01-Introduction To Graphic-1 PDF

01- Introduction to graphics
• Raster graphics
• Vector graphics
• Introduction of What is computer graphics and
explain main category of computer graphic,
• Identify main difference between Raster and vector

graphics
• Advantages and disadvantage of using Raster and

Vector graphics
Graphic design: Graphic design is a creative profession that has become vital to
business and media all over the world. Art directors and graphic designers, who
must have hands-on abilities in the fine art sdrawing, painting or sculpture and
strong computer expertise, use advanced hardware and software to create
advertisements, packaging, promotional materials, Internet projects and other
vehicles that allow businesses and manufacturers to visually display their products
and services.
Computer Graphics: Computer graphics is an exciting creative profession that has
transformed the fields of television, film, animation and the Internet. Computer
graphics specialists produce new and traditional media content that reflects the
emergence of developing technologies such as universal broadband access.
Computer Graphics professionals combine expertise in advanced computer
hardware and software with a strong sense of aesthetic vision, creativity and artistic
skill.
Mainly Computer Graphic divided in to two main categories as Raster Graphics and
Vector graphics
• Raster graphics
Raster graphics, also called bit-map graphics, a type of digital image that uses
tiny rectangular pixels, or picture elements, arranged in a grid formation to
represent an image. Because the format can support a wide range of colours and
depict subtle graduated tones, it is well-suited for displaying continuous-tone
images such as photographs or shaded drawings, along with other detailed
images.
Bitmap images are resolution dependent. Resolution refers to the number of

pixels in an image and is usually stated as dpi (dots per inch) or ppi (pixels per
inch).
• Raster graphics
Pixel
Zoom 200% Zoom 400%
Pixel
It has specific color value and Location
Location
X-10
y Y-10
color value
10 R= 80
B=110
G=10
0 10 x
Pixel
7
• Raster graphics
Because bitmaps are resolution dependent, it's difficult to increase or decrease
their size without sacrificing a degree of image quality. When you reduce the size
of a bitmap image through your software's resample or resize command, you
must throw away pixels. When you increase the size of a bitmap image through
your software's resample or resize command, the software has to create new
pixels. When creating pixels, the software must estimate the color values of the
new pixels based on the surrounding pixels. This process is called interpolation.
Raster Graphic Programs
• Adobe Photoshop
• Corel Photo Paint
• Ms Paint
• Photo Studio
• Raster graphics
Advantage of Raster Graphics
• Bitmaps are very easy to create. Take a picture with a digital camera, or scan
something in, and you’ve got one.
• Bitmaps are fairly simple to output, as long as your RIP or printer has
sufficient memory.
• They are very cost effective. You can take a picture or scan in a drawing, and
easily show it on the Internet or send in an email.
• A bitmap image uses solid color pixels, which can be identified and recolored
easily.
• The geographic location of each cell is implied by its position in the cell
matrix. Accordingly, other than an origin point, e.g. bottom left corner, no
geographic coordinates are stored.
• Raster graphics
Disadvantages of Raster Graphics
• They are not upward scalable. You can make a bitmap smaller without to
much loss, but you cannot make it larger without loosing quality. If you ever
see a bitmap image blown up, you’ll notice it has little individual squares or
dots that make up the image. When you see it at its optimal size you don’t
notice the individual dots, but if you try to make it bigger, the image become
fuzzy, jaggy or pixelated.
• Another disadvantage of bitmap images is that they require higher

resolutions and anti-aliasing for a smooth appearance.
• The bmp file has been created by Microsoft and ibm and is therefor very
strictly bound to the architecture of the main hardware platform that both
companies support.
•
• Vector graphics
Vector Graphics are quite different from the bitmaps. Vector graphics are made
of pixels, instead mathematical formulas called “lines and curves” form shapes
that in turn make up a vector graphics. In this case the computer therefore does
not read a list of coloured dots but it look up at the mathematical formula that
creates these shapes.
Vector graphics are the graphical representation of geometrical entities such as
circles, rectangles or segments. You can enlarge the vector images as much as
you want, you will never see a single pixel.
Vector images are represented by mathematical formulae. A few examples are

as follows:
• A rectangle is represented by two dots.
• A circle by a centre and a radius
• A curve by several points and an equation
The computer processor will translate these mathematical calculations into such
an information that a can be interpreted by the graphics card.
.
• Vector graphics
Vector Graphic Programs
• Adobe Illustrator
• Corel Draw
• Free hand
• Flash
• Vector graphics
Advantage of Vector Graphics
• The most important and obvious plus point of vector graphic is their power of
scalability. If you try to enlarge a bitmap image, your computer can only
enlarge the size of the squares making up the image area. On the other hand
the vector images remain smooth because your computer merely re-
computes the coordinates of the points and adjusts the vector equation
constants.
• Each set of lines in a vector image represent separate and distinct objects.
therefore every object can be re-edited at any time.
• Vector graphics are much smaller in size than the bitmap image format.
• Vector graphics
Disadvantage of Vector Graphics
• Drawings containing trapping information can only be scaled up to 20 percent

larger or smaller.
• Thin lines may disappear if a vector drawing is reduced too much.
• Small errors in a drawing may become visible as soon as it is enlarged too

much.
• Bitmap
• Raster
• Vector
• Pixel
• Resolution
• Interpolation
• trapping
Raster Vector
•Pixel Base Image •Mathematical define Line, Curves

,Fills
•Resolution Depend •Resolution In depend
•Jagged edged •Sharpe edged
•When enlarged quality will lose •When enlarged quality will not lose
• To edit a photo what will be the best
I. Corel Draw
II. Photoshop
III. Illustrator
IV. Ms Paint
• To edit design a logo what are the software to choose

I. Photoshop
II. Illustrator
III. Ms Paint
• http://graphicssoft.about.com/od/aboutgraphics/a/bitmapvector_2.htm
• http://www.zicara.com/techbytes/web-design/vector-images

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01- Introduction to graphics

• Identify main difference between Raster and vector

• Advantages and disadvantage of using Raster and

Bitmap images are resolution dependent. Resolution refers to the number of

Zoom 200% Zoom 400%

Raster Graphic Programs

• Another disadvantage of bitmap images is that they require higher

Vector images are represented by mathematical formulae. A few examples are

Vector Graphic Programs

Disadvantage of Vector Graphics

• Drawings containing trapping information can only be scaled up to 20 percent

• Thin lines may disappear if a vector drawing is reduced too much.

• Small errors in a drawing may become visible as soon as it is enlarged too

•Pixel Base Image •Mathematical define Line, Curves

•Resolution Depend •Resolution In depend

•Jagged edged •Sharpe edged

• To edit design a logo what are the software to choose

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