Sahmbel Ayay SN - REPORT
Sahmbel Ayay SN - REPORT
Sahmbel Ayay SN - REPORT
Table of contents
2.1 Location
The hotel Building is located in mekele. The area is expected to have adequate water
supply system and Municipal Drainage system, as a benefit from the existing &/ or
proposed city infrastructure.
The project site is sloppy to the right side of building. The main outfall for surface drainage
is the municipal main along the bypassing road on the south side.
3.2 Population
The population of the caption project can be categorized into hotel. The building contains
6 twin room’s and 24 standard room’s.
The daily water demand calculation of such building is based on the population number
served. The domestic Water demand of the project has been established on the basis of
200lits/capita/day for Hotels (per bed) Up to 4 stars.
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Table 2: Water Consumption per Day
Rate of water
Ser. No of demand, Total
No Group Members lpcd Demand, l/d
Standard and common engineering practices have been used in determining the plumbing
system, including ease of installation and accessibility for maintenance purposes.
The available piping materials in the local market are galvanized steel, HDPE
compression pipe, UPVC, the Hydro system (PP-R) pipes which, including their fittings.
UPVC, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and concrete pipes are the major available materials for
sewerage. The design, therefore, envisages the use of PP-R pipes for internal conveying
of water supply, and HDPE, COATED PP-R & GS Pipes for the external water distribution
& connection systems. For internal and external sewerage systems, UPVC drainage pipes
are recommended; and also concrete pipes for the storm water drainage system.
The sewer System have been arranged to meet the Design Standards:
A new expansion of the municipal sewer line is expected nearby, which will be the
destination for the waste disposal system of the project; and septic tank is proposed as a
temporary solution.
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2.0 THE DESIGN
4.2 Source
As it is assumed that potable water supply by the Municipality is dependable, there was no need
for locating or investigating for an independent source of potable water.
4.3 Storage
The water requirement/ water demand of the building was calculated by assigning specific load
values from the new Ethiopian Codes of Standard to all fixtures in order to achieve economy in
selecting pipe sizes and to ensure adequate supply to all fixtures at all times.
4.4 Distribution
The water requirement/water demand of the building was calculated by assigning specific
load values from the new Ethiopian Codes of Standard to all fixtures in order to achieve
economy in selecting pipe sizes and to ensure adequate supply to all fixtures at all times.
Roof water tank provision is selected based on the fact that any cut-off in the main
distribution system may interrupt, or seriously affect, the proper functions of the buildings.
Roof water tank sizes are determined from the daily water requirement for sanitary units
located in the building or the population being served. Assuming a one days interruption
of supply:
15m3 provide three elevated water tank with each volume of 5m3.
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B. PIPE SIZING: sizes of pipes are determined from Monograms, charts and/or tables
based on fixture loading units and Hazen William's formula, namely V= 0.85cR 0.63 S
0.54
B1. Rising Main Pipe: This is a pipe feeding the elevated/ roof water tank whose size is
determined from the volume of the elevated water tank in respect to pumping
period to fill it.
C. Pumping
The pumping station (pump house) will be at the basement floor of the building, as shown
on the drawings provided. Two pairs of pumps are allocated for Domestic purposes, each
pair containing one for daily operation and the other as a stand-by pump. That of fire
fighting system is allocated separately as described below.
C1. Domestic pump: The pump characteristics was determined from the basic data such
as the volume of the elevated water tank, the time allocated to fill it, and the elevation to
where water has to be pumped along with the head loss in the riser pipe.
Analysis:
The total head for which the pump will operate is:
a. Elevation difference between the surface of the water in the reservoir and the elevated water
tank, which is the static head, is 40m.
b. The head losses due to friction both in the pipes and fittings and at the suction and delivery
lines shall be 30% of the static head, i.e., flv2/2gd= (0.025x65x(2m/s)2)/2x9.81x0.042=7.9
c. The residual head (pressure) required at the point of outlet to the roof mounted water tank
shall be 5m.
The total head for which the pump will be operating is 40m + 7.9m + 5m =52.9m, ≈ 55m
= 10m³/hr = 2.8L/s
This pair of pumps is also installed in the same position as shown in the detail plan
provided. The main purpose is to boost water through fire hydrants during breakout of fire
or for any other purposeful operation.
II. The total head at which the pump will be operational is:
Static head (Hs) = 33m (the most extreme hydrant point, within the system,
which is the fire hydrant point at 7th floor.
Head loss due to friction pipe(hf)=flv2/2gd
= (0.025*73*(2.5 2) l/s)/ (2*9.81*0.04) =13.84m =14m
Head loss due to fittings, (ht) = 0.30 x hf =0.3x14 =4.2m)
Pressure required at firefighting NOZZLES (Hn) shall be = 10m
H = Hs+hf+ht+Hn = 33+14+4.2+10 =61.2m
H = 65m
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B2. Pipe Sizing in Buildings: This was performed on basis of load values of sanitary
appliances under consideration and was taken from standards.
The determination and selection of each pipe section is based on the water flow in each pipe
section, as directed from the water flow required at each fixture draw-off points.
The tabular method uses a work sheet which can be completed as each of the steps is followed
in the pipe sizing procedure. An example of the method follows with some explanation of each
step.
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WC flushing cistern single or dual flush – 0.13 0.05 2
to fill in 2 minutes
WC trough cistern 0.15 per WC 0.10 2
Wash basin tap size ½ DN 15 0.15 per tap 0.10 1.5 to 3
0.05 per tap 0.03 –
Spray tap or spray mixer 0.20 per tap 0.10 1
Bidet 0.30 0.20 10
0.60 0.40 22
Bath tap, nominal size ¾ DN 20
0.20 hot or cold 0.10 3
0.20 0.10 3
Bath tap, nominal size 1 – DN 25
Shower head (will vary with type of head) 0.30 0.20 5
Sink tap, nominal size ½ DN 15 0.60 0.40 –
0.20 hot or cold 0.15
0.15 0.10 3
Sink tap, nominal size 3/4 DN 20 0.004 per position 0.002 –
served
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Figure 4-4 Conversion chart - loading unit to flow rate
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(8) equivalent pipe length(m)
(2)loading units
1 54 0.8 33.2 0.925 0.03 7.83 4.80 12.63 0.42264923 0.42264923 3.23 40…ok
2 45 0.7 33.2 0.809 0.03 3.40 2.00 5.4 0.142638827 0.565288057 9.46 40…ok
3 36 0.6 26.6 1.080 0.06 0.50 1.50 2 0.115762737 0.681050794 12.52 32…ok
4 27 0.54 26.6 0.972 0.05 3.40 3.00 6.4 0.307368508 0.988419302 15.58 32…ok
5 18 0.42 26.6 0.756 0.03 3.40 3.80 7.2 0.221545261 1.209964563 18.64 32…ok
6 9 0.3 26.6 0.540 0.02 3.40 1.53 4.93 0.083581675 0.083581675 6.4 25…ok
7 9 0.3 21.2 0.850 0.05 0.80 0.36 1.16 0.058067989 0.141649664 9.46 25…ok
The same procedure, as shown above, have been adopted for each sub-main supply
pipe, and the sizes of all branch pipes are similarly determined and shown on floor plans
and riser diagrams.
4.5 Source
The main sources of waste water are the bathing, toilet, laundry, kitchen and
other sanitary facilities within and outside the blocks. The rate of wastewater
production is established on the basis of standard engineering practices.
The appropriate sewer pipe material and size have been selected and the sewer
lines have been arranged in such a way that the installation and maintenance
that would involve none or minimum demolishing works and accessibility for
inspection.
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Pipe size is determined based on fixture type, size of outlet and nature
and quantity of waste flow, as well as using Monograms and tables which
are prepared using manning formula.
The external sewer lines are of UPVC pipes of suitable size and quality,
with manholes at every change of direction or invert elevation,
branching/joining points, and at 40 m to 50m interval in straight run.
4.7 Vents
Since waste water flow during flushing a fixture, or group of them, tends to loose
the water seal of fixtures at upstream and create an access to the foul gases in
the rooms, vent pipes are provided to lead foul gases in sewage drainage system
to the external of the building, thereby maintaining atmospheric pressure in the
system that is reducing air turbulence.
A stack vent, which is an extension part of the vertical stack collecting soil and
waste water products down to the ground floor, is extended up through the
roofing system to the exterior of the building and terminates with a vent cap,
mostly at 30cm above the roof terminal.
4.8 Disposal
Waste water collected from all facilities will be disposed temporarily into
septic tank. Municipal sewer line is expected for the Future.
Lv = Liquid Volume
Sv = Sludge Volume
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DP = Dislodging period (Assume 5 Years)
P= 72 Persons. (Resident)
= 19.71m3
= 48.51m3
Therefore use 50m3 capacity septic tanks according to the location shown
on the site layout
5.2 Source
The main sources of storm water are the roofs of the block, parking areas access
roads and other pavements. The run off quantity is determined using the rational
formula,
2.3.2. ROOF WATER DRAINAGE DESIGN
ciTC Aeff
Q=
3600
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C: runoff coefficient; for roof; C=0.75-1
iTC =average rainfall intensity for duration is equal to the time
Of concentration for a selected return period; mm/hr
Aeff. =Effective catchments area, m² /ERA Drainage Manual-2002/
5.3 Disposal
The project site has MAJOR outfall in the North (front side) of the project site.
The main Road with drainage facilities can be used as a drainage out fall for the
captioned project.
Bibliography
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