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Internship Project Title HARIHARAN P

Project Title DESIGN A INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY DRIVEN FRAME WORK
FOR VEHICULAR MASS CUSTOMISATION
Name of the Company TCS iON
Name of the Industry Mentor Mr. RAJ SHAH
Name of the Institute KARPAGAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

PROJECT SUMMARY:
Start Date End Date Total Effort (hrs.) Project Environment
06.05.2020 27.07.2020 210 Online
Project Synopsis:
The theoretical system, and the overall framework of the C2B model and give a detailed case study of
the industrial landing of the C2B in the automotive industry.

Solution Approach:
Open and networked manufacturing belongs to the M side of C2M2S, and the main task is to
implement flexible manufacturing based on custom-made products on the platform (M) when the
requirements are matched with the order. The open and networked manufacturing framework for fast
response of customer demand is mainly focused on product R&D design, plan production, flexible
manufacturing, and logistics distribution and after sale.
Assumptions:
The research methods of this article are system engineering and case analysis. It gradually deduces the
implementation path of transformation from B2C to C2B.
It should be explained that the case study in thisarticle is an upgrade and extension on the basis of the
case of the paper called ‘‘constructing product service system (PSS) from a perspective of continuously
improved customization model based on CPMS,’’ which was submitted to a journal, but it has not been
published online yet. This case in the paper is more detailed and thorough to analyze the various stages
of the implementation of the C2B in the automotive industry.
Project Diagrams:
Figure 1-page no.11
Figure 2-page no.14
Algorithms:
Genetic algorithm, machine learning, and other AI methods
Outcome:
Customers visible to see the assembly process of their own cars in the cloud.
Exceptions considered:
Through visual tracking of vehicle status, customers can find problems in the manufacturing process
and participate in the design and production from the customer’s point of view, so as to improve
product satisfaction.
Enhancement Scope:

the main technology and methods such as networking, large data, and information technology are
applied to the whole link of the improved C2B. Future prospects of C2B are as follows: the application
of artificial intelligence method and technology in four aspects of improved C2B mode, such as speech
recognition, computer vision, natural language processing, knowledge intelligence,swarm intelligence,
crossmedia intelligence,78 hybrid enhanced intelligence,and autonomous unmanned intelligence.

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TCS iON Remote Internship Project Report

On

Mass Customisation in Automotive Industry

Design an Innovative Technology driven Framework for Vehicular Mass Customisation.

By
HARIHARAN P

Under the Guidance of

Ms. SARANYA L
Academic Guide
&
Mr . RAJ SHAH
Industry Mentor

KARPAGAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Myleripalayam Village, Othakkal Mandapam Post, Coimbatore - 641032, Tamilnadu, India
Year 2020 – 2021

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ABSTRACT
With the continuous improvement of living standards, customers are gradually pursuing products
which are individualization,entertainment, and scene. The production model of the enterprise has
changed from the traditional inventory model to the manufacturing model driven by the customer
orders. By analyzing the evolution process of customer to business, we get the overall framework
of customer to business based on customer platform-connecting manufactory platformconnecting
service. A case study in the automotive industry is introduced, which takes customer to business
as the implementation of enterprise strategy. The detailed implementation process is discussed
from the four aspects of open and networked demand for personalized customer (C), open and
networked manufacturing (M), open and networked service (S),open and networked
collaborative platform (P). The objective of this project is to provide general references for
enterprises to change from traditional business-to-customer model to open and interconnected
customization model by combining the improved customer-to-business framework and its
application in automotive industry. The framework we put forward has achieved good results in
related customer-to-business projects we participated in. The research results of this project can
be used as a reference for enterprises to design, set, and carry out the model of customer to
business.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to thank TCS iON

And Mr. RAJ SHAH
support to this research.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER CONTENTS PAGE

NO.
1 The national industrial strategy about customizedmanufacturing model

2 The requirements of customized manufacturing in the automobile

industry

3 An industrial precedent for exploring the C2B model

4 Open and networked manufacturing (M)-CASE STUDY

5 Conclustion
6 References

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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE DESCRIPTION PAGE
NO. NO.
1 Evolution of C2B 11
2 Customers can see the assembly process of their own cars in the 14
cloud.

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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

The national industrial strategy about customizedmanufacturing model

 In 2011, ‘‘industry 4.0’’ was put forward at the Hannover Industrial Expo in Germany. The
German national strategy was promoted by the German Academy of engineering, the Fraunhofer
Association, the SIEMENS company, and other academics and industries.The strategy put
forward that the transformation of production model is from mass production to mass
Customization production and fully meet the personalized needs.
 In 2012, GE company in the United States proposed industrial Internet: based on industrial
Internet, it promoted real-time connection and intelligent interaction between machine,
machinecontrol platform, enterprise upstream and downstream and proposed a mass
customization production model based on flexible production line. The core of the industrial
Internet is Cyber Physics System (CPS), including the information network in the factory and the
information network connected to the external large-scale system.
 The reference framework for IIC is IIRA (Industrial Internet Reference Architecture), which
includes four levels of business perspective, use perspective, functional perspective, and
realization perspective. Among them, from business perspective, it emphasizes business model
innovation based on stakeholder value.
 In 2015, China’s State Council officially issued ‘‘manufacturing in China 2025.’’4 The strategy
emphasizes that the global manufacturing structure is facing major adjustments, including
network
 crowdsourcing, collaborative design, mass customization, precision supply chain management,
full life
 cycle management, electronic commerce, and so on.They are reshaping the value chain system of
the industry.
 In 2016, in China, more than 100 units such as industry, information and communication
industry, Internet, and other fields jointly launched the Alliance of Industrial Internet (AII).5 AII
has released the industrial Internet architecture and has defined the business application
innovation of enterprises and it is based on customization model.
 In December 2016, IVI (Industrial Value Chain Initiative), based on the existing foundation of
domestic manufacturing industry, introduced the basic architecture of the intelligent factory:
IVRA (Industrial
 Value Chain Reference Architecture),6 which promoted the development of intelligent
manufacturing and model innovation.

From the rapid development of the information era of the world, from the national industrial strategy, we
can see that consumers are increasingly seeking personalized and experiential products, and the
competitiveness of enterprises has gradually shifted from mass manufacturing to mass customization.
This model innovation is transformed from the previous B2C (business-to-customer) model to the
consumer’s personalized demand and the reverse customized C2B (customer-to-business) model.
Therefore, it has broad application prospects for the research of C2B theory system and framework.

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CHAPTER 2
The requirements of customized manufacturing in the automobile industry
In the industrial Internet environment, the automobile industry is constantly exploring in the
transformation and upgrading, such as manufacturing model innovation, intelligent
interconnected vehicle, automatic driving, mass customization based on customer’s personalized
demand, intelligent production, and business process reengineering based on C2B.
The transformation and upgrading requirements of the automobile industry in the industrial
Internet environment are as follows:
(1) Open and networked demand for personalized customization of car buyers and the demand
for Internet cars is increasing: with the arrival of the era of consumption upgrading, consumers
are no longer satisfied with the serious mechanical production of homogenization, and the
demand for personalized customization is increasing.
(2) Open and networked manufacturing systems of the automobile industry need to be
established: the world economy has entered a new normal state, and the transformation and
upgrading of the automobile industry coincides with the context of the present structural reform
and the consumption upgrading of the supply side. The automotive industry needs to transform
from mass production to mass customization which is open, networked, and flexible. Atthe same
time, car buyers are also pursuing the online experience of intelligent Internet vehicle demand.
(3)Open and networked service ecosystem of the automobile industry needs to be stablished: the
automobile industry is in urgent need of the innovation and business process reengineering of the
intelligent and mass customization model and constantly create a brand new service ecosystem in
automobile industry driven by customers to meet the diversified needs of the customers and lead
the future car life.
(4) Open and networked collaborative platform of the automobile industry needs to be
established in the era of intelligent Internet, ‘‘manufacturing’’ will upgrade to ‘‘intelligent
manufacturing.’’ The traditional B2B (business to business) and B2C will turn to C2B by an
open and networked collaborative platform. Facing the opportunities and challenges brought by
the intelligent Internet, enterprises are adjusting and innovating.
Therefore, for the automotive industry, the competitive advantage of mass production model
based on large-lot production is not large. It is urgent for enterprises to aim at the product value
defined by the customer and how to make the customer get the online experience service based
on the intelligent Internet platform. Combined with the existing research and Participation of the
C2B project, the overall framework of C2B is put forward, and it is implemented and landed in
the automobile industry to make reference for other automobile enterprises in the transformation
of custom model, which includes open and networked demand for personalized customer (C),
open and networked manufacturing (M), open and networked service (S), open and networked
collaborative platform (P). Based on the improved C2B framework, the objective of this project
is to study the implementation and application path of the automotive industry from the
traditional inventory based B2C model to the open and networked customization model. Under
this model, enterprises can improve the flexible production capacity of production line, reduce
inventory, reduce the OTD (order to delivery) of raw materials supply, reduce the CPS (cost-

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persale) of product market, improve the modular configuration of products, and so on, on the
basis of traditional model. Through this case analysis, it can provide reference for the planned
and step-by-step implementation of C2B in automobile industry. Under this model, enterprises
can improve the flexible production capacity of production line, reduce inventory, reduce the
OTD of raw materials supply, reduce the CPS of product market, improve the modular
configuration of products, and so on, on the basis of the traditional model.
The following organizational structure of this project is research background, requirement
analysis of C2Bmodel, literature review, the concept and evolution of C2B, an improved overall
framework of C2B, a detailed case study of C2B in the automobile industry, and conclusions.

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CHAPTER 3

An industrial precedent for exploring the C2B model

At present, many enterprises have been exploring the C2B model, such as household appliances, home
furnishing, clothing, food, and other industries:
1. Household electrical appliance industry: BOSCH Co. develops and produces the first custom fridge
based on Jing-dong intelligent small station. Haier Group Co. makes smart home appliances, supporting
the customization of various products such as air conditioners, water heaters, washing machines.
2. Home furnishing industry: Home-Koo corporation delivery according to customer demand for
personalized customized furniture. Fu-An-Na corporation introducing the C2B model into the custom
furniture market, to provide one-stop home solutions for customers. DIMA corporation carries out online
customization services, supports consumers according to the different environments of the bedroom with
its own esthetic, special custom of shower room size, shape, and so on.
3. Clothing industry: in order to get rid of the plight, Qingdao Red Group Co. realizes the transformation
of the traditional garment industry to upgrade and creates a classic business platform of clothing
customization.
4. The food field: together with WAL-MART and China Engineering Laboratory, IBM uses IBM block
chain to build a new model to achieve transparency and auditor function of food supply chain.
Through the analysis of the C2B model of the industrial case, we have known that the C2B model is
already landed in the relatively simple structure of the industry, such as electronics, household appliances,
clothing,home furnishing. In the automobile industry, Geely Group Co. can make the first online sale of a
customizable version of the car by cooperating with the necessary business city in order to meet the
personalized needs of users. Although the C2B application in the relatively complex Automotive industry
is developing, it still has less application in the industry of complex products, such as in the aerospace
industry, the sea industry and ship industry, and so on. It is mainly restricted by the complex product
manufacturing system. In addition, the applications of these industries are mostly in the primary
exploration stage of C2B applications, and the guidance and improvement of scientific theoretical
knowledge are also needed.
Therefore, the research and application of C2B model in automobile industry is very few. In the case
study of C2B at the end of this project, the automobile enterprise promotes C2B strategy and has become
the first automobile company to implement intelligent model of C2B. ‘‘D90’’ has become the first
product developed and designed by users in automobile history. More than 30 thousand users are
interacting with the platform to get suggestions.
C2B model
C2B model is a business model for customizing production according to the needs of the consumers. C2B
is the reverse process of the traditional mode B2C, and in which, customer consumption is not according
to factory inventory. The evolution of C2B has gone through
(1) B2C stage, (2) C2B (C2B based on e-commerce) stage,(3) C2B2M-MC (customer to business to
manufactory based on mass customization) stage,(4) C2B2M-MP (customer to business to manufactory
based on mass personalization) stage, (5) C2M (customer to manufactory) stage, (6) CPM (customer
platform-connecting manufactory) stage,and (7) CPMPS (customer platform-connecting manufactory
platform-connecting service) stage.

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The evolution and characteristics of C2B are shown in Figure 1

(1) The traditional manufacturing model is B2C model, and customers purchase products according to
enterprise inventory. (2) B2C model is developed to C2B mode based on e-commerce. Customers are
aggregating demand on e-commerce platform to form group-buying order, and enterprises arrange
production accordingly. (3) C2B e-commerce model is developed to C2B2M-MC model. Customers can
not only pay attention to the commercial sales of products (B side), but also extend to the product
manufacturing (M), such as product manufacturing status query, order quality traceability. The first
model of C2B2M is C2B2M-MC, which is based on mass customization. In this model, the customization
of the product is relatively simple. So, the enterprise provides limited options for the customer to choose,
and the custom initiative is still in the hands of the enterprise. (4) The C2B2M-MC model is developed to
the C2B2M-MP model. The customization degree of products is higher. Customers can customize
products according to individual needs, and the initiative of product customization is changed from
enterprises to customers. (5) The C2B2M model is developed to the C2M model. Enterprises have
removed the commercial sales link (Bend), and customers directly face factories, saving the cost of
distributors and multi-level sales agents. At the same time, customers can participate in design,
manufacturing, and other manufacturing processes. (6) The C2M model is developed to the CPM model.

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Customers and factories are connected by industrial Internet platform based on industrial big data.The
platform includes interactive platform, custom configuration platform, networked and collaborative
platform within and outside the enterprise. (7) The CPM model is developed into the CPMPS model. The
content of CPM model should be supplemented as service (S) link, including the content of Industrial
Product-Service System (IPSS), experience service for customer (S). Comparison and evolution of
differenent models of C2B.

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CHAPTER 4
A case study in automobile industry

Open and networked manufacturing (M)

Open and networked manufacturing belongs to the M side of C2M2S, and the main task is to implement
flexible manufacturing based on custom-made products on the platform (M) when the requirements are
matched with the order. The open and networked manufacturing framework for fast response of customer
demand is mainly focused on product R&D design, plan production, flexible manufacturing, and logistics
distribution and after sale.
1. The network innovation of R&D design. It includes collaborative innovation design of open ecology,
modular development method based on network collaboration, and customizationbased process design.
On the basis of the original modular development method in the enterprise, the elements of the industrial
Internet are injected, which is aiming at the long period of pain point in the development of products,
splitting the complex products, and recruiting developers according to modules from the global resources.
2. The network innovation of planned production.User-centered, real-time manufacturing plan is
established according to customer order. The order completion time is adjusted according to the
bargaining price of customers, so as to achieve the optimal production scheduling. The order based on
C2B model mainly includes customer order, large customer order, dealer order, outsourcing order, order
of automobile host factory, order of sales company, and so on. The constraints of scheduling optimization
include material constraint, caking constraint, distance constraint, and so on. The optimization objectives
are optimization of color switching, optimization of product category handover, and Jobs Per Hour (JPH)
maximization.
3. Flexible production and production based on modularization and visualization. By building a multi-
platform collinear production system and reliable and perfect error proofing system, we can achieve
efficient lean manufacturing. A multi-platform mixed production system is built to achieve personalized
and standard parts production with optimized color and model handover. In the production process,
enterprises open the manufacturing process and nodes for customized customers. As an example of the
automobile industry, the assembly video of the vehicle is provided for the custom user. It can be used to
trace the assembly problem, and the customer can view the assembly process of its own car in the cloud.
As shown in Figure 2, the customers of the vehicle numbered SV91EV79 can see that the assembly
schedule in 23 November is the paint phase, and the vehicle’s status video can be seen after clicking.
As shown in Figure 2, customers can watch the production process of the car they have purchased online
in real time through the interactive system implemented by enterprises. Customers can also see different
production processes resulting from customized cars with different functions. Through visual tracking of
vehicle status, customers can find problems in the manufacturing process and participate in the design and
production from the customer’s point of view, so as to improve product satisfaction.

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4. The network innovation of logistics distribution. Genetic algorithm, machine learning, and other AI
methods are applied to optimize the trajectory of intelligent vehicle. It realizes the intelligent production
logistics distribution by visual logistics and driver online matching method. The network innovation of
after-sales service. It includes electronic shopping mall and after-sale integration experience, providing
users with free selection of spare parts function to achieve rapid response to demand and manufacturing.
Accessories Electronic Mall is directly connected with accessories suppliers and customers, providing
customers with standard accessories and free choice of personalized accessories services. The rapid
response mode of accessories realizes the precise and quick matching of parts, and the response is
shortened to 3 s. In this section, although it is also around the life cycle of automobile manufacturing, it is
different from the traditional B2C model. It is mainly manifested in the flexible production of customized
orders for customers and is open and networked. For example, in the R&D stage, besides the digital
product design and simulation of the enterprise itself, it also includes recruiting community users for
design according to the module. That is to say, design is open, social and considers the needs of
customers. In the manufacturing stage, enterprises are still customizing orders for customers, organizing
flexible production, and adjusting orders according to customers’ bargaining price.

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CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION

In this project, we study the evolution process, the theoretical system, and the overall framework of the
C2B model and give a detailed case study of the industrial landing of the C2B in the automotive industry.
The main contributions of this project are as follows: (1) the existing research has put forward the concept
of C2B, but only in the original electronic business model. In this project, we extend it to the industry and
make the idea of customization throughout the whole manufacturing process. (2) The research results of
the C2B framework in this project have been submitted to China personalized customization alliance as a
reference. (3) In this project, a set of conceptual systems based on C2B, such as B2C, C2B, C2B2M,
C2M, CPM, CPMPS, has been abstracted from the existing research on customization. This is conducive
to the distinction between scholars in the stage of the study of customized production. (4) The research
results of this project have made great achievements in the enterprise, and the enterprise is the first and
only commercial vehicle in the world to carry out the C2B strategy. (5) This project based on a case of
automobile, from the industrial landing angle is deduced the feasibility of C2B, and promote sustainable
manufacturing ecosystem, such as sustainable demand, sustainable design, sustainable production and
sustainable supply chain, sustainable services. These are the innovation of model technology, and
management. It is the direction of enterprise transformation and upgrading, and has certain application
value. The existing research on customization model is mainly from the perspective of product life cycle,
such as customized needs of customer productdesign production customization supply chain industrial
service in customization model. However, there is less research on further customization model based on
CPMPS in the Internet and intelligent manufacturing environment. The proposed improved C2B model
not only runs through the whole life cycle of the product, but also integrates the existing social resources
within and outside the enterprise. Taking the ecosphere of the whole customization model as the research
object, this project studies the open and networked cooperation of customers, enterprises, suppliers, and
external resources. In academia, scholars can clearly see the evolution process of customization model in
this project. In industry, especially in the automotive industry, enterprises can advance orderly step by
step according to the implementation path of the improved C2B framework. However, as mentioned
before, C2B is a complex and huge project. Our research on it is still at a preliminary stage of exploration,
and more efforts are needed. In this project, the main technology and methods such as networking, large
data, and information technology are applied to the whole link of the improved C2B. Future prospects of
C2B are as follows: the application of artificial intelligence method and technology in four aspects of
improved C2B mode, such as speech recognition, computer vision, natural language processing,
knowledge intelligence,swarm intelligence, crossmedia intelligence, hybrid enhanced intelligence,and
autonomous unmanned intelligence.

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CHAPTER 6
REFERENCES

1. Liao Y, Deschamps F, Loures EDFR, et al. Past, present and future of Industry 4.0—a systematic
literature review and research agenda proposal.
Int J Prod Res 2017; 55: 3609–3629.
2. Lade P, Ghosh R and Srinivasan S. Manufacturing analytics and industrial Internet of Things.
IEEE Intell Syst 2017; 32: 74–79.
3. Li JQ, Yu FR, Deng G, et al. Industrial Internet: a survey on the enabling technologies, applications,
and challenges.
IEEE Commun Surv Tut 2017; 19: 1504–1526.
4. Li C, Ramakrishna S and Singh S. A review of digital manufacturing-based hybrid additive
manufacturing processes.
Int J Adv Manuf Tech 2018; 95: 2281–2300.
5. Mou HW and Jin LI. The construction strategy study of new industrial eco system based on Internet+.
Telecom
Eng Tech Stand 2017; 6: 8–11.
6. Uchihira N, Ishimatsu H and Inoue K. IoT service business ecosystem design in a global, competitive,
and collaborative environment.
In: Portland international conference on management of engineering and technology, Honolulu, HI, 4–8
September 2017, pp. 1195–1201. New York: IEEE

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