PA31-350 POH For Operational Training Only

CHIEFTAIN
PA-31-350
PILOT'S
OPERATING
ouPUC~Tt HANDBOOK
AND
FAA APPROVED
AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL
AIRPLANE AIRPLANE
SERIAL 3 1 8 1 52 1 53 REGIST. NG. _ _ _ _ _ _ __
PA-31-350 A ~/ 4'. /
REPO RT: LK-1208 FAA AP PROVE D BY: -!-A(;~~N~~~J'f.4~~~~~~=»,!#,(A.~~!!!!!!JllIIIIIIIII!'~
D. H. TROMPLER ,
D.OA NO. SO-2
DATE OF APPROVAL: PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION
SEPTEMBER 14, 1979 LAKELAND, FLORIDA
FAA APPROVED IN NORMAL CATEGORY BASED ON CAR 3 AND FAR PART 21,
SUBPART J. THIS DOCUMENT INCLUDES THE MATERIAL REQUIRED TO BE
FURNISHED TO THE PILOT BY CAR 3 AND FAR PART 21, SUBPART J AND
CONSTITUTES THE APPROVED AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL AND MUST BE CARRIED
IN THE AIRPLANE AT ALL TIMES.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 1 GENERAL
SECTION 2 LIMITATIONS
SECTION 3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES
SECTION 5 PERFORMANCE
SECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE
SECTION 7 DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION OF

THE AIRPLANE AND ITS SYSTEMS
,
SECTION 8 AIRPLANE HANDLING, SERVICING
AND MAINTENANCE
SECTION 9 SUPPLEMENTS
SECTION 10 OPERATING TIPS
REPORT: LK-1208
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 1
GENERAL
Paragraph Page
No. No.
1.1 Introduction................................................................................. 1-1
1.3 Engines ....................................................................................... 1-3
1.5 Propellers .................................................................................... 1-3
1.7 Fuel............................................................................................. 1-4
1.9 Oil............................................................................................... 1-4
1.11 Maximum Weights...................................................................... 1-4
1.13 Standard Airplane Weights ......................................................... 1-5
1.15 Baggage Space............................................................................ 1-5
1.17 Specific Loadings ....................................................................... 1-5
1.19 Symbols, Abbreviations and Terminology................................. 1-7
REPORT: LK-1208
l-i
PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 1
PA-31-350, CHIEFTAIN GENERAL
SECTION 1
GENERAL
1.1 INTRODUCTION
This Pilot's Operating Handbook is designed for maximum utilization

as an operating guide for the pilot. It includes the material required to be
furnished to the pilot by C.A.R. 3 and FAR Part 21 Subpart J. It also
contains supplemental data supplied by the airplane manufacturer.
This handbook is not designed as a substitute for adequate and

competent flight instruction, knowledge of current airworthiness directives,
applicable federal air regulations or advisory circulars. It is not intended to
be a guide for basic flight instruction or a training manual and should not be
used for operational purposes unless kept in a current status.
Assurance that the airplane is in an airworthy condition is the

responsibility of the owner. The pilot in command is responsible for
determining that the airplane is safe for flight. The pilot is also responsible
for remaining within the operating limitations as outlined by instrument
markings, placards, and this handbook.
Although the arrangement of this handbook is intended to increase its

in-flight capabilities, it should not be used solely as an occasional operating
reference. The pilot should study the entire handbook to familiarize himself
with the limitations, performance, procedures and operational handling
characteristics of the airplane before flight.
The handbook has been divided into numbered (arabic) sections each
provided with a "finger-tip" tab divider for quick reference. The limitations
and emergency procedures have been placed ahead of the normal
procedures, performance and other sections to provide easier access to
information that may be required in flight. The Emergency Procedures
Section has been furnished with a red tab divider to present an instant
reference to the section. Provisions for expansion of the handbook have
been made by the deliberate omission of certain paragraph numbers, figure
numbers, item numbers and pages noted as being intentionally left blank.
ISSUED: SEPTEMBER 14, 1979 REPORT: LK-1208

1-1
SECTION 1 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION
GENERAL PA-31-350, CHIEFTAIN
f------U'1.5lI"
229
24.20
29.25
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THREE VIEW
Figure 1-1
REPORT: LK-1208 ISSUED: SEPTEMBER 14, 1979

1·2 REVISED: NOVEMBER 18, 1983
PA·31·350, CHIEFTAIN GENERAL
1.3 ENGINES
(a) Number of Engines 2

(b) Engine Manufacturer Lycoming
(c) Engine Model Number
(I) Left TIO-540-J2BD
(2) Right LTIO-540-J2BD
(d) Rated Horsepower 350
(e) Rated Speed (rpm) 2575
(f) Bore (inches) 5.125
(g) Stroke (inches) 4.375
(h) Displacement (cubic inches) 541.5
(i) Compression Ratio 7.3:1
(D Engine Type Six Cylinder, Direct Drive, Fuel Inj.,
Turbocharged, Horizontally Opposed, Air Cooled
1.5 PROPELLERS
(a) Number of Propellers 2

(b) Propeller Manufacturer Hartzell
(c) Blade Model
(1) Left FC8468-6R
(2) Right FJC8468-6R
(d) Number of Blades 3
(e) Hub Model
(1) Left HC-E3YR-2ATF
(2) Right HC-E3YR-2ALTF
(f) Propeller Diameter (inches)
(\) Maximum 80
(2) Minimum 78
(g) Propeller Type Feathering Constant Speed,
Hydraulically Actuated
ISSUED: SEPTEMBER 14, 1979 REPORT: LK·1208

1·3
1.7 FUEL
AVGAS ONLY
(a) Fuel Capacity (U.S. gal) (total) 192

(b) Usable Fuel (U.S. gal) (total) 182
(c) Fuel Grade Aviation*
(I) Minimum Octane 1001130 - Green
(2) Specified Octane 1001130 - Green
100 - Green
100 LL - Blue
(3) Alternate Fuels** 115/145 - Purple
Refer to Lycoming Service
Instruction 1070, Revision
J or later.
1.9 OIL
(a) Oil Capacity (U.S. quarts) (each engine) 12

(b) Oil Specification Refer to latest issue
of Avco-Lycoming Service Instruction 1014.
(c) Oil Viscosity per Average
Ambient Temp. for Starting Refer to
Section 8, Paragraph 8.23.
1.11 MAXIMUM WEIGHTS
(a) Maximum Ramp Weight (lbs) 7045

(b) Maximum Takeoff Weight (lbs) 7000
(c) Maximum Landing Weight (lbs) 7000
(d) Maximum Weights in Baggage Compartments (lbs)
(\) Forward (Nose) 200
(2) Aft 200
(3) Nacelle Compartment (each) ISO
* Anti-icing additive per MIL-I-27686 is approved for use in the above

fuels in the amount by volume of 0.15% maximum. (See Section 8 for
blending and handling procedures.)
** Alternate fuels refers to military grade with 4.6 ml of TEL. See Section
8.25 concerning use of alternate fuel grades.

1-4 REVISED: MAY 4, 1984
1.13 STANDARD AIRPLANE WEIGHT*
(a) Standard Empty Weight (lbs): Weight of a

standard airplane including unusable fuel,
full operating fluids and full oil. 4319
(b) Maximum Useful Load (lbs): The difference'
between the Maximum Ramp Weight and
the Standard Empty Weight.

2726 I
1.15 BAGGAGE SPACE
FORWARD AFT NACELLE
(a) Compartment Volume

(cubic feet) 14 22 13.25 (ea.)
(b) Entry Width (inches) 26.5 27.5** 20
(c) Entry Height (inches) 20 47 40
1.17 SPECIFIC LOADINGS
(a) Wing Loading (Ibs per sq ft) 30.6

(b) Power Loading (Ibs per hp) 10.0
* These values are approximate and vary from one aircraft to another.
'_ Refer to Figure 6-7 for the Basic Empty Weight value and the Useful Load
value to be llsed for C.G. calculations for the aircraft specified.
** Aft cargo entry width is increased to 45 inches when optional cargo door
is installed.

REVISED: NOVEMBER 18, 1983 1-5
1.19 SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY
The following definitions are of symbols, abbreviations and

terminology used throughout the handbook and those which may be of
"---- .. added operational significance to the pilot.
(a) General Airspeed Terminology and Symbols
CAS Calibrated Airspeed means the indicated

speed of an aircraft, corrected for position
and instrument error. Calibrated airspeed
is equal to true airspeed in standard
atmosphere at sea level.
KCAS Calibrated Airspeed expressed in Knots.
GS Ground Speed is the speed of an airplane

relative to the ground.
lAS Indicated Airspeed is the speed of an

aircraft as shown on the airspeed indicator
when corrected for instrument error. lAS
values published in this handbook assume
zero instrument error.
KIAS Indicated Airspeed expressed in Knots.
M Mach number is the ratio of true airspeed

to the speed of sound.
TAS True Airspeed is the airspeed of an airplane

relative to undisturbed air which is the
CAS corrected for altitude, temperature
and compressibility.
VA Maneuvering Speed is the maximum

speed at which application of full available
aerodynamic control will not overstress the
airplane.
VFE Maximum Flap Extended Speed is

the highest speed permissible with wing
flaps in a prescribed extended position.
GENERAL PA.31.350, CHIEFTAIN
Maximum Landing Gear Extended

Speed is the maximum speed at which an
aircraft can be safely flown with the
landing gear extended.
Maximum Landing Gear Operating

Speed is the maximum speed at which
the landing gear can be safely extended
or retracted.
YMCA Air Minimum Control Speed is the

minimum !light speed at which the airplane
is directionally controllable as determined
in accordance with Federal Aviation
Regulations. Airplane certification
conditions include one engine becoming
inoperative and windmilling; not more
than a 50 bank towards the operative
engine; takeoff power on operative engine;
landing gear up; !laps in takeoff position;
and most rearward e.G.
VNE/MNE Never Exceed Speed or Mach

Number is the speed limit that may not be
exceeded at any time.
Maximum Structural Cruising Speed

is the speed that should not be exceeded
except in smooth air and then only with
caution.
Stalling Speed or the minimum steady

flight speed at which the airplane is
controllable.
VSO Stalling Speed or the minimum steady

flight speed at which the airplane is
controllable in the landing configuration.
VSSE Intentional One Engine Inoperative

Speed is a minimum speed selected by the
manufacturer for intentionally rendering
one engine inoperative in night for pilot
training.
REPORT: LK·1208 ISSUED: SEPTEMBER 14, 1979

1·8
Vx Best Angle-of-Climb Speed is the airspeed

which delivers the greatest gain of altitude
in the shortest possible horizontal distance.
Vy Best Rate-of-Climb Speed is the airspeed

which delivers the greatest gain in altitude
in the shortest possible time.
(b) Meteorological Terminology
ISA International Standard Atmosphere In

which:
(I) The air is a dry perfect gas;
(2) The temperature at sea level is 15°
Celsius (59 0 Fahrenheit); I
(3) The pressure at sea level is 29.92 inches
Hg (1013.2 mb);
(4) The temperature gradient from sea
level to the altitude at which the
temperature is -56.5°C (-69.rF) is
-O.OOI98°C (-0.003566°F) per foot
and zero above that altitude.
OAT Outside Air Temperature is the free air

static temperature, obtained either from
intlight temperature indications or ground
meteorological sources, adjusted for
instrument error and compressibility
effects.
Indicated Pressure The number actually read from an

Altitude altimeter when the barometric subscale has
been set to 29.92 inches of mercury (1013.2
millibars).
Pressure Altitude Altitude measured from standard sea-level

pressure (29.92 in. Hg) by a pressure or
barometric altimeter. It is the indicated
pressure altitude corrected for position and
instrument error. In this handbook,
altimeter instrument errors are assumed to
be zero.
REVISED: APRIL 27, 1990 1-9
Station Pressure Actual atmospheric pressure at field

elevation.
Wind The wind velocities recorded as variables

on the charts of this handbook are to be
understood as the headwind or tailwind
component of the reported winds.
(c) Power Terminology

(Specific)
Maximum Con Maximum power permissible contin

tinuous Power uously during takeoff, one engine in
operative, and emergency operations only.
Maximum Normal Maximum power permissible continu

Operating Power ously during all normal operations.
(d) Engine Instruments
EGT Gauge Exhaust Gas Temperature Gauge
(e) Airplane Performance and Flight Planning Terminology
Climb Gradient The demonstrated ratio of the change in

height during a portion of a climb, to the
horizontal distance traversed in the same
time interval.
Demonstrated The demonstrated crosswind velocity is the

Crosswind velocity of the crosswind component for
Velocity which adequate control of the airplane
during takeoff and landing was actually
demonstrated during certification tests.
Accelerate-Stop The distance required to accelerate an air

Distance plane to a specified speed and, assuming
failure of an engine at the instant that speed
is attained, to bring the airplane to a stop.

PA·31·350, CHIEFTAIN GENERAL
Route Segment A part of a route. Each end of that part is

identified by: (1) a geographical location;
or (2) a point at which a definite radio fix
can be established.
BSFC Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC)

is the number of pounds of fuel burned
per hour to produce one horsepower.
(f) Weight and Balance Terminology
Reference Datum An imaginary vertical plane from which all

horizontal distances are measured for
balance purposes.
Station A location along the airplane fuselage

usually given in terms of distance from the
reference datum.
Arm The horizontal distance from the reference

datum to the center of gravity (C.G.) of an
item.
Moment The product of the weight of an item

multiplied by its arm. (Moment divided by
a constant is used to simplify balance
calculations by reducing the number of
digits. )
Center of Gravity The point at which an airplane would

(CG.) balance if suspended. Its distance from the
reference datum is found by dividing the
total moment by the total weight of the
airplane.
CG. Arm The arm obtained by adding the airplane's

individual moments and dividing the sum
by the total weight.
CG. Limits The extreme center of gravity locations

within which the airplane must be operated
at a given weight.
REVISED: MAY 4, 1984 1·11
Usable Fuel Fuel available for night planning.
Unusable Fuel Fuel remaining after a runout test has been

completed in accordance with govern
mental regulations.
Standard Empty Weight of a standard airplane including

Weight unusable fuel. full operating Iluids and full
oil.
Basic Empty Standard empty weight plus optional

Weight equipment.
Payload Weight of occupants, cargo and baggage.
Useful Load Difference between takeoff weight, or

ramp weight if applicable, and basic empty
weight.
Maximum Ramp Maximum weight approved for ground

Weight maneu ver. (Jt ineludes weight of start, taxi
and run-up fuel.)
Maximum Maximum weight approved for the start

Takeoff Weight of the takeoff run.
Maximum Maximum weight approved for the landing

Landing Weight touchdown.
Maximum Zero Maximum weight exclusive of usable fuel.

Fuel Weight

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 2
LIMITATIONS
Paragraph Page
No. No.
2.1 General........................................................................................ 2-1
2.3 Airspeed Limitations .... ............. ................ ............. .................... 2-1
2.5 Airspeed Indicator Markings ...................................................... 2-3
2.7 Power Plant Limitations.............................................................. 2-3
2.9 Power Plant Instrument Markings .............................................. 2-4
2.11 Weight Limits ............................................................................. 2-5
2.12 Fuel Limitations.......................................................................... 2-5
'-~ 2.13 Center of Gravity Limits............................................................. 2-6
2.15 1\1aneuver Limits......................................................................... 2-6
2.17 Flight Load Factor Limits (Maneuvers)...................................... 2-6
2.19 Cowl Flaps Limitations............................................................... 2-6
2.21 Minimum Crew........................................................................... 2-7
2.23 Maximum Operating Altitude..................................................... 2-7
2.25 Types of Operation Limits .......................................................... 2-7
2.27 Noise Level ................................................................................. 2-12
2.29 PI acards ...................... ...... .. ................ ......................................... 2-14
REPORT: LK-1208
2-i
PA·31·350, CHIEFTAIN LIMITATIONS
SECTION 2
LIMITATIONS
2.1 GENERAL
This section provides the "FAA Approved" operating limitations,

instrument markings, color coding and basic placards necessary for the
operation of the PA-31-350 Chieftain and its systems.
Limitations associated with those optional systems and equipment

which require handbook supplements can be found in Section 9
(Supplements ).
2.3 AIRSPEED LIMITATIONS
SPEED KCAS KIAS
Never Exceed Speed (V NE) Do not

exceed this speed in any operation. 236 236
Maximum Structural Cruising Speed

(V NO) Do not exceed this speed
except in smooth air and then only
with caution. 187 185
Design Maneuvering Speed (V A )

Do not make full or abrupt control
movements above this speed. 162 160
Maximum Flaps Extended Speed

(V FE) Do not exceed this speed
with a given flap setting.
Flaps extended speeds
15° flap 160 162
25° flap 160 162
40° flap no 132

REVISED: SEPTEMBER 16, 1980 2-1
LIMITATIONS PA-31-350, CHIEFTAIN
KCAS KIAS
Maximum Gear Extended Speed

(V LE) - Do not exceed this speed
with landing gear extended. 156 153
Maximum Landing Gear Operating
Speed (V LO) - Do not extend or
. retract landing gear above this speed.
Extend 156 153
Retract 130 128
Air Minimum Control Speed

(V MeA) - Lowest airspeed at
which airplane is controllable with
one engine operating and
takeoff t1aps. 78 76
Stall Speed (full t1aps, gear down,

power off, 7000 Ibs.) 74 74
(See Section 5, Performance, for
stall speeds at reduced weights.) ~~.
NOTE
The maximum altitude loss during a single-
engine stall, gear and t1aps retracted is 600 feet.
For a symmetrical power-off stall, gear and
t1aps retracted, maximum altitude loss is 500
feet. Al ti tude loss is less for other aircraft
configurations.
Demonstrated Crosswind Velocity 20 KTS

2-2
PA-31-350, CHIEFTAIN LIMITATIONS
2.5 AIRSPEED INDICATOR MARKINGS
MARKING KIAS
Green Arc (Normal Operating Range) 77 to 185

Yellow Arc (Caution Range - Smooth Air) 185 to 236
White Arc (Flaps Extended Range) 74 to 132
Radial Red Line (Never Exceed Smooth Air) 236
Radial Red Line (Minimum Control Speed - Single Engine) 76
Radial Blue Line (Best Rate of Climb Speed Single Engine) 106
2.7 POWER PLANT LIMITATIONS
(a) Number of Engines 2

(b) Engine Manufacturer Lycoming
(c) Engine Model Number
(1) Left TIO-540-J2BD
(2) Right LTIO-540-J2BD
(d) Engine Operating Limits
(l) Maximum Continuous Power
(a) Maximum Horsepower 350
(b) Maximum Rotational Speed (RPM) 2575
(c) Maximum Manifold Pressure (Inches of Mercury)
To 15.000 feet
49.0
15,000 to 22,300 feet
49.0 minus .64 per
1000 feet increase
22,300 to 24,000 feet 44.3 minus 2.2 per
1000 feet increase
(d) Maximum Cylinder Head Temperature 500°F
(2) Maximum Normal Operating Power (Top of Tachometer and
Manifold Pressure Gauge Green Arc)
(a) Maximum Horsepower 315
(b) Maximum Rotational Speed 2400
(c) Maximum Manifold Pressure (Inches of Mercury)
To 18,700 feet 40.0
18,700 to 24,000 feet 40.0 minus 1.7 per
1000 feet increase
(d) Maximum Cylinder Head Temperature 475°F
(3) Maximum Oil Temperature 245°F
(4) Maximum Exhaust Gas Temperature 1650°F

2·3
(e) Oil Pressure
Minimum (red line)

25 PSI
Maximum (red line)
100 PSI
(f) Fuel Pressure
Normal Operating Range (green arc) 34 PSI to 55 PSI
Minimum (red line) 34 PSI
Maximum (red line) 55 PSI
(g) Fuel Grade (AVGAS ONLY)
(minimum octane)
100/130 - Green
(h) Number of Propellers 2
(i) Propeller Manufacturer Hartzell
(j) Propeller Hub Model
(I) Left HC-E3YR-2ATF
(2) Right HC-E3 YR-2ALTF
(k) Propeller Blade Model
(I) Left FC8468-6R
(2) Right FJC8468-6R
(1) Propeller Diameter
Maximum
80 IN.
Minimum
78 IN.
(m) Propeller Pitch Settings at 30 Inch Station
Low Pitch Stop 13.4°±0.IO
High Pitch Stop (Feathered) 82° ± 1.0°
2.9 POWER PLANT INSTRUMENT MARKINGS
(a) Tachometer
Green Arc (Normal Operating Range 500 RPM to 2400 RPM
Radial Red Line (Maximum) 2575 RPM
(b) Fuel Pressure
Green Arc (Normal Operating Range) 34 PSI to 55 PSI
Radial Red Line
Minimum
34 PSI
Maximum
55 PSI
(c) Cylinder Head Temperature
Green Arc (Normal Range)

lOO°F to 475°F
Yellow Arc (Caution)
475°F to 500°F
Radial Red Line (Never Exceed)
500°F
(d) Oil Temperature
Green Arc (Normal Operating Range) 120°F to 245 F
Q
Yellow Arc (Caution) 50° to 120°F

Radial Red Line ( Maximum) 245°F

(e) Oil Pressure

Green Arc (Normal Operating Range) 60 PSI to 90 PSI
Yellow Arc (Caution) 25 PSI to 60 PSI
and 90 PSI to 100 PSI
Radial Red Line (Minimum) 25 PSI
Radial Red Line (Maximum) 100 PSI
(f) Exhaust Gas Temperature
Green Arc (Normal Operating Range) Zero or lower scale
limit to 1650°F
Radial Red Line (Never Exceed) 1650°F
(g) Manifold Pressure
Radial Red Line (Never Exceed) 49 IN. HG.
Green Arc (Normal
Operating Range) 18 IN. HG. to 40 IN. HG.
2.11 WEIGHT LIMITS
(a) Maximum Ramp Weight 7045 LBS

(b) Maximum Takeoff Weight 7000 LBS
(c) Maximum Landing Weight 7000 LBS
(d) Maximum Weights in Baggage Compartments
Forward (Nose) 200 LBS
Aft 200 LBS
Nacelle (per side) 150 LBS
NOTE
It is the responsibility of the airplane owner and

the pilot to insure that the airplane is properly
loaded. Maximum allowable takeoff and
landing weight is 7000 lbs. Maximum allowable
ramp weight is 7045 Ibs. See Section 6 (Weight
and Balance) for proper loading instructions.
2.12 FUEL LIMITATIONS
(a) Fuel Capacity (U.S. gal.) (total) 192

(b) Usable Fuel (U.S. gal.) (total) 182
REVISED: AUGUST 24, 1981 2-5
LIMITATIONS PA·31·350, CHIEFTAIN
2.13 CENTER OF GRAVITY LIMITS (GEAR EXTENDED)
Forward Rearward
Limit Limit
Inches Inches
Weight Aft of Aft of
Pounds Datum Datum
7045 (Max. Ramp Weight) 126 135

7000 (Max. Takeoff Weight) 126 135
6200 122 135
5200 or less 120 135
NOTES
Straight line variation between the points

given.
Datum line is located 137 inches ahead of the

wing main spar centerline.
2.15 MANEUVER LIMITS
This is a normal category airplane. All intentional acrobatic maneuvers

(including spins) are prohibited.
2.17 FLIGHT LOAD FACTOR LIMITS (MANEUVERS)
(a) Positive Load Factor (Maximum) at 7000 Lbs 3.51 G

(b) Negative Load Factor (Maximum) at 7000 Lbs -1.4 G
No Inverted Maneuvers Approved
2.19 COWL FLAPS LIMITATIONS
Cowl flaps are provided to allow control of engine temperatures. The .~

cowl flaps should be open during ground operations and in climbs. In no
case should the cylinder head temperature be allowed to exceed 500°F or
the oil temperature to exceed 245°F.

2·6
2.21 MINIMUM CREW
The minimum crew for operating this airplane is one pilot unless the
type of operation (air taxi. for example see FAR's) requires a copilot.
2.23 MAXIMUM OPERATING ALTITUDE
24,000 feet
2.25 TYPES OF OPERATION LIMITS
The Federal Aviation Regulations make the operator of an aircraft

responsible for insuring that sufficient and proper instruments and
equipment are installed, operating, and calibrated for the type of flight being
undertaken. These regulations (for example, see FAR 91.3(a), 91.25, 91.33,
91.97 and 91.170) also specify the minimum instruments and equipment
which must be available for the various types of f1ight such as VFR, IFR,
night, commercial, air taxi, high altitude, icing and so on. It is recommended
that pilots of this aircraft make themselves familiar with these regulations in
order to avoid violating them. While the regulations list minimum
instruments and equipment. experienced pilots realize that the minimum
practical instruments and equipment depends on the pilot's capability,
weather, terrain, the tlight plan, facilities to be used, whether tlight is during
daylight or night, at high or low altitude, for hire or not, in icing conditions
or not, and so on. Pilots are cautioned to consider all factors in determining
whether they have all the required equipment for making a particular night.
When properly equipped this airplane may be tlown day or night, VFR
or IFR. and in known icing.
The certificating regulations of the FAA for this airplane require the
manufacturer to specify in the Pilot's Operating Handbook the types of
operation for which the airplane is equipped.
The equipment installed in this aircraft has been substantiated to 24,000

feet.
When this airplane was licensed it contained the properly installed

equipment listed in the Equipment List and, therefore, was satisfactory for
the types of operation indicated below by an asterisk.
Day VFR
'''J _ _ _ Night VFR
(c)_ _ Day and night IFR afler adequate communication and

navigation radio has been installed in an FAA approved
manner.
'-J ___ Day and night IFR
(e)_ _ Known icing after deicing and icing equipment listed on a

following page for operation in known icing conditions has
been installed in accordance with Piper drawings or in an
FAA approved manner.
(0 Known icing.
Operators are warned that if any of the equipment listed as having been
installed at time of licensing is changed, not operating, or not properly
maintained and calibrated. the airplane may not be properly equipped for all
the conditions noted above. It is the responsibility of the pilot to determine
whether the lack of a piece of equipmentlimils the conditions under which he
may fly the airplane.
AIRCRAFT
REGISTRATION NO. SERIAL NO.
Owners desiring to make changes or additions to the equipment must

have these modifications done in an FAA-approved manner. All PA-3l-350
aircraft are licensed equipped for day and night VFR night. and for IFR
flight except when there may be insufficient communications or navigation
radio equipment installed.
The performance, handling qualitics and structure of the airplane are '-_
approved for instrument flight

2-8 REVISED: SEPTEMBER 17, 1982
If an owner of an airplane which is approved for VFR flight only desires

to extend his operations to IFR, he should have radio equipment installed in
accordance with Piper-approved drawings or other FAA-approved data
(or data approved by the aviation agency of the country of registration). The
owner should insure that the radio equipment is ad\!quate for the ground
facilities to be used, is of sufficiently high quality and reliability, is properly
functioning, adjusted and calibrated, and that it is compatible with
previously installed equipment before authorizing it to be flown under
instrument conditions.
This airplane is approved for day and night VFR and IFR flight when
all of the following conditions have been met: the required equipment or
FAA-approved equivalent is installed either originally by Piper or in an
FAA-approved manner, is functioning properly, and is calibrated in
accordance with Federal Aviation Regulations; and adequate radio
communications and navigation equipment is installed in the same manner
as indicated above.
If the airplane is approved for night IFR, but is not approved for flight in
icing conditions when licensed, it will be necessary for an owner to add all
the equipment listed in this section as required for flight in icing conditions
if he desires to operate in icing conditions. If this equipment is properly
installed in accordance with Piper-approved drawings and all the other
equipment required for night IFR flight is installed in an FAA-approved
manner, is adequate for the ground facilities to be used, is of sufficient
quality, is functioning properly, and is calibrated in accordance with the
FAR's, the airplane is approved for TFR flight in known icing conditions. If
anti-icing and deicing equipment is not installed in accordance with Piper
drawings, FAA approval or approval of the aviation agency of the country
of registry must be obtained in order to legally conduct flight in icing
conditions.
Flight through any icing conditions is prohibited if any of the anti-icing

or deicing equipment is missing or not functioning.
Pilots are reminded that oxygen must be available to passengers and

crew during high altitude flight and that special electronic equipment is
required for flight above specified altitude.
FAR 135 places special requirements on air taxi and commercial

operators.

REVISED: MAY 4,1984 2-9
In accordance with the FAR's, this airplane is not properly equipped for
the condition of flight indicated if any of the equipment listed below is not
properly installed, functioning, properly maintained and calibrated
according to the FAR's. The pilot is responsible for assuring compliance
with the latest amendments to FAR 91 concerning required equipment.
(a) Day VFR

(1) Airspeed indicator
(2) Altimeter
(3) Magnetic direction indicator
(4) Tachometer - each engine
(5) Oil pressure gauge - each engine
(6) Stall warning indicator
(7) Oil temperature gauge - each engine
(8) Manifold pressure gauge - each engine
(9) Fuel gauges
(10) Fuel pressure indicator - each engine
(11) Exhaust gas temperature gauge - each engine
(12) Landing gear position indicator
(13) Seat belts - each occupant
(14) Emergency locator transmitter
(15) Above 12,500 feet - transponder with automatic altitude
reporting capability.
(16) Starter - each engine
(b) Night VFR

(1) All equipment required for Day VFR
(2) Position lights
(3) Strobe lights or rotating beacon
(4) Alternator - each engine
(5) Instrument lights
(6) Landing light, if for hire

2-10 REVISED: JANUARY 30, 1981
PA·31·350, CHIEFTAIN LIMITATIONS
(c) Day IFR

(1) All equipment required for Day VFR
(2) Two-way radio for communication
(3) Suitable and adequate navigation radio equipment
(4) Gyroscopic rate of turn indicator
(5) Bank indicator
(6) Clock with sweep second hand
(7) Sensitive altimeter adjustable for barometric pressure
(8) Alternators each engine
(9) Gyroscopic bank and pitch indicator
(10) Gyroscopic direction indicator
(I J) Free air temperature indicator
(d) Night IFR

(I) All equipment required for Day and Night VFR
(2) All equipment required for Day IFR
(e) Flight in Positive Control Areas

(I) Transponder
(f) Known Icing

For flight in known icing conditions the following equipment
must be installed in accordance with Piper drawings or in a FAA
approved manner:
(1) All equipment required for Night IFR
(2) Pneumatic wing and empennage boots
(including inboard wing boots)
(3) Electrothermal propeller boots

(4) Pilot side heated windshield
(5) Heated pitot
(6) Ice detection light
(7) Heated stall warning transmitter
(8) Non-icing heater air inlet
(9) Heater combustion air alternate source
(10) Forward heater
( 11) Ice shields
(12) Prop control deicer boot
(13) 'A' 'B' pneumatic system

2·11
The following equipment is required and is normally part of

the standard airplane:
(l) Alternate static system
(2) Elevator balance boot
(3) Direct vision window
(g) Flight with Third and/or Fourth Seats in the Aft Facing Position
(I) When the third and/or fourth seats are installed in the aft
facing position, 10 inch minimum height headrests must
be installed.
2.27 NOISE LEVEL
The corrected noise level of this aircraft is 78.9 dB(A) determined at the
Maximum Normal Operating Power of 2400 RPM and 40.0 inches of
manifold pressure.
No determination has been made by the Federal Aviation Adminis

tration that the noise levels of this airplane are or should be acceptable or
unacceptable for operation at, into or out of, any airport.
The above statement not withstanding, the noise level stated above has
been verified by and approved by the Federal Aviation Administration in
noise level test flights conducted in aecordance with FAR 36. "Noise
Standards: Aircraft Type and Airworthiness Certification." The aircraft
noise is in compliance with all FAR 36 noise standards applicable to this
type.
REPORT: LK-1208 ISSUED: SEPTEMBER 14,1979

2·12 REVISED: APRIL 4, 1980
12.29 PLACARDS
On top right side of instrument panel:
THIS AIRCRAFT MUST BE OPERATED AS A

NORMAL CATEGORY AIRPLANE IN
COMPLIANCE WITH THE OPERATING
LIMITATIONS STATED IN THE FORM OF
PLACARDS, MARKINGS AND MANUALS. NO
ACROBATIC MANEUVERS (INCLUDING SPINS)
APPROVED.
FOR TYPES OF OPERATION SEE PILOT'S

OPERATING HANDBOOK.
On top left side of instrument panel:
MINIMUM CONTROL SPEED 76 KIAS

MAXIMUM SP. LG. - RET. 128 KIAS EXTEND 153 KIAS
DESIGN MANEUVERING SPEED 160 KIAS
SEE PILOT'S OPERATING HANDBOOK
FOR ADDITIONAL SPEEDS.
On floor between pilot and copilot seats:
EMERGENCY GEAR EXTENSION
REMOVE COVER
EXTENSION INSTRUCTIONS ON REVERSE SIDE
On underside of emergency gear extension door:
1. PLACE GEAR SELECTOR HANDLE IN

DOWN POSITION.
2. PULL EMERGENCY PUMP HANDLE OUT
AS FAR AS POSSIBLE.
3. PUMP HANDLE UP AND DOWN UNTIL
ALL 3 GREEN LIGHTS COME ON.
CONTINUE PUMPING UNTIL PRESSURE
BUILDS UP AND SELECTOR HANDLE
RETURNS TO NEUTRAL.

2-14 REVISED: APRIL 4, 1980
On fuel system console:
(a) On top of fuel system control console:
FIREWALL FUEL SHUT OFF

LEFT ENGINE RIGHT ENGINE
PUSH ON-PULL OFF PUSH ON-PULL OFF
(b) On center of fuel system control console:
CROSS FEED
ON
OFF
(c) On bottom of fuel system control console:
LEFT ENGINE RIGHT ENGINE
FUEL
SELECT
38 GAL 53 GAL 53 GAL 38 GAL
OUTBD OFF INBD INBD OFF OUTBD
OUTBD TANKS - LEVEL FLIGHT ONLY
On pilot's door window moulding:
LATCH
<II1II CLOSE
On window post between the second and third window on the right side
of cabin (SIN 31-8052001 thru 31-8352042):
EMERGENCY EXIT RELEASE
REMOVE COVER
PULL HANDLE DOWN
PUSH EMERGENCY
EXIT OUT
LIMITATIONS PA·31·350, CHIEFTAIN
On window post between the second and third window on the right side
of cabin (SIN 31-845200 I & up):
EMERGENCY EXIT RELEASE
REMOVE COVER
PULL HANDLE DOWN
PUSH EMERG,ENCY
EXIT OUT
AT BOTTOM
At top of emergency exit window on moulding:
EMERGENCY EXIT
At bottom of emergency exit window on moulding (SIN 31-845200 I &

up):
PUSH HERE FOR EXIT
On rear bulkhead in rear baggage compartment and on forward baggage

compartment door:
MAXIMUM BAGGAGE 200 LBS
SEE LOADING SCHEDULE
On the pilot'S window moulding (when supplementary white anti

collision strobe lights are installed):
WARNING
TURN OFF ANTI-COLLISION LIGHTS

WHEN TAXIING IN VICINITY OF OTHER
AIRCRAFT OR DURING FLIGHT
THROUGH CLOUD, FOG OR HAZE.
STANDARD POSITION LIGHTS TO BE
TURNED ON FOR ALL NIGHT
OPERATIONS.
On side trim panel adjacent to third and fourth passenger seats (SI N 31
I 805200 I thru 31-8352042):
FOR OCCUPANCY OF AFT FACING SEAT
10" MIN. HT. HEADREST IS REQUIRED

2·16 REVISED: APRIL 27,1990
On trim side panel adjacent to third and fourth passenger seats

(SIN 31-8452001 and up):
REQUIREMENT FOR OCCUPANCY OF AFT FACING SEAT

1. SEAT HEADREST INSTALLED
2. SEAT BACK BOLTED IN UPRIGHT POSITION
On pilot's door window moulding (when pilot's door is installed):
OPEN DOOR CLOSED
CLOSE DOOR PRIOR TO STARTING ENGINES
THEFT LOCK
PULL TO UNLOCK
PRIOR TO FLIGHT
On left center of instrument panel (when windshield wiper is installed):
WINDSHIELD WIPER
DO NOT OPERATE
ABOVE 127 KIAS
OR ON DRY WINDSHIELD
On inside of nacelle locker doors:
BAGGAGE CAPACITY
150 LBS. MAX.
SEE LOADING SCHEDULE
DO NOT EXCEED
10 LBS./SQ. FT. FLOOR LOADING
OR 100 LBS. DlFF. BETWEEN LOCKERS
On pedestal adjacent engine controls (when air conditioning is

installed):
AIR CONDITIONING OFF
FOR SINGLE ENGINE OPERATION
SE'CTION 2 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION
On each wing near fuel fillers (SIN 31-8352006 and up):
AVGAS ONLY·
" CRADE
100LL
CRADE
100

On top center of aft cabin panel (cargo loading placard):
MAXIMUM CAPACITY
FLOOR LOAD ALLOWABLE
AREA
LBSISQ FT LBS
----- -".
A H)() 200
------
B 200
-- -
400
---_._- - 2000
C 200 1800
200 900
- -ED- - ----"
100 200
TOTAL
10 150 EACH
MAXIMUM TIEDOWM CAPACITY

PER FOOT OF TRACK 200 LBS
PER TnACK 900 LBS
PER TIE DOWN RING 200 LBS
CARGO MUST BE LOADED WITHIN THE WeIGHT
ANO BALANCE" LIMITS OF THIS AIRCRAFT
ISSUED: APRIL 27, 1990 REPORT: LK-12081

2-19
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 3
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
Paragraph Page
No. No.
3.1 General ........................................................................................ 3-1
3.3 Emergency Checklist .................................................................. 3-3
Speeds .................................................................................... 3-3
Engine Inoperative Procedures .............................................. 3-3
Engine Roughness.................................................................. 3-8
Engine Overheat ..................................................................... 3-8
Loss of Oil Pressure.. .................. ................. .......................... 3-8
Rough Air Operation.............................................................. 3-8
Engine Fire on Ground........................................................... 3-9
Engine Fire in Flight ..... .................. ....................................... 3-9
Electrical Fire......................................................................... 3-9
Crossfeed................................................................................ 3-10
Corning Out of Cross feed ...................................................... 3-10
One Alternator Inoperative Light On ..................................... 3-10
Two Alternator Inoperative Lights On ................................... 3-10
Propeller/Governor Malfunctions .......................................... 3-11
Emergency Gear Extension .................................................... 3-11
Emergency Exi t.................... .............................. ..... ........ ....... 3-12
Gear Up Landing .................................................................... 3-12
Flap System Malfunction... .......................... .......................... 3-13
3.5 Amplified Emergency Procedures (General) .............................. 3-15
3.7 Engine Inoperative Procedures ................................................... 3-\5
Engine Securing Procedure (Feathering Procedure) .............. 3-\5
Engine Failure During Normal Takeoff
(85 KIAS or Below) ............................................................ 3-\5
Engine Failure During Normal Takeoff
(Above 85 BIAS) ................................................................. 3-16
REPORT: LK-1208
3-i
TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont)
SECTION 3 (cont)
Paragraph Page
No. No.
Engine Failure During Short Field Takeoff
(Below 92 KIAS) ................................................................ . 3-16a
(Above 92 KIAS but below 104 KIAS) ............................. .. 3-16a
(Above 104 KIAS) ............................................................. .. 3-16c
Engine Failure During Climb ................................................ . 3-17
Engine Failure During Flight (Below 76 KIAS) .................... 3-18
Engine Failure During Flight (Above 76 KIAS) .................. . 3-18
Single Engine Landing ........................................................... 3-19
Single Engine Go-Around ..................................................... . 3-20
Air Start (Unfeathering Procedure) ........................................ 3-20
3.9 Engine Roughness ..................................................................... . 3-21
3.11 Engine Overheat ........................................................................ . 3-21
3.13 Loss of Oil Pressure ................................................................... . 3-21
3.15 Rough Air Operation ................................................................. . 3-22
3.17 Engine Fire on Ground ............................................................... 3-22
3.19 Engine Fire in Flight................................................................... 3-22
3.21 Electrical Fire ............................................................................. . 3-23
3.23 Crossfeed ................................................................................... . 3-23
3.25 Coming Out of Crossfeed ........................................................... 3-23
3.27 One Alternator Inoperative Light On ......................................... . 3-24
3.29 Two Alternator Inoperative Lights On ........................................ 3-24
3.31 Propeller/Governor Malfunctions .............................................. . 3-25
Propeller RPM U nderspeed ................................................... 3-25
Propeller RPM Overspeed .................................................... . 3-26
3.33 Emergency Gear Extension ...................................................... .. 3-26
3.35 Enlergency Exit. ......................................................................... . 3-27

~--
3.37 Gear Up Landing ....................................................................... . 3-27
3.39 Flap System Malfunction .......................................................... .. 3-28
REPORT: LK·1208
3·ii
PA-31-350, CHIEFTAIN EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
SECTION 3
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
3.1 GENERAL
The recommended procedures for coping with various types of

emergencies and critical situations are provided in this section. All of the
required (FAA regulations) emergency procedures and those necessary for
the operation of the airplane as determined by the operating and design I
features of the airplane are presented.
Emergency procedures associated with those optional systems and

equipment which require handbook supplements are provided in Section 9
(Supplements).
The first portion of this section consists of an abbreviated emergency

checklist which supplies an action sequence for critical situations with little
emphasis on the operation of systems.
The remainder of the section presents amplified emergency procedures

containing additional information to provide the pilot with a more complete
understanding of the procedures.
These procedures are suggested as a course of action for coping with the
particular condition described, but are not a substitute for sound judgment
and common sense. Pilots should familiarize themselves with the procedures
given in this section and be prepared to take appropriate action should an
emergency arise.
Most basic emergency procedures, such as power off landings, are a

normal part of pilot training. Although these emergencies are discussed here,
this information is not intended to replace such training, but only to provide
a source of reference and review, and to provide information on procedures
which are not the same for all aircraft. It is suggested that the pilot review
standard emergency procedures periodically to remain proficient in them.

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES PA-31-350, CHIEFTAIN
~I
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

3-2
PA·31·350, CHIEFTAIl'; EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
3.3 EMERGENCY CHECK LIST
SPEEDS
Air Minimum Control ....................................................................... 76 KIAS
Best Single Engine Angle of Climb ................................................ 104 KIAS
Best Single Engine Rate of Climb ................................................... 106 KIAS
Maneuvering ................................................................................... I 60 KIAS
Never Exceed .................................................................................. 236 KIAS
ENGINE INOPERATIVE PROCEDURES
ENGINE SECURING PROCEDURE

(FEATHERING PROCEDURE)
Throttle ................................................................................................... c1ose
Propelier ............................................................ FEATHER (1000 RPM min.)
Mixture ................................................................................ .IDLE CUT-OFF
Cowl flaps ............................................................................................... close
Air conditioner ........................................................................................ OFF
Magneto switch ....................................................................................... OFF
Emergency fuel pump .............................................................................. OFF
Fuel selector ............................................................................... OFF (detent)
Fuel boost pump CB ............................................................................. pulled
Alternator CB switch ............................................................................... OFF
Prop. Sync ............................................................................................... OFF
Electrical load .................................................................................... reduced
Crossfeed ....................................................................................... .if required
REVISED: APRIL 4, 1980 3·3
I ENGINE FAILURE DURING NORMAL TAKEOFF

(85 KIAS or below)
If sufficient runway remains for a safe stop:
Throttles ............................................................................ ,irnmediately close

Brakes .......................................................................................... As required
Stop straight ahead
If insufficient runway remains for a safe stop:
Throttles ............................................................................ .inlmediately close
Mixtures ........................................................................................ .Idle cutoff
Master switch .......................................................................................... OFF
Fuel selectors ........................................................................................... OFF
Magneto switches .................................................................................... OFF
NOTE
Maintain directional control and maneuver to

avoid obstacles.
I ENGINE FAILURE DURING NORMAL TAKEOFF

(Above 85 KIAS)
Directional control ............................................................................ Maintain
Power (operating engine) ................................... ,.................. Max. continuous
Propeller control (inoperative engine) ................................................. Feather
Landing gear (in level or climbing flight) ............................................ Retract
Bank .......................................................................... 5° into operating engine
Airspeed ...................................................................... 95 KIAS to 50 ft. then
accelerate to 104 KIAS

Cowl flaps (inoperative engine) .............................................................. close
Airspeed ............................................................ 106 KIAS, after all obstacles
have been cleared
Engine securing procedures ............................................................. Complete
NOTE
Land as soon as practical at the nearest suitable

airport.

PA·31·350, CHIEFTAIN EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
ENGINE FAILURE DURING SHORT FIELD TAKEOFF
(92 KIAS or below)
Throttles ............................................................................ .immediately close
Land (if airborne) .......................................................... on remaining runway
Brakes ........................................................................................... as required
If insufficient runway remains for a safe stop:
l\1ixtures ............................................................................... .IDLE CUT-OFF
Land (if airborne) avoiding obstacles
(Above 92 KIAS but below 104 KIAS)
Land .............................................................................. on remaining runway
If insufficient runway remains and the decision is made to abort the takeoff:
Throttles ............................................................................. immediately close
Landing gear ........................................................................................ Extend
NOTE
Depending on terrain, it may be advisable to

land with the gear retracted.
Flaps .................................................................................................... Extend
',- Airspeed .................................................................................... 87 KIAS min.
l\1ixtures ............................................................................... .IDLE CUT-OFF
ISSUED: JANUARY 30, 1981 REPORT: LK·1208

3·43

Land avoiding obstacles
If insufficient runway remains, the terrain ahead is unsuitable for a safe

landing and the decision is made to continue the takeoff: '
Power (operating engine) ..................................................... Max. Continuous
Propeller control (inoperati ve engine) ............................................ FEATHER
Landing gear (in level or climbing !light) ............................................ Retract
Flaps .............................................................................. Retract in increments
Airspeed ............................................................ Accelerate to 104 KIAS until
all obstacles have been cleared
then accelerate to 106 KIAS
Engine securing procedures .......................................................... accomplish
WARNING
Negative climb performance may result from

an failure occurring after lift-off and
before the gear and flaps have been retracted,
the failed engine propeller has been feathered,
the cowl tlap on the failed engine is closed and
a speed of 106 KIAS has been attained. Refer
to "Single Engine Climb" chart, Figure 5-21,
for clean configuration positive climb perfor
mance.
ENGINE FAILURE DURING SHORT FIELD TAKEOFF (Above 104

KIAS)

Power (operating engine) ..................................................... Max. Continuous
Propeller control (inoperative engine) ............................................ FEATHER
Airspeed .................................................................. Maintain 104 KIAS until
clear of obstacles then
accelerate to 106 KIAS
REPORT: LK-1208 ISSUED: JANUARY 30, 1981

3-4b
Throttles ............................................................................. immediately close
Land .............................................................................. on remaining runway
Brakes ............................................................................................ as required
If insufficient runway remains and the decision is made to abort the takeoff:
Landing gear ........................................................................................ Extend
NOTE
Depending on terrain, it may be advisable to

land with the gear retracted.
Flaps .................................................................................................... Extend
Airspeed .................................................................................... 87 KIAS min.
Mixtures ................................................................................ IDLE CUT-OFF
Land avoiding obstacles
WARNING
Certain combinations of aircraft weight,

configuration, ambient conditions and air
speeds will result in negative climb perfor
mance. (Refer to specific chart in Performance
Section.)
ISSUED: JANUARY 30,1981 REPORT: LK-12081

3-4c
ENGINE FAILURE DURING CLIMB
Airspeed ........................................................................... maintain 106 KIAS
Directional control ............................................................................ maintain
Inop. engine ...................................................................... .identify and verify
Inop. engine .................................................................·......... complete Engine
Securing Procedure
Land as soon as practical at nearest suitable airport.
ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT

(Below 76 KIAS)
Rudder ...................................................................................... apply towards

operative engine
Throttles (both engines) ...................................................... retard to stop turn
Pitch attitude ............................................................................. .lower nose to
accelerate above
76 KIAS
Operative eng ..................................................................... .increase power as
airspeed increases
above 76 KIAS
If altitude permits, a restart may be attempted.
If restart fails or altitude does not permit:

Inop. eng. prop ............................................................................... FEATHER
Trim ..................................................................................... adjusted (5° bank
into operative eng.)
Inop. eng .............................................................................. complete Engine
Securing Procedure
Cowl flap (operative eng.) ............................................................. as required
ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT

(Above 76 KIAS)
Inop eng ............................................................................................. .identify
Operative eng ...................................................................... adjust as required
Airspeed ........................................................................... attain and maintain
at least 106 KIAS
REVISED: JANUARY 30, 1981 3-5
Before securing inop. engine:
Fuel flow ............................... check (if deficient - emergency fuel pump ON)
Fuel quantity .......................................................................................... check
Fuel selector (inop. eng.) ......................................................... switch Lo other
tank containing fuel

Oil pressure and temp ............................................................ :............... check
Magneto switches .................................................................................. check
Air start ............................................................................................... attempt
If engine does not start, complete Engine Securing Procedure.
Power (operative eng.) ................................................................... as required
Mixture {operative eng.) .................................................................... .full rich
Fuel quantity (operative eng. tank) ................................................... sufficient
Emergency fuel pump
(operative eng.) .............................................................................. as required
Cowl flap (operative eng.) ............................................................. as required
Trim ..................................................................................... adjusted (5° bank
into operative eng.)
Electrical load ....................................................................... decrease to min.
required
Land as soon as practical at nearest suitable airport.
SINGLE ENGINE LANDING
Inop engine ........................................................................... Engine Securing
Procedure complete
Hydraulic pump ..................................................................................... check
Seat belts/harnesses .............................................................................. secure
Heater ........................................................................................ FAN posiLion
Emergency fuel pump (operative eng.) ...................................................... ON
Mixture (operative eng.) ........................................................................ RICH
Propeller (operative eng.) ...................................................... .full FORWARD
Fuel selector on
operative engine side ON INBOARD tank
Crossfeed ................................................................................................. OFF
Cowl flap (operative ............................................................. as required
Airspeed ........................................................................... maintain I 16 KIAS
min. until landing is
assured
Altitude ............................................................................. higher than normal
until landing is assured

3-6
When landing is assured:
Gear .................................................................................................... DOWN
Flaps ................................................................................................... DOWN
Power ............................................................. retard slowly and flare airplane
Trim ................................................................................. as power is reduced
. (airplane will yaw in

direction of operative engine)
SINGLE ENGINE GO-AROUND
(Not possible from a full flap position unless sufficient altitude is available to
raise flaps in a descent.)
Avoid, if possible, if necessary:

Airspeed .................................................................................. hold 106 KIAS
Power ................................................................................. max. on operating
engine
Flaps ..................................................................................................... retract
Landing gear ......................................................................................... retract
Cowl flaps on operative engine ...................................................... as required
Trim ............................................................................................... as required
AIR START (UNFEATHERING PROCEDURE)
Fuel selector .............................................................................................. ON

Fuel boost pump CB .................................................................................. .IN
Magnetos ...................................................................................................0N
Throttle ...................................................................................... open 112 inch
Propellers ..................................................................................... 112 forward
Mixture ............................................................................................... forward
Starter .................................................................................. engage until prop
unfeathers
Propeller. ...................................................................... pull back to low RPM
position as propeller
speed accelerates
through 1000 RPM
Throttle ............................................................................ reduced power until
warm; 2000 RPM max.
Alternator .................................................................................................. ON
Engine instruments ................................................................................ check
Air conditioner ....................................................................... (as desired) ON
Propeller.. ................................................. manual sync with operating engine
Throttle ...................................................................................... set as desired
Prop Sync ............................................................................... (as desired) ON

3-7
ENGINE ROUGHNESS
Emergency fuel pumps ..............................................................................ON
Engine instruments ................................................................... scan for cause
Mixture ............................................................................... adjust as required
Alternate air ...........................................................................·............... OPEN
Cowl flaps ............................................................................. adjust for proper
CHT
Fuel ................................................................................... switch tanks if fuel
in second tank
Magnetos ...............................................................................................check
WARNING
If either the right or left fuel flow warning

light illuminates and the fuel gauge indicates
fuel remaining in the corresponding inboard
tank, this will indicate a malfunction of the
flapper door in the inboard tank. Immediately
select the outboard tank or select crossfeed to
avoid fuel flow interruption.
ENGINE OVERHEAT
Cowl flaps ............................................................................................. OPEN
Mixture ................................................................................................. richen
Power ................................................................................................... reduce
Airs peed ............................................................................................ .increase
(if altitude permits)
LOSS OF OIL PRESSURE
Engine................................................................................. secure per Engine

Securing Procedure
ROUGH AIR OPERATION
Slow to manuevering speed or slightly less (7000 Ibs. 160 KIAS)
Fly attitude and avoid abrupt maneuvers.
Seat belt and shoulder harness - tighten.
REPORT: LK 1208 ISSUED: SEPTEMBER 14, 1979

ENGINE FIRE ON GROUND (Engine start, taxi and takeoff with

sufficient distance remaining to stop)
Firewall fuel shutoff ................................................................................ OFF
Emergency fuel pump .............................................................................. OFF
Boost pump CB ........................................................... ~ ......................... pulled
Throttle (affected engine) ..................................................................... OPEN
Radio .................................................................................. call for assistance
Mixture (if fire persists) ........................................................ IDLE CUT-OFF
External fire extinguisher .......................................................................... use
NOTES
If fire continues, shut down both engines and
evacuate.
If fire is on the ground. it may be possible to
taxi away.
ENGINE FIRE IN FLIGHT
Fire wall fuel shutoff ............................................................................... OFF
Throttle ..................................................................................................... idle
Propeller ........................................................................................ FEATHER
Mixture .......................................................................................... idle cut-off
Inoperative Engine ............................................................................... Secure
If fire persists:
Airspeed ........................................................................... .increase in attempt
to blowout fire
Land at nearest suitable airport.
ELECTRICAL FIRE
Flashlight (at night) ............................................................................. Iocated
Circuit breakers ................................................................... checked & pulled
All electrical switches .............................................................................. OFF
Master switch ............................................................................................ ON
CB and switch for each
unit (one at a time) ................................................................................ ON
CB and switch for failed unit ................................................................... OFF

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES PA·31·3S0, CHIEFTAIN
CROSSFEED
Fuel selector (inop. eng.) level tlight... ........................................... either tank
Boost pump CB Cinop. eng.) ...................................................................... .IN
Emergency fuel pump (inop. eng.) ........................................ ~ ................... ON
Crossfeed .................................................................................................. ON
Fuel selector (op. eng.) ............................................................................ OFF
Boost pump CB (op. eng.) ..................................................................... pulled
Emergency fuel pump (op. eng.) .............................................................. OFF
COMING OUT OF CROSSFEED

(PRIOR TO LANmNG)
Fuel selector (op. eng.) ......................................................... .INBOARD tank
Boost pump CB (op. eng.) ........................................................................... in
Emergency fuel pump (op. eng.) ............................................................... ON
Crossfeed ................................................................................................. OFF
Boost pump CB Cinop. eng.) .................................................................. pulled
Emergency fuel pump Cinop. eng.) ........................................................... OFF
Fuel selector (inop. eng.) ......................................................................... OFF
ONE ALTERNATOR INOP. LIGHT ON
Electrical load .................................................................................... reduced
Approp. side of master switch ................................................................. OFF
Tripped CBs ............................................................................................ reset
Approp. side of master switch ................................................................... ON
Ekc. Load (if light goes out) ........................................................... reinstated
If light remains lit or alL CB has tripped:
Approp. side of master switch ................................................................. OFF
Electrical load .................................................................. reduction continued
TWO ALTERNATOR INOP. LIGHTS ON
Repeat above procedure for each side.
If both lights stay on:
Master switch (both sides) ......................................................................... ON
Alternator CB switches ............................................................................ OFF
Electrical load .................................................................................. minimum
Land as soon as practical.
REPORT: LK·1208 ISSllED: SEPTEMBER 14, 1979

3·10 REVISED: JANUARY 20,2006
PROPELLER/GOVERNOR MALFUNCTIONS
RPM UNDERSPEED
Power ................................................................................................. reduced
Mixture .................................................................................................. RICH
If prop. moves to feather:
Prop control ................................................................................... FEATHER
Engine ................................................................................... Engine Securing
Procedures complete
NOTE
Propeller will move to feather if engine oil
pressure is lost.
RPM OVERSPEED
Power ................................................................................................. reduced
Airspeed ............................................................................................. reduced
Prop control (if prop speed
cannot be kept below 2575 RPM) ......................................... FEATHERED
NOTE
If prop will not feather. do not shut down
engine.
.. ................... Engine Securing
Proeedures complete
if prop will feather

Airspeed ................................................................................. 153 KIAS max.
Gear selector ....................................................................................... DOWN
Emerg. gear extender cover ................................................................. opened
Emerg. gear extender ........................................................................ extended
Extender handle (till 3 green lights
and selector returns to neutral) ....................................................... pumped
NOTE
Should the landing gear still not indicate three
green after the emergency gear extension
procedure has been accomplished, pull the
Landing Gear Safety Solenoid (LG SAFETY)
circuit breaker. Reset the cireuit breaker after all
three gear lights indicate down and locked.

REVISED: OCTOBER 17,2005 3·11
EMERGENCY EXIT
Exit (third window from

front on right side) ........................................................................... .locate
Plexiglas cover ......................................................................,.............. remove
Handle ............................................................................................. pull down
Emergency exit window .................................................................... push out
GEAR UP LANDING
Ground personnel ............................................................. inform (if possible)

Fuel ........................................................................... burn off (if time allows)
Passengers ........................................................................................... briefed
Normal landing check list ................................................................. complete
Gear selector .............................................................................................. UP
Autopilot ................................................................................................. OFF
Master switch (daytime) .......................................................................... OFF
Make a normal approach
When runway is made and landing assured:
Mixtures ................................................................................ IDLE CUT-OFF
Prop controls .................................................................................. FEATHER
Firewall fuel shutoffs ............................................................................... OFF
Touchdown at minimum airspeed and level attitude
Master switch (night) ............................................................................... OFF
Evacuate
NOTE
If nose gear is not extended, the landing light

will not be functioning.

3-12
FLAP SYSTEM MALFUNCTION
ANNUNCIATOR LIGHT ON
Flap selector ....................................................................... reposition slightly

If t1aps move ........................................................................ replace amplifier
prior to next t1ight
If t1aps do not move ......................................................... check for split t1aps
If t1aps are split.. ......................................................... pull t1ap motor CB and
land in this condition
If t1aps are not split .................................................................... pull and reset
t1ap motor CB
If t1aps still do not operate ................................................................. pull t1ap
motor CB and land
in this condition
FLAPS FAIL TO RESPOND TO FLAP SELECTOR (WITH FLAP

INDICATOR POINTING TO OFF)
Flap control CB ......................................................................... pull and reset

If indicator remains "OFF" ................................................................. the t1ap
',-- control is inoperative and
t1aps cannot be repositioned
for landing or go-around
If indicator shows t1ap position ................................................................. use
following checklist
FLAPS FAIL TO RESPOND TO FLAP SELECTOR (WITH FLAP

INDICATOR POINTING TO FLAP POSITION)
Flap test switch ........................................................................................ push

If annunciator fails to light ................................................................... follow
ANNUNICATOR
LIGHT on checklist
If annunciator lights ................................................................... pull and reset
t1ap motor CB
If t1aps fail to respond ................................................................... a t1ap drive
fault may exist
and further effort
to reposition t1aps
may cause damage

3·13
3.5 AMPLIFIED EMERGENCY PROCEDURES (GENERAL)
The following paragraphs are presented to supply additional

information for the purpose of providing the pilot with a more complete
understanding of the recommended course of action and probable cause of
an emergency situation.
3.7 ENGINE INOPERATIVE PROCEDURES
ENGINE SECURING PROCEDURE (FEATHERING PROCEDURE)
The engine securing procedure should always be accomplished in a

sequential order according to the nature of the engine failure (ie., practice,
engine failure during takeoff, engine failure during climb, etc.).
Begin the securing procedure by closing the throttle of the inoperative

engine and moving its propeller control to FEATHER (fully aft) before the
propeller speed drops below 1000 rpm. The inoperative engine mixture
control should be moved fully aft to the IDLE CUT-OFF position. CLOSE
its cowl flaps to reduce drag and turn OFF the air conditioner (if installed).
Turn OFF the magneto switch, the emergency fuel pump switch and the fuel
selector. Pull out the fuel boost pump circuit breaker and turn OFF the
alternator circuit breaker switch of the inoperative engine. The propeller
synchrophaser (if installed) should be OFF. Complete the procedure by
reducing the electrical load and considering the use of the fuel crossfecd if the
fuel quantity dictates.
ENGINE FAILURE DURING NORMAL TAKEOFF (85 KIAS or below)1
Determination of runway length, single engine climb rate, and

accelerate/stop distance will aid in determining the best course of action in
the event of an engine failure during takeoff. If engine failure occurs while
sufficient runway remains for a deceleration and a safe stop, cut power
immediately and stop straight ahead.
If an engine failure occurs before an airspeed of 85 KIAS is attained,

and there is not adequate runway remaining for deceleration and stop,
immediately retard the throttle and mixture levers fully aft. Turn OFF the
master switch, the fuel selectors, and the magneto switches. During these
procedures, maintain directional control and maneuver to avoid obstacles if
necessary.
REVISED: JANUARY 30, 1981 3·15
ENGINE FAILURE DURING NORMAL TAKEOFF (Above 85 KIAS)
If an engine fails during takeoff at an airspeed above 85 KIAS the pilot

must decide whether to abort following the preceding procedures or to
continue the takeoff and climb on a single engine. The pilot's decision must
be based on a personal judgment, taking into consideration'such factors as
remaining runway, obstacles, the type of terrain beyond the runway, density
altitude, weight and loading, weather, airplane condition, and the pilot's
own proficiency and capability.
WARNING
Certain combinations of aircraft weight,

configuration, ambient conditions and
airspeeds will result in negative climb
performance. (Refer to specific chart in
performance section.)
If takeoff is continued the airplane will tend to turn in the direction of

the inoperative engine, since one engine will be inoperative and the other at
maximum power. Rudder pedal force on the side of the operating engine will
be necessary to maintain directional control. If rotation for takeoff has
begun or the aircraft is just airborne, maintain the takeoff attitude of
approximately 10°. The aircraft may skip along the runway or settle back to
the runway, if airborne. Do not force the aircraft off the ground or raise the
gear, but continue to maintain maximum power on the operating engine and
the aircraft directionally aligned with the runway. Once the faulty engine is
identified and its power loss verified, feather its propeller. The drag
reduction resulting from feathering the windmilling propeller will provide a
rate of climb increment which will allow the aircraft to accelerate to and
remain airborne at the 50 foot barrier airspeed (95 KIAS). If the aircraft will
maintain level flight or a positive rate of climb, retract the landing gear.
Maintain 95 KIAS to the 50 foot barrier, then accelerate to 104 KIAS (best
single engine angle of climb speed) until clear of obstacles and close the cowl
flap on the inoperative engine. When above alJ obstacles accelerate to the best
single engine rate of climb speed (106 KIAS), trim as necessary and CLOSE
the cowl flaps on the operating engine as much as possible without exceeding
engine temperature limits. After a climb has been established complete the
"Engine Securing Procedure" on the inoperative engine.

(Below 92 KIAS)
Should an engine failure occur prior to reaching the barrier speed

(92 KIAS), the takeoff should be aborted. If the failure occurs while the
aircraft is still on the ground and sufficient runway or suitable overrun
remains, retard the throttles and apply braking as necessary. If insufficient
runway or suitable overrun exists, retard the throttles, apply braking as
required, pull the mixtures to idle cut-off, turn the master switch, fuel
selectors, magneto switches off and steer the aircraft to avoid obstacles.
Should the engine failure occur after the aircraft is airborne, lower the
nose to maintain airspeed, retard the throttles and land on the remaining
runway, the runway overrun or the most suitable area straight ahead
avoiding obstacles. If the landing cannot be accomplished on the remaining
runway or overrun prior to touchdown, pull mixtures to idle cut-off, turn the
master switch, fuel selectors and magneto switches to the off position.
(Above 92 KIAS but below 104 KIAS)
.,-- Should an engine failure occur above the barrier speed (92 KIAS), but
below the best single engine angle of climb speed (104 KIAS), the decision to
abort or continue the takeoff will be based on several factors including
altitude, aircraft weight, suitable landing areas, pilot proficiency and
ambient conditions. The two most important considerations; however, are
the altitude gained prior to the engine failure and the availability of suitable
landing areas ahead of the aircraft at the time of the failure.
Should a suitable landing area (remaining runway, overrun or an

area relatively free of obstructions) be accessible from the point where the
engine failure occurs, the takeoff should be immediately aborted and a
power-off landing should be accomplished within that area.
If a suitable landing area is not available and sufficient altitude has been
obtained, the pilot may elect to continue the takeoff. Should the decision be
made to continue the takeoff, it is of the utmost importance to realize that
the aircraft will have negative single engine climb performance until the gear
and flaps have been retracted and an airspeed of 104 KIAS has been reached.
"'-. As altitude may be lost during gear and flap retraction and the subsequent
transition to 104 KIAS, the decision to continue the takeoff should primarily
be based on the altitude gained prior to the fail ure. Flight tests have
ISSUED: JANUARY 30, 1981 REPORT: LK-1208

3-16a
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES PA·31-350, CHIEFTAIN
indicated that as much as 100 feet may be lost during gear and flap retraction
and the transition to the best single engine angle of climb speed (104 KIAS).
The altitude loss is a difficult variable to quantify and is primarily predicted
on pilot proficiency; however aircraft weight and ambient conditions must
also be considered. Prior to takeoff, the pilot should always review the
performance section to determine that adequate single engine climb perfor
mance exists for the takeoff weight and associated ambient conditions.
Should the decision be made to abort the takeoff, the throttles should be
closed, the landing gear extended (terrain permitting), the flaps extended
and a minimum airspeed of 87 KIAS should be maintained. If possible, plan
to land in an area free of obstructions. Prior to touchdown, position the
mixture controls to idle cut-off and turn the master switch, fuel selectors
and magneto switches off.
Should the decision be made to continue the takeoff, maintain direc

tional control, identify and then feather the inoperative engine. In level or
climbing flight, retract the landing gear. Apply 5° of bank into the operating
engine. As the aircraft starts to accelerate, retract the flaps incrementally
(recommend 3_5 0 increments). After attaining 104 KIAS, maintain 104
KIAS until all obstacles have been cleared and then accelerate to 106 KIAS.
Complete the engine securing procedures and land at the nearest suitable "_
airport.
WARNING
Negative climb performance may result from

an engine failure occurring after lift off and
before the gear and flaps have been retracted,
the failed engine propeller has been feathered,
the cowl nap on the failed engine is closed and
a speed of 106 KIAS has been attained. Refer
to "Single Engine Climb" chart, Figure 5-21,
for clean contiguration positive climb perfor
mance.

3-16b
PA-31-3S0, CHIEFTAIN EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

(Above 104 KIAS)
If a suitable landing area exists at the point where the engine failure
occurs, accomplish the aforementioned takeoff abort procedures.
If the decision is made to continue the takeoff, maintain directional

control, apply maximum continuous power to the operating engine and
feather the inoperative engine. Bank 5° into the operating engine and
accelerate to 104 KIAS. Maintain 104 KIAS until all obstacles have been
cleared, then accelerate to 106 KIAS. Complete the engine securing proce
dures and land at the nearest suitable airport.

3-16c
ENGINE FAILURE DURING CLIMB
If engine failure occurs during climb, a minimum airspeed of 106 KIAS

should be maintained. Since one engine will be inoperative and the other will
be at maximum power, the airplane will want to turn in the direction of the
inoperative engine. Rudder pedal force on the side of" the operating engine
will be necessary to maintain directional control. After the faulty engine has
been identified and power loss verified, complete the "Engine Securing
Procedures." Continue a straight ahead climb until sufficient altitude
(minimum of 1000 feet above ground elevation) is reached to execute the
normal "Single Engine Landing" procedure at the nearest suitable airport.
Mulli engine aircraft are required to climb at a given rate with one
engine inoperative at 5000 feet. During this climb engine temperatures must
remain at or below specific limits set by the engine manufacturer. Further,
the established temperature limitations may not be exceeded on a 100°F day.
Cooling depends to a large extent upon airspeed and the outside air
temperature.
This aircraft has a single engine Best Rate of Climb Speed of 106 KIAS.
·0,--- This speed yields a rate of climb in excess of the minimum required climb
rate.
Should an engine failure occur on a cold day it may be possible to

maintain engine temperatures below maximum allowable limits at 106
KIAS. When the outside air temperature is higher, a higher airspeed must be
used until on a 100°F day the aircraft must be flown at 110 KIAS. At these
speeds the aircraft will climb at the minimum required rate and still maintain
temperatures at or below the temperature limitations of the engine.
Normally, cylinder head temperatures can be maintained within limits
through cowl flap adjustments. Climb rate will be reduced by approximately
50 FPM.
ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT (Below 76 KIAS)
Should an engine fail during tlight at an airspeed below 76 KIAS, apply

rudder towards the operative engine to maintain directional control. The
throttles should be retarded to stop the yaw force produced by the
inoperative engine. Lower the nose of the aircraft to acceierate above 76
KIAS and increase the power on the operative engine as the airspeed exceeds
76 KIAS.
After an airspeed above 76 KIAS has been established, an engine restart

attempt may be made if altitude permits. if the restart has failed, or altitude
does not permit, the engine should be secured. Move the propeller control of
the inoperative engine to FEATHER and complete the "Engine Securing
Procedure," Adjust the trim to a 5° bank into the operating engine. The cowl
flaps on the operative engine should be adjusted as required to maintain
engine temperatures within allowable limits.
ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT (Above 76 KIAS)
If an engine fails at an airspeed above 76 KIAS during flight, begin

corrective response by identifying the inoperative engine. The operative
engine should be adjusted as required after the loss of power has been
verified. Attain and maintain an airspeed of 106 KIAS. Once the inoperative
engine has been identified and the operating engine adjusted properly, an
engine restart may be attempted if altitude permits.
Prior to securing the inoperative engine, check to make sure the fuel
flow to the engine is sufficient. If the fuel flow is deficient, turn ON the
emergency fuel pump. Check the fuel quantity on the inoperative engine side
and switch the fuel selector to the other tank if a sufficient supply is
indicated. Check the oil pressure and oil temperature and insure that the
magneto switches are ON.
If the engine fails to start it should be secured using the "Engine Securing
Procedure" .
After the inoperative engine has been secured, the operative engine can
be adjusted. Power should be maintained as required and the mixture
control should be adjusted for power. Check the fuel supply and turn ON the
emergency fuel pump if necessary. The cowl flaps on the operative engine
should be adjusted as required to maintain engine temperatures within
allowable limits. Adjust the trim to a 5° bank into the operating engine. The
electrical load should be decreased to a required minimum. Land as soon as
practical at the nearest suitable airport.

3-18 REVISED: APRIL 4,1980
SINGLE ENGINE LANDING
If a single-engine landing is necessary, a check should be performed to

determine whether or not the hydraulic pump is functioning for normal gear
extension. This check is accomplished by placing the landing gear control in
the UP position with the gear retracted. If the hydraulic pump is functioning,
pressure will return the control to the neutral position. This check should be
performed before entering the traffic pattern so that there will be time to
pump the gear down with the hand pump if necessary.
The "Engine Securing Procedure" should be complete on the inoper

ative engine. Fasten the seat belts and shoulder harness and select the FAN
position of the heater switch. The operative engine emergency pump should
be ON and the mixture RICH. Advance the propeller control (operative
engine) full forward. Check to ensure that the fuel selector is ON the main
(inboard) tank on the same side as the operating engine. The fuel crossfeed
valve should be OFF. The cowl flaps on the operative engine should be ad
justed as required.
Maintain an airspeed of 116 KIAS or above and an altitude higher than

',--- normal until a landing is assured. When a landing is assured, extend the gear
and flaps. Slowly retard the power on the operative engine and flare out the
airplane for a normal landing. Trim as necessary as power is reduced. The
airplane will tend to yaw toward the operative engine.
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES PA·31·350, CHIEFTAIN
SINGLE ENGINE GO-AROUND
A engine go-around should be avoided if at all possible. A go-

around from a full flap position is not possible unless sufficient altitude is
available to raise flaps in a descent. A final approach speed above 106 KIAS
will place the airplane in the best configuration should a go-around be
necessary.
To execute a single engine go-around, advance mixture, propeller, and

throttle controls fully forward for maximum power on the operating engine.
Retract flaps and landing gear. Maintain the airspeed at or above 106 KIAS.
Set the trim and cowl flaps as required.
WARNING
A go-around should not be attempted after the

airspeed is decreased below the best single
engine angle of climb speed (104 KIAS).
During climbs, the best single engine rate of climb speed of 106 KIAS is
recommended; however, in high ambient temperatures, airspeed must be "-
increased to 110 KIAS as required for improved cooling. Normally, cylinder
head temperatures can be maintained within limits through cowl flap
adjustments. Climb rate will be reduced by approximately 50 FPM.
AIR START (UNFEATHERING PROCEDURE)
Turn ON the fuel selector of the inoperative engine side and push in the
fuel boost pump circuit breaker. Turn on the magnetos. Open the throttle
112 inch. Move the propeller eontrol one half forward, and the mixture
control, full forward. Engage the starter until the propeller is unfeathered.
As the RPM passes 1000 coming out of feather, pull the propeller control
back to the low RPM position to prevent excessive engine speed. Maintain
the engine speed between 1800 and 2000 RPM, not exceeding 2000 RPM.
This low power selling must be held until the engine is warmed up and oil
pressure and temperature are stabilized within limits. Turn the alternator
ON and check the engine instruments. The air conditioner and propeller
synchrophaser (if installed) can then be turned ON.

3-20 REVISED: NOVEMBER 18, 1983
3.9 ENGINE ROUGHNESS

If an engine falters or runs erratically, the cause may be fuel flow
interruption, fuel contamination, icing or air starvation, or ignition
problems. If roughness occurs, turn the emergency fuel pumps ON. Scan the
engine instruments to see if the cause can be determined. Adjust the mixture
controls for maximum smoothness; if the mixture is too rich or too lean,
engine roughness may result. Open the alternate air control; a blocked
induction system can cause roughness. If cylinder head temperatures are too
high or too low, adjust the cowl flaps as required.
If the problem is in the fuel system, selecting another tank containing

fuel may remedy the situation. A check of the magnetos will determine if they
are operating properly.
WARNING
If either the right or left fuel flow warning

light illuminates and the fuel gauge indicates
fuel remaining in the corresponding inboard
tank, this will indicate a malfunction of the
flapper door in the inboard tank. Immediately
select the outboard tank or select cross feed to
avoid fuel flow interruption.
3.11 ENGINE OVERHEAT
If engine temperatures become excessive, open the cowl flaps.

Enriching the mixture and reducing power will also reduce engine
temperature. If a more rapid reduction of engine temperature is desired,
increase the airspeed by establishing a shallow dive.
3.13 LOSS OF OIL PRESSURE
Loss of oil pressure could be caused by a faulty pump, oil exhaustion, or

a leak. A loss of oil pressure indication could be the result of a faulty gauge.
In any event, continued operation of the engine could result in a serious
emergency situation or severe engine damage.
Complete the "Engine Securing Procedure" (paragraph 3.7) on the

faulty engine.
If engine oil is depleted. the engine will seize and if feathering is not
initiated before 1000 RPM is reached, propeller will not feather.

REVISED: JANUARY 20,2006 3-21
3.15 ROUGH AIR OPERATION
In conditions of extreme turbulence, slow the airplane to maneuvering

speed or slightly less. Maneuvering speed will decrease with the weight of the
airplane - e.g., 160 KIAS at 7000 lbs., 156 KIAS at 6200 lbs. A reduction in
speed will ease the stress to which the airplane is subjected by turbulence. Fly
attitude and avoid abrupt maneuvers. Fasten seat belts and shoulder
harnesses as a precaution against buffeting and lurching. When flying in
extreme turbulence or strong vertical currents and using the autopilot, the
altitude-hold should not be used.
3.17 ENGINE FIRE ON GROUND (Engine start,

taxi and takeoff with sufficient distance remaining to stop)
The first step to extinguish the fire is to move the fire wall fuel shutoff
valve to OFF. Next, turn OFF the emergency fuel pump and pull out on the
fuel boost pump circuit breaker. This will stop the flow of fuel to the burning
engine. The brakes should be used as required. OPEN the throttle. Use the
radio to call for assistance.
If the fire persists, move the mixture control to IDLE CUT-OFF, shut
down the engines and evacuate; the fire should be extinguished by an"--.-.
external means.
If the fire is on the ground near the airplane. it may be possible to taxi to
safety.
3.19 ENGINE FIRE IN FLIGHT
Should an engine fire occur in flight, first move the firewall shutoff valve
of the affected engine to the OFF position. Next, close the throttle,
feather the propeller, and place the mixture control in the idle cut-off
position. Then, complete shutdown of the affected engine using the Engine
Securing Procedure in paragraph 3.7. If the fire persists, attempt to blow it
out by increasing airspeed as much as possible. Land at the nearest suitable
airport.
3-22 REVISED: APRIL 27,1990
3.21 ELECTRICAL FIRE
The presence of smoke in the cabin or the distinctive odor of

smouldering insulation are indications of an electrical fire. The first step in
coping with an electrical fire is to turn the master switch OFF. During night
flight, be sure that a flashlight is in hand before turning' off the master switch.
Check for open circuit breakers; then pull all circuit breakers and turn OFF
all electrical switches and avionics switches.
Return the master switch to ON and, one unit at a time, turn ON the
electrical switches and press in the circuit breakers for the individual units
required for flight. When the faulty unit is located, pull its circuit breaker
and turn its switch OFF. The failed unit should be left OFF for the
remainder of the flight.
3.23 CROSSFEED
Crossfeed should be employed only when it is necessary to extend range

during single-engine operation. Crossfeed must be OFF for takeoffs and
landings.
To activate the crossfeed system, place the fuel selector valve of the
inoperative engine side on either of the tanks on that side containing
sufficient fuel quantity. Press in the fuel boost pump circuit breaker for the
inoperative engine side, and turn ON the emergency fuel pump of the
inoperative engine.
Turn ON the crossfeed valve located at the base of the control pedestal.
Then, on the side of the operating engine, turn OFF the fuel selector, pull the
fuel boost pump circuit breaker, and turn OFF the emergency fuel pump.
3.25 COMING OUT OF CROSSFEED (PRIOR TO LANDING)
To return to normal operation during a single-engine landing when the

crossfeed system has been in use, first place the fuel selector on the operating
engine side in the INBOARD tank position. Press in the fuel boost pump
circuit breaker for the operating engine and turn ON its emergency fuel
pumps. Then turn OFF the crossfeed valve, and on the inoperative side, pull
the fuel boost pump circuit breaker and turn OFF the emergency fuel pump
and the fuel selector. It is recommended that the fuel system be returned to
normal in sufficient time to determine normal operation prior to entering the
landing pattern.

3·23
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES PA-31-3S0, CHIEFTAIN
3.27 ONE ALTERNATOR INOPERATIVE LIGHT ON
In the event one of the alternator inoperative warning lights on the

instrument panel illuminates, indicating an alternator failure, reduce the
electrical load to the minimum necessary to sustain a safe tlight. Turn OFF
the side of the master switch corresponding to the side of 'the inoperative
alternator. This will open the field circuit of the inoperative alternator. Reset
any circuit breakers which may have popped. Return the appropriate side of
the master switch to the ON position, and, if the alternator inoperative light
has extinguished, reinstate the electrical load. If the warning light remains lit
or if the alternator circuit breaker has tripped, return the corresponding side
of the master switch to the OFF position, and continue the tlight with a
reduced eleetrical load.
3.29 TWO ALTERNATOR INOPERATIVE LIGHTS ON
If both alternator inoperative lights come on, repeat the above

procedure individually for each side. Should both warning lights remain lit
even after corrective action, turn ON both sides of the master switch and turn
OFF both alternator circuit breaker switches. Reduce electrical load to an
absolute minimum and terminate the flight as soon as possible, since all
electrical power is being supplied by the airplane battery.
CAUTION
The alternator circuit breaker switches should

not bc opened manually when the alternators
are functioning properly.
In case of the loss of both alternators, reduce electrical load by

disconnecting the following equipment, as appropriate to the airplane:
(a) Turn OFF switches for the following:

(1) Right pi tot heat
(2) Cabin heater
(3) Heated windshield
(4) Autopilot
(5) All unnecessary avionic equipment
(6) Prop deicing
(7) Alternator field switches

3-24
(b) Open the following circuit breakers:

(I) Right turn indicator
(2) Trim indicating system
(3) Instrument panel lighting (use flashlight)
(4) Map lights
(5) Cabin reading lights
CAUTION
If load shedding procedures have been carried

out, the battery will provide electric power for
approximately 35 minutes to complete a
landing under IFR conditions including only a
single flap extension and use of landing lights
for a limited time. The above time depends
upon the condition of the battery, temperature,
and the time elapsed between alternator failure
and load shedding.
3.31 PROPELLER/GOVERNOR MALFUNCTIONS
An internal malfunction of the propeller or governor could cause loss of

RPM control and uncommanded movement of the propeller blades into
high pitch or feather, or against the low pitch blade stop. A proper preflight
check of the propeller governing and feather functions should indicate such
malfunctions before takeoff. Should such a failure occur while airborne, the
fol1owing actions are recommended:
PROPELLER RPM UNDERSPEED
If an uncommanded RPM decrease occurs while operating at high

power settings, immediately retard the throttle to a low cruise power setting
and advance the mixture control to full RICH. If the propeller moves to
feather, as indicated by a very low RPM and attendant vibration, shut down
the engine with the mixture control (idle cut-oft) and move the propeller
control to FEATHER. (Refer to Engine Securing Procedures.)
NOTE
The propeller will move to feather if engine oil

pressure is lost.

3·25
PROPELLER RPM OVERSPEED
An uncommanded RPM increase could indicate an internal failure that

has caused the propeller to move to full low pitch. Initiate corrective action
by immediately reducing the throttle setting and decreasing the airspeed with
a nose-up attitude. If the propeller has moved to the low pitch stop, it is
effectively a very low pitch fixed-pitch propeller and will exceed the 2575
RPM limit until both airspeed and manifold pressure have been reduced.
At idle throttle, airspeed must be reduced below 127 KIAS to maintain

the propeller speed below 2575 RPM. Once airspeed has been reduced,
usable power for low-speed cruise (near single engine best rate of climb
speed) and approach will be available without exceeding 2575 RPM.
Once the propeller speed has been reduced to 2575 RPM by airspeed
and power reductions, the pilot can test for regained RPM control with the
propeller lever.
The engine should not be shut down if the propeller cannot be feathered
since high drag would result from a windmilling propeller in low pitch. If
engine shut down is desired, the pilot should first test for feathering ability
with the engine running at idle throttle. (Refer to Engine Securing "---
Procedures if propeller will feather.)
NOTE
Do not secure the engine if the propeller cannot

be feathered.
3.33 EMERGENCY GEAR EXTENSION
If the landing gear fails to extend when the gear selector is placed in the
DOWN position, the hand-operated emergency gear extender should be
employed. The emergency gear extender is located beneath the access plate
on the cabin noor, between the crew seats.
Before the gear is extended, the airspeed must be reduced below a

maximum of 153 KIAS. To extend the gear by use of the emergency
extender, the gear selector must be in the DOWN position. "-...-.

3-26
When the emergency gear extender cover if lifted, note that instructions
are printed inside. Extend the emergency gear handle completely, and pump
the handle until the three green lights on the instrument panel indicate that
all three gears are locked down (approximately 50 full strokes will be
required to complete this operation). The master switch must be ON for the
gear lights to illuminate. Continue pumping until hydraulic pressure builds
and the gear selector returns to the neutral position.
NOTE
Should the landing gear still not indicate three
green after the emergency gear extension
procedure has been accomplished, pull the
Landing Gear Safety Solenoid (LG SAFETY)
circuit breaker. Reset the circuit breaker after all
three gear lights indicate down and locked.
3.35 EMERGENCY EXIT

An emergency exit is located on the right side of the fuselage, and is the
third window from the front. With the cockpit-cabin divider installed, the
emergency window will appear as the second window from the front on the
right side of the cabin.
To use the emergency exit. remove the plexiglas cover over the handle;
then pull the handle and push out on the window.
3.37 GEAR UP LANDING

If all normal and emergency gear extension procedures have failed, a
gear up landing will be necessary. Select a suitable landing area. If possible,
inform ground personnel of the emergency situation. If time allows, burn off
excess fuel. Brief passengers on the use of the emergency exit and be sure that
all occupants have seat belts and shoulder harnesses secured properly.
When ready to land, complete the landing checklist as for a normal
landing, except that the gear selector should be in the UP position. Turn
OFF the autopilol, and, in daylight. turn OFF the master switch. During a
night landing when the master switch is left ON. the gear warning horn may
sound when the throttles are retarded.
Make a normal approach, and when the runway is "made" and landing
is assured, place mixtures in IDLE CUT-OFF, FEATHER the propellers,
and turn OFF the fire wall fuel shutoffs and fuel selectors. Land smoothly,
touching down in a level attitude. At night, turn OFF the master switch after
touchdown. All occupants should evacuate as soon as the airplane has
stopped.

REVISED: OCTOBER 17,2005 3-27
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES PA.31-350, CHIEFTAIN
NOTE
The landing light is attached to the nose gear.

Therefore, if the nose gear is not extended, the
landing light will not be functioning.
3.39 FLAP SYSTEM MALFUNCTION
In the event of a flap system failure which causes asymmetric ("Split")

flaps, the flap drive stops automatically and the "flap" annunciator lights
when the difference between the Haps reaches five degrees. If this occurs, no
further control of the flaps is provided and the remainder of the flight
including the landing and go-around if necessary, must be planned without
repositioning the flaps. Asymmetric flaps may usually be identified by a
rolling tendency, depending on the lift characteristics of the tlaps at the
positions where they fail.
A "FLAP" annunciator warning without asymmetric flaps can be

caused by a failed amplifier. In this case, the flight may be continued with the,
know ledge that, in the event of asymmetric flaps, no further annunciator
warning will exist. The amplifier should be replaced prior to the next flight.
Failure of the flaps to move without an asymmetric condition can be

caused by a tripped nap control circuit breaker or nap motor circuit breaker
at the circuit breaker panel on the left wall of the cockpit. If neither circuit
breaker is tripped, a fault exists in the flap dri ve and further effort to
reposition the flaps should be carefully considered so as not to compound
the problem.
If a flap malfunction should occur and the nap control circuit breaker
or the flap motor circuit breaker is not tripped, proceed accordingly to the
Emergency Procedure Checklist on page 3-13.
CAUTION
Do not reset a tripped flap motor circuit

breaker if a split flap condition exists.

3·28
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 4
NORMAL PROCEDURES
Paragraph Page
No. No.
4.1 General.. ........... .................... ..... ............. ......... ............................ 4-1
4.3 Airspeeds for Safe Operation ...................................................... 4-2
4.5 Normal Procedures Checklist ..................................................... 4-3
Pret1ight Check ...................................................................... 4-3
Before Starting Engines ......................................................... 4-5
Engine Start ............................................................................ 4-6
Before Taxiing... ... .......... ..... ..... ........ ......... ....... ........ ...... ....... 4-7
Taxiing ................................................................................... 4-7
Engine Run-Up ...................................................................... 4-8
Before Takeoff... ....... ...... ..... .... ... ...... ..... ...... ..... ........ ...... ....... 4-8
Normal Takeoff ...................................................................... 4-9
Short Field Takeoff ................................................................ 4-9
Climb ..................................................................................... 4-10
Cruise ..................................................................................... 4-10
Descent.......................................................... ......................... 4-10
Before Landing ...................................................................... 4-10
Balked Landing .... .......... ..... .................................................. 4-10a
After Landing (Clear of Runway) .......................................... 4-lOa
Shutdown ............. ............... ....... ........................................... 4-IOa
4.7 Amplified Normal Procedures (Genera!) .................................... 4-11
4.9 Pret1ight Check ........................................................................... 4-11
4.11 Before Starting Engines ............ ..... ............................................. 4-14
4.13 Engine Start................................................................................ 4-15
4.15 Before Taxiing ............... ..... .............................................. .......... 4-16
4.17 Taxiing ......... .................. ... .......................................................... 4-17
4.19 Engine Run-Up .............. ..... ......... ......... ......... ................... .......... 4-17
REPORT: LK-1208
4-i
SECTION 4 (cont)
Paragraph Page
No. No.
4.21 Before Takeoff ......... .... ..... ........ ..... .......... .... ..... ......... .......... ....... 4-18
4.23 Takeoff .............................. ....... ............................ ....................... 4-18a
4.24 Climb ........ ..... ........ ..... ............. ............. ...................... ................ 4-19
4.25 Cruise .......................................................................................... 4-19
4.27 Descent ....................................................................................... 4-21
4.29 Before Landing ........................................................................... 4-21
4.31 Balked Landing ........................................................................... 4-22
4.33 After Landing (Clear Of Runway).............................................. 4-22
4.35 Shutdown .................................................................................... 4-23
4.37 Leaning Procedures .................................................................... 4-23 '--

4.39 VSSE Intentional One Engine Inoperative Speed ....................... 4-25
4.41 YMCA Air Minimum Control Speed .......................................... 4-25
4.43 Simulated Single Engine Zero Thrust.. ....................................... 4-27
REPORT: LK-1208
4-ii
PA·31·350, CHIEFTAIN NORMAL PROCEDURES
SECTION 4
NORMAL PROCEDURES
4.1 GENERAL
This section describes the recommended procedures for the conduct of

normal operations for PA-31-350 Chieftain airplane. All of the required
(FAA regulations) procedures and those necessary for the operation of the I
airplane as determined by the operating and design features of the airplane
are presented.
Normal procedures associated with those optional systems and

equipment which require handbook supplements are presented in Section 9
(Supplements).
These procedures are provided as a source of reference and review and

'-- to supply information on procedures which are not the same for all aircraft.
Pilots should familiarize themselves with the procedures given in this section
in order to become proficient in the normal operations of the airplane.
The first portion of this section is a short form check list which supplies
an action sequence for normal procedures with little emphasis on the
operation of the systems.
The remainder of the section is devoted to amplified normal procedures

which provide detailed information and explanations of the procedures and
how to perform them. This portion of the section is not intended for use as an
in-flight reference due to the lengthy explanations. The short form check list
should be used in flight.
The pilot should use the full Maximum Continuous Power rating of the
engine when safety considerations so dictate.
REVISED: SEPTEMBER 16, 1980 4·1
NORMAL PROCEDURES PA-31-350, CHIEFTAIN
4.3 AIRSPEEDS FOR SAFE OPERATION
The following airspeeds are those which are significant to the operation
of the airplane. These figures are for standard airplanes flown at gross weight
under normal conditions at sea level. For additional airspeed information
see Section 2.
Performance for a specific airplane may vary from published figures

depending upon the equipment installed, the condition of the engines,
airplane, and equipment, atmospheric conditions and piloting technique.
(a) Never Exceed Speed 236 KIAS

(b) Maximum Structural Cruising Speed 185 KIAS
(c) Design Maneuvering Speed 160 KIAS
(d) Maximum Flaps Extended Speed
25° Flaps 162 KIAS
Full Flaps (40°) 132 KIAS
(e) Maximum Gear Extended Speed 153 KIAS
(f) Maximum Gear Operating Speed
Extend 153 KIAS
Retract 128 KIAS
(g) Best Rate of Climb Speed '~
0° Flaps 101 KIAS

(h) Best Angle of Climb Speed
0° Flaps 84 KIAS
(i) Final Approach Speed 95 KIAS
(j) Intentional One Engine Inoperative Speed 92 KIAS
(k) Maximum Demonstrated Crosswind 20KTS

PA-31-350, CHIEFTAIN NORMAL PROCEDURES
['
•..........•.....•...........1
WALK·AROUND
Figure 4-1
4.5 NORMAL PROCEDURES CHECK LIST
PREFLIGHT CHECK
COCKPIT
Controls ............................................................................................... release
lVlagneto switches .................................................................................... OFF
Electrical switches ................................................................................... OFF
Flap switch .............................................................................................. OFF
Jvnxtures ............................................................................... .IDLE CUT-OFF
Master switch ............................................................................................ ON
Gear lights ........................................................................................... 3 green
Fuel quantity .................................................................................... sufficient
Trim ..................................................................................................... neutral
'-~ Cowl flaps ............................................................................................. OPEN
Airplane papers ., .......................................... ,..................................... checked
Emergency window ............................................................................... secure

4-3
SECTION 4 PIPER AIRCRAF'T CORPORATION
NORMAL PROCEDURES PA·31-350, CHIEFTAIN
Oxygen pressure ....................................................................................sufficient
Oxygen masks .........................................................................................in place
LEFrWING
Surface condition ....................................................................................checked
Nacelle locker door ..................................................................................Locked
Rap and nap Irncks ..................................................................................checked
Aileron ....................................................................................................checked
Fuel tanks and filler caps ........................................................................checked
Fuel tank vent- .............................................................................................clear
Tie down .................................................................................................removed
Fuel drains (4) ..............................................................drain and check for water
sediment and proper fuel
Landing gear ...........................................................................................checked
Chock ......................................................................................................removed
Nacelle ....................................................................................................checked
CAUTION: Check that the four screws securing the nose

bowl are present and secure. A screw driver may be needed to
do this. Check that the six (three per side) side cowling
fasteners are present and secure. Check for both the proper
alignment of the paint stripes on the cowling and fastener and "---~
for the extension of the locking pin indicator in the fastener
slot
WARNING: Failure to insure the presence and security of
nose bowl and cowl side fasteners may result in inflight cowl
separation and loss of aircraft control.
Oil ...........................................................................................................checked
Cow) flap area .........................................................................................checked
Propeller ..................................................................................................checked
Accessory section (engine) ......................................................................checked
Gear mirror ..............................................................................................checked
"'-':;'
NOSE SECTION
General condition .................................................................................... checked
Baggage .....................................................................................................secure
Baggage door ............................................................................................Locked
Battery vents .................................................................................................clear "--

Nose gear ................................................................................................. checked
Chock ......................................................................................................removed
Pilot tubes ....................................." .............................................................. clear
Landing lights .........................................................................................checked

4-4 REVISED: MARCH 17, 1994
PA·31.350, CHIEFTAIN NORMAL PROCEDURES
RIGHT WING
Cbeck as for left wing (3 fuel drains).
FUSELAGE (RIGHT SIDE)
General condition ........................................................... ~ ........................cbecked
Static openings .............................................................................................clear
Antennas .................................................................................................cbecked
EMPENNAGE
Surface condition ....................................................................................checked
Tie down .................................................................................................removed
Trim tabs .............................................................................................neutral and
checked for play

Hinges and push rods ..............................................................................checked
FUSELAGE (LEFT SIDE)
General condition .................................................................................... checked
Static openings .............................................................................................clear
Doors ....................................................................................................... checked
BEFORE STARTING ENGINES

Preflight inspection .............................................................................. completed
Cabin doors ................................................................................................. secure
Passenger briefing ............................................................................... completed
Seats .........................................................................................................adjusted
Belts and barness ....................................................................................... secure
Parking brake ................................................................................................... set
WARNING: Braking may not occur if parking

brake handle is pulled and held prior to brake
pedal application.
Controls ................................................................................................... checked
Fuel selectors ..................................................................................... INBOARD
Crossfeed ......................................................................................................OFF
Fuel fife wall sbutoffs .....................................................................................ON
Alternate air ...........................................................................................OFF (in)
Circuit breakers ........................................................................................ checked
Electrical switcbes ......................................................................................... OFF
Alternator CB switches ..................................................................................ON
Avionics switches .........................................................................................OFF
Alternate static source ................................................................................... OFF
Mixtures .....................................................................................IDLE CUT·OFF
ISSUED: SEPTEMBER 14, 1979 REPORT: LK 120S1 o
REVISED: MARCH 17, 1994 4·5

Master switch ............................................................................................ ON
Cowl flaps ............................................................................................. OPEN
Gear lights ........................................................................................... 3 green
Annunciator panel ....................................................................... press-to-test
Alternator inop. lights ............................................................................... ON
Pneumatic source malf. lights .................................................'................... ON
Door ajar lights ....................................................................................... OUT
Boost pump and fuel flow lights ........................................................ checked
Emergency fuel pumps ............................................................................ OFF
Prop sync ................................................................................................. OFF
AP/FD switch .......................................................................................... OFF
Seat belts and no smoking sign ................................................................. ON
ENGINE START
NORMAL START
(Master switch off when using APU.)

Throttle ...................................................................................... open 1/2 inch
Prop control ........................................................................................ forward
Mag switches ............................................................................................ ON "'
Mixture .............................................................................. RICH (6 sec) then
IDLE CUT-OFF
Prop ......................................................................................................... clear
Starter ................................................................................................ engaged
Mixture (when eng. starts) ................................................................. advance
Oil and fuel pressure .......................................................................... checked
Alternator inop. light .............................................................................. OUT
Pneumatic malf. light .............................................................................. OUT
Gear handle (hydraulic check) ............................ ,........................ DOWN then
returns to neutral
Second engine ........................................................... repeat first 10 steps thru
"pneumatic malf. light - OUT"
HOT START
Throttle ...................................................................................... open 1/2 inch
Prop control ........................................................................................ forward
Mag switches ............................................................................................ ON '---

Prop ......................................................................................................... clear
Starter ................................................................................................ engaged
Mixture (when eng. starts) ................................................................. advance
Normal start procedure ................................................: .................... complete
FLOODED START
Mag switches ............................................................................................ ON
Throttle .......................................................................................... full OPEN
Prop ......................................................................................................... c1ear
Starter ................................................................................................ engaged
When engine starts:
Mixture .............................................................................................. advance
Throttle .......................................................................................... 1000 RPM
BEFORE TAXIING
APU .................................................................................................. removed
"'-- tv1aster switch ............................................................................................ ON
Lights ............................................................................................ as required
Heater/Air condo ............................................................................ as required
Avionics switches ...................................................................................... ON
Gyros .......................................................................................................... set
Altimeter and clock .................................................................................... set
Electric trim .......................................................................... ON and checked
Autopilot ............................................................................. checked and OFF
Fuel valves (all positions) .................................................................. checked
Radios ................................................................................................ checked
Parking brake ....................................................................................... release
TAXIING
Brakes ................................................................................................ checked
Flight instruments .............................................................................. checked
ENGINE RUN-UP
Parking brake ............................................................................................. set
Mixtures ................................................................................................ RICH
Prop controls ...................................................................................... forward
Cowl flaps ............................................................................... '.............. OPEN
Engine instruments ............................................................................. checked
Throttles ......................................................................................... 1500 RPM
Prop controls (max. drop 500 RPM) ...................................... .feather checked
Gyro pressure (4-6 in. Hg.) ................................................................ checked
Alternator output ................................................................................ checked
Alternator inop. lights ............................................................................. OUT
Annunciator panel lights ......................................................................... OUT
Throttles ......................................................................................... 2300 RPM
Mags (max. drop 175 RPM;
max. dift'. 50 RPM) ........................................................................ checked
Prop controls (max. drop 300 RPM) ................................................. exercised
Throttles (600-650 RPM) ........................................................... .idle checked
Throttles ......................................................................................... 1000 RPM
Friction lock ............................................................................................... set
BEFORE TAKEOFF
Seat belts and no smoking sign ................................................................. ON
Fuel selectors ............................................................................... .INBOARD
Fuel quantity .................................................................................... sufficient
~1ixtures and props ............................................................................. forward
Flaps .................................................... checked and set 0° for normal takeoff
checked and set 15° for short field takeoff
Autopilot ................................................................................................. OFF
Trim ............................................................................................................ set
Surface deice ........................................................................................... OFF
Pitot and prop heaL ........................................................................ as required
Windshield heat ............................................................................. as required
Avionics ........................................................................................ as required
Direction indicator ...................................................................................... set
Radar ............................................................................................... as desired
Transponder ................................................................................... as required
Controls ............................................................................................. checked
Emergency fuel pumps .............................................................................. ON ,,--.
Air conditioner ........................................................................................ OFF
Prop sync ................................................................................................. OFF
Parking brake ....................................................................................... reIease

CAUTION
Normal and running turning takeoffs are not to
be made when the inboard tanks are less than
one-quarter full as fuel flow interruption may
occur. Only the inboard tanks may be .used for
takeoff. Outboard tanks are for coordinated
level flight only and may never be used for
takeoff.
NORMAL TAKEOFF
Brakes ...................................................................................... apply and hold
Mixtures ....................................................................................... full forward
Propellers ..................................................................................... full forward
Throttles ...................................................................................... .full forward
Manifold pressure (43" normal-static
sea level std. temp.) ........................................................................ checked
Prop speed ..................................................................................... 2575 RPM
Brakes .................................................................................................. release
Rotate ....................................................................................... 85 KIAS min.
Gear ........................................................................................................... UP
Accelerate to ............................................................. barrier speed (95 KIAS)
'--
SHORT FIELD TAKEOFF
Brakes ...................................................................................... apply and hold
Mixtures ....................................................................................... full forward
Propellers ..................................................................................... full forward
Throttles ....................................................................................... fuII forward
Manifold pressure (43" normal-static
sea level. std. temp.) ....................................................................... checked
Prop speed ..................................................................................... 2575 RP1v1
Brakes .................................................................................................. release
Rotate ............................................................................................... 76 KIAS
Accelerate to ............................................................. barrier speed (92 KIAS)
After the barrier has been cleared:
Gear ...................................................................................................... retract

Flaps ..................................................................................................... retract
Accelerate to ..................................................................... Best Single Engine
Angle of Climb Speed
(104 KIAS)

REVISED: MAY 25, 2007 4-9
CLIMB
Maximum Normal Operating Power (when

safely clear of obstacles or terrain) ,.,.,,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,,.,.,.,.,,40" MP/2400 RPM
Mixture (30 OPR min, 475° CRT max,
1500° EOI' max) ............................................ ,. ...........,. .. ,..·.,. .. ,. .. ,.,..LEAN
Cowl flaps .. ,. ..... ,. .......................................................................... as required
Emergency fuel pumps ......................................... ,. ................................. OFF
Air conditioner ................................................................................ as desired
Seat belts and no smoking sign ............................. ,. ..,.,. ......................... ,..ON
Oxygen ,. ....... ,.,. ...................................................... ,...................... as required
CRUISE
Fuel selectors ..................... ,. ............ ,.,. ........ ,. ... OUTBOARD OR INBOARD
Power ......................................................................................................... set
Cowl tlaps ............. ,.,.,. ....... ,. .. ,. ..................................................... as required
Mixture .......... ,. .................... ,. ................................................... ,..,. ...... .leaned
DESCENT
Mixtures ................................................................................ min. 1350 0 EOT
Fuel selectors ............................................................................... .INBOARD
Power ............................................................................................ as required
Oxygen (below 10,000 ft.) .......... ,. ........................................................... OFF
Pitot and windshield heat..,. ................. ,.,.,.,.,.,.,. ............................ as required
BEFORE LANDING
Seat belts and no smoking sign ..... ,.,.,.,..,.,. ...... ,. .................. ,....................ON
Emergency fuel pumps ....... ,.,.,..,.,. ............... ,..,. ........................................ ON
Air conditioner .................. ,..........,. .......................... ,......... ,. ................... OFF
Mixtures ................................................................................................ RICH
Prop sync ................................................................................................. OFF
Prop controls .................................................................................. 2400 RPM
Oear (below 153 KIAS) .......................................... ,. .......................... DOWN
Oear lights ........................................................................................... 3 green "'-...

PA-31-3S0, CHIEFTAIN NORMAL PROCEDURES
Gear mirror ........................................................................................ checked

Brake pressure .................................................................................... checked
Autopilot ................................................................................................. OFF
Wing flaps ..................................................................................... as required
(162 KIAS max. to 25°)
(132 KIAS max. to 40°)
Landing lights ................................................................................ as required
Radar ....................................................................................................... OFF
BALKED LANDING
Props ........................................................................................... .full forward
Power ............................................................................................ as required
Wing flaps ................................................................................................. 15°
Gear ........................................................................................................... UP
Wing flaps .................................................................................................. UP
Airspeed .................................................................................... 98 KIAS min.
AFTER LANDING (CLEAR OF RUNWAY)
Cowl flaps ............................................................................................. OPEN
~ Wing flaps .................................................................................................. UP
Emerg. fuel pumps ................................................................................... OFF
Heater switch (if used) ............................................................................ FAN
Prop controls ..................................................................................... .forward
Strobes ..................................................................................................... OFF
SHUTDOWN
Parking brake ............................................................................................. set
Avionics ................................................................................................... 0FF
AP/FD ..................................................................................................... OFF
Throttles ................................................................................................ .IDLE
Mag grounding ................................................................................... checked
Throttles ......................................................................................... 1000 RPM
Lights ...................................................................................................... OFF
Heater switch ........................................................................................... OFF
Electrical equipment ................................................................................ OFF
Mixture (1 st eng. started) ...................................................... IDLE CUT-OFF
REVISED: APRIL 27,1990 4-10a
Gear handle ......................................................................................... DOWN
Gear handle (hydraulic check) ........................................... returned to neutral
Mixture (2nd eng.) ............................................................... .IDLE CUT-OFF
Mags ........................................................................................................ OFF
REPORT: LK 1208 ISSUED: JANUARY 30, 1981

4-10b REVISED: APRIL 27, 1990
4.7 AMPLIFIED NORMAL PROCEDURES (GENERAL)
The following paragraphs are provided to supply detailed information

and explanations of the normal procedures necessary for operation of the
airplane.
4.9 PREFLIGHT CHECK
The airplane should be given a thorough preflight and walk-around

check. The preflight should include a determination of the airplane's
operational status, a check that necessary papers are onboard and in order.
and a computation of weight and e.G. limits, takeoff distance, and in-flight
performance. Baggage should be weighed, stowed, and tied down. A weather
briefing for the intended flight path should be obtained, and other factors
relating to a safe flight should be checked before takeoff.
COCKPIT
Upon entering the cockpit, release the controls if they have been
',--_ secured. After insuring that magneto switches, electrical switches and flap
switch are OFF and that mixture levers are in IDLE CUT-OFF, turn the
master switch ON. Check that the fuel quantity gauges are operating and
that there is sufficient fuel for the flight. Fuel quantity gauges indicate the
amount of fuel in the tanks selected on the fuel selector valves. Check that the
three green gear position lights illuminate. Set all trim controls to neutral
and fully open the cowl flaps. Turn OFF the master switch.
While still inside the airplane, check that the emergency window is
secure and that an oxygen mask is present and operational and properly
stowed if installed. Check the oxygen pressure gauge on the lower right
instrument panel to ascertain that the oxygen supply is sufficient. Check that
the oxygen control knob is pushed into the OFF position.
A complete walk-around check should be routinely performed during

each preflight. A set pattern should be established, starting at the cabin door
and proceeding forward, completely around the airplane, and terminating
upon return to the cabin door.
REVISED: NOVEMBER 18, 1983 4·11
LEFT WING
Proceed first along the trailing edge of the left wing, checking the wings,
control surfaces, and hinges for damage and operational interference. The
wings and control surfaces should be free of ice, snow, 'frost, or other
extraneous substances. Static wicks should be in place and in good
condition. Nacelle baggage doors should be closed and locked. The fuel
supply should be checked visually, and fuel caps securely in place. Fuel vents
should be clear of obstructions. If surface deicing is installed, the boots
should be free from defects and flat against the wing surface. If tie-downs
and chocks have been employed, they should be removed before flight. The
wing tip and lights should show no signs of damage.
On the underside of the left wing are four fuel drains which should be
briefly drained and checked for any possible accumulation of moisture or
sediment in the duct system, and to verify fuel octane by checking the color.
Opening each fuel drain valve for a few seconds should allow sufficient fuel
flow to allow the removal of contaminants. Collecting drained fuel in a clear
container and examining it visually is recommended.
The landing gear should be examined. The strut should be inflated to ,_

expose about 3.25 inches of piston tube when supporting an empty airplane
with full fuel tanks and full oil and operating fluids. The condition of
components of the strut, the gear doors, the brakes, the gear micro switch.
etc., should appear sound, and fittings, attachments, screws, hinges. etc.
should be secure. The tire should be inflated to 66 psi. and should be
examined for breaks, cuts, bruises, cracks, and excessive wear.
At the engine nacelle, access panels should be secure. The engine cowl
flap area, wheel wells, and nacelle intakes should be clear of debris, bird
nests. etc. Oil quantity can be checked through the access door on the top of
the nacelle. The oil filler must be replaced securely.
The propeller blades and spinner should be checked for nicks, cracks,
dents, or other defects. There should be no indication of leakage of oil, fuel,
or other fluids in the area of the wing or on or about the nacelle and landing
gear. Inboard of the nacelle, the gear mirror should be clean and intact, and
the wing root fillet should show no signs of stress.

NOSE SECTION
Continue from the left wing forward around the nose section of the
airplane. All access plates should be secure, and the general condition of the
nose section should appear sound. Baggage should be securely stowed and
the baggage compartment door completely closed and locked. Battery vents
and heater inlets and outlets should be open and clear. The nose gear should
be checked in the same manner as the main gear, with a proper strut piston
tube exposure of about 3.25 inches, and a proper tire inflation of 42 psi. No
leakage of hydraulic or brake fluid should be present. If a chock has been
employed, it should be removed. Landing and taxi lights should be clean and
intact.
If pitot tube covers have been installed, they must be removed, and the
pitot head opening checked and ensured clear of insects, dirt, or other
obstructions. When pitot heat operation is to be checked, the master switch
and pitot heat switch must be turned on, and the pitot head found hot to
touch. Be careful, as the pitot tube extremely hot.
The windshield and pilot and copilot side windows should be clean and
the windshield wipers in good condition.
RIGHT WING
Continuing aft and around the right wing, the same checks and
procedures as performed on the left wing should be completed in reverse
order. There are three fuel valves which must be drained and checked for
any possible accumulation of moisture or sediment in the fuel system, and
to verify octane by checking the color. The right aileron includes a trim tab
which must be checked.
FUSELAGE (RIGHT SIDE)
Check the general condition of the right side of the fuselage. The
emergency exit window should be secure and flush with the fuselage skin.
and all side windows should be clean and without defects. Antennas and
cables should be in place and securely attached. The openings in the static
pads should be clean and unobstructed.
NORMAL PROCEDURES PA·31·350, CHIEFTAIN
EMPENNAGE
All surfaces of the empennage should be examined for damage and

operational interference. Fairings and access covers should be attached and
in good condition. Deicer boots should be in good condition and tlat against
the surface. The elevator and rudder should be free and in good condition.
With the trim controls set neutral, all trim tabs should be neutral. Check the
condition of the tabs, and ensure that all hinges and push rods are secure and
in good condition. If the tail has been tied down, remove the tie-down rope.
FUSELAGE (LEFT SIDE)
On the left side of the fuselage, the static openings should be clear, side
windows clean and sound, and cabin door attachments and hinges
operational. If night tlight is anticipated, before completing the walk-around
ensure that all exterior lights are operational; the master switch must be ON
for this check.
When all occupants are boarded, the pilot should check that all cabin
doors are properly closed and latched. The door support cables should be
held in position, if necessary, so that they will not interfere with the closing
of the door.
4.11 BEFORE STARTING ENGINES
After pretlight interior and exterior checks have been completed and
the airplane has been determined ready for tlight, the cabin door should be
secured, and all occupants seated. Check that the aft baggage compartment
and the cabin cargo area if it is loaded are secure and that tie-downs are used
where necessary. Passengers should be briefed on the use of seat belts and
shoulder harnesses, the emergency exit, supplementary oxygen, ventilation
controls, seat adjustment, comfort facilities, etc. The pilot should advise the
passengers when smoking is prohibited and caution them against handling
controls, equipment, door handles, and the emergency exit. It may be
advisable to inform passengers of sounds or sensations which may not be
familiar to them, but which are associated with normal flight. All seats
should be adjusted and secured in position and seat belts and shoulder
harnesses properly fastened. '''_
To set the parking brake, first depress and hold the toe brake pedals
and then pull out the parking brake handle.

4·14 REVISED: MAY 4, 1984
WARNING
Braking may not occur if parking brake handle

is pulled and held prior to brake pedal
application.
Check that control levers move smoothly, and adjust the friction
control as desired. Fuel selectors should be set on the inboard tank position,
the crossfeed turned OFF, and the fuel fire wall shutoffs checked open.
Check that the manual alternate air controls on the lower instrument
panel are pushed in and OFF. All circuit breakers should be IN and
alternator circuit breaker switches ON. All other electrical switches and all
avionics switches should be OFF. Check that all radio switches, light
switches, and the pitot heat switch are OFF to avoid an electrical overload
when the starter is engaged. The alternate static source control under the left
side of the instrument panel should be OFF, and the mixture controls should
be in the IDLE CUT-OFF position.
Turn ON the master switch. Three green gear lights should illuminate.
The alternator inoperative lights and pneumatic source malfunction lights
should come on and remain on until the engines are started The door ajar
lights on the overhead panel should both be out. Check that both cowl flaps
are open. Check the function of the boost pump and fuel flow warning lights
by using the press-to-test feature. Check the annunciator panel by using the
press-to-test switch. Before starting the engines, turn ON the seat belt and no
smoking signs. and check that passengers comply.
4.13 ENGINE START
NORMAL START
If an external auxiliary power unit (APU) is used for starting; the

master switch and all avionics switches should be OFF until both engines are
running and the power unit is removed. When an APU is used, it is
recommended that the right engine be started first. Open the throttle of the
first engine to be started about \12 inch, advance the propeller control
forward, and turn the magneto switches ON. Advance the mixture control to
RICH for about six seconds to prime the engine, then pull the mixture
control aft to IDLE CUT-OFF. Visually confirm that the propeller area is
clear, and engage the starter. When the engine starts, advance the mixture
ISSUED: SEPTEMBER 14,1979 REPORT: LK·1208

NORMAL PROCEDURES PA.31.350, CHIEFTAIN
control slowly toward the RICH position. Adjust the throttle as necessary to
maintain a speed below 1000 RPM. Check the oil pressure gauge for an
indication. Normally there should be an indication of oil pressure within 30
seconds. In cold weather it may take a few seconds longer. If after allowing
sufficient time there is no oil pressure, shut down the engine until the cause is
determined and remedied. Check the fuel pressure gauge. '
Check to see that the alternator inoperative light and the pneumatic
malfunction light for the running engine are extinguished. To check the
function of the hydraulic pump of the first engine started, place the gear
selector lever in the DOWN position. If the pump is functioning properly,
the gear lever will automatically return to neutral.
Start the second engine following the same procedure. The hydraulic
pump check should be eliminated from the starting procedures for the
second engine. When both engines are running, all warning lights should be
extinguished.
HOT START
If the engines are still warm from previous operation, the mixture
control should remain in IDLE CUT-OFF and the priming steps eliminated. "
Open the throttle 112 inch, and advance the propeller control. Turn ON the
magneto switches and engage the starter. When the engine starts, advance
the mixture control, and proceed as in a Normal Start (see above).
FLOOD START
If an engine is flooded (by overpriming, for example) the mixture

should be pulled to IDLE CUT-OFF. After turning ON the magneto
switches, advance the throttle to the fully OPEN position and engage the
starter. Advance the mixture control only after the engine has started. and
retard the throttle lever to 1000 RPM.
4.15 BEFORE TAXIING
If an APU has been used for start, it should be disconnected and the
master switch turned ON.
REPORT: LK·1208 ISSUED: SEPTEMBER 14,1979

4·16 REVISED: MAY 4, 1984
Lights and heater or air conditioner may be turned on as desired. Set

gyros and clocks as required. Set the altimeter to field elevation. Turn ON
and check electric trim. Turn ON the avionics master switch. Check the
autopilot (see Section 9), then turn it OFF. Check the fuel selectors in all
positions, at the same time observing that fuel warning lights should not
illuminate. Check the radios, and set them as desired ..
Release the parking brake by first depressing and holding the toe brake
pedals and then pushing in on the parking brake handle.
4.17 TAXIING
While taxiing, apply the brakes to determine their effectiveness. Check

the flight instruments to see that they are functioning.
4.19 ENGINE RUN-UP
Set the parking brake. Advance mixture and propeller controls, and
open the cowl flaps. Check engine instrument to see that they are functional
and that readings are within limitations. (See Section 2.)
The engines are equipped with a dynamic counterweight system and

must be operated accordingly. Use smooth steady movements of the throttle
controls, and avoid rapid opening and closing. Set the throttles to an engine
speed of 1500 RPM. Retard the propeller controls aft to check feathering;
however, do not allow a drop of more than 500 RPM. Check that the gyro
pressure gauge is reading within the green arc.
Check alternator output by pressing first one and then the other
momentary push button located on either side of the ammeter. Alternator
output readings should be approximately equal.
Advance the throttles until engine speed reaches 2300 RPM. Check the
magnetos on each engine by turning OFF, then ON, each of the four
magneto switches in turn. The normal drop when a magneto is turned off is
about 90 RPM. The maximum allowable drop is 175 RPM. The maximum
differential between the magnetos on one engine is 50 RPM. After checking
,~ one magneto, do not check the next until the engine speed returns to 2300
RPM. Operation of an engine on one magneto should be kept to a minimum.

Exercise the propeller levers through their range to check their

operation. Response should be normal. Do not allow speed to drop more
than 300 RPM.
Retard the throttles to 600-650 RPM to check idling. Set the throtUes at
tOOO RPM; recheck the flight instruments. and reset them it' necessary. Set
the desired amount of friction on the engine control levers.
4.21 BEFORE TAKEOFF
Seat bells and no smoking signs should be ON for takeoff. Inboard fuel
tanks must be used for takeoff; therefore ensure that both fuel selectors are
on the inboard tank positions and that the fuel quantity is sufficient. Check
crossfeed is in OFF position.
Check that the mixture and propeller controls are full forward. Check
the wing flaps for proper operation. Extend wing flaps 15°. Visually confirm
that right and left wing tlaps are equally extended. Retract the tlaps. After
the naps begin to move, press and hold the nap test switch. The flaps should
stop and the FLAP annunciator should illuminate. Release the flap test
switch; the annunciator should extinguish and the flaps retract to 0°.
Confirm naps are at 0° for normal takeoff or actuate to 15° for a short
field takeoff. Check to be sure that the propeller synchrophaser. autopilot,
air conditioner, and surface deicers are OFF if installed. Set trim for takeoff.
Recheck alternator output. Turn pitot, propeller, and windshield heat

on if necessary. Set avionics as required. Set the direction indicator if
necessary and set the transponder as required. Make certain that controls
are free and that all engine instruments are reading within limits. Turn
emergency fuel pumps ON for takeoff. Check that no warning lights are
illuminated. Do not take off if a fuel flow warning light is illuminated.
Release the parking brake.

4.23 TAKEOFF
CAUTION
Normal and running turning takeoffs are not to
be made when the inboard tanks are jess than
one-quarter full as fuel flow interruption may
occur. Only the inboard tanks may be used for
takeoff. Outboard tanks are for coordinated
level flight only and may never be used for
takeoff.
NORMAL
While holding the brakes with the mixture and propeller levers full
forward, advance the throttles slowly to a manifold pressure of 30 inches of
mercury; then continue to advance the throttles at a normal rate and release
brakes, but do not allow manifold pressure to exceed 49 inches~ Use smooth,
steady throttle movements, and avoid rapid opening and closing. Propeller
speed for takeoff should be 2575 RPM.
'-__ The engines are adjusted to provide 43 inches Hg. manifold pressure at
full throttle in standard temperature at sea level. Depending upon an altitude
and temperature it is possible to reach higher (up to 49 inches) or lower
manifold pressures.
Each engine density controller is set to produce rated takeoff power for
the engine. The takeoff power manifold pressure for each engine will not
necessarily be the same. However, if the spread in manifold pressure exceeds
three inches during a full throttle climb, the density controller settings
should be checked and serviced.
At 85 KIAS, rotate to a 10° pitch attitude and allow the aircraft to fly
off. Maintain a pitch attitude which will result in acceleration of the
aircraft to 95 KIAS at 50 feet. Before airspeed reaches 128 KIAS, retract the
landing gear. Continue acceleration to the desired climb airspeed.
REVISED: MAY 25, 2007 4-18a
SHORT FIELD
The initial segment of the short field takeoff procedure is identical to the
normal procedure except that the brakes shall be held until it has been
determined that each engine is operating normally at maximum continuous
power. After it has been determined that each engine is operating normally at
maximum continuous power, release the brakes, neutralize the elevator
control and initiate the takeoff roiL Maintain directional control with the
nose wheel steering system only. Avoid making steering inputs with the
brakes as this may result in increasing the takeoff ground roll distance.
At 76 KIAS, rotate the aircraft to achieve an attitude that will result in

an initial climb airspeed of 92 KIAS. Maintain 92 KIAS until the barrier has
been cleared. After the barrier has been cleared, retract the landing gear, the
naps and accelerate to 104 KIAS (best single engine angle of climb).

4-18b REVISED: MAY 25, 2007
4.24 CLIMB
When clearance above obstacles and terrain permits, reduce to

Maximum Normal Operating Power by setting the throttles to 40 inches Hg.
manifold pressure and the propellers to 2400 RPM. Turn air conditioner on
as desired. Lean the mixture to a minimum fuel flow of 30 gallons per hour at
a maximum exhaust gas temperature of 1500°F and maximum cylinder head
temperature of 475°F. Adjust cowl flaps and mixture as necessary to
maintain engine temperatures within limits.
Turn the emergency fuel pumps OFF one at a time, and check fuel
gauges and warning lights. At power settings above 75%, maintain the
mixture controls in the full RICH position except with Maximum Normal
Operating Power setting when the mixture may be leaned as stated in the
preceding paragraph.
Although the maximum approved operating altitude for this airplane is

24,000 feet, under standard atmospheric conditions and at maximum gross
weight the multi-engine service ceiling and absolute ceiling are 27,200 feet
and 28,300 feet, respectively.
4.25 CRUISE
During cruise, fuel selectors may he on either inboard or outboard

tanks. When the airplane is loaded with a rearward CG., it is recommended
that outboard tanks be used first. This will tend to move the CG. forward
with fuel burn-off. Outboard tanks should be used during coordinated level
flight only. If outboard tanks are used during climbs, descents or prolonged
uncoordinated level flight, power loss may result even if there is appreciable
fuel remaining.
Throttle levers should be set as required. During power changes, move

the throttles slowly to the desired setting, wait a few seconds for the system to
stabilize, and then make adjustments, if necessary, after leaning the engines.
Always return the mixtures to full rich before increasing power. To increase
power, always increase propeller RPM prior to manifold pressure. To
decrease power, always decrease manifold pressure prior to propeller
RPM.
For "best power" during cruise, lean to 125°F rich of peak EGT. For
best economy, lean to peak EGT. Never exceed 1650°F EGT. Refer to
Paragraph 4.37 for Leaning Procedures.

REVISED: AUGUST 24, 1981 4·19
Adjust cowl flaps as necessary to maintain engine temperatures within

limits. The maximum continuous cylinder head temperature is 475"F during
normal operation. At high altitudes, cylinder head temperatures can be
maintained within limits through careful leaning and proper use of cowl
flaps. When cruise conditions permit, it is desirable to maintain cylinder
head temperatures below 435°F to provide maximum engine·life.
Fuel flow warning lights indicate an impending fuel flow interruption

which could result in powcr loss. Use of the emergency fuel pumps will not
normally be required for climbs or cruise at any altitude; however, high
power climbs to high altitude under conditions of elevated ambient
temperature, high climb rate, and extremely volatile fuel may cause a fuel
boost pressure warning light to illuminate and/or the engine fuel pressure
gauge to indicate fluctuation of 2-5 psi. The emergency fuel pump should be
turned ON to provide stable engine operation during such high power
operations, but should be turned OFF after leveling off if reduction to
cruise power extinguishes the boost pump warning light and if engine fuel
pressure remains steady with the emergency fuel pump off. Any time fuel
pressure falls below 34 psi the emergency fuel pump should be turned ON.
NOTE
Heater operation will cause the right fuel

pressure gauge to fluctuate during heater
cycling.
Since inboard tanks must be used for landing, be sure to retain sufficient
fuel in the inboard tanks for normal descent and landing in addition to
reserve fuel for a possible go-around.
NOTE
Fuel remaining in the tanks when the fuel

gauge indicates zero fuel cannot be used safely
in flight.
During cruise, propellers should be synchronized as close as possible.

The control levers can be secured in their settings by use of the friction knob
on the right side of the control pedestal. During flight, monitor fuel gauges
and engine gauges. ',,--

4.27 DESCENT
During power reduction for descent, be sure EGT is maintained at

minimum of ] 350°F. Throttling back at high altitudes (above 15,000 feet)
without first checking that the mixture has been so leaned could result in
engine power loss. .
Set fuel selectors on INBOARD tanks and set power as required for
descent. Adjust cowl flaps as necessary to maintain engine temperatures
within limits.
At altitudes below 10,000 feet, turn OFF the oxygen system. The pitot
heat and windshield heat may be used as required.
4.29 BEFORE LANDING
When preparing for landing, turn ON seat belt and no smoking signs
and ensure that all occupants comply. Turn ON emergency fuel pumps, turn
OFF air conditioner and set mixture controls to full RICH. If a propeller
synchrophaser system is installed, turn it OFF.
Set the propeller controls to 2400 RPM. Landing gear may be lowered
at airspeeds below 153 KIAS. Determine landing gear extension by checking
the gear position lights. Secondary indications of gear extension are the
return of the selector lever to a neutral position and the appearance of the
nose gear in the gear mirror on the inboard side of the left nacelle.
Operate the toe brakes to determine if there is sufficient pressure for

normal braking and make sure that the parking brake is not set. Should
brake freeze-up (caused by icing of the brake assembly during flight) be
suspected, it is recommended that maximum brake pressure be applied
several times to "break-up" possible ice accumulation. The autopilot and
propeller synchrophaser should be OFF for landing.
Extend the wing flaps as required. The maximum speed for up to 25° of
flap extension is 162 KIAS; the maximum speed for 40° flap extension is
132 KIAS.
Landing lights should be turned on as required. Radar should be OFF

for landing.
ISSUED: SEPTEMBER 14,1979 REPORT: LK-1208

NORMAL PROCEDURES PA·31·350, CHIEFTAIN
4.31 BALKED LANDING
In a balked landing situation, set props full forward and apply power
as required, set the flaps to 15° and retract the landing gear. Flaps should
be set at 15° until obstacles are cleared. A minimum airspeed of 98 KIAS
should be attained. '
The Before Landing checklist should be completed before all landings;

landing after go-arounds or balked landings are no exception.
4.33 AFTER LANDING (CLEAR OF RUNWAY)
When the airplane is taxied clear of the active runway, cowl naps should
be fully opened, wing flaps should be fully retracted, and trim set to neutral.
The emergency fuel pumps and strobe lights should be turned OFF.
If the heater is in use, place the heater switch in the FAN position for a
few minutes to allow the heater to cool down before turning it off. This
cooling down period is only necessary during ground operation, not when
the heater is turned off in flight.
Taxi with the propeller controls full forward. Unnecessary radio and
electrical equipment may be shut down.
REPORT: LK·1208 ISSllED: SEPTEMBER 14, 1979

4·22 REVISED: JANUARY 30, 1981
4.35 SHUTDOWN
After the airplane is taxied to a stop, set the parking brake. If the
temperature is below freezing and the brakes are wet, they should not be set if
there is a possibility of the brakes being frozen. Turn, OFF avionics and the
autopilot AP/FD master switch. The heater switch may be turned OFF after
it has cooled down. Turn OFF all other electrical equipment.
Retard the throtlle levers to idle power before checking magneto

grounding. Turn both magnetos on one engine OFF, then immediately back
ON. An engine will stop briefly if magnetos are grounded. During this check,
do not allow engines to come to a complete stop.
Advance the throttles to 1000 RPM to check the battery. With both
engines turning 1000 RPM and all electrical equipment off, if the ammeter
shows a battery charge rate in excess of 25 amps, the battery has a low
charge. In this case, do not stop engines until current drops below 25 amps or
there may not be sufficient battery current for starting.
Leave throttles at 1000 RPM. Since one engine's hydraulic pump was
tested at start, the other should be tested at shutdown. Place the mixture
control of the first engine started in IDLE CUT-OFF. When the engine has
stopped, place the gear selector handle DOWN. If the hydraulic pump on the
running engine is functioning, the selector will return to neutral. After this
check, place the mixture control of the second engine in IDLE CUT-OFF.
Switch magnetos and, lastly, turn the airplane master switch OFF.
For mooring instructions refer to Paragraph 8.9.
4.37 LEANING PROCEDURES
When leaning below best power is permitted (refer to Maximum

Manifold Pressure Vs. Altitude graph in Section 5 - Performance), the
engines may be operated at peak EGT or on the lean side of peak EGT as
long as stable engine operation results without exceeding any engine
limitations during steady state or transient conditions.
BEST POWER
To lean the mixture to best power, proceed as follows:

(a) Lean the mixture slowly until EGT has stabilized at peak.

4·23
NOTE
Do not exceed l650°F EGT.
(b) Enrich the mixture 125°F.

(c) At high power setting if 1650° F is reached before 'peak EGT. refer
to Lycoming Operator's Manual for correct procedure.
BEST ECONOMY
To lean the mixture to best economy, proceed as follows:

(a) Lean the mixture slowly until EGT has stabilized at peak.
NOTE
Do not exceed 1650°F EGT.
LEAN SIDE OF PEAK
To lean the mixture on the lean side of peak, proceed as follows:

(a) At the desired power selling, lean the mixture slowly until EGT has
stabilized at peak.
NOTE
Do not exceed l650°F EGT.
(b) If peak EGT is 1650° F or less, continue to lean until a maximum of

50° reduction in EGT is obtained. Readjust manifold pressure as
necessary to maintain the desired power selling.
(c) If 1650°F EGT is reached before peak EGT is obtained, lean

according to the following procedure:
(I) With the mixture leaned to l650°F, reduce manifold
pressure until EGT is reduced approximately 75°.
(2) Lean the mixture slowly until peak EGT is obtained.
0
(3) Lean the mixture additionally until 50"-100 on the lean
side of peak is obtained. Do not lean into engine
roughness.
(4) Slowly increase manifold pressure to the desired power "
setting without permitting EGT to exceed 1650°F.
(5) Carefully adjust the mixture until EGT is 1625° to
1650°F.

4·24
NOTE
Enriching the mixture will increase the EOT

when operating on the lean side of peak EOT.
(6) Before enriching the mixture, reduce the manifold

pressure as in step (1) to prevent exceeding 1650°F EOT.
4.39 VSSE - INTENTIONAL ONE ENGINE INOPERATIVE SPEED
V SSE is a speed selected by the aircraft manufacturer as a training aid for

pilots in the handling of multi-engine aircraft. it is the minimum speed for
intentionally rendering one engine inoperative in flight. This minimum speed
provides the margin the manufacturer recommends for use when
intentionally performing engine inoperative maneuvers during training in
the particular airplane.
The intentional one engine inoperative speed, V SSE' for the PA-31-350 is
92 KIAS.
4.41 VMCA - AIR MINIMUM CONTROL SPEED
V MCA is the minimum flight speed at which a twin-engine airplane is

directionally controllable as determined in accordance with Federal
Aviation Regulations. Airplane certification conditions include one engine
becoming inoperative and windmilling; not more than a 5° bank toward the
oper~tive engine; landing gear up; flaps UP and most rearward center of
gravity.
I
V I\ICA for the PA-31-350 has been determined to be 76 KIAS.
The V MCA demonstration, which may be required for the FAA flight test
for the multi-engine rating, approaches an uncontrolled night condition with
power reduced on one engine. The demonstration and all intentional one
engine operations should not be performed at an altitude of less than 5000
feet above the ground. The recommended procedure for V MeA
demonstration is to reduce the power to idle on the simulated inoperative
engine at or above the intentional one engine inoperative speed, V SSE' and
slow down at approximately one knot per second until the FAA Required
Demonstration Speed, V MCk or stall warning is obtained.

V SSE is a minimum speed selected by the manufacturer for intentionally

rendering one engine inoperative in t1ight for pilot training.
V SSE for the PA-3l-350 is 92 KIAS.
VMeA DEMONSTRATION
(a) Landing Gear UP

(b) Flaps UP
(c) Airspeed at or above 92 KIAS (V SSE )
(d) Propeller Controls HIGH RPM
(e) Throttle (Simulated Inoperative Engine) IDLE
(t) Throttle (Other Engine) MAX ALLOWABLE
(g) Airspeed reduce approximately I knot per
second until either V MeA or STALL
WARNING is obtained
CAUTIONS
Use rudder to maintain directional control

(heading) and ailerons to maintain 50 bank
towards the operative engine (lateral attitude).
At the first sign of either VMeA or stall warning
(which may be evidenced by: Inability to
maintain heading or lateral attitude,
aerodynamic stall buffet, or stall warning horn)
immediately initiate recovery; reduce power to
idle on the operative engine, and immediately
lower the nose to regain V SSE.
One engine inoperative stalls are not recom

mended.
Under no circumstances should an attempt be made to t1y at a speed

below VMeA with only one engine operating.

4-26
4.43 SIMULATED SINGLE ENGINE ZERO THRUST
To approximate single engine flight conditions without intentionally

rendering an engine inoperative, use the following power settings to simulate
zero thrust (feathered) conditions.
Mixture control (inop. engine) ................................ full rich
Propeller control (inop. engine) ........................... high RPM
Throttle (inop. engine) ............................... adjust to achieve
RPM listed below
ZERO THRUST
KTAS RPM
80 1600
90 1800
100 2000
110 2200
120 2400
125 2500
Straight line variation between points.

4-27
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 5
PERFORMANCE
Paragraph
No.
5.1 General........................................................................................ 5-1
5.3 Introduction - Performance and Flight Planning ........................ 5-1
5.5 Flight Planning Example ............................................................ 5-2
5.7 Performance Graphs ................................................................... 5-9
List of Figures............................................................................. 5-9
REPORT: LK·1208
5·j
PA·31·350, CHIEFTAIN PERFORMANCE
SECTION 5
PERFORMANCE
5.1 GENERAL
All of the required (FAA regulations) and complementary performance

information applicable to the Chieftain is provided in this section.
Performance information associated with those optional systems and

equipment which require handbook supplements is provided by Section 9
(Supplements ).
The pilot should use the full Maximum Continuous Power rating of the
engine when safety considerations so dictate.
5.3 INTRODUCTION - PERFORMANCE AND FLIGHT PLANNING
The performance in formation in this section is based on measured

Flight Test Data corrected to I.C.A.O. standard day conditions and
analytically expanded for the various parameters of weight, altitude,
temperature, etc.
The performance charts are un factored and do not make any allowance
for varying degrees of pilot proficiency or mechanical deterioration of the
airplane. This performance can, however, be duplicated by following the
stated procedures in a properly maintained airplane.
Effects of conditions not considered on the charts, such as the effect of a

soft or grass runway surface on takeoff and landing performance, or the
effect of winds aloft on cruise and range performance, must be evaluated by
the pilot. Endurance can be grossly affected by improper leaning procedures,
and inflight fuel flow and quantity checks are recommended.

5-1
PERFORMANCE PA·31·350, CHIEFTAIN
REMEMBER! To get chart performance, follow the chart procedures.
The information provided in item 5.5 ( Flight Planning Example)

outlines a detailed night plan using the performance charts in this section.
Each chart includes its own example to show how it is used..
5.5 FLIGHT PLANNING EXAMPLE
The following Flight Planning Example illustrates the correct

utilization of pertinent data presented in this seclion of the manual.
(a) Associated Conditions
Certain basic information must be gathered when planning a

night. This information includes departure and destination airport
conditions, en route conditions, and basic aircraft conditions.
Such factors as weather, the status of the runway, the distance of
the night, the number of passengers, etc., must be determined.
Assume, for example, the following conditions:
(I) Departure Airport Conditions
Outside Air Temperature 17°C
Pressure Altitude 2000 ft.
Wind and Direction 15 kts at 360°
Runway Direction 300°
(2) Cruise Conditions

Outside Air Temperature _5°C
Pressure Altitude 10,000 ft.
En route Distance 800 naut. mi.
Power Setting 230 BHP (2300 RPM)
Mixture Setting Best Economy
(3) Destination Airport Conditions

Outside Air Temperature 20°C
Pressure Altitude 2000 ft.
Wind and Direction 10 kts at 330°
Runway Direclion 270°
(4) Aircraft Configuration

Basic Weight (assumed for example) 42001bs.
Fuel Tanks (total capacity) 192 gal.
Occupants 8 at 170 lbs. each
Baggage 2401bs.

5·2
PA-31-350, CHIEFTAIN PERFORMANCE
(b) Aircraft Loading
The airplane weight and center of gravity may be determined

by utilizing the information given in Section 6 (Weight and
Balance) of this handbook.
The basic empty weight for the airplane as licensed at the

factory has been entered in Figure 6-7. If any alterations to the
airplane affecting weight and balance have been made, reference to
the aircraft logbook, Weight and Balance Record (Figure 6-9) or
latest FAA Major Repair or Alteration Form should be made to
determine the current basic empty weight of the airplane.
Use the Weight and Balance Loading Chart (Figure 6-17) and
the Weight, Moment and C.G. Limit graph (Figure 6-19) to
determine the total weight of the airplane and the center of gravity
position.
After proper utilization of the information provided, assume

that the following weights have been determined for consideration
in the Flight Planning Example:
(I) Basic Weight (assumed for example) 42001bs.
(2) Occupants (8 at 170 lbs. each) 13601bs.
(3) Baggage 2401bs.
(4) Fuel (182 gal. at 6Ibs./gal.) 10921bs.
(5) Ramp Weight (total of above) 68921bs.
(6) Landing Weight (takeoff weight
minus item (h), Total Fuel Required) 60301bs.
The landing weight cannot be determined until the weight of

the fuel to be used has been established.
Ramp weight is below the approved maximum of 7045 Ibs.

Determine that weight and balance calculations have shown the
e.G. position to be within the approved limits.
REVISED: SEPTEMBER 17,1982 5-3
(c) Takeoff Distance
After determining the aircraft loading, all aspects of takeoff

must be considered. Conditions of the departure airport and
takeoff weight should be applied to the appropriate Takeoff
Distance graph to determine the length of runway necessary.
Takeoff conditions for the Flight Planning Example are listed
below:
(1) Wind 15 kts at 360°
(2) Angle between Flight Path and Wind 360° -300° = 60°
(3) Head Wind Component (from Wind
Component Graph, Figure 5-13) 8 kts
(4) Outside Air Temperature 17°C
(5) Pressure Altitude 2000 ft.
Using the Normal Takeoff over 50 Feet graph (Figure 5-15) the
takeoff distances are as follows:
Total Distance 2740 ft.
Ground Run 1820 ft.
(d) Climb
Entering the example conditions of the departure airport and

the cruise altitude into the Time, Fuel and Distance to Climb graph
(Figure 5-25) yields the following:
(1) Time to Climb 9.0 - 1.5 = 7.5 minutes
(2) Fuel to Climb 55 - 10 = 45 Ibs.
(3) Distance to Climb 20 - 3 = 17 naut. miles
NOTE
The effect of winds aloft must be considered by

the pilot when computing climb, cruise and
descent performances
(e) Descent
Entering the cruise and destination airport conditions into the

Time, Distance and Fuel to Descend graph ( Figure 5-51) yields the
following: '
(1) Time to Descend 20 - 4 = 16 minutes
(2) Distance to Descend 51 - 10 = 41 naut. miles
(3) Fuel to Descend 33 - 6 = 27 Ibs.

5·4 REVISED: SEPTEMBER 16, 1980
PA·31.350, CHIEFTAIN PERFORMANCE
(f) Cruise
Subtracting the previously calculated distance to climb and

distance to descend figures from the total en route distance yields
the total cruise distance. For example:
Cruise Distance
En route Distance Climb Distance Descent Distance
800 - 17 - 41
::= 742 naul. miles
The average cruise weight is estimated as:

Average Cruise Weight
Takeoff Wt. - En route Distance x Cruise Fuel Flow
Cruise Airspeed at 7000 Ibs. x 2
::= 6492 Ibs.
From the Cruise Performance Table (Figure 5-35) for 230

BRP (2300 RPM) Best Economy Mixture, the cruise airspeed is
184 kts at 6400 lbs.
From the same table, Fuel Flow is 30.8 gallons/hour

(184.8 Jbs.lhr.).
Cruise lime and fuel may be calculated by the following

formula:
Cruise Time
Cruise Distance/Cruise Speed
= 742/184
::= 4.03 hours or 241.9 minutes
Cruise Fuel
Fuel Flow x Cruise Time
184.8 x 4.03
::= 745 Ibs.
The above data can be used to calculate an average cruise

weight in the following manner:
Average Cruise Weight
Takeoff Wt. Ramp Fuel - Climb Fuel Cruise Fuel
2
6892-45-745
::= 6430 Ibs.

If the average cruise weight was found to be significantly

different from the estimated cruise weight, the cruise airspeed
would be changed to coincide with this weight by interpolating
between the appropriate two aircraft weights. For example, had
the average cruise weight been found to be 6600 lbs., then the cruise
speed would be corrected to 183 kts. .
(g) Total Flight Time
The total flight time is determined by adding the time to climb.

cruise time, and time to descend. The following flight time is
required for this Flight Planning Example:
Total Flight Time
Time to Climb + Cruise Time + Time to Descend
7.5 + 241.9 + 16
265.4 minutes
(h) Total Fuel Required
Determine the total fuel required by adding fuel for taxi and
takeoff, fuel to climb, cruise fuel, and fuel to descend. When the
total fuel (in pounds) is determined, dividing this value by 6
Ibs.lgal. will give the total fuel in gallons to be used for the flight.
Total fuel calculations for the Flight Planning Example are shown
below:
Total Fuel Required
Fuel for taxi and takeoff + Fuel to Climb +
Cruise Fuel + Fuel to Descend
45 + 45 + 745 + 27
862 lbs. (143.6 gallons)
(i) Landing Distance
Subtracting the total fuel required from the takeoff weight of

the airplane gives the landing weight
Landing Weight
Takeoff Weight - Total Fuel Required
6892 862
60301bs.

Destination airport conditions applied to the Wind

Component graph (Figure 5-13) gives the following headwind
component for the Flight Planning Example:
The angle between the night path and wind is 330 0 -270° or 60°
Therefore, the Head Wind Component is,S kts.
From the Landing Distance over 50 Feet graph (Figure 5-55),

with the destination airport conditions, the distances required for
landing for the Flight Planning Example are as follows:
(I) Total Distance 1600 ft.
(2) Ground Roll 750 ft.
5.7 PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
No. No.
5-1
Temperature Conversion ............................................................. 5-11
5-3
Airspeed Calibration - Normal System ....................................... 5-12
5-5
Airspeed Calibration Alternate System .................................... 5-13
5-7
Altimeter Correction - Normal System....................................... 5-14
5-9
Altimeter Correction - AI temate System ............................. ....... 5-15
5-11
Stall Speeds ................................................................................. 5-16
5-13
Wind Components ...................................................................... 5-17
5-15
Normal Takeoff Distance Over 50 Feet..... ........... ...... ..... ...... ..... 5-18
5-17
Normal Accelerate-Stop Distance .............................................. 5-19
5-18
Short Field Takeoff Distance Over 50 Feet ................................ 5-19a
5-18a Short Field Accelerate-Stop Distance................. ......... ............... 5-19b
5-19
Multi-Engine Climb
(Maximum Normal Operating Power) ................................... 5-20
5-21
Single Engine Climb ................................................................... 5-21
5-23
Single Engine Service Ceiling .................................................... 5-22
5-25
Time, Fuel, and Distance to Climb
(Maximum Normal Operating Power) ................................... 5-23
5-27
True Airspeed Vs. Pressure Altitude - 7000 Lb .......................... 5-24
5-29
True Airspeed Vs. Pressure Altitude 6400 Lb .......................... 5-25
5-31
True Airspeed Vs. Pressure Altitude - 5800 Lb.......................... 5-26
5-33
Cruise Performance 195 BHP - 2200 RPM .............................. 5-27
5-35
Cruise Performance - 230 BHP 2300 RPM.............................. 5-28
5-37
Cruise Performance 260 BHP - 2400 RPM .............................. 5-29
5-39
Power Setting Table .................................................................... 5-30
5-41
Leaning - Maximum Normal Operating
Power - 2400 RPM ................................................................. 5-31
5-43
Range Profile .............................................................................. 5-32
5-45
Endurance Profile ....................................................................... 5-33
5-47
Maximum Manifold Pressure Vs. Altitude ................................. 5-34
5-49
Holding Time .............................................................................. 5-35
5-51
Time. Fuel, and Distance to Descend ......................................... 5-36
5-53
Balked Landing Climb (Maximum Continuous Power) ............. 5-37
"--- 5-55
Landing Distance Over 50 Feet .................................................. 5-38
5-57
Short Field Landing Distance Over 50 Feet ............................... 5-39
REVISED: JANUARY 30, 1981

5-9
PERFORMANCE PA-31-350, CHIEFTAIN
PA-31-350
AIRSPEED CALIBRATION
NORMAL SYSTEM
WARNING: THIS CHART TO BE USED FOR AIRSPEED CONVERSION ONLY.

FOR ALLOWABLE AIRSPEEDS SEE AIRSPEED LIMITATIONS IN
SECTION 2.
Example:
Indicated airapeed: 120 knOll
FlapI: 0"
Calibrated airapeed: 123 knotl
C
1&1
f
II)
180
II:
C
C
~ 1.0
C
II:
II
:::;
C
c.> 140
120
80
80 100 120 200 220 240
INDICATED AIRSPEED· KTS.
AIRSPEED CALIBRATION - NORMAL SYSTEM
Figure 5-3
REPORT: LK-1208 ISSUED: SEPTE~lBER 14, 1979
PA-31-350
AIRSPEED CALIBRAT,ON
ALTERNATE SYSTEM
W-l-II'IIIIIIIIII
INDICATED 'AIRSPEED ASSUMES
ZERO INSTRUMENT ERROR.
240
example:
Indicated airlpeed: 120 knotl
FlapI: 0
Clllibrated air.peed: 117 knOll
u;
~
o 180
w
w
0..
VI
a:
:( 160
ow
;:
a:
II!
~ 140
c(
U
100
80 110 110 200 22.0

80 100 120 140
INDICATED AIRSPEED· KTS.
AIRSPEED CALIBRATION· ALTERNATE SYSTEM
Figure 5-5
PA-31-350
ALTIMETER CORRECTION,
jjj NORMAL SYSTEM
Q
NOTE: INDICATED ALTITUDE AND AIRSPEED
§e
Example:
ASSUME ZERO INSTRUMENT ERROR.
Q Indicated airspeed: 130 knots

U.I Flaps: 0°
l-
e Pressure altitude' 10,000 It.
CJ
Q Altimeter correction' Add 38 ft, (add to indicated altitude)
!
U.I
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I
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0
II:
I&.
I
CJ
e
II:
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II)
II:
0
0
I
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Q
f'\" FLAPS RETRACTED
~ 2.0000 .
10
tii
U.I Of'\"·
I&.
40
SEA LE"EL
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0 20
~
CJ
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II: 0
II:
0 FLAPS EXTENDED
CJ -20
II: 8~..q
U.I
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U.I
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5e
70 90 110 130 11.0 170 190 210
INDICATED AIRSPEED - KTS.
ALTIMETER CORRECTION - NORMAL SYSTEM
Figure 5-7

5-14 REVISED: NOVEMBER 18, 1983
PA-31-350
ALTIMETER CORRECTION
w ALTERNATE SYSTEM
e
:l NOTE: INDICATED ALTITUDE AND AIRSPEED
~
ASSUME ZERO INSTRUMENT ERROR.
i=
....
<I: Example:
ew Indicated airspeed: 130 knots
~ Flaps: 0°
<I:
U
Pressure altitude: 20,()()() ft.
15 Altimeter correction: Minus 61 ft. (subtract from indicated altitude)
~
w
J:
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a:
LL
40
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~
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w
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LL
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0 -100
i=
U
w
a: -120
a:
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a:
w
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~
5<I:
70 90 110 130 1110 170 190 210
INDICATED AIRSPEED - KTS,
ALTIMETER CORRECTION - ALTERNATE SYSTEM
Figure 5-9
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o PA-31-350
:::0('"')
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00
~ STAll SPEEDS :::0
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t"'" IDLE POWER
>Ul
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('"')
Q NOTES: 1. MAXIMUM ALTITUDE LOSS DURING STALL RECOVERY IS APROXIMAT£LY
trl
coo 600 FT.
2. MAXIMUM NOSE DOWN PITCH ATTITUDE AND ALTITUDE LOSS DURING
RECOVERY FROM SINGLE ENGINE STALL.S ARE APROXIMATELY 10" .nd
800 FT. RESPECTIVELY.
3. LANDING GEAR POSITION HAS NO EFFECT ON STALL SPEEDS.
00 Example:
I-j
'Tl;.o; Weigh1: 8700 ...,
U'O't"'" Filip pwltiol"l: 40·
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v."tI "tI
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,.,f;;.. ,.. ... 7000 8500 8000 6600 6000 o 10 20 30 40 60 80 ~~
........
'C 'C WEIGHT - LBS. ANGLE OF BANK - DEGREES ~-

_0
~~ ZZ
PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTIONS
PA-31-350
WIND COMPONENTS
Example:
Wind wloclty: 23 knotl
Angle betwMn flIGht path and wind: 30'"
HHdwlnd component: 20 knott
CrOllWind component: 12 knott
!Ii
.
!;;;
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CROSSWIND COMPONENT· KTS,
WIND COMPONENTS
Figure 5-\3
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tIl~ ~tr1
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00"'0
o PA.. 31 . . 350 "!'l>-3
0 .....
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~
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t"" Z BOTH ENGINES MCP (2575 RPM) PRIOR TO BRAKE RelEASE
> til
~
, o MIXTURES FULL RICH, COWL fLAPS OPEN,
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~
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n~
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..
~
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> BARRIER SPEED 9,5 KIAS
t""
hample: IT ~..
~ OAT: +20·C
5000
~
Pressure altitude: 2000 ft.
Weight 6200 Ibs,
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..... w ::s"'0
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BOTH ENGINES MCP 12676 ftPM) PRIOR TO BRAKe RELEASE ("")("")
~ ::::~
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~
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Example'
OAl' 10·C
AIR CONDITIONER· OFF. FLAPtS 0·, PAVED DRY LEVEL RUNWAY,
MAXIMUM BRAKING. ABORT SPEED - 86 KIAS
++H+H'"""""'" ............ .
->
t'f'l~
~,...;j
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oo~ > Pressure altitude: 2000 It
PIlOTE
~("")
-0
..........
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t""
>
Weight: 6500 Ibs.
Wind: +10 kts. DISTANCES INCLUDE A 'FAILURE RECOGNITION TIME
OF 3 SECONDS
1m 11I1 rffrrrJ;+tJ:tm-m 2~
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OUTSIDE AIR TEMPERATURE _ ·C >::1
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t:""
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BOTH ENGINES MCP • 215715 RPM. MIXTURE FULL RICH PRIOR TO BRAKE
> til
Z
n
.... ~
RELEASE. 1" FLAPS
-
!COWL FLAPS OPEN· PAVED LEVEL DRY RUNWAY· U trj
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tfj
Example:
'~RRIE.R .SPEED 92 IUAS
OAT: +20°C
t:""
o Pressure altitude: 2000 ft.
weight: 6000 Ibs.
~ Wind: .15 knots
Ground run: 1150 fl.
~
tfj Total distance: 2200 ft.
4000
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to:
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OUTSIDE AIR TEMP.• 'C WEIGHT. lBS. WIND· KTS. BARRIER· FT.
~-
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....
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......
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0
>
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00
::r::
WlUl±JJlJ±BOTH ENGINES MCP· 2575 RPM· MIXTURE FULL RICH PRIOR TO BRAKE
1-H+ff++iHi+fFFfFftf++Ht RELEASE· FLAPS 15°
COWL FLAPS OPEN - PAVED LEVEL DRY RUNWAY
~ ~
("',)("',)
::r::~
~ o ABORT SPEED 76 KIAS • MAXIMUM BRAKING
->
~ NOTE: DISTANCES INCLUDE A FAILURE trl~
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RECOGNITION TIME OF THREE SECONDS.
"":l
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OUTSIDE AIR TEMP .• °C
7000 6000
WEIGHT· LBS,
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WIND
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KTS •
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MULTI-ENGINE CLIMB
(Maximum Normal Operating Power)
Figure 5-19

(
.....
IJJ ~~
.",
IJJ
c::
t!l PA-31-350
. .,' ,.
VoIt!l
';"'"~
~>
"
::? SINGLE ENGINE CLIMB =
IJJ ~ ~
t!l OPERATIVE ENGINE: MCP • 2676 RPM· MIXTURE FULL RICH· COWL FLAP
\2\2
~
t!l
OPEN· INOPERATIVE ENGINE: PROPELLER FEATHERED· COWL FLAP CLOSED
5° BANK TOWARD OPERATIVE ENGINE 600 =~

..... >
GEAR AND FLAPS RETR t!l...,
~ ~~
I:d ~\2
t!l . Example:
+ ..... 0
~
..... .....
IJJ I
WEIGHT CUM8 SP
OAT: +5 c C 600 2~
-
1
100
-...l
100
l'
"T1t!l
OQ.~
2
C1
LBS
7000
8000
5000
KIAS
106
103
400 :1!
Q..
'"
o
~
~
E; 2
(1) C1
u..
CD
o
2
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100 ~
6
~ '~.
...,
~
:-:3 '" OIJJ

~t!l
~q
~.
l'
VI"""
.N
·50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10
OUTSIDE AIR TEMP .• °C
20 30 40 7000 6500 6000
WEIGHT - LBS.
5500
o
5000 >
20
\22
N=
"""QCi t!lVl
~
PERFORMANCE PA.31.350, CHIEFTAIN
PA-31-350
SINGLE ENGINE' SERVICE CEILING

OPERATIVE ENGINE: MCP· 2171 RPM· MIXTURE FULL RICH
COWL FLAP OPEN
INOPERATIVE ENGINE: PROPELLER FEATHERED· COWL FLAP CLOSED
GEAR AND FLAPS RETRACTED
NOTE: SERVICE CEIUNG 18 THE PRf.88URE ALnTUDE wttERE

AIRPLANE HAS CAPASIUn OF CUMBING ISO FTIMIN
WITH ONE PROPELLER FEATHERED.
Example:
OAT: +15°C
Weigh!: 6000 Ibs.
Service ceiling: 14.200 It
211000
'-
20000
t:
I
101
Q
:::I 11000
t:
!:i
c(
101
a:
:::I 10000
I/)
I/)
101
a:
It..
11000
·60 ·40
OUTSIDE AIR TEMP. ·C
SINGLE-ENGINE SERVICE CEILING
Figure 5·23
~-
trlr.ll
<00
PA-31-350
~::s
1"tI
-~
r.Il trl
TIME, FUEL AND DISTANCE TO CLIMB Wtrl
7'~
trlO COWL FLAPS OPEN
0"
•• 00
trl
GEAR AND FLAPS RETRACTED
BOTH ENGINES· 2400 RPM. 40 IN. HG. =~>
~ ~
~T030.PH .~!I'I
itlli1g
r.Il ("')("')
trl"tl
"tI....J
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trl;::
;::=
=trl
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->
trl~
~....J
~("')
trl~ ::J.~ -0
3 ~ 2~
~-
-~_
~-...l
... 31
:: trl Pressure altitude al airport: 1000 h
OAT at airpon: +13°C ~
~
-
_I<:' 2> Pressure altitude at cruise: 16,000 It
~
I<:'-...l
QICII<:' :E151 2 OAT at cruise: _17°C
hi ~30 Initial climb weight: 7000 Ibs. o2
..., ~ 0
('1) -_
Time to climb: (17 minus 1) ·c 16 min
VtOr.ll
Fuel to climb: (95 minus 85) :865 Ibs
N"CI ~
Vt~ Distance 10 climb: (38 minus 1 5)

~ 2
=.("')
:I trl
(J\:I....J
a'0
~ ("')
~ !t:;::
trl
"tI
=
~
0 ~
~ ·eo ·150 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 o 10 20

TIME TO CUMB - MIN.
30 40
0 00
~trl
t:"" OUTSIDE AIR TEMP. °C ;::("')
~
I o 50 100 1150 200 >j
til-
hi
FUEL TO CLIMB - LBS. 20
I
(",)2
~i DISTANCE TO CLIMB NAUT. MI. (ZERO WINDI- 0 10 20 30 40 60 60 70 80 trltll
PA-31-350
TRUE AIRsPEE'D\is~'PREss'uRE ALT'ITuDE
GEAR AND FLAPS RETRACTED· CDWL FLAPS CLDSED

7000 LBS • STANDARD DAY
Example:
Pressure altitude: 7000 ft.
BHP ~Best Power): 230
True airspeed: 179 knots
NOTE
24000 1+t++t+H-
t:: 20000
0 _ _
160 170 190 210 230 260
TRUE AIRSPEED - KTS.
TRUE AIRSPEED VS. PRESSURE ALTITUDE (7000 LBS.)
Figure 5-27

PA.31·350, CHIEFTAIN PERFORMANCE
PA-31-350
TRUE AIRSPEE'o\is.'P'RES5URE AL.TITUDE
+ GEAR AND FlAPS RETRACTED ttj::j:j::;::j::j::j:jft

COWL FLAPS CLOSED
6400 LBS.
STANDARD DAY
.. ~ ..
20000
w
o
a
s
'w"
II:
::l
en
en
w
L:
110 190 210

TR1JE AIRSPEED VS. PRESSURE ALTITUDE (6400 LBS.)
Figure 5-29

PA-31-350
TRUE AIRSPEED VS. PRESSURE ALTITUDE
GEARANDFLAPSiR~E~T~R:A~C:TE~D~~~~~~~
COWL FLAPS CLOSED
6800 LSS.
STANDARD DAY
+ttt-r-H-'1-r
24000
20000
Ii
w
C 111000
J
t:
~
'"
W
II: 10000
J
en
en
w
II:
4
11000
SEA LEVEL
1110 170 190 210 230
TRUE AIRSPEED VS. PRESSURE ALTITUDE (5800 LBS.)
Figure 5-31
( ( (
.....
00
00
~:s
.~
r::: (i ---------------------------
- w~
~ :;r::I Cruise True Airspeed - Kts. ';"':;r::I
::? r:::
..... w>
t.Il_
00 00 Pressure Fuel Flow 7000 Lbs. 6400 Lbs. 5800 Lhs. i=':;r::I
~
~
~ Altitude OAT GPH Total Best I Best Best I Best Best I Best (i(i
~
~
'"
~
:;r::I
Feet °C B.P.lB.E. Power Economy Power Economy Power Economy ::t1:;r::1
..... >
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=
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°N0
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5000
35.0
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32.6126.3
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164
165
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..... 0
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~ > + 10000
-
15.2 32.6126.3 167 163 172 170 177 175
~
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15000 5,3 32.6126.3 171 167 176 173 182 179 6
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v.=
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15.0
5.1
32.6126.3
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153
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156
163
162
169
159
166
-o
~
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.
'.>J ~ ~ 10000
- 15000
-4.8
-14.7
32.6/26.3
32.6/26.3
165
169
162
166
170
175
168
172
175
181
172
178
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<::> 20000 -24.6 32.6/26.3 169 165 177 173 184 181
<::>
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~ 0
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, 10000 -24.8 32.6126.3 163 160 168 165 172 169
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.
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'f':.c "':I'J)
Cruise True Airspeed - Kts. ~~
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:.c
:-:3
~.
t"" -
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~
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~
Altitude
Feet
OAT
°C
GPH Total
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Best I Best
Power Economy
Best I Best
Power Economy
Best I Best
Power Economy
,-------
0
:.cO
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~
- - - - - - - -----------
.... SL ~5.0 38.2/30.8 171 169 174 171 176 174

Z
(":)
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10000
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38.2130.8
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183
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s:;.. N
+ 15000 5.3 38.2130.8 195 191 199 196 204 200
Z
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~ 20000 -4.6 ~8.2/30.8 202 198 207 204 21~ 208
~ 24000 -12.6 38.2/30.8 206 202 213 210 219 215
N
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Q SL 15.0 38.2/30.8 168 166 170 168 172 170
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w=
.
5000 5.1 38.WO.8 176 173 179 176 181 178

~
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'J) « 15000 -14.7 38.WO.8 192 188 196 192 200 ;..
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rn rn Q-
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Pressure Fuel Flow 7000 Lbs. 6400 Lbs. 5800 Lbs. ~ '='
('"}('"}
~ "'1:1 Altitude OAT GPH Total Besl I Besl Best I Best Best I Best
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->
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.... Z
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-
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u.=
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5000 5.1 43.6/35.3 188 186 191 188 193 191
w= < 10000 -4.8 43.6/35.3 198 196 201 199 204 202
-.)"'1:1 ~
15000 14.7 43.6/35.3 208 205 211 208 215 212
...
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20000 -24.6 43.6/35.3 217 214 221 218 225 223
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:: u
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'='
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POWER SETTING TABLE
"'Cl1O
~tti
Q"'Cl
LYCOMING MODEL LTIO AND TIO-540-J2BD ENGINES
:= ri
~0-3
0
:= 0
:=0
:-:3 260BHP :o:Z
r P.A. Std. 195 BHP (Approx. 55%)
230 BHP (Approx. 65%)
(Approx. 75%) P.A.
;...Ul
~
-
N
~
All.
Pt.
Temp.
of 2200
RPM & M.P.
2300 2400
2200
RPM & M.P.
2300 2400
RPM &M.P
2400
All.
Ft
Z
("')
tti
"'Cl S.L. 59 27.2 26.6 26.0 31.5 30.7 29.9 33.7 S.L.
0 5000 41 26.6 25.7 24.8 31.2 30.1 29.0 33.3 5000
::; 10000 23 26.0 25.0 24.0 31.1 29.8 28.5 33.0 10000
tti
:= 15000 5 25.9 24.8 23.8 31.2 29.7 28.3 33.2 15000
00
tti 18000 -5 25.9 24.6 23.8 31.4 29.8 28.2 33.3 18000
0-3 20000 -13 25.8 24.7 23.6 31.5 29.9 28.3 33.8 20000 "'Cl
:=00 -
tti~
;:Stti
U10-3
~z
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~
0:::
22000
24000
I.
-20
-27
-
- - -
31.6 30.2
30.5
28.7
29.0 -
22000
24000
To maintain constant power, correct manifold pressure approximately I % MAP for each
t;;
~
:=
-
;...
:=
000 .. r 10°F variation in induction air temperature from standard altitude temperature. Add
("')
~~
~
~
0•• 00
tti manifold pressure for air temperatures above standard; subtract for temperatures below
c...."'Cl
~0-3 standard. Observe maximum allowable manifold pressure limitations, see maximum 8~
ztti manifold pressure limitation charI. ~("')
Ul
O
~; 2. Maximum Normal Operating Power 2400 RPM at 40.0 IN. HG. to IS,700 feet (permissible ?:=
("')"'Cl
~~ to lean to 1500° EGT or 30 GPH fuel flow, whichever occurs first, provided cylinder head
temperatures (475") and oil temperatures (245°) remain within limits). Above 18,700 feet
::riO
t;;:=
~
~ :--
.... maintain maximum allowable manifold pressure (turbine speed limit). ~~
........
~-
_0
~I.C
Q~ ZZ
(
LEANING - MAXIMUM NORMAL OPERATING POWER ·2400 RPM
LIMITS - DO NOT EXCEED ,
All. MP FF EGT CHT
SL 40.0 30 1500 475

8,000 40.0 30 1500 475
10,000 40.0 30 1500 475
12,000 40.0 30 1500 475
14,000 40.0 30 1500 475
16,000 40.0 30 1500 475
18,000 40.0 30 1500 475
18,700 40.0 30 1500 475
20,000 37.7 1500 475
22,000 34.3 1500 475
24.000 31.0 1500 475
Note that a minimum fuel flow of 30 GPH must be maintained

through 18,700 feet, then EGT limit can be used as a guide for
leaning which should result in less than 30 GPH fuel flow.
LEANING· MAXIMUM NORMAL OPERATING POWER - 2400 RPM

Figure 5-41

REVISED: JANUARY 29,1980 5-31
SKCTION 5 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION
PA-31-350
RANGE PROFILE
STANDARD DAV
WEIGHT 7000 L8S.
FUEL LOAD 182 GAL. USABLE
,
BEST ECONOMY MIXTURE
20000
~ 15000
w
::;)
!:
!:i« 10000
w
a:
::;)
! G:I! !
CD
!
G:I
II)
~
II)
w
a:
6000 :: 9 ~ i
<'It
Go
o 1100
600 800 700 800 900 1000
RANGE· NAUT. MI.
IZEROWINDJ
RANGE PROFILE
Figure 5-43

5·32
PA-31-350
ENDURANCE PROFILE
STANDARD DAY I
WEIGHT 7000 LBS.
FUEL LOAD 182 GAL. USABLE
'+-1+_ NOW I C~AR+ 'AS$U~ESt
1. FIVE MINUTES FUEL CONSUMPTION AT TAKEOFF POWER.
2. CLIMB AT MCP.
3. CRUISE AT STATED POWER SETTING AND MIXTURE.
4. DESCEND AT130 KIAS AND 500 FPM. BEST ECONOMY MIXTURE, POWER
AS REQUIRED TO MAINTAIN RATE OF DESCENT AND AIRSPEED.
5. 45 195
MINUTES RESERVE AT CRUISE ALTITUDE AT BHP, 8EST ECONOMY
MIXTURE. •
ilEST ECONOMY MIXTURE

BEST POWER MIXTURE
w
o
~
6
0(
w
a:
::l
f/J
f/J
w
a:
0211111113111111141111111511111116111111171i1l1l~8!11!111
a.
ENDURANCE· HRS.
ENDURANCE PROFILE
Figure 5-45

...i
....."uj
'OH 'NI-3YnSS::U'd 010:UNYW
MAXIMUM MANIFOLD PRESSURE VS. ALTITUDE
Figure 5-47
PA-31-350
HOLDING TIME
195 BHP
LEANED TO BEST ECONOMY
2200 RPM
NOTE: APPliCABLE FOR ALL TEMPERATURES AND ALTITUDES.
II
6
III
IE:
::J
0
,
- l: 4
w
:=!
;::::
0
Z 3
i5
....I
0
:I:
2
200 400 1100 800 1000

Examples:
FUEL REQUIRED - LBS. 1. Fuel available for holding: 2601bs.
Holding time: 1:33 hours
2. Required holding time: 46 min.

Fuel required: 120 Ibs.
HOLDING TIME
Figure 5-49

5-35
0
ill
~
i
0 ~
0 :I
~
«
z
w
U
0 Z
III
«
I
~
0
0
3NI1 '~31j
o 0
N
La ~
(W') 0
0
~
....
I
(W')
0
CD iii
CD
-I
I ...
0
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cd: 0 ...
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0
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~ 3NI1'HIj
0
0
III
" z
~
0
<'I
W
0
N ~
i=
0
~
0
o
.
o 0 0
o 0
8o o 0
N ~ '"
'.L.:I 30n.1I.1W 31mSS31:1d
TIME, FUEL AND DISTANCE TO DESCEND
Figure 5-51

5-36
PA-31-350; CHIEFTAIN PERFORMANCE
Wd:l - awn:>:lo 3.1.~1:I
8II> o
It)
o
8... ..
o
NO
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~
.~ .. ~. ' .. ~ ..
II)
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in C)
M z
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.... C
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MI S
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a.. ::.::
....
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III ::IE
II.
II)
w
Z II.
(; :::E
z § w
....
w a:
Z
.... C
0
CD g-
....
Il)
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o
BALKED LANDING CLIMB

(Maximum Continuous Power)
Figure 5-53

Vl~ "Cr.Il
~~ ~~
QI'.)"C
o PA-31-350 ~(1
"PI~
0'"
~ LAND'I'NCfoISTAN'Ce' OVER 50 FT. ~O
::;Z
t"" PAVED LEVEL DRY RUNWAY ;...Vl
~
, FLAPS 40° APPR()ACI:t~P.EEIl9.1!! .~I.A'. . . . p()WER IDLE AT 60 FT.
.... Z
~
...
~.+
NOTE
FOR LANDING WlTH FLAPS RETRACTED.
(1
~
~o
E~ampie' USE AN APPROACH SPEfD OF 101 KIA!.
GROUND ROll DISTANCES ONl'V MA'V BE
OAT: +15°C OBTAINED BY USING TtoIf ZERO HEIGHT
Pressure altilude: 2000 ft.

BARRIER LANDING OISTANCE PLUS 50%.
Z Weighl: 6600 Ibs

MAINTAIN POWER AS REQUIRED TO
CONTROL RATE Of DESCENT UIoITll
~ Wind: 10 knots
TOUCHDOWN.
...
o
r.Il
Ground run: 820 ft.
Tolal distance' 1700 ft.
2000
~ -t t:
Z "C
v.
,~
(1 w
0
:;
~
tn
r.Il
t;:~ 1500 Z
<I( ~
~
~
~
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I
(1)
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gJ 1000 Z
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~r.Il
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~
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... "C ~ ~ ,,;,,>-3
r.Il~
~~
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O':;ii' 00
3:~
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1---- ... (1"C

~~
~- - -
=0
.... 0
;;~
.f
~I;.;. o o
~~
·30 ·20 ·10 0 10 20 30 6000 6000 10 20 30 60
........
OUTSIDE AIR TEMP .. ·C WEIGHT LBS. WIND - KTS. BARRIER· FT. ;..:
\I:: \I:: _0
~~ ZZ
( (
CHIEFTAIN PERFORMANCE
'!:l - 30NV1SIO DNIONYl
00
Ii
'" a:
!!:!
a:
a:
0 «
III
0
PI
iii
0 l-
N lac
C
...
0
z
i
0
o 8
It) III
iii
...•
(V)
(V)
~
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~
I
,
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8,..
a.. i
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0
.
(.)
N 0.:
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w
...
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a:
0 Ci
w
c
iii
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0
SHORT FIELD LANDING DISTANCE OVER 50 FEET
Figure 5-57
ISSUED: SEPTEMBER 14, 1979

REPORT: LK-1208
5-39
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 6
WEIGHT AND BALANCE
Paragraph Page
No. No.
6.1 General 6-1
6.3 Airplane Weighing Procedures ..................... . 6-2
6.5 Weight and Balance Data and Record ............... . 6-5
6.7 General Load ing Recommendations ................. . 6-9
6.9 Weight and Balance Determination for Flight ........ . 6-10
6.11 Weight and Balance Visual Plotter .................. . 6-19
6.13 Instruction for U sing Plotter " ..................... . 6-19
6.15 Cargo Loading ................................... . 6-22
6.17 *Equipment List ................................... . 6-27
(a) Propeller and Propeller Accessories .......... . 6-27
(b) Engine and Engine Accessories .............. . 6-29
(c) Landing Gear and Brakes .................. . 6-31
(d) Electrical Equipment ....................... . 6-32
(e) Instruments ............................... . 6-34
(I) Miscellaneous ............................. . 6-39
(g) Engine and Engine Accessories
(Optional Equipment) .................... . 6-40
(h) Propeller and Prop,eller Accessories
(Optional Equipment) .................... . 6-41
(i) Landing Gear and Brakes (Optional Equipment) 6-42
(j) Electrical Equipment (Optional Equipment) ... . 6-43
(k) Instruments (Optional Equipment) ........... . 6-45
(I) Autopilots (Optional Equipment) ............ . 6-49
(m) Radio Equipment (Optional Equipment) ...... . 6-52
(n) Miscellaneous (Optional Equipment) ......... . 6-79
**Equipment List (Form 540-0002) ........ ENCLOSED WITH

THIS HANDBOOK
*For 1982 and preceding models.

**For 1983 and subsequent models.
REPORT: LK-1208
PA·31·350, CHIEFTAIN WEIGHT AND BALANCE
SECTION 6
WEIGHT AND BALANCE
6.1 GENERAL
In order to achieve the performance and flying characteristics which are

designed into the airplane, it must be flown with the weight and center of
gravity (e.G.) position within the approved operating range (envelope).
Although the airplane offers a flexibility of loading, it cannot be flown with
the maximum number of adult passengers, full fuel tanks and maximum
baggage. With this loading flexibility comes responsibility. The pilot must
insure that the airplane is loaded within the loading envelope before a
takeoff.
Misloading carries consequences for any aircraft. An overloaded air

plane will not take off, climb or cruise as well as a properly loaded one. The
" heavier the airplane is loaded, the less climb performance it will have.
Center of gravity is a determining factor in flight characteristics. If the

e.G. is too far forward in any airplane, it may be difficult to rotate for
takeoff or landing. If the e.G. is too far aft, the airplane may rotate
prematurely on takeoff or tend to pitch up during climb. Longitudinal
stability will be reduced. This can lead to inadvertent stalls and even spins:
and spin recovery becomes more difficult as the center of gravity moves aft of
the approved limit.
A properly loaded airplane, however, will perform as intended. Before

the airplane is licensed, it is weighed, and a basic empty weight and e.G. I
location is computed (basic empty weight consists of the standard empty
weight of the airplane plus the optional equipment). Using the basic empty
weight and e.G. location, the pilot can easily determine the weight and e.G.
position for the loaded airplane by computing the total weight and moment
and then determining whether they are within the approved envelope.
SltCTION 6 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION
WEIGHT AND BALANCE PA-31-350, CHIEFTAIN
The basic empty weight and CO. location are recorded in the Weight
and Balance Data Form (Figure 6-7) and the Weight and Balance Record
(Figure 6-9). The current values should always be used. Whenever new
equipment is added or any modification work is done, the mechanic
responsible for the work is required to compute a new basic empty weight
and CO. position and to write these in the Aircraft Log Book and the
Weight and Balance Record. The owner should make sure that it is done.
A weight and balance calculation is necessary in determining how much

fuel or baggage can be loaded so as to keep within allowable limits. Check
calculations prior to adding fuel to insure against improper loading.
The following pages are forms used in weighing an airplane in

production and in computing basic empty weight, CO. position, and useful
load. Note that the useful load includes usable fuel, baggage, cargo and
passengers. Following this is the method for computing takeoff weight and
CO.
6.3 AIRPLANE WEIGHING PROCEDURES
At the time of licensing, Piper Aircraft Corporation provides each

airplane with the basic empty weight and center of gravity location. This
data is supplied by Figure 6-7.
The removal or addition of equipment or airplane modifications can

affect the basic empty weight and center of gravity. The following is a
weighing procedure to determine this basic empty weight and center of
gravity location:
(a) Preparation
(I) Be certain that all items checkcd in the airplane equipment

list are installed in the proper location in the airplane.
(2) Removc excessive dirt, grease, moisture, foreign items such

as rags and tools from the airplane before weighing.
(3) Defuel airplane. Then open all fuel drains until all remain
ing fuel is drained. Operate engine on each tank until all "
undrainable fuel is used and engine stops.
(4) Fill to full capacity with oil and operating fluids.

PA-31-350, CHIEFTAIN WEIGHT AND BALANCE
(5) Place pilot and copilot seats in a center position on the seat
tracks. Put flaps in the fully retracted position and all control
surfaces in the neutral position. Tow bar should be in the
proper location and all entrance and baggage doors closed.
(6) Weigh the airplane inside a closed building to prevent errors

in scale readings due to wind.
(b) Leveling
(I) With airplane on scales, block main gear oleo pistons in the
fully extended position.
(2) Level airplane (refer to Figure 6-3) deflating nose wheel tire,
to center bubble on level.
(c) Weighing Airplane
With the airplane level and brakes released, record the weight
shown on each scale. Deduct the tare, if any, from each reading.
AIRPLANE AS WEIGHED
(Including full oil and operating fluids but no fuel)
Scale Net
Scale Position and Symbol Reading Tare Weight
Nose Wheel (N)
Right Main Whee] (R)
Left Main Wheel (L)
Weight (as Weighed) (T) -
WEIGHING FORM
Figure 6-1

6-3
(d) Center of Gravity
(1) The following geometry applies to the PA-31-350 airplane

when it is level. Refer to Leveling paragraph 6.3 (b).
I
~~~~~~~~~
lw1_____
'STA\
16··
127.6·· - - - J
LEVELING PROVISIONS
LONGITUDINAL· RIGHT SIDE OF FUSELAGE

STAnONS ~7.00 AND J~.OO
LATERAL- LEVEl. ACROSS TWO CENTER
SEAT RAILS.
LEVELING DIAGRAM
Figure 6-3
(2) C.G. Arm of airplane as weighed =
(137 + IS) - 027.6) eN) =
Inches Aft of Datum

6-4
(e) Basic Empty Weight
Arm
Weight x (Inches Aft = Moment
Item (Lbs) of Datum) (In-Lbs)
Weight (as Weighed)
Unusable Fuel (Inbd.) (6 gal.) 36 126.8 4565
Unusable Fuel (Outbd.) (4 gal.) 24 148 3552
Basic Empty Weight

--_.
BASIC EMPTY WEIGHT

Figure 6-5
6.5 WEIGHT AND BALANCE DATA RECORD
The Basic Empty Weight. Center of Gravity Location and Useful Load
listed in Figure 6-7 are for the airplane as licensed at the factory. These
figures apply only to the specific airplane serial number and registration
number shown.
The basic empty weight of the airplane as licensed at the factory has
been entered in the Weight and Balance Record (Figure 6-9). This form is
provided to present the current status of the airplane basic empty weight and
a complete history of previous modifications. Any change to the per
manently installed equipment or modification which affects weight or
moment must be entered in the Weight and Balance Record and Equipment
List.

MODEL PA-31-350, CHIEFTAIN
Airplane Serial Number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
Registration Number _ _ _.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ._ _ _ _ _ __
Date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ _ _ _ _ __
AIRPLANE BASIC EMPTY WEIGHT
e.G. Arm
Weight x (Inches Aft = Moment
Item (Lbs) of Datum) (In-Lbs)
Standard Empty Weight*
Optional Equipment (if applicable)
Basic Empty Weight
*The standard empty weight includes full oil capacity, full operating fluids
and 10 gallons of unusable fuel.
AIRPLANE USEFUL LOAD NORMAL CATEGORY OPERATION
(Max. Ramp Weight) (Basic Empty Weight) =Useful Load

(7045 Ibs.) - ( Ibs.) Ibs.
THIS BASIC EMPTY WEIGHT, e.G. AND USEFUL LOAD ARE

FOR THE AIRPLANE AS LICENSED AT THE FACTORY. REFER
TO APPROPRIATE AIRCRAFT RECORD WHEN ALTERATIONS
HAVE BEEN MADE.
WEIGHT AND BALANCE DATA FORM

Figure 6-7

6.7 GENERAL LOADING RECOMMENDATIONS
EXECUTIVE CONFIGURATION (8 SEAT)
(a) Load occupants from front to rear progressively.
(b) When carrying from 1 to 6 occupants, load rear baggage

compartment first.
(c) When carrying more than 6 occupants, fuel and/or baggage may
have to be reduced.
(d) When carrying 7 occupants, load front and rear baggage

compartments equally.
(e) When carrying 8 occupants, load front baggage compartments

first and locate heaviest occupants forward. Forward baggage may
be required to bring the loaded airplane's e.G. within allowable
limits.
NOTE
These general loading recommendations

suggest normal proper loading procedures. The
charts, graphs, instructions, and plotter should
be checked to assure that the airplane is within
the allowable weight vs. center of gravity
envelope.
COMMUTER CONFIGURATION (10 SEAT)
(a) Load occupants from fronl to rear progressively.
(b) When carrying from I to 7 occupants, load rear baggage

compartment first.
(c) When carrying more than 6 occupants, fuel and/or baggage may
have to be reduced.
(d) When carrying 8 or 9 occupants, load front and rear baggage

compartments equally.

6·9
WEIGHT AND BALANCE PA-31-3S0, CHIEFTAIN
(e) When carrying 10 occupants, load front baggage compartment

first and locate heaviest occupants forward. Forward baggage may
be required to bring the loaded airplane's e.G. within allowable
limits.
NOTE
These general loading recommendations

suggest normal proper loading procedures. The
charts, graphs, instructions, and plotter should
be checked to assure that the airplane is within
the allowable weight vs. center of gravity
envelope.
6.9 WEIGHT AND BALANCE DETERMINATION FOR FLIGHT
(a) Add the weight of all items to be loaded to the Basic Empty
Weight.
(b) Use the Loading Chart (Figure 6-17) to determine the moment of
all items to be carried in the airplane.
(c) Add the moment of all items to be loaded to the Basic Empty
Weight moment.
(d) Divide the total moment by the total weight to determine the e.G.
location.
(e) By using the figures of item (a) and item (d) (above), locate a point
on the Weight, Moment and e.G. Limits graph (Figure 6-19). If
the point falls within the e.G. envelope, the loading meets the
weight and balance requirements.
(f) Location of the point on the Weight, Moment, and e.G. Limits
graph indicates whether the airplane is slightly nose heavy or
slightly tail heavy and can assist in setting pitch trim for takeoff.
IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE PILOT AND AIRCRAFT

OWNER TO INSURE THAT THE AIRPLANE IS LOADED
PROPERLY. THE CHARTS, GRAPHS, INSTRUCTIONS, AND
PLOTTER SHOULD BE CHECKED TO ASSURE THAT THE
AIRPLANE IS WITHIN THE ALLOWABLE WEIGHT VS. CENTER
OF GRAVITY ENVELOPE.

6-10
PA-31·350, CHIEFTAIN WEIGHT AND BALANCE
ITEM WT. LBS. ARM-IN. MOMENT

Basic Airplane 4 8 3 6 6 0 0 3 2 6
Revised Airplane
Pilot's Seat 1 7 5 95.0 1 6 6 2 5
_.
Copilot's Seat 1 6 0 95.0 1 5 2 o0
Seat No.3 1 4 0 1321137 (Reversed) 1 8 4 8 0
Seat No.4 1 6 0 13 21137 (Reversed) 2 1 1 2 0
Seat NO.5 195.0
Seat No.6 195.0
Seat No.7 I 2290
Seat No.8 242.0
Fwd. Baggage 5 '0 19.0 9 5 0
Rear Baggage I 1 5 0 255.0 3 8 2 0
Rt. Nac. Baggage
Forward Half 5 0 145.0 7 2 5 0
Rt. N ac. Baggage
Rear Half 5 0 192.0 9 6 00
Lt. Nac. Baggage
Forward Half 5 0 145.0 7 2 5 0
Lt. Nac. Baggage
Rear Half 5 0 192.0 9 6 o0
Inbd. Fuel 6 3 6. 126.8 8 0 6 4 5
Outbd. Fuel 4 5 6 148.0 6 7 4 8 8
Other
Total Wt. 6 9 6 3 Total Moment 8 9 2 7 8 4
e.G. Location for Take-off 128.2 from Figure 6-19
SAMPLE LOADING PROBLEM
Figure 6-11

Basic Airplane
Revised Airplane
Pilot's Seat 95.0
Copilot's Seat 95.0
Seat No.3 1321137 (Reversed)
Seat NO.4 1321137 (Reversed)
Seat No.5 195.0
Seat No.6 195.0
Seat No.7 2290
Seat No.8 242.0
Fwd. Baggage 19.0
Rear Baggage 255.0
Rt. Nac. Baggage I I
Forward Half 145.0
Rt. Nac. Baggage
Rear Half 192.0
Lt. Nac. Baggage
Forward Half 145.0
Lt. Nac. Baggage
Rear Half 192.0
Inbd. Fuel 126.8
Outbd. Fuel 148.0
Other
Total Wt. Total Moment
e.G. Location for Take-off
WORK SHEET - EXECUTIVE LOADING
Figure 6-13


Basic Airplane
Revised Airplane
Pilot's Seat 95.0
Copilot's Seat 95.0
Seat No.3 132
Seat No.4 132
Seat No.5 163.5
Seat No.6 163.5
Seat No.7 195.0
Seat No.8 195.0
Seat No.9 229.0
Seat No. 10 247.0
Fwd. Baggage 19.0
Rear Baggage 255.0
Rt. Nac. Baggage
Forward Half 145.0
Rt. Nac. Baggage
Rear Half 192.0
Lt. Nac. Baggage
Forward Half 145.0
Lt. Nac. Baggage
Rear Half 192.0
Inbd. Fuel 126.8
Outbd. Fuel 148.0
Other
e.G. Location for Take-off
WORK SHEET - EXECUTIVE LOADING

Figure 6-15

6-13
"'i:I:l
':"'trl
:;rJJ
trltlj
""''''tl ...... ('1
o C"l~
~ =0
0-3Z
r OCCUPANTS
>'"
....N~
Z
EXECUTIVE SEATING
I::)
o I:l:I
00
Pilot, Seats 3 & 4
Seats 3 & 4 Seats Seat Seat
>
r
Weight Copilot Fwd Facing
Aft Facing 5&6 7 8
>
Z
Arm 95.0 Arm 132.0
Arm 137.0 Arm 195.0 Arm 229 Arm 242
('1
trl
r
o Moment/IOO
'Tl>
_. I::)
(JQ ......
:; z C"l
120 114 158 164 234 275 290
"'tl
(D
130 124 172 178 254 298 315 ......
"'tl
=
9'('1
140 133 185 192 273 321 339 trl
(;j ::::i 150 143 198 206 293 344 363 i:I:l
rJJ >
c:: i:I:l 160 152 211 219 312 366 387 >
......
trl 0-3 i:I:l
170 162 224 233 332 389 411
~ ('1
rJJ 180 171 238 247 351 412 436 ~i:I:l
trl 190 181 251 260 371 435 460 ,>
~""i
~ 200 190 264 274 390 458 484 ';"'0-3
~('1
trl
::I:l:I
~o
~ i:I:l
('1"'tl
trl
i:I:l
.... =0
;li:l:l
~"'" ""i~
....
I.e ~ ......
...... 0
~ zz
( (
-
00
00
~
~J
.,,=
~~
7'~
~ ~>
Q
00 OCCUPANTS ~ ~
~ ("')("')
EXECUTIVE SEATING
~ ::c~
->
~ ~"!j
:: "!j>-3
= ~("')
~
zO
~--
~
.....
t'"
~
~
"=
o
\C
......
\C -
0
2:
C'i
9"("')
120 114 158
Moment/IOO
196 234 275 296

~
-
~
o
130 124 172 213 254 298 321 2:
~~ 140 133 185 229 273 321 345
~ 150 143 198 245 293 344 370
>-3 160 152 211 262 312 366 395
,-..
I')
Q 170 162 224 278 332 389 420
~
~
~
a
'-' 180
190
200
171
181
190
238
251
264
294
311
327
351
371
390
412
435
458
445
469
494

~
C'i
::c
>-3
>
6
~
2:
0 00
::l =~
t'" >("')
.
~
t"'>-3
>
0'1
.~
ti:co
~~
~O'I
WEIGHT AND BALANCE PA·31.350, CHIEFTAIN
BAGGAGE
Fwd Baggage Rear Baggage Nacelle Bag. Nacelle Bag.

Fwd Half Rear Half
Arm 19 Arm 255 Arm 145 Arm 192
Weight Moment/l00
10 2 26 15 19
20 4 51 29 38
30 6 77 44 58
40 8 102 58 77
50 10 128 73 96
60 II 153 87 115
70 13 179 102 134
80 15 204 116 154
90 17 230 l31 173
100 19 255 145 192
110 21 281 160 211
120 23 306 174 230
130 25 332 189 250
140 27 357 203 269
150 29 383 218 288
160 30 408 -
170 32 434 -
180 34 459 -
190 36 485 -
200 38 510 -
LOADING CHART (cont)

Figure 6-17 (cont)

6-16
FUEL
Weight Inboard Tanks Outboard Tanks

Gallons Lbs. Arm 126.8 Arm - 148.0
Moment /100
5 30 38 44
10 60 76 89
15 90 114 133
20 120 152 178
25 150 190 222
30 180 228 266
35 210 266 311
40 240 304 355
45 270 342 400
50 300 380 444
55 330 418 488
60 360 456 533
65 390 495 577
70 420 533 622
75 450 571 666
76 456 - 675
80 480 609 -
85 510 647 -
90 540 685 -
95 570 723 -
100 600 761 -
105 630 799 -
106 636 806 -
3 gals. unusable fuel in each inboard tank and 2.0 gals. unusable fuel in each
outboard tank included in basic weight (60.0 Ibs., 8117 in. Ibs. total)
LOADING CHART (cont)

Figure 6-17 (cont)

6-17
7845 MAX. RAMP ~
126 128 130 132-134-135

1000
,
- ~
MAX. TAkE·OFF
6800
IUU
124
6600
__. ~SU
.
6480
1200
122
IUU
_ .......
6000
......................
4000
120 \
124 1 128 I
132 /135
122
126 130 134
INCHES AFT DATUM
WEIGHT, MOMENT AND e.G. LIMITS
Figure 6-19
REPORT: LK-1208 ISSllED: SEPTEMBER 14, 1979
6-18
6.11 WEIGHT AND BALANCE VISUAL PLOTTER
The Weight and Balance Visual Plotter furnished with this airplane is
a weight and center of gravity computing device.
The face of the plotter displays the slots used for plotting and the
graphic center of gravity envelope. On the back of the plotter are printed
instructions for use and general loading recommendations. The center of
gravity envelope on the face shows all allowable moment conditions between
4000 and 7000 pounds, with the limits outlined in red.
The "Basic Empty Weight and Center of Gravity" location is taken from
the Weight and Balance Form (Figure 6-7), the Weight and Balance Record
(Figure 6-9) or the latest FAA major repair or alteration form.
CAUTION
It is the responsibility of the owner and pilot to

ascertain that the airplane always remains
within the allowable weight vs. center of
gravity envelope while in flight
6.13 INSTRUCTION FOR USING PLOTTER
(a) Locate point on plotter face corresponding to the "Basic Empty

Weight" and "e.G." location.
(b) Zero the "OCCUPANTS, 1ST & 2ND" slot over the "Basic Empty
Weight" point; establish new point at weight corresponding to
occupants weight.
(c) For 3RD & 4TH SEATS, repeat step (b) from point 2 (NOTE: Use
correct plotter side for EXECUTIVE or COMMUTER seating
configuration).
Cd) For 5TH & 6TH SEATS, repeat (c) from point 3.
(e) For 7TH SEAT. repeat step (d) from point 4.
(f) For 8TH SEAT, repeat step (e) from point 5.

(g) Zero the "FRONT BAGGAGE" slot over point 6; establish new
point at weight corresponding to front baggage weight.
(h) For "REAR BAGGAGE" repeat step (g) from point 7.
(i) For "NACELLE LOCKER BAGGAGE" zero "NAC LOCKER

REAR" slot over point 8; establish new point UR" corresponding
to the total baggage weight in the rear half of both lockers.
Zero "NAC LOCKER FWD" slot over point "R"; establish new
point "F" corresponding to the total baggage weight in the forward
half of both lockers.
(j) Zero the "INBOARD FUEL" slot over point "F"; establish new
point at fuel quantity desired.
(k) For "OUTBOARD FUEL" repeat step (j) from point 10.
NOTES
Should the fuel slot leave the "c.G. Envelope"

(outlined in red) between 126 and 135 inches,
the fuel indicated at the exit point is maximum
allowable.
Should the fuel slot leave the "c.G. Envelope"

other than between 126 and 135 inches, the
baggage or passenger load should be
redistributed forward or aft as required, to
allow a higher load.
SEATING CONFIGURATION:
(I) EXECUTIVE configuration:
1ST & 2ND SEATS forward facing
3RD & 4TH SEATS aft facing
5TH thru 8TH SEATS forward facing
(2) COMMUTER configuration:
1ST thru 10TH SEATS forward facing

6-20
I!!!I MOOE L PA.'31·3SO

WEiGHT AND BALANCE
ViSUAL PLOTTER
IT is THE RESPONSIBiLITY OF THE OWNER AND PILOT TO ASCERTAIN THAT THE

AIRPLANE ALWAYS REMAINS WITHIN THE ALLOWABLE WEIGHT VS. CENTER OF
GRAVITY ENVELOPE WHILE IN FLIGHT,
I I -
o
1/
4200 >-
I_----l+-t-\t-+IIt +-l-++-+++-+-I-I------j
.f..'
Ii
4000L--~'~~'n~'~'.~'~~'~2.~,~~'~~~,~~~'~S~6------~
C.G, LOCATiON ONCHES AFT DATUM)
WAflN1NG'
WEIGHT AND BALANCE VISUAL PLOTTER

Figure 6-21

6·21
6.15 CARGO LOADING
An optional cargo door facilitates loading by providing an opening

I 45 inches in width and a minimum 31 inches in height. To aid loading
computations a cargo loading chart and a cargo loading placard are
provided. The loading chart is located in the Weight and Balance Section
of this manual and the cargo placard is located on the aft baggage compart
I ment bulkhead interior panel. The chart has station line references which
define the cargo areas and also aid in measuring the arm of the load.
Usually the CO. of an object is at the center of the object except with
unusually shaped objects, in which case the CO. is near its greatest mass. If
you are loading a number of items, which weigh the same, the CO. of all the
items can be measured at the center of the load. Items of unequal weight
should be figured separately. Weight and CO. computations should be
calculated before actual loading. Also compute load weight and CO.; then
compute fuel weight and total C.O. because it is possible in certain instances
to have the C.O. move aft of the allowable aft CO. while burning off fuel.
The procedure for computing total weight and c.g. location is the same
I asthat for passenger occupancy. If the airplane is licensed with the cargo
barriers and restraining equipment installed, the basic airplane will include
the weights and arms of these items. If this equipment is installed later, the
basic airplane shall be revised to take into account the equipment removed
and added. Weights and arms of these items are listed in the Equipment List.
The Cargo Loading Work Sheet is used in a similar manner as in the

previous example. It is the pilot's responsibility to determine the actual
arms of items loaded in a given area.
I permissible.
The aircraft has a placard installed on the aft bulkhead interior panel.
T he cargo loading placard states the maximum weight and floor loadings
In addition the barriers and restraining equipment are limited as
follows:
(a) Cargo barriers Maximum restraining capacity of 2,000 Ibs. at 19

in c.g. height of cargo.
(b) Cargo net Maximum restraining capacity of 1,600 lbs. at 24 in c.g.

height of cargo. This capacity is increased to 2,000 lbs. at 19 in c.g.
height when used with cargo barriers.
(c) Cargo straps Maximum restraining capacity of 150 lbs. at 12 in.

C.g. height of cargo.

(d) Baggage tic down rings attached to seat tracks - maximum

restraining capacity of 200 lbs. each.
(e) Baggage tie down rings attached to Wedjit plates - maximum tie
down capacity of 200 lbs. each.
If the airplane is licensed with passenger seats installed, some or all

of them may be removed for cargo usage.
When seats are removed for cargo stowage, the Basic Empty Weight
and corresponding e.G. must be corrected prior to determination of the
loading schedule. The weights and arms for these seats are listed in the
Equipment List.
Generally when loading, the heavier items should be loaded in sections

B & C first and the lighter items in sections D & E.
NOTE
When loading heavy items it is recommended

to install a post under the tail skid to prevent
the tail from settling while loading. The parking
brakes should also be set.
STA.
I REF .
244
o E
,....---:==::::::=~(("G.. BAGGAG!: TIE

'1 DOWN BOLTS.
113.19
MAXIMUM CAPACITY
FLOOR LOAD ALLOWABLE

AREA
LBS/SO FT LBS
A 100 200
B 200
C 200 1800 2000
D 200 900
TOTAL
E 100 200
F 10 150 EACH
MAXIMUM lIEDOWN CAPACITY

PER FOOT OF TRACK 200 LaS
PER TRACK 900 Las
PER TIE DOWN RING 200 LBS
CARGO MUST BE LOADED WITHIN THE WEIGHT
AND BALANCE LIMITS OF THIS AIRCRAFT
CARGO LOADING CHART

Figure 6-23

6-24
The forward baggage compartment will probably have to be loaded in

order to utilize sections D & E. The empty weight of the aircraft does not
include the cargo barriers, pads, tie-down rings and straps and cargo nets.
However, the above items were included in the empty aircraft weight and
e.G. in the following example.
EXAMPLE:
Weight x Arm Moment
AIC Empty Weight 4316 122.5 528,710

Pilot 175 95 16,625
Load Section A 200 19 3,800
Load Section B 400 131.5 52,600
Load Section C 400 164.0 65,600
Load Section C 200 174.0 34,800
Load Section D 400 218.0 87,200
TOTAL 6091 789,335
Moment -7- Weight:= e.G.

789,335 6091 =: 129.6"
Inboard Fuel 106 gal 636 80,600
Outboard Fuel 45.5 gal 273 40,404
7000 910,339
910,339 -7- 7000 130.0"
In the above example the aircraft e.G. falls within the limits (both e.G.
and weight),

REVISED: SEPTEMBER 17,1982 6-25
WEIGHT AND BALANCE PA-31-3S0, CHIEFTAIN
NOTE
Cargo Barriers & Restraining Equipment is
included in basic or revised airplane weight
and arm.

Basic Airplane
Revised Airplane
Pilot's Seat 95.0
Copilot's Seat 95.0
Area A 2.0 to 35.0*
AreaB 123.0 to 140.0*
AreaC 140.0 to 192.0*
Area D 192.0 to 244.0*
Area E 244.0 to 274.0*
Area F 121.0 (135 w/air
Rt. Locker Fwd. cond) to 174.0*
Area F
Rt. Locker Rear 174.0 to 210.0*
AreaF
tt
Left Locker Fwd. 121.0 to 174.0*
AreaF
Left Locker Rear 174.0 to 210.0*
Inbd. Fuel 126.8
Outbd. Fuel 148.0
Other
CO. LocatIOn for Take-off
*Pilot's responsibility to determine actual arm of item loaded. See Figure

6-23 for locations of loading areas.
WORK SHEET - CARGO LOADING

Figure 6-25
6-26
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 7
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
OF THE AIRPLANE AND ITS SYSTEMS
Paragraph Page
No. No.
7.1 The Airpl ane ............................................................................... 7-1
7.3 Airframe ...................................................................................... 7-1
7.5 Engines and Accessories ............................................................. 7-4
7.7 Propellers .................................................................................... 7-6
7.9 Flight Control System ................................................................. 7-8
7.11 Landing Gear .............................................................................. 7-11
7.13 Brake System .............................................................................. 7-12
7.15 Hydraulic System ........................................................................ 7-13
7.17 Fuel System ................................................................................ 7-17
7.19 Electrical System ........................................................................ 7-22
7.21 Instrument Panel ......................................................................... 7-27
7.23 Annunciator Panel ...................................................................... 7-31
7.25 Radio Operation .......................................................................... 7-31
7.27 Pneumatic System ....................................................................... 7-33
7.29 Wing and Empennage Deicing ................................................... 7-35
7.31 Pitot Static System ...................................................................... 7-36
7.33 Heating, Ventilating and Defrosting System .............................. 7-39
7.35 Cabin Features ............................................................................ 7-42
7.37 Baggage Area .............................................................................. 7-44
7.39 Finish .......................................................................................... 7-45
7.41 Number Plates ............................................................................. 7-46
7.43 Stall Warning .............................................................................. 7-46
7.45 Oxygen System ........................................................................... 7-46
7.47 Emergency Locator Transmitter ................................................. 7-49
7.49 Propeller Synchrophaser (Hartzell) ............................................ 7-52
7.51 Electric Propeller Deicer............................................................. 7-54
7.53 Ice Detection Light ..................................................................... 7-55
REPORT: LK·1208
7·j
SECTION 7 (cont)
Paragraph Page
No. No.
7.55 24 Volt - 25 Ampere Hour Battery .............................................. 7-55
7.57 Air Conditioner ........................................................................... 7-56
7.59 Radar ........................................................................................... 7-59
7.61 Electrically Heated Windshield .................................................. 7-60
7.63 Electric Windshield Wiper .......................................................... 7-61
7.65 Right Instrument Panel Lighting .................. .................. ............ 7-61
7.67 Fire Extinguisher (Portable) ....................................................... 7-61
7.69 Anti-Static Wicks ........................................................................ 7-62
7.71 Ramp Hailer ................................................................................ 7-62
7.73 Cargo Door.. .... .......................... ............................. .................... 7 -62
7.75 Pilot's Door ................................................................................. 7-63
7.77 Cabinetry ..................................................................................... 7-66
7.79 Folding Tables ............................................................................. 7-68
7.81 Toilet Installation ........................................................................ 7-68
7.83 Emergency Electrical Power Pack .............................................. 7-68
REPORT: LK-1208
7-ii
PA-31-350, CHIEFTAIN DESCRIPTION & OPERATION
SECTION 7
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
OF THE AIRPLANE AND ITS SYSTEMS
7.1 THE AIRPLANE
The Chieftain is a twin-engine, retractable landing gear, multi-purpose

aircraft It has a large cabin area that can be converted from a commuter
cabin to a cargo or executive interior. The many options and cabin
arrangements available allow the aircraft to be suited to the individual needs
of the owner.
7.3 AIRFRAME
Aluminum construction is used throughout the primary structure,

except for steel engine mounts and miscellaneous parts. Fiberglass and
thermoplastic are used extensively for non structural parts. The airframe has
been designed to meet the applicable Federal Government load factors.
The fuselage is a conventional, semi-monocoque structure. It has an

entrance door, emergency exit, baggage doors and miscellaneous access
panels.
For ease of entry and exit, a large, two piece cabin entrance door is
provided on the left side of the fuselage, just aft of the wing. The door
separates in the middle with the upper half, which incorporates the aft
rectangular side window, swinging upward and the lower half, which houses
the cabin entrance steps, swinging downward. To open the door from the
outside, push on the upper portion of the door handle and pull upward on
the lower portion of the handle. With the lock mechanism now released,
lower the bottom half of the door and pull out the steps. (Later models are
equipped with an automatic step extender.) On earlier models, raise the
upper half of the door until it locks. The door is closed from the outside by
pushing upward on the knurled cylinder on the upper door support and
lowering the upper half of the door. On later models, pull the upper half out
ward a few inches and release it. From this position the gas spring support
will push the door fully open and support it in the open position. To close,

DESCRIPTION & OPERATION PA-31-350, CHIEFTAIN
pull the upper door down and push it into the closed position. Next, raise the
lower half of the door, making sure the door support cords do not catch in
the door frame, and push in on the door halves and the door handle until the
door is securely latched. As a safety feature, a locking bolt is attached to the
inside of the upper half of the entrance door. When the door is closed from
within the cabin, the bolt is moved to the right across the metal strike plate
attachment on the door frame. This feature provides added protection in the
event the cabin door should unlatch during night due to improper latching.
To open the door from the inside, pull the bolt to the left, push in and hold
the lock button (adjacent to the door handle, Figure 7-1), pull the handle,
lower the bottom half of the door and lower the steps. (Later models are
equipped with an automatic step extender.) On earlier models, raise the
upper half to the locked position. On later models, push the upper half out
ward a few inches and release it. The gas spring support will push the door
fully open. Closing the door from the inside is performed similarly to the out
side closing procedure. The door should be checked to insure proper locking
by trying to pull the handle to the open position without pushing the lock
button and checking that the bolt has been properly attached.
An emergency exit is located in the right forward side of the fuselage.

The 23 x 30 inch exit is an integral part of the third window from the front, on
the right side. To open, remove the plexiglas window located to the rear of
the emergency exit window, pull the handle and push the window out (Figure
7-3).
A large two-piece windshield and six windows along each side of the
fuselage give excellent visibility to the pilot and passengers. The five forward
side windows are of double pane construction to reduce window fogging.
Storm windows are provided for the pilot and copilot in the side
windows. To open, turn handle and pull inward.
The fuselage also incorporates sufficient access panels and inspection

plates to aid inspections and equipment repair.
The wing is an all-metal, cantilever, semi-monocoque structure. Each

wing panel incorporates an I-beam main spar that extends into the fuselage.
The two spars are bolted together with high strength butt plates giving, in
effect, a continuous main spar. There is also a full length rear spar and a
short front spar. All of the spars are structurally attached to the side of
the fuselage.
The wing tips are made of fiberglass and are removable for repair or
replacement. Two bladder fuel cells are mounted in each wing panel. Wheel

PA·31·350, CHIEFTAIN DESCRIPTION & OPERATION
LOCK HANDLE
SLIDE LATCH '~~-'
, Ill:\
. . .;.) I'11'1r;;~:
~
I
, l,
LOCK BUTTON
CABIN ENTRANCE DOOR LATCH
Figure 7-1
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SIN 31-8052001 THRU 31-8352042 SIN 31-8452001 AND UP
E"\1ERGENCY EXIT RELEASE
Figure 7-3
ISSUED: SEPTE"\1BER 14,1979 REPORT: LK·1208
REVISED: "\1AY 4, 1984 7·3
wells in each wing panel store the main gear when retracted. Wheel well
doors completely enclose the gear when retracted. Access openings are
provided 10 aid in inspecting and servicing components in the wing. A
portion of the leading edge, inboard of the nacelle, is removable for access to
and inspection of the wires and lines in the leading edge.
Ailerons are all metal and are fully balanced for smooth control of the
aircraft.
Flaps are all metal and are actuated by an electric motor located under
the cabin floor. The flap is connected to a screw transmission, which is
actuated by a flexible shaft connected to the electric motor.
The engine nacelles are an integral part of the wing. They provide
structure for mounting the engines and also added baggage area accessible
from the rear of the nacelle.
The empennage consists of a vertical fin, a rudder, a horizontal

stabilizer and elevators. They utilize an aluminum cantilever structure with
fiberglass tips. The rudder and elevators both have trim tabs. The elevator
tab also serves as an anti-servo tab.
7.5 ENGINES AND ACCESSORIES
The Chieftain is powered with turbocharged Avco Lycoming TlO-540-J

and LTlO-540-J series engines. The left engine rotates clockwise, and the
right engine rotates counterclockwise as viewed from the pilot seat. The six
cylinder engines develop 350 HP each at 2575 RPM. They are equipped with
geared starters, single-drive dual magnetos, 28-volt 70-amp alternators,
shielded ignition, turbochargers, hydraulic pumps, oil filters, oil coolers,
pneumatic pressure pumps and three-bladed propellers. Recommended
overhaul is at 1600 hours. This time is based on Avco Lycoming service
experience. From time 10 time Lycoming revises the recommended overhaul
period through a Service Instruction. The pilot should check with his dealer
for the latest overhaul period on his engines plus any additional Lycoming
Service information. Operation beyond the recommended overhaul period
is at the discretion of the operator.
The turbocharger is designed to increase the power output and , __

efficiency of the engine by supplying compressed air to the engine intake
manifold. This allows the engines to operate at peak power at a much higher
altitude than normally aspirated engines. The power to drive the

7·4 REVISED: SEPTEMBER 17,1982
turbocharger is extracted from energy in the exhaust gases. The exhaust

gases are ducted through the turbine and then directed overboard at the
bottom of the nacelles in the area of the cowl flaps.
The fuel injection system is based on the principle of measuring engine

air consumption by use of a venturi tube and using the airflow forces there
from to control fuel flow to the engines. Fuel distribution to the individual
cylinders is obtained by the use of a fuel flow divider and air bleed nozzles.
Idle cut-offs are incorporated in the injectors and should always be used to
stop the engines. This is accomplished by pulling the mixture control levers
to the rearmost position.
An automatic alternate air induction system is provided for each

engine. Should the induction air filters become obstructed by ice or other
causes, the induction air doors will open automatically to provide air to the
engine.
As a backup to the automatic system there are two manual alternate air
controls. These are located to the right of the control pedestal and may be
used by the pilot to select air. independent of the automatic feature. Since
alternate air bypasses the air filter, alternate air should never be used during
ground operation.
The cowl flaps, located on the bottom of the engine nacelles, are
electrically operated by switches located on the bottom of the engine control
quadrant. Cowl flaps should be positioned to maintain temperatures within
the normal operating range. Remote indicating gauges located next to the
switches give the pilot a visual indication of cowl flap position.
The engines of the airplane are equipped with doors on the induction
housings; in the event of a turbocharger compressor failure, the engine
will automatically revert to normally aspirated air. Under these conditions
approximately 75% of normal rated power or 262 HP will be available at sea I
level.
The engine mounts are of steel tube construction and incorporate

vibration-absorbing dynafocal mounts. The engine cowls are cantilever
structures and are attached at the fire wall. The cowlings are made of a
combination of fiberglass and metal. The top cowl is quickly removable by
means of quick-release fasteners. The cowl flap must be disconnected before
removing the lower cowl.
REVISED: FEBRUARY 9, 2009 7-5
DESCRIPTION & OPERATION PA.31.350, CHIEFTAIN
Oil coolers are attached to the engine mounts on the lower left side and
below the engine. The engine incorporates a thermostat control bypass
that aids in protecting the oil cooler during cool weather engine starts. The
valve allows the oil to bypass the cooler when the oil is cold.
In order to obtain maximum engine efficiency and time between

overhauls, the pilot should read and follow the procedures recommended by
the Avco-Lycoming Operator's Manual for this engine.
7.7 PROPELLERS
The propellers are Hartzell, three-blade, constant speed, controllable

pitch and full feathering. They are controlled by a propeller governor
mounted on each engine. The governor is controlled by the corresponding
propeller control in the pedestal.
A combination of nitrogen or air pressure, a spring, blade counter

weights and governor-regulated oil pressure is utilized to change the pitch of
the propeller blades. Nitrogen or air pressure is supplied from the
precharged propeller chamber. (Refer to Section 8 Airplane Handling,
Servicing and Maintenance). The nitrogen or air pressure, spring and blade
counter-weight force is utilized to move the blades to the high pitch (de
creased RPM) and feathered position, and the opposing governor-regulated
oil pressure moves the blades to the low pitch (increased RPM) position. As
the propeller control lever is moved forward, increasing the propeller RPM,
a valve in the propeller governor allows increased oil pressure to enter the
propeller hub and move the blades to the low pitch (increased RPM)
position. Moving the propeller control lever aft decreases the propeller
RPM as the propeller governor decreases the oil pressure to the hub, and the
nitrogen or air pressure, spring and blade counter-weights move the
propeller blades to the high pitch (decreased RPM) or, if selected, the
feathered position.

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2--.1
DESCRIPTION & OPERATION PA·31·350, CHIEFTAIN
7.9 FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM
The primary flight controls are conventional and are operated by dual
control wheels and rudder pedals. The control wheel operates the ailerons
and elevators. The rudder pedals actuate the rudder and nose wheel steering.
The toe brakes, which are an integral part of the pedals, operate the wheel
brakes. The ailerons and rudder are interconnected, through a spring
system, to reduce adverse yaw and the amount of coordination required in
normal turns. All flight control systems are operated by closed circuit cable
systems.
Secondary control is by aileron, elevator and rudder trim tabs. The

controls are located on the pedestal (Figure 7-7). The aileron trim wheel is
located below the power controls. Rotate the wheel clockwise for right wing
down and counterclockwise for left wing down. The elevator trim control
wheel is located on the left side of the pedestal. Rotate the wheel forward for
nose down trim and aft for nose up trim. The rudder trim wheel is located
below the aileron trim control. Rotate the wheel to the right (counterclock
wise) for nose right and left (clockwise) for nose left. Trim indicators for the
individual systems are located on the pedestal below the power controls The
trim indicators are operated electrically by a rheostat on the respective
control surface.
Wing flap position is controlled by a selector switch mounted on the

instrument panel immediately to the right of the control pedestal. The flap
position indicator is located to the right of the selector switch. An OFF
position on the flap position indicator is also provided to indicate zero (0)
I
voltage to the system. The selector switch provides for variable wing flap
positioning in as little as 2° increments from 0° to 40°. Detent positions are
provided at the most commonly used positions of 0°, 15°, and 40°. A wing
flap position change is made by moving the selector handle to any desired
position (marked on the switch selector guard). The flaps will automatically
move to the selected position and indicator will display the actual flap
position. The flaps may be extended to 25° at airspeeds below 162 KIAS. 40°
flap extension is limited to airspeeds below 132 KIAS. The entire system is
electronically monitored for system component failures and will prevent an
asymmetric flap position greater than 5° differential.

PROPELLER CONTROLS (BLUE)

THROTTLES (BLACK)
MIXTURE CONTROLS (RED)
AUTOPILOT CONSOLE
TRIM INDICATORS
AILERON TRIM
RUDDER TRIM
COWL FLAP SWITCHES

COWL F~P INOICATOR]S
,
.....
FUEL SYSTEM CONTROL PANEL
CONTROL PEDESTAL
Figure 7-7

7·9
The basic electronic control system consists of an amplifier, three

rheostats, two power solenoids, and one motor. The motor is of a D.C.
permanent magnet type and extends or retracts the flaps through a pair of
flexible shafts attached to jackscrew, transmission assemblies located on
each wing flap.
The amplifier is the heart of the control system. It provides a regulated

voltage supply for the three external rheostats, circuit logic to analyze the
system condition and position; provides commands to the power solenoids
to actuate the motor for extensions and retractions and contains its own
monitoring system to ascertain the condition of critical components.
The three rheostats feed back to the amplifier the signals necessary to
operate the system. One rheostat is located in the nap position selector and
one each is located so as to sense the positions of the right and left naps
independently. The selector rheostat signals the amplifier, activating the
motor, which positions the naps. The left nap rheostat controls flap position
in relation to the seleclOr rheostat position and provides information to the
amplifier to drive the position indicator. The right flap rheostat must agree
with the left flap rheostat within 5° at all times or the system will shut down
and cannot be reactivated until the imbalance and/or the cause has been
corrected
The system also incorporates a FLAP annunciator light that will illuminate
when an imbalance exists between the right and left wing nap rheostats or a
critical component of the amplifier has failed.
I Before takeoff, the operation of the FLAP annunciator may be checked by

pushing the test switch located adjacent to the flap position indicator.

7.11 LANDING GEAR
The Chieftain is equipped with a hydraulically actuated, retractable

tricycle landing gear. The gear incorporates air-oil oleo struts. Gear doors
completely cover the gear when retracted. The nose gear doors and the
outboard doors on the main gear remain in the open position when the gear
is extended. The inboard main gear door, operated hydraulically, closes
when the main gear is fully extended or fully retracted.
The nose gear is steerable by use of the rudder pedals. The total nose
gear turning arc when steered with the rudder pedals is normally 40°.
However, a feature is incorporated which allows the nose gear to
temporarily disengage from the rudder pedal steering linkage, permitting the
gear to be turned an additional 20° in each direction during towing
operations, thus extending the turning arc to a full 80°. A spring-loaded cam
device will return the nose gear to within the center 40° arc, where it
automatically re-engages with the steering linkage. Although this device is
intended for use during towing, while taxiing through tight turns with
differential engine power and braking, the nose gear can disengage itself,
permitting a shorter turning radius. Should this occur, the rudder pedal
force change and accompanying noise in the nose gear is normal and should
not be interpreted as a malfunction.
NOTE
Avoid unnecessary sharp turns, as excessive

tire wear will result.
The nose gear incorporates a shimmy dampening device at the bottom

of the outer housing. As the gear retracts, the steering linkage separates to
reduce the in-flight rudder forces.
To guard against inadvertent gear retraction on the ground, a solenoid

latch is incorporated in the landing gear selector. This prevents the gear
selector's being moved to the UP position, while on the ground. The gear
selector knob is in the shape of a wheel to differentiate it from the flap
control, which has an airfoil shape. To raise or lower the gear in flight, the
selector handle must first be pulled aft.

7-11
DESCRIPTION & OPERATION PA-31-3S0, CHIEFTAIN
Located on the instrument panel, to the right of the gear selector control
are one red and three green lights. The red light indicates when the gear is in
transit between the up-locked and down-locked position. Also the light will
remain on if the inboard gear doors remain open when the gear is retracted.
The green lights indicate when each gear is down and locked. There is no
indication when the gear is up and locked. Each light includes a press-to-test
feature to check the condition of the bulb. The gear indicator lights can be
dimmed individually by turning each light. A gear unsafe horn will sound if
the power in one or both engines is reduced below 12 inches of manifold
pressure with the landing gear retracted or not down and locked. Also, if the
gear selector is in the up or up neutral position with the aircraft on the
ground, the gear horn will sound when the master switch is on.
The main wheels are 6.50 x 10 Cleveland Aircraft Products units with
disc type brakes and 6.50 x 10 tires with eight-ply rating. The nose wheel is a
Cleveland 6.00 x 6 model fitted with a 6.00 x 6 tire with a six-ply rating. All
tires have tubes.
7.13 BRAKE SYSTEM
The brakes are hydraulically actuated by individual master cylinders

mounted on the left (optional on the right) set of rudder pedals. A hydraulic
reservoir, separate from the main hydraulic system. supplies fluid to each
master cylinder. From these cylinders, hydraulic fluid is routed through lines
and hoses to a parking brake valve, located on the left aft side of the forward
cabin bulkhead, through the cabin and wings to the brake assemblies on each
main landing gear. The standard brakes are self-adjusting, single-disc,
single-housing, four-piston assemblies.
The parking brake handle is located on the lower left face of the
instrument panel. To set the parking brake, first depress and hold the toe
brake pedals and then pull out the parking brake handle. To release the
parking brake, first depress and hold the toe brake pedals and then push
in on the parking brake handle.
WARNING
Braking may not occur if parking brake handle

is pulled and held prior to brake pedal
application.

7.15 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
The hydraulic system consists of two hydraulic pumps, a power pack,

emergency hand pump, actuating cylinders and filters (Figure 7-9).
The hydraulic pumps are engine-driven and are mounted on the rear of
each engine. The pumps supply the pressure required for gear operation.
The power pack is the central control unit for the hydraulic system. It
contains the valves. manifold, fluid reservoir and necessary controls for
operation of the landing gear.
Fluid is taken from the reservoir by the pumps and is passed through a
filter mounted on each fire wall, then to the power pack. which then directs
the fluid to the appropriate actuator, depending on the sequence and gear
selector position.
The reservoir contains a standpipe which retains sufficient fluid to

operate the emergency hand pump in case of a loss of fluid. The engine
driven pumps are supplied through the standpipe. so if the fluid level is below
the standpipe the only way to operate the gear is by using the hand pump.
The door solenoid valve mounted in the power pack is electrically

operated and is spring loaded to the door open position. So if an electrical
failure occurs, the solenoid valve will move to the door open position so that
the gear can be lowered normally or with the hand pump. For a more
detailed description refer to the appropriate service manual.
REVISED: MAY 4,1984 7·13
I
,.~ ..
,. LEFT MAIN GEAR ACTUATING CYLINDER 7. RIGHT GEAR DOOR ACTUATING CYLINDER
2. LEFT HYDRAUUC PUMP FILTER 8. CHECK VALVES
3. LEFT HYDRAULIC PUMP 9. RIGHT MAIN GEAR ACTUATING CYLINDER
4. LEFT GEAR DOOR AClUATING CYLINDER 10. RIGHT HYDRAULIC PUMP FILTER
6. EMERGENCY HAND PUMP 11. RIGHT HYDRAULIC PUMP
8. POWER PACK ASSEMBLY
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM SCHEMATIC
Figure 7-9

7-14
.,
"OT LOCKfO
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LANDING GEAR SELECTOR

Figure 7~ 11
To operate the gear pullout the gear selector, mounted on the left
instrument panel (Figure 7-11), move it from the neutral position to the UP
landing gear or DOWN landing gear position. When the desired position of
the gear is obtained, the handle is forced back to the center off position by
hydraulic pressure in the selector valve, allowing the hydraulic fluid to
circulate freely between the pump and control unit. Gear retraction or
extension will occur normally in approximately 6 seconds.
NOTE
In the event of electrical failure or when the

master switch is OFF, the selector handle will
not return to neutral and the gear doors will not
close.
When the selector handle returns to neutral it relieves all pressure in the
system. The gear is held in position by mechanical locks. The return of the
control handle to the neutral position is an indication that the components
have reached full extension or retraction. However, the landing gear
position lights should be used as primary indications.
ISSUED: SEPTK\tBER 14, 1979 REPORT: LK·1208

7·15
1. PLACE GEAR SELECTOR HANDLE IN THE DOWN

POSITION.
2. PULL EMERGENCY PUMP HANDLE OUT AS FAR
AS POSSIBLE.
3. PUMP HANDLE UP AND DOWN UNTIL ALL 3
GREEN UGHTS COME ON. CONTINUE PUMPING .. '
UNTIL PRESSURE BUILDS UP AND SELECTOR
HANDLE RETURNS TO NEUTRAL.
.' .. ~: .: .: ..
EMERGENCY LANDING GEAR HAND PUMP
Figure 7-13
CAUTiON
When retracting the landing gear be sure that

the gear unsafe light is out before exceeding the
maximum gear operating speed.
The emergency hydraulic hand pump (Figure 7-13) is used to obtain

hydraulic pressure in the event of fail un: of the engine-driven hydraulic
pumps. This hand pump is located between the pilot's and copilot's seats. An
access cover marked Emergency Gear Extension must be lifted to gain access
to the pump handle. Follow instructions on the underside of the access plate
to lower the gear. The hand pump should not be used to retract the gear in
flight or to perform gear retractions while aircraft is on jacks.
NOTE
To perform an emergency gear extension,

approximately 50 full strokes will be required.

7·16
PA-31-3S0, CHIEFTAIN DESCRIPTION & OPERATION
7.17 FUEL SYSTEM
The fuel system consists of fuel cells, engine-driven and emergency fuel
pumps, fuel boost pumps, control valves, fuel filters, fuel pressure and fuel
flow gauges, fuel drains and non-icing NACA fuel tank vents (Figure 7-15).
Lockable t1I1er caps are optional equipment.
Fuel is stored in four flexible fuel cells, two in each wing panel. The
oUlboard cells ho1d 40 U.S. gallons each, and the inboard cells hold 56 U.S.
gallons each, giving a total of 192 gallons, of which 182 gallons are usable.
Fuel is routed from the fuel cells to the selector valve, the fuel f1Iter, the fuel
boost pump, the emergency fuel pump, the firewall shutoff, the engine
driven fuel pump, to the injector, then to the cylinders. The fuel selector,
filter, fuel boost pump, emergency fuel pump and firewall shutoff are
located on the butt-rib of each wing panel.
The emergency fuel pumps are installed for emergency use in case of an
engine-driven fuel pump failure. They are also used for takeoff and landing
and. when necessary, to prime the engines. Control switches for the
emergency fuel pumps are located in the overhead switch panel to the right of
the fuel gauges.
Two electric fuel-quantity gauges are mounted in the overhead switch

panel. The right fuel-quantity gauge indicates the quantity of fuel in the
selected right fuel system tank (right inboard or right outboard), and the left
fuel-quantity gauge indicates the quantity of fuel in the selected left fuel
system tank (left inboard or left outboard). The fuel gauges are connected
electrically to micro switches mounted in the fuel selector console. The fuel
senders are also connected electrically to the micro switches. When a fuel
tank is selected. its corresponding micro switch is actuated, which completes
the circuit between the fuel senders and its fuel quantity gauge, providing a
visual reading of the fuel quantity in the selected tank. The gauges are
illuminated, and the lights are controlled by a rheostat switch on the left side
of the overhead switch panel.
The fuel boost pumps are operated continuously and are provided to
maintain fuel under pressure to the other fuel pumps, improving the altitude
performance of the fuel system. There are no fuel boost pump control
switches or pressure gauges provided. Each fuel boost pump is controlled by
'-- a separate circuit breaker, located in the circuit breaker control panel. The
fuel boost pumps are activated when the master switch is turned on and

REVISED: AUGUST 24, 1981 7-17
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2. FUEL FLOW GAUGE
g. EMERGENCY CROSSFEEO VAJ..VE
10. FUEL PRESSURE GAUGE
17.
18.
FUEL TANK SELECTOR VALVE
CROSSFEED QUICK DRAIN VALVE
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4.
FUEL INJECTOR
ENGINE DRIVEN FUEL PUMP
11.
12.
FUEL QUAN'TITY GAUGE
FUEL TANK VEN'T CHECK VALlIE
19.
20.
FUEL TANK QUICK DRAIN
FUEl TANK STRAINER
0::6
..... S. FUEL SHUTOFF VALVE 13. OUTBOARD FUEL TANK [;;:;r::l

:-..... 6. EMERGENCY FUEL PUMP 14. INBOARD FUEL TANK
21.
22.
FUEL SENDER SELECTOR SWITCHES
SURGE TANK ~~
loCi
7.
8.
FUEL BOOST PUMP
PRESSURE SWITCH
16.
16.
FUEL FilTER QUICK DRAIN
AJEl FILTER
23. FLAPPER VALVE ~-
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~ 24. LOW FUEL WARNING PROBE
zz
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continue to operate until the master switch is turned off or the fuel boost
pump circuit breakers are pulled (off). Fuel boost pump warning lights,
mounted on the annunciator panel, illuminate when the fuel boost pressure
is less than 3 PSI. In a full power continuous climb from takeoff to high
altitude under conditions of high ambient temperature, high climb rate, and
extremely volatile fuel, the boost pump may not maintain a sufficient
pressure head to the engine-driven fuel pump. This condition would be
indicated by engine fuel pressure fluctuations of 2-5 PSI and/or illumination
of the boost pump warning light. The pilot may continue the climb by using
the emergency fuel pump to provide steady fuel pressure for the high power
operation; the emergency pump can be turned OFF after level-out if
reduction to cruise power extinguishes the boost pump warning light. Cruise
can be continued with the emergency fuel pump OFF if fuel pressure remains
steady and above 34 PSI, as indicated on the engine fuel pressure gauge.
The fuel management controls (Figure 7-17) are located in the fuel
control panel at the base of the pedestal. Located here are the fuel tank
selectors, fuel shut offs and cross feed controls. During normal operation
each engine is supplied with fuel from its own respective fuel system. The fuel
controls on the right control the fuel from the right cells to the right engine
and the controls on the left control the fuel from the left fuel cells to the left
engine.
For emergencies, fuel from one system can supply the opposite engine
through a crossfeed system. The cross feed valve is located in the left wing
butt area and is intended only for emergencies. The crossfeed control is
located in the center of the fuel control panel. A warning lights located on the
fuel control panel is incorporated in the firewall shut off system to indicate
that one or both of the shut off valves are not fully open.
NOTE
The crossfeed system is not to be used for

normal operation. When the cross feed valve is
on, be certain fuel selector valve on tank not in
use is off. Do not use crossfeed to compensate
for an inoperative emergency fuel pump.

7-19
Sli:CTION 7 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION
\ \
FUEL SYSTEM CONTROL CONSOLE
Figure 7-17
Fuel drains for checking fuel contamination are located at the rear in
board corner of the fuel cells, on the fuel filters and the lowest point of the
crossfeed system. The quick drain for the crossfeed is located on the left wing
fillet just forward of the main spar. The drains on the filters are at the base of
the filter and are accessible through access doors in the lower wing fillets aft
of the wing leading edge.
WARNING
If either the right or left fuel flow warning light
illuminates and the fuel gauge indicates fuel
remaining in the corresponding inboard tank, this
will indicate a malfunction of the t1apper door in the
inboard tank. Immediately select the outboard tank
or select crossfeed to avoid fuel now interruption.
Right and left fuel now warning lights illuminate to warn the pilot of an
impending fuel flow interruption. The lights are activated by a sensing probe
mounted near each inboard fuel tank outlet. In the event the fuel leve near '----
the tank outlet drops to a point where a fuel now interruption and power loss
could occur, the sensing probe will illuminate its corresponding warning
light. The warning light will be on for a minimum of iO seconds and will
remain on if the cause is not corrected.

7-20 REVISED: JULY 25,2005
The warning lights are incorporated in the annunciator panel. For press
to-test procedures, refer to Paragraph 7.23.
NOTE
Heater operation will cause the right fuel

pressure gauge to fluctuate during heater
cycling.
7.19 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
The electrical system is a 28-volt system (Figure 7-19). Control switches

are located in the overhead switch panels and in the circuit breaker panel.
The circuit breaker panel (Figure 7-21), located on the side wall of the cock
pit, has provisions to handle a full complement of equipment. Switches and
circuit breakers are clearly marked as to their function. Switches are of the
toggle and rocker type and the circuit breakers are the push to reset type. If a
breaker pops it is recommended to allow the breaker to cool for a couple of
minutes before resetting. When a white band can be seen around the shank of
the circuit breaker button, the breaker is open. The breakers can be manually
tripped by pulling on the reset button.
The standard electrical equipment includes alternators, starters,

ammeter, battery, voltage regulators and external power source receptacle.
The starters are energized by a rocker style switch located in the

overhead switch panel (Figure 7-23 or 7-24) between the magneto switches.
To operate, push on the side of the switch that corresponds to the engine to
be started and hold until the selected engine has started. Release the switch
and it will return to neutral.
NOTE
Starters should not be energized for more than

30 seconds of continuous cranking. Allow to
cool between starting attempts.
The primary electrical source is two 28-volt 70-ampere alternators

(Figure 7-19). The alternators are controlled independently by two voltage
regulators which are interconnected electrically to provide parallel outputs
at normal engine operating speeds. Alternator inoperative lights illuminate
when the respective alternator fails to provide voltage. The lights can be
checked by turning on the master switch with the engines shut down. If a
light fails to illuminate, it should be replaced. Whenever the engines are
operating at a high differential RPM, the alternator inoperative light for the
slower engine may come on.

A single ammeter in the overhead panel indicates both battery charging

current and alternator output. When the ammeter needle indicates to the left
of center, the battery is being discharged; when the needle indicates to the
right of center, the battery is being charged. During single-engine operation,
this feature can be used to determine how much the electrical load should be
reduced. To check the output of each alternator indivIdually, use the press
to-test buttons located on either side of the ammeter. The left button, when
depressed, will cause the ammeter to indicate left alternator output, and the
right button, when depressed, will indicate right alternator output. These
buttons are the momentary type, and indicate alternator output only while
depressed.
NOTE
When flying in heavy rain, the electrical load on

the right alternator must be reduced to 40
amperes or less to insure against alternator belt
slippage.
The master switch on the left side panel is a split rocker type and gives
the pilot control over the field of the respective alternator.
NOTE
For alternator failure emergency procedure,

see Section 3 - Emergency Procedures.
Secondary electrical power is provided by a 24-volt 17-ampere hour

battery as standard equipment. A 24-volt 25-ampere hour battery is offered
as optional equipment.
An external power source receptacle is installed in the lower left side of

the nose of the aircraft. It is provided to utilize a 24-volt D.C. external power
source when the aircraft battery is low or during cold weather to prevent a
dead battery because of extended starting procedures. It can be used also to
save the battery when ground checking the aircraft systems. Turn the master
switch off before inserting the external power plug into the receptacle. The
master switch should be off when using an external supply source.
NOTE
The aircraft battery must be removed before

recharging.

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Figure 7-19

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TYPICAL CIRCUIT BREAKER PANEL
Figure 7-21
ISSUED: SEPTEMBER ]4, 1979 REPORT: LK-1208
REVISED: SEPTEMBER ]7, 1982 7-25
1. LIGHT SWUCH PANEL

2. RHEOSTAT SWITCHES
3. ELECTRICAL SWITCHES
4. DOME UGHT SWITCH
6. DOME LIGHT
II. VARIOUS DEICING SYSTEM SWITCHES
7. LEFT MAP LIGHT SWITCH
&. POST LIGHTS
9. LEFT ENGINE MAGNETO SWITCHES
10. STARTER SWITCH
II. RIGHT ENGINE MAGNETO SWITCHES
U. LEFT fUEL GAUGE
13. LEFT ALTERNATOR PRESS·TO·TEST SWITCH
14. AMMETER
16. RIGHT ALTERNATOR PRESS·TO·TEST SWITCH
16. RIGHT fUEL GAUGE
17. fUEL PUMP SW1TCHES
19. ENGINE HOUR METER
19 RIGHT MAP LIGHT SWITCH
20. DIAL LIGHT
OVERHEAD PANEL
(AIRCRAFT WITH SIN 31-8052001 THRU 31-8252075)
Figure 7-23

1. liGHT SWITCH PANEL

2. RHEOSTAT SWITCHES
3. ELECTRICAL SWITCHES
4. DOME LIGHT SWITCH
5. DOME LIGHT
6. VARIOUS DEICING SYSTEM SWlTCHES
7. LEFT MAP LIGHT SWITCH
8. POST LIGHTS
9. LEFT ENGINE MAGNETO SWITCHES
10. STARTER SWITCH
11. RIGHT ENGINE MAGNETO SWITCHES
12. LEFT FUEL GAUGE
13. LEFT ALTERNATOR PRESS·TO·TEST SWITCH
14. AMMETER
15. RIGHT ALTERNATOR PRESS·TO·TEST SWITCH
16. RIGHT FUEL GAUGE
17. FUEL PUMP SWITCHES
18. ENGINE HOUR METER
19. RIGHT MAP LIGHT SWITCH
OVERHEAD PANEL
(AIRCRAFT WITH SIN 31·8252076 AND UP)
Figure 7-24

7·26a
A pilot!copilot dome light is located in the overhead panel. The push

button switch is located just forward of the lens. The light will operate with
the master switch off.
A reading light is available for each passenger seal. The switch is

incorporated in the light assembly. .
A rear dome light and a rear exit flood light are controlled by a switch
mounted in the overhead switch panel marked EXIT and a switch located
just inside the cabin door. The lights operate with the master switch off to
aid night loading. In addition, an optional timer is available to operate the
lights for 30 seconds upon opening the main cabin door.
Position! strobe light assemblies are installed in each wing tip. The right
wing tip incorporates a green position light and a white strobe light and the
left wing tip, a red position light and a white strobe light. A white position
and a white strobe light are also installed on the tail cone of the airplane. The
position lights and the strobe lights are controlled by switches on the over
head switch panel.
WARNING
Anti-collision lights should not be operating

when flying through cloud, fog or haze, since
the reflected light can produce spatial
disorientation. Strobe lights should not be used
in close proximity to the ground such as during
taxiing, takeoff or landing.
The landing and taxi lights are mounted to the upper nose gear strut.
The rocker style switches are located in the overhead switch panel. During
retraction, if the lights have not been turned off manually, they will be turned
off automatically because they are wired through the gear down micro
switch. If the switch is left on, when the gear is extended the lights will again
illuminate.

7-26b REVISED: NOVEMBER 18, 1983
PA-31.350, CHIEFTAIN DESCRIPTION & OPERATION
7.21 INSTRUMENT PANEL
The instrument panel (Figure 7-25) is designed to accommodate

complete instruments and avionics for VFR or IFR flights.
Flight instruments are directly in front of the pilot and are grouped in a
standard "T' configuration. The radios are located in the middle panel and
the engine instruments are mounted horizontally across the top of the center
panel or stacked vertically at the right side of the center panel. Additional
engine gauges are located in the right instrument panel. Optional dual flight
instruments, when installed, are located in the right instrument panel. The
tachometer and manifold pressure gauges are located in the center panel.
The standard attitude indicator and standard heading indicator are

operated by air under pressure, whereas the turn and slip indicator is
operated electrically to serve as a standby instrument in case the pneumatic
system becomes inoperative.
Instrument lighting is provided by individual post lamps mounted

adjacent to eaeh instrument. These lights are controlled by a rheostat switch
located on the overhead panel. The lights are turned on by the first
movement of the knob and light intensity is increased by further rotation of
the knob.
Pilot and eopilot map lights are located in the overhead switch panel.
The switch is located on the bottom of the horizontal surface of the panel
assembly.
DESCRIPTION & OPERATION PA·31.350, CHIEFTAIN
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Figure 7-25

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33. NAV 2
34. PARKING BRAKE
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::; ,....;j 7. DIRECTIONAL GYRO 38. AVIONICS MASTER SWITCH
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S" ..... '1'1r' 12. DUAL TACHOMETER 43. HEATER CONTROL S'NITCH C5
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13. COMPASS 44. HEATER START/RESET S'NITCH
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19. DIRECTIONAL GYRO - COPILOT 49. NAV 2 - COPILOT o
~z 20. ATIlTUDE GYRO· COPILOT 50. FLAP TEST SWITCH ~
'-',....;j 21. RATE OF CUMB INDICATOR - COPILOT 00
51. DEFROSTER CONTROL (')
22. ALTIMETER - COPILOT
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52. OIL PRESS· CYL HEAD TEMP .• AND :=
23. CLOCK
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Z 24. GYRO PRESSURE GAUGE 53. CABIN EXHAUST CONTROL KNOB
1:!'1 25. DUAL FUEL PRESSURE GAUGE 54. CABIN AIR CONTROL LEVER
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r' 26. EMERGENCY LOCATOR TRANSMIDER !'>5. OXYGEN SUPPLY PRESSURE GAUGE o
1:!'1 27. ALTERNATE STATIC SOURCE VALVE 56. OXYGEN CONTROL KNOB Z
28. MIKE AND EARPHONE JACKS - PILOT 57. COCKPIT AIR CONTROL LEVER ~
C5 29. AUTOPILOT CONTROLS S8. MIKE AND EARPHONE JACKS COPILOT
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7.23 ANNUNCIATOR PANEL

The warning lights are grouped together in an annunciator panel which
extends across the upper center of the instrument panel. Monitored
functions include the pneumatic system, fuel boost pumps, low fuel flow,
flap condition, alternator operation, combustion heater temperature, and
cabin and baggage door security. There are also provisions in the
annunciator panel for the addition of warning lights for various optional
systems.
To the left of the annunciator display is a press-to-test switch. On
aircraft with serial numbers 31-8052001 thru 31-8252085, with the master
switch ON, depressing the test switch will illuminate all of the annunciator
lights except the FLAP light. A separate flap annunciator test switch is
located adjacent to the flap position gauge. (See paragraph 7.9, Flight
Control System.) On aircraft with serial numbers 31-8352001 and up, with
the master switch ON, depressing the test switch will illuminate all lights
on the annunciator panel.
Failure of a light to illuminate is an indication of a burnt out bulb or
other annunciator system abnormality. The switch should be held for at least
3 seconds, as the low fuel flow warning light will take a few seconds longer
than the others to illuminate and will remain lit for as long as 10 seconds after
the others have extinguished. To the right of the annunciator display is a
dimmer switch which raises or lowers the intensity of the lights in the display.
During the press-to-test procedure, the lights will test either bright or dim,
depending upon the position of the dimmer switch. During daylight
operations, the annunciator lights should be in the bright mode.
7.25 RADIO OPERATION

Electrical power for avionics equipment is controlled by a master switch
located in the center of the instrument panel below the radios. The audio
control panel allows the pilot to select radio audio individually. This allows
presetting of frequencies or volume and also provides the option of listening
with either the speaker or the headphones.
An Emergency Avionics Bus Power circuit breaker switch is located
below the left circuit breaker panel. The switch is protected from inadvertent
activation by a red switch guard.
In normal operating conditions, the switch is in the OFF position and
the guard is closed. The ON position is for emergency use only and causes
power from the primary bus to go directly to the number 1 avionics bus. In
this configuration, number I avionics bus power is independent of the
avionics master circuit breaker number I.
REVISED: MARCH 14,2005 7-31
DESCRIPTION & OPERATION PA-31-350, CHIEF1:l\.IN
NOTE
To avoid chatter in the speaker with the

Emergency Avionics Bus Powcr ON, pull the
avionics master number I circuit breaker
before turning the Emergency Avionics Bus
Power ON.
A public address (PA) volume control knob is mounted on the left side
,'f the pedestal, below and forward of the propeller synchrophaser switch.
The control is a rheostat type switch providing variable volume control
through the rear speaker system. If operation with oxygen masks is required
and the airplane is equipped with Collins radios and Scott Duo-Seal oxygen
masks, communications between the pilot and copilot are possible through
[he headphones by selecting the PA mode and turning down the rear speaker
\olume. This will allow the pilot and copilot to communicate and still receive
incoming communications. Starting with the 1981 models the PA system
operates at a fixed volume level with passengers able to monitor the crew
-:onversations mentioned above.
A ground clearance energy saver system is available to provide direct

power to number 1 Comm without turning on the master switch. An
internally lit pushbutton switch, located on the instrument panel, provides
annunciation for engagement of the system. When the button is engaged
direct aircraft battery power is applied to number I Comm, the pilot's mike
and audio amplitier (speaker). The system is reset to the OFF position by
activating the aircraft master switch.

7.27 PNEUMATIC SYSTEM
The pneumatic system supplies air pressure to run the air driven gyros.
When the surface deicing system is installed the pneumatic system supplies
air 10 operate the deicing boots on the wings and empennage surfaces (Figure
7-27).
Basically, the pneumatic system is divided into two independently

operated pressure supply systems: the left engine supply and the right engine
supply. Both systems utilize a common manifold check valve and pressure
gauge. Each side of the pneumatic system incorporates its own inlet, inlet
filter, engine driven pneumatic pump, regulator and inline filter. Recessed
inlets, just aft of the fire wall on the bottom-outboard side of the engine
nacelle, extract constant supplies of outside air, which are passed through
inlet t1lters and directed to the left and right engine driven pneumatic pumps.
Air pressure from each pump is then rouled to its respective pressure
regulator. Each pressure regulator has its own adjustment to provide a
means of setting the pump outlet pressure. Any airflow supplied by the
pumps in excess of the adjusted setting is expelled from the system at the
regulators. Regulated air pressure is then passed through a .3 micron inline
filter for further protection against contaminated air reaching the
instruments. Once filtered, pressure from the left engine supply and pressure
from the right engine supply are united in a manifold check valve, common
to both sides of the system. The manifold check valve supplies a single outlet
line to the gyros. In the event one of the engine driven pneumatic pumps fail,
the other side of the system can maintain air pressure to the gyros and/or
deicers. Air pressure supplied by the system is utilized to operate lhe attitude
gyro and the directional gyro and exhausted through a bulkhead forward of
the instrument panel.
Each pressure pump is capable of operating the air driven gyros and the
pneumatic deicers up to single engine service ceiling and with both pumps
operating normally, up to the maximum approved altitude of the airplane.
A gyro pressure gauge, mounted in the right segment of the instrument

panel, indicates system pressure in inches of mercury. A graduated green arc
on the face of the gauge indicates pressure readings within normal operating
limits. Two annunciator lights, mounted in the annunciator panel, provide a
visual warning to the pilot that either the right or left pneumatic source is
inoperative. The lights are placarded, R. PNEU. INOP. and L. PNEU.
INOP.

1. WING DEICER BOOT 11. DIRECTIONAL GYRO· COPILOT

2. PNEUMATIC PUMP 12. ATTITUDE GYRO· COPILOT
3. DUAl REGULATOR· SOLENOID VALVE 13. "A" SYSTEM (WING) SOLENOID VALVE
4. INLET AIR FILTER 14. "8" SYSTEM (TAIL) SOLENOID VALVE
6. INUNE FILTER 16. MANIFOLD CHECK VALVE
e. CHECK VALVE 18. PRESSURE SWITCH
7. PRESSURE GAUGE 17. EJECTOR
8. DEICER CYCLE TIMER 18. PNEUMATIC PRESSURE REGUALTOR (RELAY VALVE)
9. DIRECTIONAl GYRO· PILOT 19. EMPENNAGE DEICING BOOT
1O. ATTITUDE GYRO· PILOT
PNEUMATICIWING AND EMPENNAGE DEICING
Figure 7-27

7-34
7.29 WING AND EMPENNAGE DEICING*
Pneumatic wing and empennage boots are installed on the leading edges
of the wings, the vertical stabilizer (fin) and the horizontal stabilizer. A
constant suction is applied to all of the surface deicer.boots by an ejector to
provide smooth streamlined leading edges during normal operation with the
deicing system off. The ejector assembly utilizes air pressure supplied by the
pneumatic system to obtain a vacuum to hold the boots in the flat, detlated
condition.
The deicing system is controlled by a "momentary on" type control

switch. When this WING DEICE switch is actuated, the boots perform one
complete inflation cycle. The switch must be actuated for each additional
inflation cycle. This allows the pilot to manually select boot inflation in any
desired time interval that icing conditions require. After each inflation cycle,
the timer automatically resets to allow the intlation cycle to begin when the
switch is actuated.
Actuation of the momentary switch triggers a system cycle timer, which

in turn shifts the two stage regulators to high pressure (18 psi), opens the 'A'
system solenoid valve to send air to the wing boots, and cuts off air to the
copilot's gyros (when installed). After six seconds, the 'A' system solenoid is
closed and the 'B' system solenoid is opened to send air to the tail boots for
six seconds. At the completion of the tail cycle, the 'B' system solenoid closes,
the two stage regulators return to low pressure (gyro pres.) and the copilot's
air supply resumes.
When the intlation cycle is complete, the deicer solenoid valves permit
overboard exhaustion of the pressurized boots. Suction is then reapplied to
the deicer boots to hold them close to the airfoil surface.
Two blue indicator lights with press-to-test and dimming features,

illuminate when each surface deicer boot system inflates to a predetermined
pressure. Illumination of the indicator light is controlled by a pressure
sensitive switch connected to the deicer pressure lines (one in the 'A' system,
and one in the 'B' system).
To insure good ice shedding, the boots should be clean and free of any
oils or dirt and in good condition. No special coating is required; but ice
*Optional equipment

shedding may be slightly improved by the application of B.F. Goodrich

'Icex'. It is authorized for use and has been tested in natural icing. The
manufacturer's instructions (B.F. Goodrich) must be followed explicitly.
7.31 PITOT STATIC SYSTEM
The pitot static system (Figure 7-29) supplies dynamic and static air
pressure for the operation of the airspeed indicator. Static air is also supplied
to the vertical velocity indicator and altimeter.
A heated pitot head is located under the nose of the aircraft just forward
of the nose gear doors. A second heated pitot system is installed when dual
flight instruments are installed.
Static source pickups (about the size of a half dollar) are located on both
sides of the rear fuselage forward of the horizontal tail. They connect to a
single line leading to the instruments. The dual pickups are provided to
reduce side slip effects on the airspeed indicator.
An alternate static source valve is located under the instrument panel

near the pilot's left knee. To actuate, push the lever up and to the left to lock
the valve in the open position. This valve can also be used to drain condensed
water from the static system. To drain, move lever up. If water appears leave
open till water stops flowing; then close valve.
When the alternate static source is selected, the pilot's instruments are
vented to cabin pressure. This means that the altimeter and airspeed
indicator will indicate higher readings than normal. (See correction chart in
Section 5 - Performance.) The vertical velocity indicator will show a
momentary climb.
The switches for the pitot heat are located in the right overhead switch
panel. Pitot covers are provided with each pitot head and should be installed
when the aircraft is parked to prevent bugs and rain from entering the pitot
head. A partially or completely blocked pitot system will give erratic or zero
reading on the airspeed indicator.
NOTE
Before every flight, check to make sure the pitot

cover has been removed.

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Figure 7-29

7-37
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HEATING, VENTILATING AND DEFROSTING SYSTEM
Figure 7-31
7-38
PA.31·350, CHIEFTAIN DESCRIPTION & OPERATION
7.33 HEAT, VENTILATING AND DEFROSTING SYSTEM
The heating, ventilating, and defrosting system (Figure 7-31) includes a

heater, fuel regulator, heat and defroster ducts, heat and defroster outlets,
and corresponding controls.
A 50,000 B.T.V. Janitrol heater, installed in the right nose section,

furnishes hot air for cabin heating and windshield defrosting. Fuel is
supplied from the right wing fuel cells only. The air inlet for the heater is
located on the lower right side of the nose section. The air passes through the
heater, into the distribution box and then to the heater outlets and/or the
defroster outlets. Heat outlets are provided in the cockpit and cabin areas. The
cockpit outlets are located below and at the end of the armrests. The cabin
outlets are located below the full length air ducts along the floor, giving good
heat distribution. The defroster outlets are located in the instrument panel
cover giving good airflow distribution to each windshield.
Heater operation is controlled by two switches mounted one below the

other and located in the lower right panel just to the right of the pedestal. The
upper switch has three positions: FAN, OFF and HEAT. The lower switch is
a momentary on type and is marked START/RESET.
When FAN is selected, the vent blower is turned on and air is circulated
through the heat ducts while on the ground or used to defog the windshield
when heat is not desired. This position is also used to cool the heater, so as
not to trip the heat limit switch, after use on the ground. When HEAT is
selected and the START/RESET switch is momentarily depressed, the
heater fuel pump turns on and ignition occurs simultaneously, providing
heated air within a few seconds.
The heater and defroster controls (Figure 7-33) are located on the lower
right instrument panel. The temperature control is below the flap switch.
Outboard of the temperature control are the defroster and cockpit controls.
The temperature control regulates the cabin temperature. To increase
temperature move the control to the right.
NOTE
For ground operation, takeoff and climb, do

not exceed midpoint.
REVISED: AUGUST 24, 1981 7·39
CABIN AIR CONTROL PANEL

Figure 7-33
The defroster control turns the defrosters on when the control is moved to
the right. The air is picked up at the heat distribution box and then ducted
directly to the defroster outlets. Because of this, it is suggested that the
defroster be turned on full until the windshield is defrosted. Then move the
control back toward the off position until just enough heated air is Howing to '-
keep the windshield defrosted.
A heater air inlet valve is located just aft of the heater air inlet scoop. It is
used to shut off the air to the heater if the heater becomes inoperative or
when the incoming air is cool. but doesn't necessitate turning the heater on.
C'AUTION
The heater air inlet valve must be full open

prior to and during heater operation. If this
valve is not full open during heater operation
the heater will become inoperative from over
heating.
The heater has a circulating fan that is controlled by a landing gear

safety switch and operates only when the aircraft is on the ground.
To turn the heater off, move the heater switch to OFF. If the heater is
turned off after operation on the ground, the switch should first be turned to
the FAN position for a few minutes to cool the heater, then turned off. If the
heater is turned off while in the air, it is not necessary to select the FAN
position.

7·40 REVISED: AUGUST 24, 1981
The heater is protected from overheating by a heat limit switch. If the

heater temperature reaches a predetermined setting, the limit switch opens
and the heater becomes inoperative. This is indicated by the illumination of
the HTR FAIL warning light in the annunciator panel. The heat limit switch
will automatically reset when sufficient time is allowed for the heater to cool.
By depressing the START/RESET switch momentarily, the heater can be
restarted. Heater restart is indicated by the HTR FAIL warning light ex
tinguishing after the START/RESET switch is released. Prior to restarting
the heater, ensure the following precautions are followed:
(a) The heater air inlet lever must be full open prior to and during
heater operation.
(b) Open all heater outlets to the full open position.
(c) The TEMP HEAT lever should only be half open.
(d) Immediately shut off heater if annunciator comes on again after
attempting to restart. Do not operate heater again until it has been
serviced by a qualified repair station.
WARNING
Operating a defective heater may be a serious

fire hazard.
(e) After heater has restarted, wait approximately 5 minutes and then,
if desired, the temperature lever may be moved to a higher
selection.
The ventilating system is designed to operate both on the ground and

during flight. The system employs a retractable air scoop, ventilating fans,
air distribution ducts and fresh air outlets for up to eight occupants.
The air is picked up by the air scoop on the bottom of the fuselage
forward of the main spar, then dueled to circulation fans enclosed in air
boxes located forward of the spar cover and on each side of the aisle. The air
then flows through air ducts along each side of the fuselage to the fresh air
outlets. For individual comfort, the amount of air to the outlets is regulated
by rotating the rim of the outlet clockwise to decrease the amount of flow
and counterclockwise to increase. The direction of the airflow can be
changed by moving the outlet in the desired direction of flow.

7-41
Cabin air is recirculated through an aisle grill located in each air box.
The aisle in the grill area should be clear of obstacles to allow free movement
of air. The air boxes contain ventilating fans whieh are controlled by a
switch placarded AIR CONTROL located in the overhead switch panel. The
air scoop is operated by the OUTSIDE AIR control located to the right of
the HEATER AIR INLET control.
A cabin exhaust is located in the raised tloor panel in the aft cabin area.
H is provided to aid air distribution within the cabin. A retractable exhaust
outlet is located in the lower aft section of the fuselage just aft of the main
cabin door. It is controlled by a push-pull control located below and to the
right of the copilot control wheel. The outlet should be open when the heater
is operating or, if desired, to aid ventilation.
To aid in cabin ventilation during ground operation, a ground

ventilation fan is installed aft of the cabin exhaust in the raised tloor panel in
the aft cabin area. An on-off control switch labeled GROUND VENT FAN is
mounted in the overhead switch panel. The fan extracts cabin air from
beneath the floorboards and expells it into the cabin through the ventilating
grill.
7.35 CABIN FEATURES
The interior has been designed for multi-purpose use. Pilot and copilot
seats are standard. The cabin area will aecommodate up to eight commuter
passengers, five to six passengers in executive style or it can be quickly
changed into a cargo area.
All passenger seats have folding armrests.
Shoulder harnesses are available. To use, the shoulder harness should

be routed over the shoulder nearest the window and latched when the seat
belt is latched. An inertia reel is available with the shoulder harness. The
inertia reel operation can be checked by pulling sharply on the shoulder
strap. The reel will lock in place when a 3g force is applied to the strap. The
locking feature prevents the strap from extending and holds the user in place.
Under normal movement the strap will extend and retract as required.
Shoulder harnesses should be routinely worn during takeoffs, landings and
emergency situations. ~

The pilot and copilot seats adjust fore, aft and vertically and also
recline. The seat controls are on the aisle side of each seat. The lower handle
adjusts the fore and aft position. Pull the handle up and move the seat to the
desired position; then release the handle. Move the seat until the locking pin
engages the seat track.
The middle handle adjusts the vertical position. To raise, relieve some
of the weight on the seat, pull the handle and the seat will rise. To lower, raise
the handle and apply weight to the seat until the desired position is reached.
Make sure the locking pin engages the vertical track when the handle is
released after adjustment.
The upper handle controls the reclining position of the seat back. Pull
the handle, lie back in the seat and release the handle. To erect, pull forward
on the seat back.
The passenger seats adjust fore and aft and recline except when the
seats are facing aft. The seat located aft of the cabin door and the one located
forward of the cabin divider do not adjust or recline.
Pockets are located on the back of the passenger seat backs. A map
pocket is located on the right side panel under the instrument panel.
Additional features include storm windows, sun visors and ash trays for
the pilot and copilot, and a pull curtain cockpit divider between the
passenger and crew areas. NO SMOKING and FASTEN SEAT BELT
lighted signs, installed overhead in the cabin, are controlled by switches in
the overhead panel. An optional chime will sound when these switches are
activated.
Optional equipment includes choice of interior, front and rear cabin

dividers, toilet, forward and aft refreshment center, bar, ash trays, folding
tables, tinted windows and cargo net. The interior comes in a choice of
fabric, vinyls and leather. Scotchguard fabrics are used throughout. The
blend of fabric, vinyls and leather gives long wear and comfort.
1. NACELLE COMPARTMENT
2. CATCH ASSEMBLY
J. BUCKLE
4. TIE DOWN STRAP
6. DOOR SUPPORT ARM
8. COMPARTMENT DOOR
7. LATCHING MECHANISM
B. LOCK ASSEMBLY
NACELLE BAGGAGE COMPARTMENT

Figure 7-35
7.37 BAGGAGE AREA
There are four baggage compartments. One is located in the nose, one in
the aft portion of each engine nacelle and a walk-in baggage area is aft of the
main cabin door. The cabin can be converted into a cargo area. (See Section
6 - Weight and Balance.)
The forward baggage compartment measures 25 x 20 inches and has a

loading capacity of 200 Ibs and a volume of 14 cubic feet. Access to the
compartment is gained through a hinged door on the left side of the nose. A
placard on the inner side of the door indicates the maximum allowable
baggage weight. To open, unlock, push in on the forward end of the door
handle, pull out on the aft end and raise the door until it latches in the up
position. To lower, the latch (placarded PUSH TO RELEASE) must be
pushed in, the door lowered and the handle pushed in and locked. The nose "'
compartment is equipped with a courtesy light for night loading. This light
will illuminate even if the master switch is off, consequently, leaving the door
open for extended periods is not recommended.

7-44
Each nacelle compartment has a load capacity of 150 pounds and a

volume of 13.25 cubic feet. Access to the compartment is gained through a
door atop the nacelle. The interior floors of the compartments, which
measure approximately 90 inches long, 23.5 inches wide and 11 inches high,
are carpeted to prevent baggage items from being damaged. To open,
unlock, push on the aft end of the handle and raise the forward end of the
handle. The door will now open and remain in the up position, held by a self
contained gas cylinder in the baggage door rod. The door can be closed with
one hand. A placard on the underside of each door details the loading
capacity and restrictions for the nacelle baggage compartment.
Access to the aft baggage compartment is gained through the main

cabin entrance door and, if installed, an optional cargo door mounted aft of
the main cabin door. The compartment has a volume of 22 cubic feet and will
accommodate up to 200 Ibs of cargo (including 50 lbs on the shelf). A placard
attached to the interior panel in the rear of the compartment indicates the
maximum loading capacity of the aft compartment. The compartment is
accessible from the cabin even in night.
Baggage tie down straps should be used in all baggage areas for safe and
secure stowage of baggage.
NOTE
It is the pilot's responsibility to be sure that the

aircraft is properly loaded and that the aircraft
e.G. falls within the allowable e.G. range. (See
Section 6 - Weight and Balance.)
7.39 FINISH
All aluminum sheet components of the PA-31-350 Chieftain are

carefully finished inside and out to insure maximum service life. Both sides
of all pieces are alodine treated and sprayed with zinc chromate primer to
prevent corrosion of all structural and non-structural parts. The exterior
surface of the airplane is coated with durable polyurethane in a variety of
colors and color combinations to fulfill the desires of each individual owner.
7.41 NUMBER PLATES
The manufacturer's name plate is located on the fuselage underside even

with the forward edge of the cabin door. A second plate containing only the
serial number is located to the left of the tail skid. The serial number should
always be used in referring to the airplane in service or warranty matters.
7.43 STALL WARNING
An approaching stall is indicated by the sounding of a stall warning

horn. This warning is activated by a sensing vane on the leading edge of the
right wing. Stall warning is given at about 4 to 10 knots before an actual stall
would occur. The stall warning system may be checked during pretlight by
lifting the sensing vane while the airplane master switch is ON. The horn
should activate.
Stall speed information is presented In graphs In Section 5

Performance.
7.45 OXYGEN SYSTEM*
The Scott oxygen system (Figure 7 39) is designed to provide

supplementary oxygen for the crew and passengers for flight at altitudes
above 10,000 feet.
Eight oxygen plug-in receptacles are in the cabin side panels and each
one is an ON-OFF valve. An oxygen supply gauge and flow control knob are
mounted on the lower right instrument panel. A pressure regulator is
mounted directly on the oxygen cy linder.
The 115 cubic foot oxygen cylinder is mounted either aft of the forward
baggage compartment or aft of the rear baggage compartment and, when
fully charged, contains oxygen at a pressure of 1850 pounds per square inch.
Before taking off for high altitude flying, be sure that the oxygen supply
is adequate for the proposed flight (see Figure 7-37) and that passengers are
briefed on oxygen use. When oxygen is required, pull the control knob to
ON and oxygen will flow from the cylinder through the connecting tubing "'-
and into the receptacles.
*Optional equipment

PA-31-350, CHIKFTAIN DESCRIPTION & OPERATION
Crew Passengers Oxygen Supply Range in Hours
25.76
1 12.88
2 8.58
3 6.44
4 5.15
5 4.29
6 3.68
7 3.22
8 2.86
9 2.57
With 2 Pilot's Masks Oxygen Supply Range in Hours
2
12.88
2 I
8.58
2 2
6.44
2 3
5.15
2 4
4.29
2 5
3.68
2 6
3.22
7 2.86
8 2.57
OXYGEN DURATION TABLE

Figure 7-37
To use oxygen, connect a constant flow mask fitting into a receptacle

and don the mask. A flow indicator shows oxygen pressure to the mask by
the absence of the red pellet which is forced toward the mask.
The oxygen masks are stowed beneath the seats.
The pilot's mask (identified with a red band on the supply hose) supplies
120 liters per hour. The passenger masks are identified with a gold or red
band on the supply hose and supply 90 liters per hour or 120 liters per hour,
respectively.

OXYGEN SYSTEM
Figure 7-39
Always remove the fitting from receptacle and stow mask when not-in
use. Oxygen will flow through the mask whenever the fitting is in the
receptacle and the control knob is ON. The mask may be damaged if not
stowed.
To prevent fire, oil, grease, hydraulic fluid, paint or other inflammable

material should be kept away from oxygen equipment
CAUTION
Positively NO SMOKING while oxygen is

being used by anyone in the airplane.

7-48 REVISED: SEPTEMBER 17,1982
7.47 EMERGENCY LOCATOR TRANSMITTER*
The Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT), when installed, is enclosed

under the removable dorsal fin forward of the vertical tail attachment to the
fuselage. The unit meets the requirements of FAR 91.52. The transmitter
operates on a self-contained battery. '
A battery replacement date is marked on the transmitter label. To

comply with FAA regulations, the battery must be replaced on or before this
date. The battery must also be replaced if the transmitter had been used in an
emergency situation or if the accumulated test time exceeds one hour, or if
the unit has been inadvertently activated for an undetermined time period.
When installed in the airplane, the ELT transmits through the antenna
mounted on the fuselage. The unit is also equipped with an integral portable
antenna to allow the locator to be removed from the airplane in an
emergency and used as a portable signal transmitter. Should it become
necessary to remove the ELT from the airplane, be sure that the switeh on the
unit is in the OFF position before the transmitter is disconnected from the
fuselage antenna. After the portable antenna is attached the unit may be
turned ON as desired.
The locater should be checked during the preflight ground check to

make sure that it has not been accidentally activated. Check by turning a
radio receiver to 121.5 MHz. If there is an oscillating sound, the locator may
have been activated and should be turned off immediately, Rearm the unit
and then recheck.
NOTE
If for any rcason a test transmission is

necessary, the test transmission should be
conducted only in the first five minutes of any
hour and limited to three audio sweeps. If tests
must be made at any other time the tests should
be coordinated with the nearest FAA tower or
tlight service station.
*Optional equipment

7-49
ee eIR 11 OPERATION
On the unit itself is a three position selector switch placarded OFF,

ARM and ON. The ARM position is provided to sel the unit to the
automatic position so that it will transmit only after impact and will continue
to transmit until the battery is drained to depletion or until the switch is
manually moved to the OFF position. The ARM position should be selected
whenever the unit is in the airplane. The ON position is provided so the unit
can be used as a portable transmitter or in the event the automatic feature
was not triggered by impact or to periodically test the funetion of the
transmitter.
Select the OFF position when changing the battery, when rearming the
unit if it has been activated for any reason, or to discontinue transmission.
NOTE
If the switch has been placed in the ON position

for any reason, the OFF position has to be
selected before selecting ARM. If ARM is
selected directly from the ON position, the unit
will continue to transmit in the ARM position.
A pilot'S remote switch, located on the lower left instrument panel

allows the transmitter to be controlled from inside the cabin. The pilot's
remote switch is placarded ON, ARM (Normal Flight Position), RESET. If
the pilot's remote switch has been placed in the ON position for any reason,
the momentary RESET position must be selected for 3 seconds before
allowing it to return to the ARM position. If for any reason the impact
switch becomes inadvertently activated, it may be reset by selecting the
momentary RESET position for 3 seconds before allowing it to return to the
ARM position.
REPORT: LK·1208 ISSVED: SEYfEMBER 14,1979

7·50
NARCO ELT 10 OPERATION
On the unit is a switch placarded ON, OFF, and ARM. The ARM
position allows thc unit to be set to the automatic mode so that it will
transmit only after activation by impact and will con~inue to transmit until
the battery is drained to depletion or until the switch is manually moved to
the OFF position. The ARM position should be selected whenever the unit is
in the airplane. The ON position is provided so that the unit can be used as a
portablc transmitter or in the event the automatic feature was not triggered
by impact or to periodically test the function of the transmitter. The OFF
position should be selected while changing the battery or to discontinue
transmission after the unit has been activated.
A pilot's remote switch, located on the lower left instrument panel

allows the transmitter to be controlled from inside the cabin. The pilot's
remote switch is placarded ON. ARM. The ARM position should be
selected for all normal flight operations. If activation occurs with the remote
switch in the ARM position, the transmitter must be reset. A button labeled
RESET is located above the selector switch. To rearm the unit after it has
been turned off or after it has been activated, the RESET button should be
pressed in after the selector switch has been placed in the ARM position.
This will end transmission and rearm the unit.

7·51
7.49 PROPELLER SYNCHROPHASER* (HARTZELL)
The propeller synchrophaser eliminates slight manual propeller

adjustments to reduce the "beat" effect of the propellers and minimizes
vibration.
A two position PROP SYNC control switch is mounted on the lower

portion of the instrument panel to the left of the control pedestal. The switch
positions are MANUAL and SYNC.
With the switch in the MANUAL position, the engines and propellers
are operated and controlled in the conventional manner. The synchrophaser
automatically maintains selected rpm after the pilot manually sets the
desired propeller speed and selects the SYNC position of the control switch.
This rpm will be maintained by the synchrophaser until the pilot readjusts
the propeller speed.
The major components of the system are two pulse generators, a

computer, and an electrically slaved, mechanically operated propeller
governor. With this system, the right engine is utilized as the slave engine
and the left engine as the master. The pulse generators are driven from the
adapted tach drive output and are interconnected electrically to the
computer which senses the speed of the engines through the magnetic
pickups in the pulse generators. The computer synchronizes the right engine
to the left, through a solenoid in the right propcller governor.
Circuit protection is provided by a push-to-reset type circuit breaker in

the circuit breaker control panel to the left of the pilot's seat on the sidewall.
The breaker is labeled PROP SYNC.
For Taxiing:
Set the synchrophaser switch to MANUAL.
For Takeoff and Landing:
Set the synchrophaser switch to MANUAL.
For Cruise:
Synchronize the propellers as close as possible manually; then set
the synchrophaser switch in the Prop Sync. position.
*Optional equipment

NOTE
Normally, propeller synchrophasing is achieved

in a few seconds but occasionally it may take a
full minute to achieve full propeller synchro
phasing.
If a change in power setting is desired, set the synchrophaser switch to

MANUAL position; wait 30 seconds. Adjust the power setting; then set the
synchrophaser switch in the Prop Sync. position.
Propeller "Phase" is preset at the factory. For further information on

Phase control and the Propeller Synchrophasing System, consult the
aircraft service manual.
NOTES
Should it be necessary to completely deactivate

the Prop Sync. system the circuit breaker must
be pulled.
Each time a propeller RPM differential greater

than 50 RPM occurs, it will be necessary to
recycle the system to MANUAL for 30 to 40
seconds. Manually resynchronize propellers;
then turn switch to Prop Sync. position.
In the event of an electrical system failure or if

the master switch is off, the slave engine will
return to the controlled selected RPM plus
approximately 25 RPM regardless of the
position of the synchrophaser switch (out of
synchronization).
For all single engine operations set the

synchrophaser switch to the manual position.
7.51 ELECTRIC PROPELLER DEICER*
An electrical propeller deicer system can be installed as optional

equipment. The installation consists of: propeller deicer pads bonded to the
leading edges of the propeller blades; modified sta~ter ring gears
incorporating slip rings to distribute power to the propeller deicers: brush
assemblies for power distribution to the slip ring; a timer which cycles power
to the propeller deicers; an ammeter, mounted in the circuit protector panel,
indicating current through the deicing system; and a propeller deice switch
located in the overhead switch panel.
When the propeller deicer switch is placed in the ON position, electrical

power is supplied to the propeller deicers from the airplane's electrical power
supply. The propeller deicer ammeter wilI indicate a reading of from 14 to 18
amps (green arc).
Deicing is accomplished by heating portions of the deicer pads in a

sequence which is controlled by the timer. The heat reduces the adhesion
between the ice and the propeller so that centrifugal force and the blast of the
airstream causes the ice to be thrown off the propeller blades. Heating of the
deicer pads is according to the following cycle:
(a) Outboard halves of propeller deicer pads, right enginc (30
seconds).
(b) Inboard halves of propeller deicer pads. right engine (30 seconds).
(c) Outboard halves of propeller deicer pads, left engine (30 seconds).
(d) Inboard halves of propeller deicer pads, left engine (30 seconds).
When the system is turned on heating may begin on anyone of the cycles
depending upon the initial positioning of the timing switch. Once begun,
cycling will proceed in the order of (a), (b), (c) and (d) as indicated above
until the system is turned otT.
A pretlight check of the propeller deicers can be performed by turning

the PROP DE-ICE switch on and feeling the deicer pads for proper heating
sequence. The deicer pads should be warm to the touch.
A less vigorous test may be accomplished by turning the PROP DE-ICE

switch on with the engine's operating at idle and noting that the ammeter
needle remains in the green arc for one complete cycle. (2 minutes)
*Optional equipment

7·54 REVISED: JULY 25, 2005
The heat provided by the deicer pads reduces the adhesion between the
ice and the propeller so that centrifugal force and the blast of airstream cause
the ice to be thrown off the propeller blades in very small pieces. This ice can
produce minor damage to the fuselage if ice shields* have not been installed.
CAUTIONS
When conducting the above described ground

test, do not operate system longer than two
complete cycles.
If the ammeter reading is less than in the green

arc this indicates that one or more of the pads is
not functioning. If propeller deice is used under
this condition the pilot can expect an uneven
build up of ice with consequent undesirable
vibration.
Propeller imbalance may be relieved by varying the RPM; increase

RPM briefly and return to desired setting, repeating if necessary.
7.53 ICE DETECTION LIGHT*
An ice detection light can be installed on the outboard side of the left
engine nacelle for checking icing conditions during night flight. This light is
controlled by a switch mounted in the overhead switch panel.
7.55 24 VOLT - 25 AMPERE HOUR BATTERY*
A 24 volt - 25 ampere hour battery is available for longer engine

cranking time and prolonged electrical life in case the alternators become
inoperative.
*Optional equipment

7-55
7.57 AIR CONDITIONER*
A 16,000 B.T.U. recirculating air conditioning system (Figure 7-41) is

available for cooling the interior of the aircraft. This rated capacity is for
ground operation and increases to a higher rating in flight. Major
components of the system are: compressor, condenser, evap'orators, cooling
fans, movable scoop and operating controls. The air conditioner utilizes the
normal ventilating air ducts for air distribution.
Two evaporator modules are installed in the ventilating air boxes.

Enclosed in each box is an evaporator and fan. Also, a temperature control
switch is located in the right air box. Water that is extracted when the air
passes through the evaporators is dumped overboard through drain tubes in
the bottom of the fuselage.
The air conditioner temperature control is located to the right of the

power quadrant. It is a rheostat control and once a desired setting is selected
it will normally be left in that position. If the control is rotated
counterclockwise to the stop position the air conditioner will not operate
nor will it operate if the ambient cabin temperature is at or below 65°F. The
control is rotated clockwise to increase cooling. This rheostat controls the
cabin temperature through a range of 65°F to 85°F.
The air conditioner switch is located in the overhead switch panel. This
switch is used normally for turning the air conditioner on or off. It is a three
position switch and is marked OFF, FAN and AIR CONDo The fan position
circulates the cabin and cockpit air. This position can also be used to aid
heated air circulation when the heater is being operated. The AIR COND
position turns the air conditioning system on. An adjacent switch controls
the fan speed at either high or low.
For cooling the interior of the aircraft on the ground, operate the right
engine at 1000 RPM (compressor is mounted on right engine) and select AIR
COND on the air conditioner switch. Select desired temperature with the air
conditioner rheostat control. To allow recirculation of the cabin air, make
sure the fresh air scoop is closed, (fresh air control off) and the cabin exhaust
vent is closed.
*Optional equipment

7-56
" \
\ ,
\
l>\
\
I
/
I
/\ \
\
\.<Y"'--r----
-~-:e
=\
::
\ \ \
\
/
\
\
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

Figure 7-41
ISSUED: SEPTE~1BER 14, 1979 REPORT: LK-1208

7-57
Whenever the compressor is operating while the aircraft is on the

ground, the condenser scoop located on the top of the right nacelle will open.
In night, the door will remain elosed. This scoop is operated by an electric
motor and is actuated automatically. Whenever the compressor cycles off
the scoop will elose. So if the system is operating for an extended period on
the ground the scoop may close and open. Because the air is being
recirculated, the cabin will be cooled to a comfortable temperature within a
few minutes. If the scoop doesn't open, the cooling capacity will be reduced
considerably.
NOTE
If no cooling effect is noted within two minutes

after the system is turned on, turn the system
off. With a low or zero refrigerant charge,
continuous operation may result in oil
starvation of the compressor and subsequent
failure of the compressor. If this happens, the
system should be checked before further use.
Because the compressor is mounted on the right engine the system may
be operated while loading and unloading passengers, if desired. This also
allows precooling of the interior of the aircraft before loading passengers.
During ground operation at temperatures of 70°F and above and with a

crosswind component of ten knots or greater, the right engine should be
operated at 1500 RPM to ensure full cooling capacity.
For cooling during flight, elose the fresh air scoop and exhaust vent if
open. Select AIR COND on the air conditioner switch; then select the
desired temperalUre. Fresh air input to the cabin, after the cabin has been
cooled, can be obtained by utilizing the normal cabin ventilating system, if
desired.
NOTE
For single engine operation the air conditioner

system should be turned off or the fan position
selected.
A pressure switch is provided in the freon system to prevent the

compressor from operating during low ambient temperatures or to prevent
the compressor from operating with a low refrigerant charge.

7·58
7.59 RADAR*
A weather radar system can be installed in this airplane. The basic

components of this installation are an antenna, a transmitter/ receiver, and a
cockpit indicator. The function of the weather radar system is to detect
weather conditions along the flight path and to visually display a continuous
weather outline on the cockpit indicator. Through interpretation of the
advance warning given on the display, the pilot can make an early decision
on the most desirable weather avoidance course.
In addition to its primary purpose, weather mapping, the system can be

used for navigation. A ground mapping feature allows the pilot to identify
coastlines, water masses, islands, high ground, etc. This provides the pilot
with a guidance feature which may be useful in adverse weather conditions
or over areas where ground-based navigational aids are limited.
For detailed information on the weather radar system and for

procedures to follow in operating and adjusting the system to its optimum
efficiency, refer to the appropriate operating and service manuals provided
by the radar system manufacturer.
NOTE
When operating weather avoidance radar

systems inside moderate to heavy precipitation
it is advisable to set the range scale of the radar
to its lowest setting.
"--
*Optional equipment

7-59
WARNING
Heating and radiation effects of radar can

cause serious damage to the eyes and tender
organs of the body. Personnel should not be
allowed within fifteen feet of the area being
scanned by the antenna while the system is
transmitting. Do not operate the radar during
refueling or in the vicinity of trucks or
containers accomodating explosives or flam
mables. Flashbulbs can be exploded by radar
energy. Before operating the radar in any mode
other than STANDBY, direct the nose of the
airplane so that the forward 120 degree sector is
free of any metal objects such as other aircraft
or hangars for a distance of at least 100 yards,
and tilt the antenna upward 15 degrees. Do not
operate the radar while the airplane is in a
hangar or other enclosure.
7.61 ELECTRICALLY HEATED WINDSHIELD*
An electrically heated pilot's windshield can be installed on the

PA-31-350, Chieftain as optional equipment.
The electrically heated windshield, used to prevent and/or remove icing

and fogging, is controlled by a WINDSHIELD HEAT switch mounted in
the overhead switch panel. With the engines running, a preflight check can
be made by activating the control switch. The windshield is operating
properly if it feels warm to the touch.
Ground operation should be kept to a minimum to prevent overheating

of the windshield. Distorted vision or small bubbles in the plastic of the
windshield may indicate an overheat condition.
The exterior surface of the windshield has a Nesa coating to prevent

static discharge. Use care when cleaning (rcfer to Section 8 - Airplane
Handling, Servicing and Maintenance).
*Optional equipment

7.63 ELECTRIC WINDSHIELD WIPER*
An electrically operated windshield wiper can be installed in

conjunction with the electrically heated windshield on the pilot's side.
The system is protected by a circuit breaker located in the circuit

breaker control panel and controlled by a speed adjustment knob mounted
on the left side of the instrument panel. The speed adjustment knob has four
positions: PARK, OFF, LOW and HIGH. To operate the wiper, select the
desired speed position.
CAUTION
Do not operate the windshield wiper at airplane

speeds above 127 KIAS or on a dry windshield.
When operation of the wiper is no longer required, turn the speed

adjustment knob to OFF and to PARK. The PARK position resets the
wiper blade and will automatically return the knob to the OFF position
when released.
7.65 RIGHT INSTRUMENT PANEL LIGHTING*
Instrument lighting for the right instrument panel is provided by

individual post lamps mounted adjacent to each instrument. These lights are
controlled by a rheostat switch located on the overhead panel. The lights are
turned on with the first movement of the rheostat knob and the light
intensity is increased by further rotation of the knob.
7.67 FIRE EXTINGUISHER (PORTABLE)*
A portable fire extinguisher is mounted to the seat frame beneath the

pilot's seat. The extinguisher is suitable for use on liquid or electrical fires. It
is operated by aiming the nozzle at the base of the fire and squeezing the
trigger grip. Releasing the trigger automatically stops further discharge of
the extinguishing agent. Read the instructions on the nameplate and become
familiar with the unit before an emergency situation. The dry powder type
" extinguisher is fully discharged in about 10 seconds, while the Halon 1211
type is discharged in 15 to 20 seconds.
*Optional equipment

WARNING
The concentrated agent from extinguishers

using Halon 1211 or the by-products when
applied to a fire are toxic when inhaled.
Ventilate the cabin as soon as possible after fire
is extinguished to remove smoke or fumes. Use
oxygen, if necessary.
7.69 ANTI·STATIC WICKS**
Anti-static wicks can be installed on the trailing edges of the wing panels
and the tail surfaces to aid in clearing the airplane of surface static electricity,
which may disrupt LF reception, cause a loss of ADF indication or cause
VHF imerference. A total of eighteen wicks are attached to the airplane:
three on each aileron; three outboard and one inboard on each elevator; and
three on the upper part and one on the lower part of the rudder.
7.71 RAMP HAILER*
The ramp hailer is used to instructions to ground personnel outside

the aircraft. A speaker is located in the nose section forward of the nose
wheel area. To operate, turn on the master switch, select EXT on the
transmitter selector switch on the radio control panel, key the microphone
and give your instructions. The ramp hailer works best with the engines
idling or shut down.
7.73 CARGO DOOR*
A large cargo door can be installed adjacent to the main cabin entrance
door to facilitate loading of the aft baggage compartment (refer to Figure
7-43). The door latch handle, mounted in the forward side of the door, is
revealed by opening the cabin entrance door. To open the cargo door on
earlier models, pull down on the top of the handle and raise the door until it
latches in the up position. On later models, pull outward on the door until
the gas spring support goes "over center" and begins to push up on the door
Release the door and allow the gas spring support to raise it to the full open
position. The additional width and height of the fuselage opening will allow
*Optional equipment
**Optional on early models, standard on later models.

7·62 REVISED: NOVEMBER 18,1983
convenient, unhindered loading of bulky items. To lower the door on earlier

models, push up on the knurled knob on the door support arm, lower the
door and push in on the bottom of the door handle until it latches securely to
the fuselage. To close the door on later models, pull it down to the closed
position. (As the door approaches the closed position, the gas spring support
will assist in closing the door.) While pushing inward on the bottom of the
door, move the top of the latch handle aft to latch the door securely to the
fuselage.
The aft main cabin entrance door support cable is provided with a filting
that enables it to be detached in the center. After the cable is separated, the
lower portion of the cable can be attached to the eye bolt fitting on the
fuselage. This features provides an unobstructed fuselage opening for
loading cargo.
When the optional cargo door is installed, the standard, triangular

shaped aft window in the left side of the fuselage is deleted and a cargo
loading placard is installed in the aft baggage compartment. The interior of
the cargo door is deeply upholstered to match the interior styling of the
cabin.
7.75 PILOT'S DOOR*
The pilot door installation provides direct access to the pilot

compartment from the left side of the fuselage. The feature permits
convenient pilot entry when the cabin area is loaded with cargo.
The door incorporates the pilot's side window and storm window. A
door handle, theft lock and latching mechanism are provided on the inside
of the pilot's door to maintain a secure theft-proof cockpit (Figure 7-45). To
open the door from within the cockpit, release the latch on the bottom edge
of the door and move the door handle to the OPEN position (aft). This will
allow the door to be pushed out and forward until it latches in place. The
door is held in place by a support arm, which must be released before the
door can be closed. This is accomplished by pushing upward on the
adjustment knob attached to the support arm.
The theft lock is an integral part of the main latching mechanism. This
locking device is intended for ground purposes only, and should be
unlocked prior to flight to allow the door to be opened from the outside in
the event of an emergency landing.
*Optional equipment

REVISED: AUGUST 24,1981 7·63
TYPICAL CABIN ENTRANCE DOOR AND CARGO DOOR
Figure 7-43
7·64 REVISED: NOVEMBER 18, 1983
DOOR HANDLE
PILOT'S DOO R
Figure 7-45

7-65
To open the pilot's door from outside the airplane, turn the door handle
counterclockwise and pull out on the door. If the theft lock is pushed, or the
door was previously locked from the outside, the key provided with the
airplane must be used to unlock the door before opening.
7.77 CABINETRY*
Among the optional interior appointments available in the Chieftain is a

variety of cabinet installations (Figure 7-47).
Storage cabinets or a combination storage cabinet and refreshment unit

may be installed aft of the crew seats, between the cockpit and the main cabin
areas. The storage cabinet units include slots for map, chart, or manual
storage and several slide-out drawers. The refreshment unit includes storage
drawers, an ice chest, a one quart electrically heated liquid unit, a cup
dispenser, and a pull-out work surface. The area between the cabinets and
the cabin ceiling may be closed off with cabin dividers, and the walkway
between the cabinet units may be equipped with a draw curtain to allow the
cockpit area to be completely separated from the main cabin.
Cabinetry available for the aft cabin area includes storage cabinets,
vanity, and refreshment units, which may be installed in the aft cabin area
either forward of the cabin door or forward of the rear baggage area. Among
the optional vanity and refreshment facilities available with rear cabinetry
installations are: a mirror, an outlet for an electric razor, an ice chest, a
beverage container, thermos pitchers, a half-gallon electrically heated liquid
unit, a serving tray, a litter container, and storage drawers. The aft cabinets
arc mounted on vertical dividers extending the height of the cabin, and
several are available with privacy curtains or folding doors to allow the aft
cabin to be closed off from the passenger area.
*Optional equipment

7-66 REVISED: AUGUST 24, 1981
PA-31-3S0, CHIEFTAIN DESCRIPTION & OPERATION
1. RIGHT FORWARO STORAGE CABINET 9. lfFT FOLDING TABLE

2. RIGHT FORWARO CABIN DIVIDER 10. RIGHT AFT VANITY IREFRESHMENT UNIT
3. LEFT FORWARD STORAGE CABINET 11. lfFT AFT REFRESHMENT UNIT
4. LEFT FORWARD CABIN OIVlDER 12. AFT COMBINATION UNIT·
6. FORWARD REFRESHMENT UNIT REFRESHMENTININTH SEAT ITOILET
B. RIGHT FOLDING TABLE 13. COMBINATION UNIT· NINTH SEATITOILET
7. CUP HOLDER 14. AFT REFRESHMENT UNIT ICABIN DIVIDER
B. INLAID MAP TABLE TOP 16. COMBINATION UNIT· NINTH SEATITOILET
CABINETRY OPTIONS
Figure 7-47

7-67
7.79 FOLDING TABLES*
Folding tables (Figure 7-47) can be installed on either or both sides of

the cabin between the second and third windows. A table can be used only
-"'--
when the first seat in the passenger area is installed facing. aft, conference
style. The drop-leaf table pulls up from its wall rack and folds down into
position. The table installation includes ash trays, glass holders, and recesses
for holding small items.
7.81 TOILET INSTALLATION*
A self-contained toilet can be installed in the aft section of the cabin

(Figure 7-47). In either a side-facing or forward-facing seat position, the unit
may be used as a passenger seat. The seat cushion conceals the toilet. Either a
folding door or a draw curtain may be installed forward of the toilet to close
off the aft cabin, assuring the occupant of privacy.
Plastic disposable bags which are available from Piper dealers should
be placed in the toilet receptacle. After use, remove the plastic bag, close it
with a wire tie, and, after landing, dispose of it in the proper field facilities.
Do not attempt to flush the bag in a toilet. "-
A relief tube is exposed when the toilet seat is raised. The relief tube also
serves as a vent for the toilet; therefore, be sure that the tube system is not
blocked or obstructed.
7.83 EMERGENCY ELECTRICAL POWER PACK*
An optional emergency electrical power supply installation is available

for the Chieftain. This installation includes a 28 volt nickle-cadmium battery
which will provide a short-term emergency electrical source to power nav 2,
comm 2 and glide slope 2.
This installation is to be used only in an emergency situation and only

after all emergency procedures for electrical failure outlined in Section 3
have been completed and no power from either alternator or from the
airplane's battery is available to the avionics bus.
*Optional equipment

7-68
The switch for the emergency power supply is located on the pilot's
instrument panel. When the emergency mode is selected, nav 2, comm 2 and
glide slope 2 are removed from the primary electrical system and are
transferred to the emergency power supply.
The emergency power supply battery has a 3.8 amp hour life when fully
charged. Limited operation (equipment turned OFF when not in actual use)
of the nav 2, comm 2 and glide slope 2 is required to extend the life of the
emergency battery. The pilot must become familiar with the current
consumption of these avionics installations to allow budgeting of emergency
electrical power to insure arrival at a landing site. Current consumption
information is available in the manuals provided by the manufacturer of the
avionics equipment.
For a complete description of the system, its operation and

maintenance, refer to the appropriate operating and service manuals
supplied by the system manufacturer.
NOTE
Under IFR conditions, an approach and

landing should be made at the nearest suitable
airport no more than 45 minutes after
activation of the Emergency Power Switch.
The 45 minute limitation assumes a fully
charged emergency battery.

7-69

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CHIEFTAIN

SECTION 3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES

SECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE

SECTION 7 DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION OF

SECTION 10 OPERATING TIPS

1.1 Introduction................................................................................. 1-1

1.3 Engines ....................................................................................... 1-3

1.5 Propellers .................................................................................... 1-3

1.7 Fuel............................................................................................. 1-4

1.9 Oil............................................................................................... 1-4

1.11 Maximum Weights...................................................................... 1-4

1.13 Standard Airplane Weights ......................................................... 1-5

1.15 Baggage Space............................................................................ 1-5

1.17 Specific Loadings ....................................................................... 1-5

1.19 Symbols, Abbreviations and Terminology................................. 1-7

PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 1

PA-31-350, CHIEFTAIN GENERAL

This Pilot's Operating Handbook is designed for maximum utilization

This handbook is not designed as a substitute for adequate and

Assurance that the airplane is in an airworthy condition is the

Although the arrangement of this handbook is intended to increase its

ISSUED: SEPTEMBER 14, 1979 REPORT: LK-1208

GENERAL PA-31-350, CHIEFTAIN

REPORT: LK-1208 ISSUED: SEPTEMBER 14, 1979

PA·31·350, CHIEFTAIN GENERAL

(a) Number of Engines 2

(a) Number of Propellers 2

ISSUED: SEPTEMBER 14, 1979 REPORT: LK·1208

GENERAL PA-31-350, CHIEFTAIN

(a) Fuel Capacity (U.S. gal) (total) 192

(a) Oil Capacity (U.S. quarts) (each engine) 12

1.11 MAXIMUM WEIGHTS

(a) Maximum Ramp Weight (lbs) 7045

* Anti-icing additive per MIL-I-27686 is approved for use in the above

REPORT: LK-1208 ISSUED: SEPTEMBER 14, 1979

PA-31-350, CHIEFTAIN GENERAL

1.13 STANDARD AIRPLANE WEIGHT*

(a) Standard Empty Weight (lbs): Weight of a

between the Maximum Ramp Weight and

the Standard Empty Weight.

FORWARD AFT NACELLE

(a) Compartment Volume

1.17 SPECIFIC LOADINGS

(a) Wing Loading (Ibs per sq ft) 30.6

ISSUED: SEPTEMBER 14, 1979 REPORT: LK-1208

PA-31-350, CHIEFTAIN GENERAL

1.19 SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY

The following definitions are of symbols, abbreviations and

(a) General Airspeed Terminology and Symbols

CAS Calibrated Airspeed means the indicated

KCAS Calibrated Airspeed expressed in Knots.

GS Ground Speed is the speed of an airplane

lAS Indicated Airspeed is the speed of an

KIAS Indicated Airspeed expressed in Knots.

M Mach number is the ratio of true airspeed

TAS True Airspeed is the airspeed of an airplane

VA Maneuvering Speed is the maximum

VFE Maximum Flap Extended Speed is

Maximum Con Maximum power permissible contin

Maximum Normal Maximum power permissible continu

Accelerate-Stop The distance required to accelerate an air