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    Chemestry: Study of Matter - Its Composition, Structure and Properties - and Changes It Goes

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    MASH
    This document discusses the key concepts in chemistry including the states of matter (solid, liquid, gas, plasma), phase changes, physical and chemical properties, classification of matter as pure substances (elements and compounds) or mixtures (homogeneous and heterogeneous). It also covers early theories on the composition of matter from Thales to the atomists Leucippus and Democritus who proposed the idea of atoms. Methods for separating mixtures like sublimation, magnets, decantation, filtration and distillation are also summarized.

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    Chemestry: Study of Matter - Its Composition, Structure and Properties - and Changes It Goes

    Uploaded by

    MASH
    34 views24 pages
    This document discusses the key concepts in chemistry including the states of matter (solid, liquid, gas, plasma), phase changes, physical and chemical properties, classification of matter as pure substances (elements and compounds) or mixtures (homogeneous and heterogeneous). It also covers early theories on the composition of matter from Thales to the atomists Leucippus and Democritus who proposed the idea of atoms. Methods for separating mixtures like sublimation, magnets, decantation, filtration and distillation are also summarized.

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    This document discusses the key concepts in chemistry including the states of matter (solid, liquid, gas, plasma), phase changes, physical and chemical properties, classification of matter as pure substances (elements and compounds) or mixtures (homogeneous and heterogeneous). It also covers early theories on the composition of matter from Thales to the atomists Leucippus and Democritus who proposed the idea of atoms. Methods for separating mixtures like sublimation, magnets, decantation, filtration and distillation are also summarized.

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    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    34 views24 pages

    Chemestry: Study of Matter - Its Composition, Structure and Properties - and Changes It Goes

    Uploaded by

    MASH
    This document discusses the key concepts in chemistry including the states of matter (solid, liquid, gas, plasma), phase changes, physical and chemical properties, classification of matter as pure substances (elements and compounds) or mixtures (homogeneous and heterogeneous). It also covers early theories on the composition of matter from Thales to the atomists Leucippus and Democritus who proposed the idea of atoms. Methods for separating mixtures like sublimation, magnets, decantation, filtration and distillation are also summarized.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 24

    CHEMESTRY

    Study of matter – its composition,


    structure and properties – and
    changes it goes.
    THALES OF
    MILETUS
    (water)
    HERACLITUS
    (fire)
    EMPEDOCLES
    (earth, air, water and fire)
    LEUCIPPUS &DEMOCRITUS
    Atomos – “uncutable”

    • All matter is made up of atoms that are too tiny to be


    seen by the naked eyes. They cannot be broken down
    further into smaller proportions. All forms of matter
    result from the coming together or breaking apart of
    atoms.
    • Atoms are completely solid
    • Atoms are uniform, with no internal structure.
    • Atoms come in different shapes and sizes.
    STATES/PHASES OF MATTER
    STATES OF MATTER
    SOLIDS

    •Particles of solids are


    tightly packed, vibrating
    about a fixed position.

    •Solids have a definite


    shape and a definite
    volume.
    Heat
    STATES OF MATTER
    LIQUID
     Particles of liquids are
    tightly packed, but are
    far enough apart to
    slide over one another.

     Liquids have an
    indefinite shape and a
    definite volume.
    Heat
    STATES OF MATTER
    GAS
     Particles of gases
    are very far apart
    and move freely.

     Gases have an
    indefinite shape
    and an indefinite
    volume. Heat
    PHASE CHANGES
    Description of Term for Phase Heat Movement During
    Phase Change Change Phase Change

    Vaporization,
    Liquid to which includes Heat goes into the
    gas boiling and liquid as it vaporizes.
    evaporation
    Heat leaves the gas
    Gas to liquid Condensation
    as it condenses.
    Heat goes into the
    Solid to gas Sublimation solid leaves
    Heat as it sublimates.
    the gas
    as it undergoes
    Gas to solid Deposition
    deposition
    STATES OF MATTER
    PLASMA
     A plasma is an ionized
    gas.
     A plasma is a very good
    conductor of electricity
    and is affected by
    magnetic fields.
     Plasmas, like gases have
    an indefinite shape and
    • Plasma is the
    an indefinite volume. common state
    of matter
    STATES OF MATTER

    SOLID LIQUID GAS PLASMA

    Tightly packed, in a Close together with Well separated with Has no definite
    regular pattern no regular no regular volume or shape
    Vibrate, but do not arrangement. arrangement. and is composed of
    move from place to Vibrate, move Vibrate and move electrical charged
    place about, and slide freely at high particles
    past each other speeds
    PHYSICAL AND
    CHEMICAL
    PROPERTIES
    Physical Property
    • Can be observed without changing the
    chemical composition of a substance.

    Ex. Phases, color, solubility, density, melting


    and boiling point, volatility, viscosity, and
    conductivity
    Chemical Property
    • Can be observed with an accompanying
    change in the chemical composition of a
    substance.

    Ex. Flammability
    INTENSIVE AND
    EXTENSIVE
    PROPERTIES
    Extensive
    -Properties that do depend on
    the amount of matter present.

    Example:
    Intensive
    • Properties that do not depend on the
    amount of the matter present.

    Example:
    Color , odor, hardness, melting/freezing
    point, boiling point, density, malleability,
    luster
    CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER

    PURE SUBSTANCE
    AND MIXTURE
    PURE SUBSTANCE – has unchanging/ specific
    composition.

    ELEMENT – composed COMPOUND –


    of only one type of composed of two or
    atom. more different type of
    atom.
    Ex. O, Na, C, He, Cl Ex. O, N, C, He
    O3, H2 H2O, CO2, NaCl
    Mixture – compose of different pure substances that are
    physically combined in variable proportion
    HOMOGENEOUS – HETEROGENEOUS –
    Has only one Phase. Has two or more
    The appearance, Phases. The
    properties, and components are not
    composition are uniform evenly distributed in the
    throughout a sample. sample and can thus be
    physically identified.
    Ex. H2O + NaCl
    Ex. Oil + Water
    PHYSICAL METHODS OF
    SEPARATING MIXTURES
    SUBLIMATION – separates volatile solids from non volatile
    MAGNETS – remove magnetic from nonmagnetic
    components in a mixture.
    DECANTATION – for mixtures of liquid and heavy
    insoluble solids.
    FILTRATION – used to separate small from larger
    particles.
    DISTILLATION – separates miscible liquids of different
    boiling point.
    CHROMATOGRAPHY – methods used to separate
    components of different degree of solubility using a

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