Science: Quarter 1 - Module 1 Volcano and Its Relation To Plate Tectonics

10
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Science
Quarter 1 - Module 1
Volcano and Its Relation
to Plate Tectonics
Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Science- Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 - Module 1: Volcano and Its Relation to Plate Tectonics
First Edition, 2020
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10
Science
Quarter 1 – Module 1
Volcano and its Relation
to Plate Tectonics
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Table of Contents
COVER PAGE Page

COPYRIGHT PAGE
TITLE PAGE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
WHAT THIS MODULE IS ALL ABOUT
HOW TO LEARN THIS MODULE
GUIDLEINES AND REMINDERS
Lesson 1: Plate Tectonic Theory

What I Need to Know 1
What I Know 1
What’s In 2
What’s New 3
What Is It 3
What’s More 4
What I Have Learned 5
What I Can Do 5
Assessment 6
Additional Activity 7
Lesson 2: Kinds of Volcanoes
What I Know 8
What’s In 10
What’s New 10
What Is It 11
What’s More 12
What I Can Do 13
Assessment 13
Lesson 1: Distribution of Volcanoes
What I Know 17
What’s In 18
What’s New 19
What Is It 20
What’s More 23
What I Can Do 25
Assessment 25
Unit Assessment 28
Answer Key 31
References 32
What This Module is About
Introductory Message
Welcome to the Science 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Volcano and Its
Relation to Plate Tectonics.
To the facilitator:
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from
public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners
meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also
need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own
learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the
tasks included in the module.
To the parents:
As vital partners in education, your support to your children’s learning at home is a great
factor to ensure that they will become successful in what they do. As parents, you are
expected to monitor your children’s progress while they are accomplishing the tasks in this
module while at the same time, ensuring that they learn independently.
The objectives set for this learning material will be certainly accomplished with your
steadfast guidance and support.
To the learner:
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning
activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the
needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.
Furthermore, it is our objective that you will have fun while going through this material. Take
charge of your learning pace and in no time, you will successfully meet the targets and
objectives set in this module which are intended for your ultimate development as a learner
and as a person.
How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.
Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.
What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
Knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.
What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you
What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.
What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.
What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson
What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.
What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help you
transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life
situations or concerns.
Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of

mastery in achieving the learning competency.
Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to you to

enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned.
This also tends to retention of learned concepts.
Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module.
At the end of this module you will also find:
References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.
Guidelines and Reminders

The following are some guidelines and reminders to remember when using this module:
1. Use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Do not forget to answer the What I Know section before moving on to the next
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks found in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain
deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
- From the Science 10 Module Development

Team
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Lesson EARTH AND SPACE
1 Plate Tectonic Theory
What I Need to Know

Have you ever wondered how the land masses, the islands and continents,
were formed? Did they just exist the way they are now or the results of a
long process and sequential events?
In this lesson, you will learn about the Plate Tectonic Theory. Specifically, you will:
a. Identify the tectonic plates of the world; and,

b. Describe how these tectonic plates behave.
What I Know
Matching Type: Relate each statement in column A to the options in column B.
Write the letter of your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1
COLUMN A COLUMN B
_____ 1. The formation of new crust on the ocean floor a. Pangaea
_____ 2. A long narrow chain of underwater hills or b. Gondwanaland
mountains
_____ 3. Boundary formed where two plates bump into c. Convection currents
each other
_____ 4. Boundary found where plates are moving d. Plate tectonic theory
apart at mid-ocean ridges
_____ 5. Wegner’s large continent e. Laurasia
_____ 6. A theory stating that the Earth’s surface is f. Colliding boundary
composed of broken pieces
_____ 7. Melted material that rises from the mantle g. Magma
_____ 8. The single continent million years ago made h. Ridge
up of the southern continents
_____ 9. Forces responsible for the movement of i. spreading boundary
plates
_____ 10. The northern continental group formed j. rift
million years ago
_____ 11. The first layer of the lithosphere k. seafloor spreading
_____ 12. The Earth layer where magma come from l. convection cell
_____ 13. The cyclic movement of molten rock in the m. core
mantle
_____ 14. Currently the biggest continent n. crust
_____ 15. The innermost layer of the lithosphere o. Asia
p. mantle
What’s In
The lithosphere (solid part of the Earth) is composed of three major layers, the crust
(outermost layer), the mantle (the middles layer), and the core (the innermost layer). The Earth’s
crust is composed of several broken plates that move continuously. These movements are
caused by the properties and processes that occur in the Earth’s interior. Due to intense heat in
the Earth’s interior, the molten rock (magma) in the mantle moves in a cyclic pattern forming
convection cells (Figure 1.1). In the cell, the warmer material from the lower layer of the mantle
near the core rises. As it rises, moving away from the core, it slowly cools down and eventually
sinks again and is replaced by the rising warmer material forming a never-ending cycle. This
movement is extremely slow that its effects can only be discerned after thousands or millions of
years.
2
Figure 1.1. The Convection Cell
What’s New
It was Alfred Wegener, an Austrian climatologist, who first noted the theory
on the movement of the Earth’s land masses and is known today as the modern Plate Tectonic
Theory (Oskin, 2017). This theory states that the Earth’s crust is composed of several broken
plates that continuously move either away, past, or towards each other.
In the early 1900s, Alfred Wegener observed that the coastal areas of the continents
today seemed to look like jigsaw puzzle pieces that fit to each other. With this observation, he
inferred that the Earth could have once been composed of only one continent and was split into
several smaller continents due to lithospheric processes through time.
What Is It
Theories on the movement of the lithosphere:
1. Continental Drift theory (Alfred Wegener) (Oskin, 2017)
3
- This theory states that the Earth was once composed of only one
supercontinent called Pangaea. Through time, this supercontinent split into
two sub-continents, Laurasia and Gondwanaland. Million years further,
Laurasia split into a few smaller continents forming the continents in the
northern hemisphere of the Earth. This includes Asia, Europe, North America,
South America, and Africa. On the other hand, the continents of the southern
hemisphere, Australia and Antarctica, are the two continents divided from
Gondwanaland.
2. Seafloor Spreading Theory (www.divediscover.whoi.edu)

- Proposed by Harry Hess of Princeton University
- States that the seafloor is continuously spreading and the extra crust gets
recycled into the mantle
3. Plate Tectonics Theory (www.ck12.org; Oskin, 2017)

- States that the crust is composed of different plates which move either
towards, away or past each other.
- The modern version of the Continental Drift Theory of Alfred Wegener
We already learned that the mantle is composed of semifluid molten rock that
moves constantly in a cyclic pattern forming convection cells. As the molten rock moves
in the mantle, with the extreme pressure, some of the molten rock escapes through the
cracks in the crust and along the boundaries of the tectonic plates resulting in
earthquakes and volcanic activities (National Geographic, 2014).
Perhaps, the most known tectonic boundaries that consist of many active
volcanoes and where frequent earthquakes occur is the Pacific Ring of Fire. The “ring” is
composed of the boundaries of the Pacific Plate, Philippine Plate, Eurasian Plate, Juan
de Fuca and Cocos plates, and the Nazca Plate.
What’s More
In the figure below, identify and list down the different tectonic plates in the world
(15 points).
4
Figure 1.2. The Tectonic Plate of the World (Source: http://pubs.usgs.gov)
What I Have Learned
Describe what is shown in the figure below. Identify the plates that move away, past, or
towards each other.
5
Source: https://www.ck12.org/earth-science/earths-tectonic-plates/lesson/Earths-Tectonic-Plates-HS-ES/
What I Can Do
Putting Back Together

Instructions:
1. Print a world map.

2. Cut out the continents.
3. Like the jigsaw puzzle pieces, fit the cutout land masses to form the Pangaea.
4. Show it to your facilitator.
Assessment
Matching Type: Relate each statement in column A to the options in column B. Write the
letter of your answer in your sheet of paper.
6
COLUMN A COLUMN B
_____ 1. The first layer of the lithosphere a. convection cell
_____ 2. The Earth layer where magma come from b. core
_____ 3. The cyclic pattern of the molten rock in the c. crust
mantle
_____ 4. Currently the biggest continent d. Asia
_____ 5. The innermost layer of the lithosphere e. mantle
_____ 6. The formation of new crust on the ocean floor f. Pangaea
_____ 7. A long narrow chain of underwater hills or g. Gondwanaland
mountains
_____ 8. Boundary formed where two plates bump into h. convection currents
each other
_____ 9. Boundary found where plates are moving i. Plate Tectonic theory
apart at mid-ocean ridges
_____ 10. Wegner’s large continent j. Laurasia
_____ 11. A theory stating that the Earth’s surface is k. colliding boundary
broken into many pieces
_____ 12. Melted material that rises from the mantle l. magma
_____ 13. The single continent million years ago made m. ridge
up of the southern continents
_____ 14. Forces responsible for the movement of n. spreading boundary
plates
_____ 15. The northern continental group formed o. rift
million years ago
p. seafloor spreading
Additional Activity
The Plate Tectonic states that there was once a supercontinent, Pangaea, that broke
into smaller continents of today. Identify the numbered pieces as to what continent or land mass
it is today.
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8
2 Kinds of Volcanoes
What I Need to Know
In this lesson, you will learn about volcanoes and their major types. You are
expected to identify the different major types of volcanoes in terms of morphology and
volcanic activity.
What I Know
Multiple Choice. Select the correct from the given choices. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What is a volcano?
A. A large storm with very high-speed winds.
B. A large cloud that generates rain, hail, and lighting.
C. An opening in the Earth’s crust where magma erupts to the surface.
D. A violent shaking of the Earth that occurs when two tectonic plates bump into each
other.
2. How many major types of volcanoes are there?
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
3. Which volcano is the least explosive?
A. Composite B. Cinder cone C. Lava D. Shield
4. What type of volcano has a very broad shape with gentle slopes?
5. Which type of volcano is the most explosive?
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6. What type of volcanoes form from wide thin layers of lava?
7. What type of volcanoes are formed over many years and can grow to mountains of over
8,000 feet tall?
9. Which of the following best describes a volcano?
A. It is a mountain.
B. It is conical in shape.
C. It causes earthquakes.
D. It causes earthquakes and produces lava during volcanic eruptions.
10. What is a volcanic lava?
A. Gas clouds created by volcanoes.
B. Molten rock deep in the Earth’s crust.
C. Ash that is spewed out onto Earth’s surface.
D. Magma bursts through into Earth’s surface as a bright angle liquid.
11. Which of the following is the most active in the Philippines?
A. Arayat B. Hibok-Hibok C. Kanlaon D. Mayon
12. What do we call molten hot liquid rock once it erupts to the Earth’s surface?
A. Cinder B. Igneous C. Lava D. Magma
13. What do we call molten hot liquid while it is still below the Earth’s surface?

14. Which type of volcano is characterized by tall, cone-shaped mountains in which layers of
lava alternate with layers of ash.
A. Cinder-cone volcano
B. Composite volcano
C. Shield volcano
D. Stratovolcano
15. Which of the following DOES NOT belong to the group?

A. Apo B. Kilauea C. Mayon D. Pinatubo
10
What’s In
Volcanoes are generally described as mountains that emit volcanic products like lava,
rocks, ashes, and gases from the interior of the Earth through its vents. It is also described as
mountains that are formed through the deposit of these volcanic products (Bagley, 2018).
Volcanoes have different characteristics. They are categorized based on their shape and
structure and their volcanic activity.
What’s New
There are three major types of volcanoes based on their shapes and
structure. In your own perspective, characterize the different volcanic structures below.
Volcanic Structures Characterization
11
What Is It
The three major categories of volcanoes based on structure (Bagley,
Types of Volcanoes in Terms of Structure Characteristics
Cinder Cone Volcano - Steep slope

- Emits ash during eruption
- Wide base
Shield Volcano - Emits lava
- Looks like a shield hence
the name
- Half way of having steep
Composite Volcano or Stratovolcano slope and wide base
- Emits both ash and lava
12
Moreover, volcanoes are also classified based on volcanic activity. Here are the types of
volcanoes based on its behavior.
Types of Volcanoes in Terms of Activity Characteristics
- These are volcanoes that are

Active Volcano “currently erupting or are
expected to erupt in the near
future”
- These are “not currently erupting

Dormant Volcano but have erupted within
recordable history and are
expected to erupt again in the
future.”
- “These volcanoes are considered

Extinct Volcano as dead and are not expected to
erupt in the future.”
What’s More
Characterize the type of volcano shown in the picture below in terms of its
morphology. Identinfy whether it is active, dormant, or extinct. Defend your answer.
13
What I Have Learned
Identify the different types of volcanoes in terms of morphology and in terms of volcanic
activity. Illustrate each type of volcano.
What I Can Do
Identify at least five volcanoes in the Philippines. Classify each of these volcanoes in
terms of morphology and volcanic activity.
Assessment
Multiple Choice: Select the correct from the given choices.
1. Which of the following is the most active in the Philippines?
A. Arayat B. Hibok-Hibok C. Kanlaon D. Mayon
2. What do we call molten hot liquid rock once it erupts to the Earth’s surface?
3. What do we call molten hot liquid while it is still below the Earth’s surface?
4. Which of the following is a composite type of volcano?
A. Hibok-Hibok B. Kanlaon C. Mayon D. Taal

5. Which of the following DOES NOT belong to the group?
A. Apo B. Kilauea C. Mayon D. Pinatubo
14
6. What is a volcano?
A. A large storm with very high-speed winds.
B. A large cloud that generates rain, hail, and lighting.
C. An opening in the Earth’s crust where magma erupts to the surface.
D. A violent shaking of the Earth that occurs when two tectonic plates bump into each
other.
7. How many major types of volcanoes are there?
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
8. Which volcano is the least explosive?
A. Composite B. Cinder cone C. Shield D. Stratovolcano
9. What type of volcano has a very broad shape with gentle slopes?
10. Which type of volcano is the most explosive?
11. What type of volcanoes form from wide thin layers of lava?
12. What type of volcanoes are formed over many years and can grow to mountains of over
8,000 feet tall?
E. Cinder-cone volcano
F. Composite volcano
G. Shield volcano
H. Stratovolcano
14. Which of the following best describes a volcano?
A. It is a mountain.
B. It is conical in shape.
C. It causes earthquakes.
D. It causes earthquakes and produces lava during volcanic eruptions.
15
15. What is volcanic lava?
A. Ash that is spewed out onto Earth’s surface.

B. Gas clouds created by volcanoes.
C. Molten rock deep in the Earth’s crust.
D. Magma bursts through into Earth’s surface as a bright angle liqui
Additional Activity
In a separate sheet of paper, illustrate each type of volcano. For each illustration, give:
a. the type of eruptions

b. the materials ejected
c. an example of this type of volcano
CHARACTERISTICS ILLUSTRATION
1. composite volcano
a. ___________________
b. ___________________
c. ___________________
2. shield volcano
a. ___________________
b. ___________________
c. ___________________
16
3. cinder volcano
a. __________________
b. __________________
c. __________________
1.
17
3 Distribution of Volcanoes
What I Need to Know

Formation of volcanoes indicates activities along the boundaries of
tectonic plates. Accordingly, most volcanoes are located along the converging and diverging
boundaries of tectonic plates. In this lesson, you will learn about the distribution of volcanoes in
the Philippines and around the world. Moreover, you will be able to relate its distribution to Plate
Tectonic Theory.
What I Know
Multiple Choice. Choose the correct answer among the given options on
each item. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following theories states that the Earth’s outer layer is broken into large
slowly moving pieces?
a. Big Bang Theory
b. Gravitational Theory
c. Plate Tectonics Theory
d. Theory of Relativity
2. Which two continents can fit like a puzzle?
a. Africa and South America
b. Asia and North America
c. Asia and South America
d. Australia and South Africa
3. The theory of plate tectonics combines which two other theories?
a. Continental Drift and Big Bang Theory
b. Continental Drift and Fossil Theory
c. Seafloor Spreading and Continental Drift
18
d. Seafloor Spreading and Tidal Theory
4. The theory of plate tectonics helps explain which of the following?
a. extinction of dinosaurs
b. layers of the atmosphere
c. symbiotic relationship of plants and animals
d. movement of continents and occurrence of volcanoes and earthquakes
5. How are plate tectonics and volcanoes related?
a. They have nothing to do with one another.
b. Volcanoes are formed near where plates collide and in the ocean.
c. Volcanoes are not formed where plates collide, but do form in the oceans.
d. Volcanoes are formed near where plates collide and are not formed anywhere else.
True or False: Identify whether the statement is true or false. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Mt. Apo is considered an active volcano.

2. Mt. Pulag is the highest peak in the Philippines.
3. Mt. Mayon is considered one of the most active volcanoes in the Philippines
4. Mt. Pinatubo eruption is the most destructive volcanic eruption recorded in the
Philippines.
5. Among the major islands in the Philippines, Luzon has the greatest number of
volcanoes.
6. Volcanoes can be formed anywhere.
7. Volcanoes can be formed in tectonic plate boundaries.
8. Volcanoes are evenly distributed across the globe.
9. Volcanoes are formed only in the continental crust.
10. More than a quarter of the total active volcanoes on Earth are found along the Pacific
Ring of Fire.
What’s In
We learned that the crust is composed of tectonic plates that move
either away, past, or towards each other. Since most volcanoes are formed along the
plate boundaries, it is expected that many active volcanoes are formed along with them
(National Geographic, 2014).
19
We are very familiar with the Pacific Ring of Fire. The Pacific Ring of Fire where
the Philippines is situated along with, comprises the tectonic boundaries of Pacific Plate,
Philippine Plate, Eurasian Plate, Juan de Fuca and Cocos plates, and the Nazca Plate.
What’s New
When the tectonic plates move apart (diverge), magma will ooze out
from the cracks and fissures of the crust that are moving apart forming vents. These will
then lead to formation of new land masses, volcanoes and volcanic activities. On the
other hand, when the plates move towards each other (converge), upon collision, the
plate that sinks (subducts) will melt in the mantle. And where there is melting of the
plates, formation of volcanoes occurs.
In the Philippines, volcanoes and volcanic activities are classified and monitored
by the Philippines Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS). PHIVOLCS
classified the volcanoes in the Philippines according to its eruptive history. There are
three classifications of volcanoes in the Philippines according to PHIVOLCS.
1. Active Volcanoes – Erupted within historic times (within the last 600 years).
Accounts of these eruptions were documented by man. Erupted within the
last 10,000 years based on the analyses of materials from young volcanic
deposits.
2. Potentially Active Volcanoes – Morphologically young-looking but with no
historical or analytical records of eruption.
3. Inactive Volcanoes – No recorded eruptions. Physical form has been
intensively weathered and eroded, bearing deep and long gullies.
Delos Reyes et. al. (2018) listed twenty-four active volcanoes in the Philippines.
The rest are considered potentially active and/or inactive.
20
What Is It
When plates converge, one of the plates sinks to the mantle. As a result,
trenches are formed. Parallel to the trench is an array of volcanoes formed from the
melted plate (magma) that escaped from the mantle. The figure below shows the
formation of volcanoes along the converging plates.
Figure 3.1 Formation of Volcanoes Along the Converging Plates
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In divergent boundaries, when the plates move apart, magma rises, solidifies,
and forms new land masses.
Figure 3.2. Diverging Plates
In the Philippines, there are twenty-four active volcanoes as listed by Delos Reyes et. al.
(2018). The list is shown below.
Item No.Name of Volcano Latitude Longitude Province
Babuyan Island Group, Cagayan in

1 Babuyan Claro 19.52408 121.95005
Luzon
Boundaries of Laguna and Quezon in
2 Banahaw 14.06038 121.48803
Luzon
3 Biliran (Anas) 11.63268 124.47162 Leyte in Visayas
4 Bud Dajo 6.01295 121.05772 Sulu in Mindanao
5 Bulusan 12.76853 124.05445 Sorsogon, Bicol Region in Luzon
6 Cabalian 10.27986 125.21598 Southern Leyte in Visayas
7 Cagua 18.22116 122.1163 Cagayan in Luzon
8 Camiguin de Babuyanes 18.83037 121.86280
Luzon
9 Didicas 19.07533 122.20147
Luzon
10 Hibok-hibok 9.20427 124.67115 Camiguin in Mindanao
22
Item No.Name of Volcano Latitude Longitude Province
11 Iraya 20.46669 122.01078 Batan Island, Batanes in Luzon

12 Iriga 13.45606 123.45479 Camarines Sur in Luzon
13 Isarog 13.65685 123.38087 Camarines Sur in Luzon
14 Kanlaon 10.41129 123.13243 Negros Oriental
15 Leonard Kniaseff 7.39359 126.06418 Davao del Norte
16 Makaturing 7.64371 124.31718 Lanao del Sur
17 Matutum 6.36111 125.07603 Cotabato in Mindanao
18 Mayon 13.25519 123.68615 Albay, Bicol Region in Luzon
19 Musuan (Calayo) 7.87680 125.06985 Bukidnon in Mindanao
South Cotabato/General Santos/ North
20 Parker 6.10274 124.88879 Cotabato/Sarangani Provinces in
Mindanao
Boundaries of Pampanga, Tarlac and
21 Pinatubo 15.14162 120.35084
Zambales in Luzon
Lanao del Sur and Cotabato in
22 Ragang 7.69066 124.50639
Mindanao
23 Smith 19.53915 121.91367
Luzon
Batangas in Luzon
24 Taal 14.01024 120.99812
23
What’s More
In the figure below, trace where most volcanoes are located. Also identify
which plate tectonic boundaries display most of volcanic formations.
Source: www.researchgate.com
24
Identify the active and potentially active volcanoes located in Luzon, Visayas, and
Mindanao.
25
What I Have Learned
1. Identify the active volcanoes across the Philippine archipelago. Which among the
three major island groups in the Philippines (Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao) has the
greatest number of active volcanoes? Potentially active volcanoes?
2. In the global scale, is there a relationship between the formation of volcanoes and
the tectonic plates? Briefly describe their relationship.
What I Can Do
1. Identify the top 10 most active volcanoes in the Philippines. Cite where
each of these volcanoes are located.
2. Identify at least 10 active volcanoes across the globe (exclude Philippine volcanoes).
Identify the specific tectonic plate or boundary it is located.
Assessment
Multiple Choice. Choose the correct answer among the given options on each item.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
a. Big Bang Theory
26
d. Volcanoes are formed near where plates collide and are not formed anywhere
else.
True or False: Identify whether the statement is true or false. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Mt. Apo is considered an active volcano.

2. Mt. Pulag is the highest peak in the Philippines.
3. Mt. Mayon is considered one of the most active volcanoes in the Philippines
4. Mt. Pinatubo eruption is the one of the most destructive volcanic eruptions recorded
in the Philippines.
5. Among the major islands in the Philippines, Luzon has the greatest number of
volcanoes.
6. Volcanoes can be formed anywhere.
7. Volcanoes can be formed in tectonic plate boundaries.
8. Volcanoes are evenly distributed across the globe.
9. Volcanoes are formed only in the continental crust.
10. More than a quarter of the total active volcanoes on Earth are found along the
Pacific Ring of Fire.
27
Additional Activity
On the world map, mark at least ten locations where notable volcanoes are found across
the globe. Use your own printed world map.
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mercator_Blank_Map_World.png
28
Unit Assessment
1. Which of the following is expected to form parallel to a trench?

a. hot spot b. ocean ridge c. rift valley d. volcanic arc
a. Cinder-cone volcano
b. Composite volcano
c. Shield volcano
d. Stratovolcano
a. Big Bang Theory
4. What is the name of the Mesozoic supercontinent that consisted of all the present
continents?
a. Eurasia
b. Gondwanaland
c. Laurasia
d. Pangaea
6. Earthquakes and volcanoes are most likely found in which location?
a. In the oceans
b. At plate boundaries
c. In the middle of plates
d. In the middle of the continents
7. What evidence did Alfred Wegener have for his theory of Continental Drift?
29
a. He had no evidence.
b. Through observations.
c. He explained how continents moved apart.
d. He knew that plant and animal fossils, as well as rock layers, matched on the two
continents of Africa and South America.
9. Which of the following describes the Pacific Ring of Fire?
a. Mr. Wegener’s favorite Song
b. Any area on a plate boundary with a volcano
c. The cause of most of the Earthquakes on the world
d. An area with lots of seismic and volcanic activities around the Pacific Plate
11. What is Pangaea?
a. A deep-ocean trench
b. The name a dinosaur fossil
c. A microorganism that grows at hydrothermal vents
d. A single continent that existed 250 million years ago
12. What are tectonic plates composed of?
a. Oceanic crust and mountains
b. The outer core and the mantle
c. Continental crust and the upper mantle
d. Continental and/oceanic crust plus a small part of the upper mantle
13. Which of the following describes the convection current?
30
a. Hot magma rises and is cooled and sinks again to be heated.
b. Cold magma rises and is heated and sinks again to be cooled.
c. Volcanoes pull the magma out of the Earth and it becomes lava.
d. The Earth spins and not all of the magma spins at the same rate.
14. What is volcanic lava?
a. Ash that is spewed out onto Earth’s surface.
b. Gas clouds created by volcanoes.
c. Molten rock deep in the Earth’s crust.
d. Magma bursts through into Earth’s surface as a bright angle liquid.
d. Volcanoes are formed near where plates collide and are not formed anywhere else.
31
Answer Key
UNIT ASSESSMENT
11. D
12. D 1. D
13. A 2. A
14. D 3. C
15. B 4. D
5. A
6. B
7. D
8. C
9. D
10. D
Lesson 3
Multiple Choice
1. C
2. A
3. C
4. D Lesson 2
5. B Lesson1
1. D
1. c
2. C 2. e
3. D 3. a
True or False 4. C 4. d
1. True 5. B 5. b
2. False 6. C 6. p
7. B 7. m
3. True 8. k
4. True 8. C
9. D 9. n
5. True 10. f
6. False 10. A
11. i
7. True 11. D 12. l
8. False 12. B 13. g
9. False 13. A 14. h
10. True 14. D 15. j
15. D
32
References
Bagley, Mary. 2018. Volcano Facts and Types of Volcanoes. Accessed Online, Available at:
https://www.livescience.com/27295-volcanoes.html, Accessed 22 June 2020
Delos Reyes, Perla J., et. al. 2017. A Synthesis and Review of Historical Eruption at Taal
Volcano, Southern Luzon, Philippines. Accessed Online, Available at
2020:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825216304068, Accessed
22 June 2020
Dorward, Lisa. 2018. Classification of Volcanoes. Accessed Online, Available at

https://sciencing.com/classification-volcanoes-8442589.html, Accessed 22 June 2020
Oskin, Becky. 2017. Continental Drift: Theory and Definition. Accessed Online, Available at:
https://www.livescience.com/37529-continental-drift.html#:~:text=Continental%20drift
%20was%20a%20theory,are%20found%20on%20different%20continents. Accessed 22
June 2020
"Continental Drift And Seafloor Spreading - Dive & Discover". 2020. Dive & Discover. Accessed
Online, Available at https://divediscover.whoi.edu/history-of-oceanography/continental-
drift-and-seafloor-spreading/. Accessed 22 June 2020
Dive & Discover. 2020. Continental Drift And Seafloor Spreading - Dive & Discover. [online]
Available at: <https://divediscover.whoi.edu/history-of-oceanography/continental-drift-
and-seafloor-spreading/> Accessed 26 June 2020
n.d. [online] Available at https://divediscover.whoi.edu/history-of-oceanography/continental-drift-

and-seafloor-spreading/, Accessed 22 June 2020
n.d. [online] Available at https://www.ck12.org/earth-science/theory-of-plate-
tectonics/lesson/Theory-of-Plate-Tectonics-MS-ES/ , Accessed 22 June 2020
n.d. [online] Available at https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/ring-fire/#:~:text=Ring
%20of%20Fire,along%20the%20Ring%20of%20Fire. Accessed 22 June 2020
n.d. [online] Available at https://www.nationalgeographic.org/article/plate-tectonics-volcanic-
activity/#:~:text=Sometimes%2C%20the%20plates%20collide%20with,boundaries
%20and%20convergent%20plate%20boundaries. Accessed 22 June 2020
n.d. [online] Available at https://courses.lumenlearning.com/geophysical/chapter/where-
volcanoes-are-located/, Accessed 22 June 2020
n.d. [online] Available at http://pubs.usgs.gov, Accessed 22 June 2020
n.d. [online] Available at
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mercator_Blank_Map_World.png, Accessed 22
June 2020
n.d [online] Available at https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/volcano-hazard/volcanoes-
of-the-philippines, Accessed 22 June 2020
33
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)
Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600
Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985
Email Address: [email protected] * [email protected]
34

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NOT FOR SALE

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Development Team of the Module

Author/s : Eva D. Aranggo

Members : Neil A. Improgo, EPS-LRMS

Printed in the Philippines by

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

COVER PAGE Page

Lesson 1: Plate Tectonic Theory

Icons of this Module

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to you to

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.

Guidelines and Reminders

- From the Science 10 Module Development

1 Plate Tectonic Theory

What I Need to Know

a. Identify the tectonic plates of the world; and,

1. Continental Drift theory (Alfred Wegener) (Oskin, 2017)

2. Seafloor Spreading Theory (www.divediscover.whoi.edu)

3. Plate Tectonics Theory (www.ck12.org; Oskin, 2017)

What I Have Learned

Putting Back Together

1. Print a world map.

What I Need to Know

A. A large storm with very high-speed winds.

B. A large cloud that generates rain, hail, and lighting.

C. An opening in the Earth’s crust where magma erupts to the surface.

2. How many major types of volcanoes are there?

3. Which volcano is the least explosive?

A. Composite B. Cinder cone C. Lava D. Shield

A. Composite B. Cinder cone C. Lava D. Shield

5. Which type of volcano is the most explosive?

A. Composite B. Cinder cone C. Lava D. Shield

A. Composite B. Cinder cone C. Lava D. Shield

A. Composite B. Cinder cone C. Lava D. Shield

9. Which of the following best describes a volcano?

D. It causes earthquakes and produces lava during volcanic eruptions.

10. What is a volcanic lava?

A. Gas clouds created by volcanoes.

B. Molten rock deep in the Earth’s crust.

C. Ash that is spewed out onto Earth’s surface.

D. Magma bursts through into Earth’s surface as a bright angle liquid.

11. Which of the following is the most active in the Philippines?

A. Arayat B. Hibok-Hibok C. Kanlaon D. Mayon

A. Cinder B. Igneous C. Lava D. Magma

A. Cinder B. Igneous C. Lava D. Magma

15. Which of the following DOES NOT belong to the group?

Volcanic Structures Characterization