Entrepreneurship is the ability and readiness to develop, organize and run a business

enterprise along with any of its uncertainties in order to make a profit. The most prominent
example of entrepreneurship is the starting of new businesses.
Studying entrepreneurship benefits students and learners from different social and economic
backgrounds because it teaches people to cultivate unique skills and think outside the box.
Moreover, it creates opportunity, instills confidence, ensures social justice and stimulates the
economy.
Benefits:

Learning from An Early Age

Adopt Practical And Learning Ways
Creating Thought Leaders

A business plan is a written description of your business's future. That's all

there is to it--a document that describes what you plan to do and how you plan
to do it. If you jot down a paragraph on the back of an envelope describing
your business strategy, you've written a plan, or at least the germ of a plan.

 A good business plan follows generally accepted guidelines for both form and
content. There are three primary parts to a business plan:

 The first is the business concept, where you discuss the industry, your
business structure, your particular product or service, and how you plan to
make your business a success.
 The second is the marketplace section, in which you describe and
analyze potential customers: who and where they are, what makes them
buy and so on. Here, you also describe the competition and how you'll
position yourself to beat it.
 Finally, the financial section contains your income and cash flow
statement, balance sheet and other financial ratios, such as break-even
analyses. This part may require help from your accountant and a good
spreadsheet software program.

Breaking these three major sections down even further, a business plan consists
of seven key components:

1. Executive summary
2. Business description
3. Market strategies
4. Competitive analysis
5. Design and development plan
6. Operations and management plan
7. Financial factors
Four types of Entrepreneurship

1. Small Business Entrepreneurship

Small businesses are grocery stores, hairdressers, consultants, travel agents, internet commerce
storefronts, carpenters, plumbers, electricians, etc. They are anyone who runs his/her own business.
They hire local employees or family. Most are barely profitable. Their definition of success is to feed
the family and make a profit, not to take over an industry or build a P100 million business. As they
can’t provide the scale to attract venture capital, they fund their businesses via friends/family or
small business loans.

2. Scalable Startup Entrepreneurship

Unlike small businesses, scalable startups are what Silicon Valley entrepreneurs and their venture
investors do. These entrepreneurs start a company knowing from day one that their vision could
change the world. They attract investment from equally crazy financial investors – venture
capitalists. They hire the best and the brightest. Their job is to search for a repeatable and scalable
business model. When they find it, their focus on scale requires even more venture capital to fuel
rapid expansion.
Scalable startups in innovation clusters (Silicon Valley, Shanghai, New York, Bangalore, Israel, etc.)
make up a small percentage of entrepreneurs and startups but because of the outsize returns,
attract almost all the risk capital (and press.)

3. Large Company Entrepreneurship

Large Company – EFELarge companies have finite life cycles. Most grow through sustaining
innovation, offering new products that are variants around their core products. Changes in customer
tastes, new technologies, legislation, new competitors, etc. can create pressure for more disruptive
innovation – requiring large companies to create entirely new products sold into new customers in
new markets. Existing companies do this by either acquiring innovative companies or attempting to
build a disruptive product inside. Ironically, large company size and culture make disruptive
innovation extremely difficult to execute.

4. Social Entrepreneurship
Social entrepreneurs are innovators who focus on creating products and services that solve social
needs and problems. But unlike scalable startups their goal is to make the world a better place, not
to take market share or to create to wealth for the founders. They may be nonprofit, for-profit, or
hybrid.

UCSP
This subject uses insights from Anthropology, Political Science, and Sociology to develop students’
awareness of cultural, social and political dynamics, and sensitivity to cultural diversity; provide them
with an understanding of how culture, human agency, society and politics work; and engage them in the
examination of the country’s current human development goals. At the end of the course, students
should acquire ideas about human cultures, human agency, society and politics; recognize cultural
relativism and social inclusiveness to overcome prejudices; and develop social and cultural competence
to guide their interactions with groups, communities, networks, and institutions.

Defining Culture and Society from the perspectives of anthropology and

sociology

1. Society as a group of people sharing a common culture

2. Culture as a “‘that complex whole which encompasses beliefs, practices,

values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge, and everything
that a person learns and shares as a member of society.” (E.B. Tylor 1920
[1871]).

3. Aspects of Culture

a. Dynamic, Flexible, & Adaptive

b. Shared & Contested (given the reality of social differentiation)

c. Learned through socialization or enculturation

d. Patterned social interactions

e. Integrated and at times unstable

f. Transmitted through socialization/enculturation

g. Requires language and other forms of communication

4. Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism as orientations in viewing other

cultures

Drrr

Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction. This course focuses on the

application of scientific knowledge and the solution of practical
problems in a physical environment. It is designed to bridge the gap
between theoretical science and daily living.
Disaster risk reduction (DRR) is a systematic approach to identifying, assessing and reducing
the risks of disaster. It aims to reduce socio-economic vulnerabilities to disaster as well as
dealing with the environmental and other hazards that trigger them.

Vulnerability describes the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or

asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard. There are many aspects
of vulnerability, arising from various physical, social, economic, and environmental factors.
Examples may include:

 poor design and construction of buildings, 

 inadequate protection of assets,
 lack of public information and awareness,
 limited official recognition of risks and preparedness measures, and
 disregard for wise environmental management. 

Vulnerability varies significantly within a community and over time. This definition identifies
vulnerability as a characteristic of the element of interest (community, system or asset)
which is independent of its exposure. However, in common use the word is often used more
broadly to include the element’s exposure.

The above explanation was taken from the United Nations (UN) International Strategy for Disaster
Reduction (ISDR) Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction. Follow the link to look up other
terminologies.

There are four (4) main types of vulnerability:

1. Physical Vulnerability may be determined by aspects such as population density levels,
remoteness of a settlement, the site, design and materials used for critical infrastructure
and for housing (UNISDR).

Example: Wooden homes are less likely to collapse in an earthquake, but are more
vulnerable to fire.

2. Social Vulnerability refers to the inability of people, organizations and societies to

withstand adverse impacts to hazards due to characteristics inherent in social interactions,
institutions and systems of cultural values. It is linked to the level of well being of
individuals, communities and society. It includes aspects related to levels of literacy and
education, the existence of peace and security, access to basic human rights, systems of
good governance, social equity, positive traditional values, customs and ideological beliefs
and overall collective organizational systems (UNISDR).

Example: When flooding occurs some citizens, such as children, elderly and differently-able,
may be unable to protect themselves or evacuate if necessary.

3. Economic Vulnerability. The level of vulnerability is highly dependent upon the

economic status of individuals, communities and nations The poor are usually more
vulnerable to disasters because they lack the resources to build sturdy structures and put
other engineering measures in place to protect themselves from being negatively impacted
by disasters. 

Example: Poorer families may live in squatter settlements because they cannot afford to live
in safer (more expensive) areas.

4. Environmental Vulnerability. Natural resource depletion and resource degradation are

key aspects of environmental vulnerability.

Example: Wetlands, such as the Caroni Swamp, are sensitive to increasing salinity from sea
water, and pollution from stormwater runoff containing agricultural chemicals, eroded soils,
etc.

What is Risk

Risk (or more specifically, disaster risk) is the potential disaster losses (in terms of lives,
health status, livelihoods, assets and services) which could occur to a particular community
or a society over some specified future time period. (Reference UNISDR Terminology)

It considers the probability of harmful consequences, or expected losses (deaths, injuries,

property, livelihoods, economic activity disrupted or environmentally damaged) resulting
from interactions between natural or human induced hazards and vulnerable conditions. 

Risk can be calculated using the following equation: Risk = Probability of Hazard x Degree of
Vulnerability.

There are different ways of dealing with risk, such as:

Risk Acceptance: an informed decision to accept the possible consequences and likelihood
of a particular risk.

Risk Avoidance: an informed decision to avoid involvement in activities leading to risk

realization.

Risk Reduction refers to the application of appropriate techniques to reduce the likelihood

of risk occurrence and its consequences.

Risk Transfer involves shifting of the burden of risk to another party. One of the most
common forms of risk transfer is Insurance.

PE
Physical Education Aquatics (PEAQ)
 The purpose of the Physical EducationActivity Program is to offer students an
instructional program that utilizes physical movement as the primary educational
medium. This program provides opportunities for the student to learn and improve
physical skills.
Sports and recreational activities that take place in or on water.
 water polo. Sport played in a pool with two teams of seven opposing players who
attempt to score points at the opposite goal using a ball. ...
 diving. ...
 swimming. ...
 sailing. ...
 canoe-kayak: whitewater. ...
 rowing and sculling. ...
 canoe-kayak: flatwater racing. ...
 water skiing.