
 We form negatives and questions in the same way as in active sentences.
Pregunta : is your car being repared today?
Negacion: some films aren’t shot on location.
 We often use the passive to talk about the process , and in formal writing , such as
newspapers reports.
EJEMPLOS:
Passive : Batman was directed by Nolan (el foco esta en la pelicula)
Active : Nolan directed Batman begins 2003
PASIVE VOICE
ACTIVO PASIVO
presente simple is/are/am + verbo 3 columna
pasado simple was/were+ verbo 3 columna
presente continuo is/are/am + BEING+ verbo 3 columna
pasado continuo was/were+BEING+ verbo 3 columna
presente perfecto has/have+BEEN+verbo 3 columna
pasado perfecto had BEEN+ verbo 3 columna
GOING TO is/are/am+ going to BE+ verbo 3columna
WILL will BE +verbo 3 columna
INFINITIVO TO BE+ 3 columna
GERUNDIO BEING+ 3 columna
MODALS VERBS may/might/must/can +BE+ 3 columna
infinitivos gerundios
beside enjoy
forget finish
hope go on
learn like
need love
offer hate
don't
plan mind
pretend spend
promise start
remmembe
r stop
start feel like
try
wanted
would be
MODALS OF DEDUCTION : MIGHT , CAN’T , MUST

MIGHT/MAY : when you think some is possibility true
CAN’T : When you are sure something is impossible / not true
MUST: When you are sure something is TRUE
 We often use might/may, can’t or must to say how sure or certain we are about
something (based on the information we have)
 We don’t use can instead or might/may.
 In this context the opposite must is can’t and not MUSN’T
 We can use could instead might in positive sentences. (jack could (or might) be at the
party –I’m not sure)
 We often use BE+GEROUND after might/must/can’t. (they must be having a party –the
music very loud)
EJEMPLOS:
o Tony’s phone is swiched off. He might be on the plane now or just boarding.
o Laura might not like that skirt. It’s not really her style.
o Nigel can’t earn much money in his job. He’s still living with his pearents.
o The neighbours must be out, There aren’t any lights on in the house.
FIRST CONDITIONAL AND FUTURE CALUSES +WHEN/UNTIL, ETC
If+present simple, will/won’t+infinitive
o We use first conditional sentences to talk about possible future situation and it’s
consequences.
o We use the present tense (NOT THE FUTURE) after IF in first conditional sentences.
o We can use UNLESS instead IF NOT in conditional sentences.
Ejemplo: she won’t into university unless she gets good grades/ if she doesn’t get a good
grades.
Future time clauses:

o we use the present tense (NOT THE FUTURE) after WHEN, AS SOON AS , UNTIL , BEFORE ,
and AFTER to talk about the future.
Ejemplos:
-As soon as you get your exam results, call me.
-we will have dinner when your father gets home.
-I won’t go to bed until you come home.
-after I finish university I will probably take a year off and travel.
SECOND CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

If+past simple, would/wouldn’t+infinitive
o we use second conditional to talk about a HYPOTETHICAL/IMAGINARY present or future
situation and its consequence. (IF I HAD A JOB, I’M IMAGINING IT)
o we use the past simple after IF, and WOULD/WOULDN’T +Infinitive in the other clause.
o We can also use COULD instead of WOULD in the other clause
o After IF we can use WAS/WERE with I/HE/SHE.
o We often use second conditionals beginning IF I WERE YOU, I WOULD…. To give an advice.
DIFERENCIAS ENTRE FIRST AND SECOND CONDITIONALS.

FIRST SECOND
If I have time , I will help you If I had time , I would help you
En el FIRST, se habla de una situacion REAL, que es POSIBLE.
En el SECOND, se habla de algo hipotético, o IMAGINARIO. (si yo tuviera/podría/tendría)
Would/wouldn’t + INFINITIVE : we also use would/wouldn’t +infinitive (sin el if) when we

talk about imaginary situations.
Ejemplo: -My ideal holiday would be a week in the Bahamas
-I would never bou a car as big as yours.
REPORTED SPEECH:
o We use reported speech to report what sameone said.
o When the reporting verb (said , told) is in the past tense , the tenses in the sentence which
is being reported usually change like this:
REPORTED SPEECH
PRESENTE REPORTADO
presente simple (am/is /are) pasado simple (was/were)
pasado simple (was/were) pasado perfecto (had +verbo 3 columna)
presente perfecto (has/have 3columna) pasado perfecto (had +verbo 3 columna)
pasado perfecto (had+verbo 3 col) pasado perfecto (had +verbo 3 columna)
presente continuo (is/are/am + verbo+ing) pasado continuo (was/were+verbo+ing)
pasado continuo (was/were+verbo+ing) pasado perfecto continuo (had been+verbo+ing)
have/has been had been
WILL would
would would
can could
could could
may might
must had to
When tenses don’t change:

-when you report what sameone said very soon after they said it , the tenses often stay the same
as in the original sentence.
Ejemplo:
ADAM: “ I cant come tonight”-
I’ve just spoken to Adam and he said that he can’t come tonight
-Some modal verbs change

-you usually change the pronouns.
-If you report what someone said on a different day or in a different place, some other time and
place words can change
direct speech reported speech

now then, at that time
today that day, on Sunday, yesterday
tonight that night, last night, on Sunday night
tomorrow the next day/ the following day, on Sunday, today
yesterday the day before/ the previous day, on Sunday
last night the night before/ the previous night, on Sunday night
this week that week, last week
last month the month before/ the previous month, in May
next year the following year, in 2014
two minutes ago two minutes before
in one hour one hour later
Verbs and nouns:
verbs nouns
compensat compensatio
e n
demostrat demostratio
e n
explain explanation
achieve achievement
agree agreement
argue argument
attach attachment
pay payment
choose choice
complain complaint
deliver delivery
lose loss
respond response
sell sale
suceed success

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Resumen nivel 6

UNIDAD 6: PASSIVE VOICE

Pregunta : is your car being repared today?

Negacion: some films aren’t shot on location.

Passive : Batman was directed by Nolan (el foco esta en la pelicula)

Active : Nolan directed Batman begins 2003

MODALS OF DEDUCTION : MIGHT , CAN’T , MUST

Future time clauses:

-As soon as you get your exam results, call me.

-we will have dinner when your father gets home.

-I won’t go to bed until you come home.

SECOND CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

DIFERENCIAS ENTRE FIRST AND SECOND CONDITIONALS.

En el SECOND, se habla de algo hipotético, o IMAGINARIO. (si yo tuviera/podría/tendría)

Would/wouldn’t + INFINITIVE : we also use would/wouldn’t +infinitive (sin el if) when we

Ejemplo: -My ideal holiday would be a week in the Bahamas

-I would never bou a car as big as yours.

When tenses don’t change:

ADAM: “ I cant come tonight”-

-Some modal verbs change

direct speech reported speech

Verbs and nouns:

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